vitamin-k-1 and Body-Weight

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Animals; Blood Coagulation Factors; Body Weight; Chickens; Depression, Chemical; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Prothrombin; Prothrombin Time; Sex Factors; Stimulation, Chemical; Time Factors; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Warfarin

A synergistic interplay between vitamins K and D appears to exist. We aimed to investigate for the first time whether the associations of dietary vitamin K intake and circulating 25(OH)D with serum lipoprotein levels are influenced by the existence of deficiency of either or both vitamins K and D. Sixty individuals [24 males, 36(18-79) years old] were examined. Vitamin deficiency of K1 and D were defined as vitamin K1 intake/body weight (BW)<1.00 μg/kg/day and circulating 25(OH)D<20 ng/ml, respectively. In individuals with vitamin K1 deficiency, the vitamin K1 intake/BW correlated positively with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (r=0.509, p=0.008) and negatively with serum triglycerides (TG) (r=-0.638, p=0.001), whereas circulating 25(OH)D correlated negatively with TG (r=-0.609, p=0.001). In individuals with vitamin D deficiency, the vitamin K1 intake/BW correlated positively with HDL-C (r=0.533, p=0.001) and negatively with TG (r=-0.421, p=0.009), while circulating 25(OH)D correlated negatively with TG (r=-0.458, p=0.004). The above-mentioned associations of vitamin K1 intake/BW and circulating 25(OH)D with serum lipoproteins were not detected in individuals without vitamin K1 deficiency or the ones without vitamin D deficiency. The vitamin K2 intake/BW correlated negatively with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (r=-0.404, p=0.001). In conclusion, the associations of vitamin K1 intake with TG and HDL-C and of circulating 25(OH)D with TG were more pronounced in individuals with deficiency of either or both vitamins K1 and D. Increased dietary vitamin K2 intake was associated with decreased LDL-C.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins; Young Adult

To evaluate the effects of vitamin K1 on wound healing in the left colon of rats with experimental biliary obstruction.. Sixteen male rats, divided into four groups of four animals each (L, M, LK, and MK), underwent colostomy followed by bowel suture in the left colon. Seven days before, animals in the L and LK groups had undergone common bile duct ligation. The animals in groups MK and LK received vitamin K1 supplementation. On day 7 after bowel suture, repeat laparotomy was performed for evaluation of colonic healing by burst pressure measurement and collection of samples for histopathological analysis. Changes in body weight were evaluated in the four groups.. Weight loss was lower in animals supplemented with vitamin K. No significant differences were observed in burst pressure among the four groups (p>0.05). Histological analysis showed more hemorrhage and congestion in the biliary obstruction groups. Supplemented animals exhibited increased collagen formation and less edema and abscess formation.. Vitamin K supplementation attenuated weight loss and improved colonic wound healing in rats.

Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Animals; Bilirubin; Body Weight; Cholestasis, Extrahepatic; Colon; Colostomy; Common Bile Duct; Dietary Supplements; Jaundice, Obstructive; Laparotomy; Ligation; Male; Models, Animal; Random Allocation; Rats, Wistar; Tensile Strength; Vitamin K 1; Wound Healing

Menaquinone-4 is a type of vitamin K that has a physiological function in maintaining bone quality via γ-carboxylation of osteocalcin. However, little is known about the beneficial effect of intake of dosages below1500 μg/day.. Fifteen healthy males aged 25.0 years (median) participated in a non-placebo-controlled dose-examination study. They received menaquinone-4 daily for 5 weeks at 0, 300, 600, 900, and 1500 μg/day in weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Compared with baseline, serum γ-carboxylated osteocalcin levels were significantly greater at an intake of 900 μg/day or more; serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels and the ratio of serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin to γ-carboxylated osteocalcin were significantly lower than baseline at doses of 600 μg/day or more.. This preliminary graded-dose study suggested that menaquinone-4 supplementation at 600 μg/day or more is likely to be important in terms of vitamin K requirements for bone health.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Male; Osteocalcin; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Young Adult

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) hydrolyzes a variety of monophosphate esters into inorganic phosphoric acid and alcohol at a high optimal pH, and is thought to play an important role in phosphate metabolism. Intestinal ALP, located at the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells, is known to be affected by several kinds of nutrients, but little is known about the physiological function of intestinal ALP Vitamin K is an essential cofactor for the post-translational carboxylation of glutamate residues into gamma-carboxy glutamate (Gla). Recently, novel functions of vitamin K have been clarified, but no data exist on the relation between vitamin K and intestinal ALP. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of both vitamin Ks (K1: phylloquinone, and K2: menaquinone) on ALP activity. Sprague-Dawley rats (6-wk-old) were divided into three groups: a control, phylloquinone (PK: 600 mg/kg diet), or menaquinone-4 (MK-4: 600 mg/kg diet) diet group. After 3 mo of feeding, we measured intestinal ALP activity by dividing it into five segments. In each segment, both PK and MK-4 increased intestinal ALP activity. The levels of intestinal ALP activity in the duodenum and proximal jejunum from the PK group were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of intestinal ALP activity from the proximal jejunum and distal ileum of the intestine in the MK group were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). In this study, we clarified for the first time that both vitamin K1 and K2 as nutritional factors enhance intestinal ALP activity.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Body Weight; Diet; Eating; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Intestines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

The aims of this study were to determine the total body phylloquinone and its metabolic turnover in human subjects using a tracer dose of [5-H3]phylloquinone containing 4 MBq/mmol. Seven subjects aged 22 to 49 years were given 0.3 microg isotopic phylloquinone intravenously on a control diet (75 microg phylloquinone/d) and blood, urine and faeces were sampled periodically for 6 d. Five of these subjects were studied a second time after 3-8 weeks on a low-vitamin K diet (8 microg/d). The changes in the radioactivity of plasma phylloquinone with time were analysed by the method of residuals and fitted to a curve composed of two exponential components. The size of the exchangeable body pool was calculated by isotope dilution. Plasma phylloquinone levels fell during vitamin K restriction but the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors did not change. After injection the first exponential decay curve t1/2 was 1.0 (sd 0.47) h in the subjects on the control diet and 0.49 (sd 0.27) h after vitamin K restriction. On the control diet, the second exponential t1/2 was 27.6 (sd 124) h that did not change on the low-vitamin K diet ( (sd 13.5) h). These results indicate that the turnover time for phylloquinone in human subjects is about 1.5 d. Urinary excretion of 3H-metabolites ranged from 30 % of the administered dose on the control diet to 38 % on the restricted diet and had the same turnover rate as the second component of the plasma decay curves. The exchangeable body pool of phylloquinone declined from about 1.0 microg/kg before restriction to lower values after vitamin K restriction. The faecal excretion of phylloquinone and its metabolites fell from 32 % of the administered dose on the control diet to 13 % on the restricted diet.

Topics: Adult; Blood Coagulation Factors; Body Weight; Diet; Drug Administration Schedule; Feces; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prothrombin Time; Tritium; Vitamin K 1

The physiologic role of osteocalcin (OC), a vitamin K-dependent protein specific to bone, remains elusive. It has been shown that rats maintained on chronic treatment with vitamin K1 and its antagonist warfarin exhibit a marked decrease in bone osteocalcin because noncarboxylated osteocalcin does not bind to bone hydroxyapatite. To assess the role of OC in bone remodeling, we applied the warfarin model to growing lambs. We analyzed the bone changes after 3 months of concurrent warfarin and vitamin K1 treatment. Four groups of four lambs were constituted at birth and received daily a saline solution (control group, CT), 4 mg/kd/day of vitamin K1 (vitamin K group), 4 mg/kg/day of vitamin K1 + 75 or 150 mg/kg/day of warfarin (W75 and W150 group, respectively). In warfarin-treated animals, bone osteocalcin levels were decreased, both in the metaphysis (9% compared to controls) and the diaphysis (30% compared to controls) of the metacarpals. The fraction of noncarboxylated osteocalcin measured every month in the serum was significantly higher in warfarin-treated lambs than in controls at each timing point (37.6 +/- 2.6% in W75 and 48.7 +/- 5.2% in W150 versus 14.4 +/- 3.8% in controls at 3 months). Compared to non-warfarin-treated animals (NW), the main histomorphometric parameters measured on the iliac crest after tetracycline double labeling were significantly reduced in the warfarin-treated lambs: 12.2 +/- 5.2 versus 18.6 +/- 4.7% in NW (p < 0.03) for the cancellous bone area, which reflects the trabecular bone density; 14.7 +/- 6.1 versus 21.0 +/- 3.6% in NW (p < 0.03) for the eroded perimeter, and 0.315 +/- 0.064 versus 0.561 +/- 0.23 microns 3/microns 2/day in NW (p < 0.02) for the tetracycline-based bone formation rate. In conclusion, the depletion of osteocalcin in the bone of lambs induced within 3 months a marked osteopenia that resulted from a decrease in resorption and a more pronounced decrease in bone formation. Our data suggest that the presence of osteocalcin, the major gla-containing protein of bone, may be important for the maintenance of a normal bone mass and remodeling of trabecular bone.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bone Remodeling; Calcium; Creatinine; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Osteocalcin; Parathyroid Hormone; Radioimmunoassay; Random Allocation; Sheep; Vitamin K 1; Warfarin

Antibiotic therapy, using penicillins or cephalosporins, is frequently required in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Points to consider are dose adjustment for drugs which are excreted via the kidney, drug dialysability, and cumulation with frequent occurrence of side reactions, neurotoxicity and bleeding being the clinically most important ones. For third-generation cephalosporins with N-methylthiotetrazole side chain, impaired intrahepatic vitamin K metabolism may cause problems of hemostasis which can be avoided by dose adjustment and prophylactic administration of vitamin K1.

Topics: Bacterial Infections; Body Weight; Cephalosporins; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Hemorrhage; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kinetics; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Renal Dialysis; Tetrazoles; Vitamin K 1

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Body Weight; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Drug Synergism; Granuloma; Hypertrophy; Liver Glycogen; Organ Size; Pharmacology; Prednisolone; Rats; Research; Thymus Gland; Vitamin K 1