vitamin-k-semiquinone-radical and Angina-Pectoris

The various applications of anticoagulation in cardiology concern primary prevention, treatment of angina and infarction, revascularization either by angioplasty or by bypass grafts, treatment after artificial valve replacement, treatment of atrial fibrillation and, finally, as a precaution in the case of impaired ventricular function. Several methods of anticoagulation can be used in each of these indications: thrombin antagonists, vitamin K antagonists, antiaggregants and thrombolytics, although this last group is not discussed in this article.

Topics: 4-Hydroxycoumarins; Angina Pectoris; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Atrial Fibrillation; Coumarins; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Heparin; Humans; Indenes; Myocardial Infarction; Postoperative Care; Vitamin K

Topics: Angina Pectoris; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Coumarins; Drug Antagonism; Drug Synergism; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Myocardial Infarction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Pulmonary Embolism; Thrombophlebitis; Vitamin K

The product of the growth arrest-specific gene 6 (GAS6), a ligand for the Axl, Sky, and Mer tyrosine kinase receptors, is a vitamin K-dependent protein, structurally related to anticoagulant protein S. Gas6-deficient mice are protected against thrombosis, demonstrating the importance of this protein in the cardiovascular system. The present study was aimed at determining the human GAS6 intron-exon structure and analyzing the gene for the presence of allelic variants that could be associated with atherothrombotic disease. Online analyses allowed us to localize 15 GAS6 exons and to determine the sequence of their intron-flanking regions, in a chromosome 13 region spanning 43.8 kb of DNA. SSCP analysis of PCR-amplified GAS6 exons with their intron-flanking regions from a minimum of 12 control DNA samples, revealed the presence of eight different variants, which were confirmed to be single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Three of them (c.1263G>C, c.1332C>T, and c.1869T>C) are localized in exons 11, 12, and 14, and appear to be neutral since they do not modify the encoded amino acid. The other SNPs (c.280+170C>G, c.712+26G>A, c.713-155C>T, c.834+7G>A, and c.1478-94C>G) are in introns 3, 7, 8, and 12. A preliminary analysis of five of these SNPs in a group of 110 healthy controls and 188 patients with atherothrombotic disease has revealed statistically significant differences between controls and stroke patients in the allelic distributions of one of these variants (c.834+7G>A in intron 8). The SNP identification in GAS6 reported here would be very useful in future association studies aimed at determining the physiologic role of GAS6 in stroke and other human diseases.

Topics: Alleles; Angina Pectoris; Animals; Base Sequence; Exons; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Introns; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Myocardial Infarction; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Rats; RNA Splice Sites; Stroke; Vitamin K

Topics: Angina Pectoris; Anticoagulants; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Arteriosclerosis; Coumarins; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Fibrinolytic Agents; Heparin; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Pulmonary Embolism; Streptokinase; Thromboembolism; Thrombophlebitis; Thrombosis; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; Vitamin K

Topics: Aged; Aging; Angina Pectoris; Anticoagulants; Coronary Disease; Ethanolamines; Humans; Middle Aged; Nitroglycerin; Propranolol; Vitamin K

Topics: Angina Pectoris; Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Drug Synergism; Ethanol; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Failure; Humans; Long-Term Care; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Vitamin K

Topics: Angina Pectoris; Anticoagulants; Fibrinolytic Agents; Heparin; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Recurrence; Vitamin K