vitamin-k-semiquinone-radical and Anemia

Topics: Age Factors; Anemia; Anticoagulants; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Fibrinolysis; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Kidney Diseases; Leukemia; Purpura; Shock; Virus Diseases; Vitamin K; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Anemia; Anticoagulants; Biological Transport; Blood Coagulation Factors; Collagen; Enzymes; Membranes; Mitochondria; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Protein Biosynthesis; Solubility; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin E Deficiency; Vitamin K; Warfarin

Factor V inhibitors are a rare cause of life-threatening bleeding. We present a case of an acquired factor V inhibitor likely caused by coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Bleeding was manifested by severe anemia requiring frequent red-cell transfusion, left psoas muscle hematoma, and left retroperitoneal cavity hematoma. Factor V activity was less than 1% and the factor V inhibitor titer was 31.6 Bethesda units. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA testing of the nasopharynx was positive 2 weeks before presentation and continued to be positive for 30 days. The patient failed treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and dexamethasone. Three cycles of plasmapheresis with fresh frozen plasma replacement resulted in correction of the bleeding and laboratory coagulopathy. This is the first reported case of a factor V inhibitor in a coronavirus disease 2019 patient and suggests that plasmapheresis may be a successful treatment strategy.

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Anemia; Antibodies, Viral; Antibody Specificity; Autoantibodies; Combined Modality Therapy; Comorbidity; COVID-19; Delayed Diagnosis; Dexamethasone; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Factor V; Female; Hematoma; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; Octreotide; Plasma; Plasmapheresis; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin K

Oral anticoagulants, including vitamin K inhibitors (VKAs) and direct anticoagulants (DOACs) are important for preventing and treating thromboembolic diseases. However, they are not recommended for use in all patients due to negative side effects and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Currently, there is a paucity of information about their use in real life. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study is to report on the rate of serious ADRs in oral anticoagulant users, determine patient characteristics associated with increased risk of ADRs, and identify possible management strategies for reducing risk of ADRs within a hospital setting.. Patients admitted to the Internal Medicine Department of the Vimercate Hospital were recruited between November 1, 2015 and October 31, 2016. All patients reporting an ADR associated with anticoagulant use were selected. Demographic, clinical, and observational data were extracted from electronic hospital records, in particular, by the hospital discharge letters and other clinical records. The main outcome of the study was to evaluate the incidence of anticoagulants serious adverse drug reactions conditioning hospital admission, the percentage of preventable reactions, and the determinants of those.. Of the 2,064 admissions, 102 (4.9%) eligible patients were identified. Age ranged from 60-95 years (mean = 81.9, standard deviation = 6,59) and 47.1% (n=48) were female. Of the 102 cases, 68 used VKAs and 34 used DOACs. The most common admission diagnosis was heart failure following anemia or hemorrhage (56 cases), followed by acute hemorrhage (with or without anemia; 29 cases), and anemia not associated with evident hemorrhage (17cases). The majority of VKA users (n=65, 95.6%) had a high risk of major bleeding. ADRs were found to be preventable in 96% of VKA users and 68% of DOACs users.. This study highlights the large percentage of ADRs from oral anticoagulants that can be avoided with more careful patient management. Periodic check-up of cardiac and renal function, as well as blood count, may be useful for reducing the risk of ADRs, especially in older DOACs users. Further research is needed to get new data to improve the patients monitoring system.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia; Anticoagulants; Drug Interactions; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Female; Hemorrhage; Hospital Records; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Physiologic; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia; Anticoagulants; Atrial Fibrillation; Cohort Studies; Humans; Vitamin K

To investigate the risk of stroke/thromboembolism (TE) and major bleeding associated with anaemia among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Also, to assess the effects of oral anticoagulation (OAC) and time in therapeutic range (TTR) with vitamin K antagonists according to level of haemoglobin (Hb).. Through administrative registry databases, we identified all Danish patients diagnosed with AF from 1997 to 2012. We included 18 734 AF patients with recent available data on Hb. Multiple Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios and to compute standardized absolute 1-year risks of stroke/TE and major bleeding. Among included patients, 3796 (20%) had mild anaemia (Hb 6.83-7.45 mmol/L for women and Hb 6.83-8.03 mmol/L for men) and 2562 (14%) had moderate/severe anaemia (Hb <6.83 mmol/L). Moderate/severe anaemia was associated with increased risk of major bleeding and 9.1% lower median TTR compared with no anaemia. Use of OAC was associated with reduced risk of stroke/TE among patients without anaemia [standardized absolute 1-year difference -2.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.8 to -1.7%] or with mild anaemia (-2.3%, 95% CI -2.8 to -1.8%), but not with moderate/severe anaemia, (0.03%, -1.8 to +2.8%, interaction P = 0.01). Oral anticoagulation was associated with a 5.3% (95% CI 2.1-8.7%) increased standardized absolute risk of major bleeding among AF patients with moderate/severe anaemia.. Anaemia was common in patients with AF and associated with major bleeding and lower TTR. Oral anticoagulation was associated with more major bleeding, but no reduction in risk of stroke/TE among AF patients with moderate/severe anaemia.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia; Anticoagulants; Atrial Fibrillation; Cohort Studies; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Proportional Hazards Models; Stroke; Thromboembolism; Vitamin K

The oral anticoagulant warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist and is considered the first line anticoagulant in valvular atrial fibrillation. However prothrombin time should be closely monitored, drug interactions checked and compliance regarding diet ensured when the patient is on warfarin therapy. Anaemia should be looked for, evaluated for the cause and corrected since it is an independent predictor of bleeding and thrombotic episodes during warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation We present an interesting case of anaemia which developed during warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation. The patient was on amiodarone and was consuming leafy vegetables resulting in frequent raise in prothrombin time during which time she developed bleeding into the right femoral pseudoaneurysm which had developed following catheterisation for thrombectomy. Surgical correction of pseudoaneurysm was done, comedication was changed and diet compliance ensured which resulted in the subsequent maintenance of prothrombin time in the therapeutic range and steady haemoglobin levels.

Topics: Anemia; Aneurysm, False; Anticoagulants; Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiac Catheterization; Directive Counseling; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Prothrombin Time; Spinacia oleracea; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin K; Warfarin

Kuperman et al. found that patients with anemia had a higher risk of major bleeding (RR 2.84; 95% CI 2.52-3.39) in RIETE database. Anemia appeared to be an independent predictive factor for major bleeding [hazard ratio (HR) 1.95; 95% CI 1.72-2.20] in this registry. Unfortunately, selection bias due to enrolled patients does not allowed us to use these major results in ambulatory care. The aim of SCORE study was to refine bleeding risk estimation in French vitamin K antagonist (VKA) treated patients and to identifying one or several parameters of prognostic significance. We conducted a prospective, multi-center cohort study of 962 consecutive outpatients from private angiologic offices, clinics and hospitals enrolled in grenoble angiologic network for thromboembolic diseases between May 2009 and December 2010, followed during 1 year by their general practitioner. Main outcome was the occurrence of major bleeding or clinically non major relevant bleeding (CNMRB). Incidence rates major bleeding and CNMRB were 2.86 (95% CI 1.95-4.2) events per 100 patient-years and 12% (95% CI 9.89-14.11) respectively. Cox multivariate analyses showed that only anemia was strongly associated with a risk of major bleeding (HR 6.1; 95% CI 2.7-13.8; p = 0.001). Logistic regression analyses performed in CNMRB showed that anemia, prior gastro-intestinal bleeding and antiplatelet drug use were strongly associated with a risk of CNMRB at 1 year, respectively OR 2.53, 95% CI (1.4-4.56); p = 0.002, OR 3.32, 95% CI (1.51-7.31); p = 0.003 and OR 1.77, 95% CI (1.1-2.83); p = 0.017. These new data were consistent between major and CRNM bleeding in VKA treated patients. The key role of anemia should be confirmed in other prospective cohort studies, with different anticoagulants use such as direct oral anticoagulant in ambulatory care settings.

Topics: Aged; Anemia; Anticoagulants; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Venous Thromboembolism; Vitamin K

Risk scores for the prediction of haemorrhage are poorly predictive of major bleeding. The aim of this study was to refine the estimation of bleeding risk by identifying one or several parameters of prognostic significance among these algorithms.. The SCORE study was a prospective, multicentre cohort study conducted in France in 2009-2010. Patients were eligible if they had received vitamin K antagonist (VKA) for any therapeutic indication for at least 3months. The primary outcome was the occurrence of major bleeding at 1-year follow-up.. In total, 962 patients were included in this study and evaluated at 1year. The incidence of major bleeding at 1-year follow-up (Kaplan-Meier method) was 2.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-4.2]. The rate of major bleeding was 8.2% (95 CI 3.4-16.2) per year in patients classified as high risk by at least four scores. In a multivariate Cox analysis, of the risk factors for the different scores, only anaemia <100g/l at inclusion was strongly associated with risk of major bleeding (hazard ratio 6.1, 95% CI 2.7-13.8, P<0.0001). Through an induction tree analysis performed to identify a common parameter in the majority of scores, anaemia was found to be the main predictor of correct classification as high risk by at least four scores (55% of patients classified as high risk by at least four scores vs 3.3% in the absence of anaemia).. Anaemia with haemoglobin <100g/l is the most important predictor of high risk of bleeding in patients treated with VKA.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anemia; Anticoagulants; Female; France; Hemorrhage; Humans; Incidence; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Vitamin K

Although drug therapy is inherently associated with the risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), some of these events are preventable. The estimated proportion of preventable ADRs varies from one study or clinical context to another. Bleeding caused by antithrombotic agents (and particularly vitamin K antagonists, VKAs) constitutes one of the most frequent causes of ADR-related hospitalization.Hence, the objective of the present study was to adapt and validate an ADR preventability score for bleeding due to VKAs and evaluate the preventability of bleeding in 906 consecutive hospitalized, VKA-treated adult patients with a risk of major bleeding (defined as an international normalized ratio ≥5) over a 2-year period. A specific preventability scale for VKA-associated bleeding was developed by adapting a published tool.Overall, 241 of the 906 patients in the study experienced at least 1 VKA-associated bleeding event. The scale's reliability was tested by 2 different evaluators. The inter-rater reliability (evaluated by calculation of Cohen's kappa) ranged from "good" to "excellent." Lastly, the validated scale was used to assess the preventability of the VKA-associated bleeding. We estimated that bleeding was preventable or potentially preventable in 109 of the 241 affected patients (45.2%).We have developed a useful, reliable tool for evaluating the preventability of VKA-associated bleeding. Application of the scale in a prospective study revealed that a high proportion of VKA-associated bleeding events in hospitalized, at-risk adult patients were preventable or potentially preventable.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Algorithms; Anemia; Atrial Fibrillation; Female; Fibrinolytic Agents; Hemorrhage; Humans; Hypertension; International Normalized Ratio; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Vitamin K; Young Adult

Infants may present to the emergency department (ED) with vague complaints worrisome to parents and may initially appear well, despite serious underlying pathology. Whereas sepsis and nonaccidental trauma are high on most providers' diagnostic considerations, we report a case representative of a worrisome trend secondary to the refusal of parenteral vitamin K at birth leading to significant neurologic sequelae.. A 10-week-old boy presented to the ED with gradual increase in fussiness for 2 weeks and new onset of blood flecks in the stool on the day of presentation. Careful physical examination revealed a pale-appearing infant, leading to diagnostic evaluation demonstrating profound anemia and intracranial bleeding. The patient was diagnosed with late-onset vitamin K-deficient bleeding (VKDB) secondary to parental refusal of the vitamin K shot at birth. Why Should Emergency Physicians be Aware of This? Emergency Medicine providers need to add this serious treatable disease into their diagnostic consideration for fussy infants, infants with unexplained bruising or bleeding, or infants with new-onset seizures. Rapid identification of VKDB can lead to prompt treatment and halt the rapid progression of symptoms. Emergency Medicine providers should ask all parents if their infant received parenteral vitamin K in the newborn period, especially if they are exclusively breastfed or born out of the hospital.

Topics: Anemia; Breast Feeding; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hematoma, Subdural; Humans; Infant; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Treatment Refusal; Vitamin K; Vitamin K Deficiency Bleeding

Antiphospholipid syndrome associate thromboembolic events (arterial or venous), and presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, and require anticoagulation. A catastrophic variant may develop, resulting in multiorgan failure, with high mortality rate. This article presented a patient with antiphospholipid syndrome presenting a catastrophic antiphospholipide syndrome after anticoagulation suspending for gastrointestinal bleeding. Multidisciplinary management in intensive care unit and aggressive therapies (corticosteroids, anticoagulation, plasma exchange) were essential to rescue the patient.

Topics: Anemia; Anticoagulants; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Biopsy; Catastrophic Illness; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hemoglobins; Hemostatics; Heparin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Platelet Count; Respiratory Insufficiency; Vitamin K

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anemia; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Anticoagulants; Biomarkers; Blood Coagulation Factors; Cardiotonic Agents; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Disease; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance; Electrocardiography; Exercise Therapy; Hemorrhage; Humans; Long-Term Care; Nitrates; Physical Examination; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Risk Assessment; Thrombin; Vitamin K

Jehovah's Witness followers do not accept blood derived transfusions and available methods for avoiding transfusion have been used with degrees of success, demonstrating that the probability of death after trauma in these patients may not be significantly different from religious groups. In this report, we describe the case of a child victim of a multiple trauma with severe anemia due to blood loss, whose family would not authorize blood transfusion because of their Jehovah's Witness faith. We discuss the current indications for restricting transfusion, as well as highlighting new tools that contribute to the success of minimizing blood loss, thus avoiding transfusion.

Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Anemia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Case Management; Child; Colloids; Combined Modality Therapy; Craniocerebral Trauma; Crystalloid Solutions; Culture; Debridement; Dopamine; Erythropoietin; Ferric Compounds; Fluid Therapy; Folic Acid; Hemorrhage; Humans; Isotonic Solutions; Jehovah's Witnesses; Male; Multiple Trauma; Plasma Substitutes; Vitamin K

A case of hemoperitoneum secondary to the rupture of an ovarian cyst is reported in a 14 1/2 year-old girl. The severity of the bleeding was explained by anticoagulant therapy given during the previous 3 weeks for laceration of ankle ligaments which necessitated surgery. In this age group, the differential diagnosis with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy had to be considered. The relative prevalence (10%) of complications associated with antivitamin K administration is discussed.

Topics: 4-Hydroxycoumarins; Acute Disease; Adolescent; Anemia; Anticoagulants; Female; Humans; Indenes; Ovarian Cysts; Rupture, Spontaneous; Vitamin K

Alcoholic hepatitis is the precursor of cirrhosis. Susceptibility is independent of amount and duration of ethanol intake or of diet. Centrilobular hyalin, the key morphologic abnormality, sensitizes lymphocytes to secrete factors which may account (in part) for necrosis, liver cell destruction, increased collagen synthesis and development of cirrhosis. Diagnosis may be facilitated by detection of alcoholic hyalin antigen (AHAg) and antibody (AHAb) in serum of patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Treatment requires abstinence. Steroids have not reduced mortality rates. Measures to improve immunologic reactivity may be helpful. Persons unable to abstain should be enrolled in a surveillance group.

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia; Animals; Diet; Ethanol; Hepatitis; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Pyridoxine; Rabbits; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin K

A young woman presented with a 2 year history of a severe bleeding disorder and marked deficiencies in all four vitamin-K-dependent factors. Metabolic studies with tracer doses of tritium-labelled vitamin K1 suggested that the patient might be taking an oral anticoagulant; and subsequently her plasma was found to contain a substance identical to phenindione in its spectrophotometric and chromatographic properties. The half-disappearance times of factors II, IX, X were measured after the administration of a concentrate of these factors and were found to conform with published figures. The concentrate controlled the patient's excessive bruising and prolonged skin and gingival bleeding. It would therefore seem that factor VII may not be essential in reversal of the bleeding disorder induced by anticoagulant overdose.

Topics: Adult; Anemia; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Coagulation Tests; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Diabetes Complications; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Hematemesis; Hematuria; Humans; Menorrhagia; Phenindione; Self Medication; Spectrum Analysis; Substance-Related Disorders; Vitamin K; Warfarin

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Anemia; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Blood Transfusion; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Ecchymosis; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Prognosis; Prothrombin; Prothrombin Time; Seizures; Spinal Puncture; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Thrombin; Thromboplastin; Vitamin K

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anemia; Animals; Dogs; Erythrocytes; Female; Haplorhini; Heinz Bodies; Hemoglobinometry; Hemorrhage; Liver; Male; Mice; Naphthoquinones; Prothrombin Time; Rats; Reticulocytes; Sex Factors; Species Specificity; Vitamin K

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Anemia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Tests; Ecchymosis; Female; Hematuria; Humans; Liver Diseases; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin K; Vitamin K Deficiency

Topics: Anemia; Angiography; Animals; Cats; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Dogs; Ecchymosis; Embolism; Fever; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hematoma; Hematuria; Hemorrhage; Hemothorax; Heparin; Humans; Hypotension; Ischemia; Leukocytosis; Shivering; Streptokinase; Thrombosis; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia; Celiac Disease; Diet Therapy; Dwarfism; Edema; Glutens; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Hypokalemia; Hypoproteinemia; Hypoprothrombinemias; Kidney Diseases; Malabsorption Syndromes; Osteomalacia; Vitamin K

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anorexia Nervosa; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Celiac Disease; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Diet Therapy; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sprue, Tropical; United Kingdom; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Vitamin K; Vitamins; Vomiting

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Avitaminosis; Cholestyramine Resin; Common Bile Duct; Diet; Diet Therapy; Diuretics; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Ion Exchange Resins; Jaundice; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary; Postoperative Complications; Prothrombin Time; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Erythrocytes; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucosephosphates; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Naphthalenes; Poisoning; Toxicology; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Chlorpromazine; Heparin; Humans; IgA Vasculitis; Iron; Methenamine; Nandrolone; Neurosurgery; Nitrofurantoin; Paraplegia; Phenindione; Postoperative Care; Prednisolone; Purpura; Rehabilitation; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Thrombophlebitis; Urinary Tract Infections; Venous Thrombosis; Vitamin K

Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Antimalarials; Antipyretics; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Female; Fetal Diseases; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucosephosphates; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Jaundice; Jaundice, Neonatal; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; North Carolina; Novobiocin; Pregnancy; Salicylates; Sulfisoxazole; Toxicology; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Blood Chemical Analysis; Drug Therapy; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Genetics, Medical; Glucose; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucosephosphates; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice; Jaundice, Neonatal; Kernicterus; Naphthalenes; Oxidoreductases; Phosphates; Toxicology; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Caseins; Erythropoiesis; Fats; Hematocrit; Humans; Liver Extracts; Pyridoxine; Research; Sucrose; Swine; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Blood Platelet Disorders; Factor VII Deficiency; Female; Humans; Hypoprothrombinemias; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Thrombocytopenia; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Transfusion; Child; Corrinoids; Cortisone; Diagnosis; Humans; Iron; Rutin; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Neonatal; Child; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Kernicterus; North Carolina; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Folic Acid; Humans; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Hematology; Humans; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Hematologic Diseases; Infant; Virus Diseases; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Child; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Jaundice; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; beta-Thalassemia; Child; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Liver Diseases; Splenomegaly; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Child; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Child; Humans; Inclusion Bodies; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Child; Humans; Infant; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Vitamin K

Topics: Anemia; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Rats; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Calcium; Humans; Iron; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Humans; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Humans; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Pernicious; Humans; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins