vitamin-k-1 and Acute-Disease

Topics: Acute Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Overdose; Ergot Alkaloids; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Medication Errors; Methylergonovine; Splanchnic Circulation; Vitamin K 1

The indications for transfusions are anemia compromising delivery of oxygen, acute blood loss, cardiopulmonary bypass, exchange transfusion, maintenance of hemostasis, and sepsis associated with granulocytopenia. When transfusion therapy is indicated, only that component of whole blood which is needed for correction of the problem should be given. The options for use each component have been discussed.

Topics: Acute Disease; Agranulocytosis; Anemia; Anemia, Aplastic; Blood Cells; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Blood Transfusion; Blood Transfusion, Autologous; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Colloids; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Erythrocytes; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Factor VIII; Female; Hemophilia A; Hemophilia B; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Pregnancy; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic; Thrombocytopenia; Vitamin K 1

In patients with severe acute liver dysfunction, i.v. phylloquinone (vitamin K1) may be given to exclude vitamin K deficiency, rather than impaired hepatic synthesis of coagulation factors alone, as the cause of the coagulopathy. However, there have been no studies of the pharmacokinetics or efficacy of i.v. or oral K1 in such patients.. 49 adults with severe acute liver disease were randomised double-blind to a single 10 mg dose of i.v. or oral mixed-micellar K(1), or placebo. Serum levels of phylloquinone and undercarboxylated prothrombin (PIVKA-II) were assessed before and after treatment.. At admission, 13 patients (27%) had either low serum K1 levels or elevated PIVKA-II concentrations, indicative of subclinical vitamin K deficiency. In the 16 patients who received i.v. K1, there was one (6%) treatment failure (K1 rise <10 ng/ml above baseline), compared with 12 of the 15 (80%) who received oral K1 (P<0.0001). One patient in the placebo group developed overt vitamin K deficiency.. A minority of patients with severe acute liver dysfunction have subclinical vitamin K deficiency at the time of presentation, which is corrected by a single dose of i.v. K1. The intestinal absorption of mixed-micellar K1 is unreliable in adults with severe acute liver dysfunction.

Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Double-Blind Method; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intestinal Absorption; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Vitamin K 1

Vitamin K1 is frequently used in the treatment and prevention of hypoprothrombinemia and hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. It also serves as an antidote to anticoagulants. Erythematous, indurated, pruritic plaques uncommonly occur in adults after intramuscular injection with vitamin K1. We present a case of a localized cutaneous reaction to intramuscular vitamin K1 in a peripartum patient with acute fatty liver of pregnancy. The history and clinical presentation of our case is presented with a discussion of the pathogenesis pathogenesis of vitamin K1 and available treatment for this condition.

Topics: Acute Disease; Drug Eruptions; Drug Hypersensitivity; Eczema; Erythema; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Hypoprothrombinemias; Injections, Intramuscular; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Puerperal Disorders; Vitamin K 1; Young Adult

The role of erythrocytes in realization of interrelation of the immunomodulating effects of lysozyme and naphthoquinones in normal and under conditions of acute hemorrhage was studied. Interaction of lysozyme and menadione at the level of intact erythrocytes and their stroma resulted in formation of highly efficient immunomodulating factors. The effect of such factors under conditions of acute hemorrhage was mediated by cytokines of the spleen macrophagael cells.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Drug Synergism; Erythrocytes; Hemorrhage; Leukocytes; Muramidase; Naphthoquinones; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spleen; Vitamin K 1; Vitamin K 3

Topics: Acute Disease; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Blood Cell Count; Blood Coagulation Factors; Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood Platelets; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Factor IX; Factor V; Factor VII; Factor X; Factor XIII; Female; Fibrinogen; Heparin; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Methods; Prothrombin; Serum Globulins; Solubility; Vitamin K 1

Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biotransformation; Chronic Disease; Ethers; Fructose; Half-Life; Hepatitis A; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Diseases; Middle Aged; Pyrimidines; Renal Dialysis; Spectrophotometry; Sulfonamides; Tolbutamide; Transaminases; Vitamin K 1; Vitamins

Topics: Acute Disease; Age Factors; Anticoagulants; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Sex Factors; Thromboembolism; Time Factors; Vitamin K 1