vitamin-k-semiquinone-radical and Dermatitis--Contact

Between 1964 and 1994, at least 52 patients with cutaneous adverse effects of vitamin K have been described in the European and North American literature. A review of the details of these patients is given and 2 new cases reported. Adverse effects are seen not only in patients with liver-function disturbances but also in patients without liver diseases, and occur mostly after intramuscular or subcutaneous administration of vitamin K1, independent of the total dose. Patch and intracutaneous tests often give positive reactions. The mechanism of action is probably in many patients a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Contact; Erythema; Europe; Female; Humans; Injections; Intradermal Tests; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Patch Tests; United States; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1

Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Humans; Male; Patch Tests; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 3

Experimental studies on the sensitization capacity of naturally occurring naphthoquinones derived from plants and woods have been carried out with 6 compounds. With 4 of these substances (desoxylapachol, menadione, lapachenole andmacassar quinone) guinea pigs could be sensitized. Desoxylapachol, sensitizer from teak wood, and lapachenole, sensitizer from perobawood proved to be the most effective ones. Experiments with macassar quinone (oxidation product of a naphthalene constituent of macassar ebony) still demonstrate that even ortho-naphthoquinones are capable to induce contact allergy. Allergic cross reactions could be obtained with 9 out of 14 different napthoquinones. In animals sensitized with desoxylapachol menadione and lapachol showed the strongest eliciting effect. Furthermore the study demonstrated that the sensitizing effect of naphthoquinones depends on the length and position of the side chain attached to the quinoid ring as well as on the substitution of the carbon atom adjacent to the side chain bearing C-atom. With compounds substituted at this C-atom (e.g. position 3 of lapachol or didimethylallylnaphthoquinone) sensitization could not be obtained.

Topics: Allergens; Animals; Cross Reactions; Dermatitis, Contact; Guinea Pigs; Male; Naphthalenes; Naphthoquinones; Plants; Skin Tests; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vitamin K; Wood

Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Toxicology; Vitamin K

Topics: Dermatitis, Contact; Dermatitis, Occupational; Desensitization, Immunologic; Drug Industry; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Skin Tests; Vitamin K