vitamin-d-2 and Fractures--Bone

As the population of people living with HIV ages, the increase in non-AIDs morbidities is expected to increase in parallel. Maintaining bone health in those with HIV will be an important area of focus for the HIV clinician to prevent the morbidity and mortality associated with fragility fractures, the principal clinical sequela of low bone mineral density (BMD). Rates of fractures and prevalence of low bone mineral density, a risk factor for future fragility fractures, are already increased in the HIV positive population.. This review examines the strategies to maintain bone health in those living with HIV from screening through to managing those with established low BMD or fracture, including the role for choice of or modification of antiretroviral therapy to maintain bone health. Expert commentary: The increasing complexity of managing bone health in the age of succesful antiretroviral therapy and an aging patient population as well as future perspectives which may help achieve the long term aim of minimising the impact of low BMD in those with HIV are discussed and explored.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Cholecalciferol; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; HIV Infections; Humans; Osteoporosis; Risk Factors

Falls are a major health problem in elderly individuals. Although intensive physical therapy and management of hazards in the home can reduce falls by 25%, long-term practicality limits their use. Interest in vitamin D as a medical therapy has led to many trials; however, results using daily oral doses of vitamin D have been inconsistent. In the past 5 years, studies on the effect of bolus doses of vitamin D have produced surprising results. Bolus doses of vitamin D, given annually (at a dose of 300,000 IU or 500,000 IU) or monthly (at a dose of 24,000 IU or 60,000 IU) - equivalent to approximate daily doses of 800 IU, 1400 IU and 2,000 IU - result in a significant increase in the number of falls and fractures associated with serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D greater than 40-45 ng/ml (equivalent to 100-112 nmol/l). These unexpected results show increased falls and fractures are adverse events related to vitamin D administration. Until further safety data is available, bolus dosing or daily doses should not exceed 3,000 IU and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D should not exceed 40-45 ng/ml (equivalent to 100-112 nmol/l) in elderly individuals.

Topics: Accidental Falls; Cholecalciferol; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Physical Therapy Modalities; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in hemodialysis patients is high. While most hemodialysis patients are treated with activated vitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) to prevent renal osteodystrophy, clinical practices of the screening and treatment of 25(OH)2D deficiency are highly variable. It is unclear if nutritional vitamin D supplementation with D2 or D3 provides an additional clinical benefit beyond that provided by activated vitamin D treatment in this population.. We will conduct a systematic review of nutritional vitamin D (D2/D3) supplementation and health-related outcomes in hemodialysis patients according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The primary objective is to assess the impact of nutritional vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes relevant in hemodialysis patients, such as mortality, cardiovascular events, infections, and fractures. Secondary outcomes will include anemia, hyperparathyroidism, medication use (erythrocyte-stimulating agents, activated vitamin D), and quality of life. We will search MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomized, controlled trials of nutritional vitamin D supplementation (ergocalciferol/D2 or cholecalciferol/D3) in chronic hemodialysis patients. The Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool will be used to assess the quality of eligible studies. We will perform meta-analyses using standard techniques for the outcomes listed above if pooling is deemed appropriate/sufficient. The results of this systematic review may highlight gaps in our knowledge of the relevance of nutritional vitamin D in end-stage renal disease, allowing for the informed design of clinical trials assessing the impact of nutritional vitamin D therapy in the hemodialysis population in the future.. PROSPERO CRD42014013931.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholecalciferol; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Clinical Protocols; Dietary Supplements; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Infections; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Research Design; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Child Abuse; Diagnosis, Differential; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Infant; Risk Factors; Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D is known for its role in calcium homeostasis for optimal skeletal health. It was previously believed that only elderly or hospitalized patients were at risk for vitamin D insufficiency, but many people in the general US population have insufficient levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D). According to the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 61% of white and 91% of black Americans suffer from vitamin D insufficiency (25D < 32 ng/mL). Recent studies have demonstrated that a minimum 25(OH)D level of 32 ng/mL is necessary for optimal protection from fracture and intestinal absorption of calcium. Recently, vitamin D has been recognized as important for extraskeletal functions such as immune function, cancer prevention, and hypertension prevention. We review the role of vitamin D in skeletal health and present data on vitamin D in other extraskeletal diseases, with special emphasis on the rheumatology patient.

Topics: Accidental Falls; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcium; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Osteogenesis; Rheumatic Diseases; Vitamin D Deficiency

The role and dose of oral vitamin D supplementation in nonvertebral fracture prevention have not been well established.. To estimate the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in preventing hip and nonvertebral fractures in older persons.. A systematic review of English and non-English articles using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (1960-2005), and EMBASE (1991-2005). Additional studies were identified by contacting clinical experts and searching bibliographies and abstracts presented at the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (1995-2004). Search terms included randomized controlled trial (RCT), controlled clinical trial, random allocation, double-blind method, cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, fractures, humans, elderly, falls, and bone density.. Only double-blind RCTs of oral vitamin D supplementation (cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol) with or without calcium supplementation vs calcium supplementation or placebo in older persons (> or =60 years) that examined hip or nonvertebral fractures were included.. Independent extraction of articles by 2 authors using predefined data fields, including study quality indicators.. All pooled analyses were based on random-effects models. Five RCTs for hip fracture (n = 9294) and 7 RCTs for nonvertebral fracture risk (n = 9820) met our inclusion criteria. All trials used cholecalciferol. Heterogeneity among studies for both hip and nonvertebral fracture prevention was observed, which disappeared after pooling RCTs with low-dose (400 IU/d) and higher-dose vitamin D (700-800 IU/d), separately. A vitamin D dose of 700 to 800 IU/d reduced the relative risk (RR) of hip fracture by 26% (3 RCTs with 5572 persons; pooled RR, 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.88) and any nonvertebral fracture by 23% (5 RCTs with 6098 persons; pooled RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.68-0.87) vs calcium or placebo. No significant benefit was observed for RCTs with 400 IU/d vitamin D (2 RCTs with 3722 persons; pooled RR for hip fracture, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.88-1.50; and pooled RR for any nonvertebral fracture, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.86-1.24).. Oral vitamin D supplementation between 700 to 800 IU/d appears to reduce the risk of hip and any nonvertebral fractures in ambulatory or institutionalized elderly persons. An oral vitamin D dose of 400 IU/d is not sufficient for fracture prevention.

Topics: Aged; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamin D

The Health Council of the Netherlands has issued a report on the recommended use of calcium, vitamin D and a number of other vitamins. The recommendations for calcium and vitamin D have been adjusted (upward) in view of recent evidence that these nutrients affect the occurrence of osteoporosis and bone fractures in all stages of life.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Calcifediol; Calcitriol; Calcium Channel Agonists; Calcium, Dietary; Child; Cholecalciferol; Dietary Supplements; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Netherlands; Nutrition Policy; Osteoporosis; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Calcitriol; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Osteoporosis

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Calcifediol; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Delayed-Action Preparations; Ergocalciferols; Female; Fractures, Bone; Health Expenditures; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Male; Markov Chains; Medicare; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Risk Factors; United States

Osteoporotic fractures in older people are a major and increasing public health problem. We examined the effect of vitamin D supplementation on fracture rate in people living in sheltered accommodation.. In a pragmatic double blind randomised controlled trial of 3 years duration, we examined 3,440 people (2,624 women and 816 men) living in residential or care home. We used four-monthly oral supplementation using 100,000 IU vitamin D(2) (ergocalciferol). As a main outcome measure, we used the incidence of first fracture using an intention to treat analysis. This was a multicentre study in 314 care homes or sheltered accommodation complexes in South Wales, UK.. The vitamin D and placebo groups had similar baseline characteristics. In intention-to-treat analysis, 205 first fractures occurred in the intervention group during a total of 2,846 person years of follow-up (7 fractures per 100 people per year of follow-up), with 218 first fractures in the control group over 2,860 person years of follow-up. The hazard ratio of 0.95 (95% confidence interval 0.79-1.15) for intervention compared to control was not statistically significant.. Supplementation with four-monthly 100,000 IU of oral vitamin D(2) is not sufficient to affect fracture incidence among older people living in institutional care.

Topics: Aged; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Ergocalciferols; Female; Fractures, Bone; Homes for the Aged; Humans; Male; Nursing Homes; Osteoporosis; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome

To determine whether vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of fracture or falls in elderly people in care home accommodation.. A randomised controlled trial of cluster design.. 223 Residential units (mainly identical 30-bedded units), within 118 homes for elderly people throughout Britain, with 3,717 participating residents (76% women, average age 85 years). The units provided mainly or entirely residential care (35% of residents), nursing care (42%) or care for elderly mentally infirm (EMI) residents (23%).. Participants were randomly allocated by residential unit (cluster design) to a treated group offered ergocalciferol 2.5 mg every 3 months (equivalent to a daily dose of 1,100 IU), or to a control group. Fractures were reported by staff and confirmed in hospital, and routinely collected data on reported falls were obtained.. After median follow-up of 10 months (interquartile range 7-14 months), 64 (3.6%) of 1,762 vitamin D-treated residents and 51 (2.6%) of 1,955 controls had one or more non-vertebral fractures, and 24 (1.3%) and 20 (1.0%), respectively, had a hip fracture. The proportion reporting at least one fall was 44% in vitamin D-treated and 43% in control residents. The differences between the vitamin D and control groups were not statistically significant. The incidence of all non-vertebral fractures in the care homes (3.2% per year) and of hip fractures (1.1% per year) was low, similar to rates in elderly people in sheltered accommodation, and the pre-treatment serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentration was high [median 47 nmol/l, measured in a 1% (n = 18) sample].. We found no evidence that vitamin D prevents fractures or falls in elderly people in care home accommodation.

Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcium; Ergocalciferols; Female; Fractures, Bone; Homes for the Aged; Humans; Male; Parathyroid Hormone; Phosphates; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin D; Vitamins

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).\ \ This article has been retracted at the request of the Corresponding Author, Yoshihiro Sato, and the co-authors have been informed.\ \ Dr. Sato wishes to retract this article on the grounds that it contains fabricated clinical trial data, which he was responsible for producing. In addition, Dr. Sato claims he listed all of the named co-authors without their consent. The co-authors were therefore unaware of the presence of fabricated data in this publication and their participation in the publication. This retraction was initiated by Dr. Sato, and the Editor-in-Chief of Bone was informed by the author directly.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Bone Density; Calcium; Ergocalciferols; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Vitamin K 2

To determine whether vitamin D supplementation can reduce the incidence of falls and fractures in older people in residential care who are not classically vitamin D deficient.. Randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind, trial of 2 years' duration.. Multicenter study in 60 hostels (assisted living facilities) and 89 nursing homes across Australia.. Six hundred twenty-five residents (mean age 83.4) with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between 25 and 90 nmol/L.. Vitamin D supplementation (ergocalciferol, initially 10,000 IU given once weekly and then 1,000 IU daily) or placebo for 2 years. All subjects received 600 mg of elemental calcium daily as calcium carbonate.. Falls and fractures recorded prospectively in study diaries by care staff.. The vitamin D and placebo groups had similar baseline characteristics. In intention-to-treat analysis, the incident rate ratio for falling was 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.57-0.95). The odds ratio for ever falling was 0.82 (95% CI=0.59-1.12) and for ever fracturing was 0.69 (95% CI=0.40-1.18). An a priori subgroup analysis of subjects who took at least half the prescribed capsules (n=540), demonstrated an incident rate ratio for falls of 0.63 (95% CI=0.48-0.82), an odds ratio (OR) for ever falling of 0.70 (95% CI=0.50-0.99), and an OR for ever fracturing of 0.68 (95% CI=0.38-1.22).. Older people in residential care can reduce their incidence of falls if they take a vitamin D supplement for 2 years even if they are not initially classically vitamin D deficient.

Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Calcium Carbonate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Ergocalciferols; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fractures, Bone; Frail Elderly; Geriatric Assessment; Homes for the Aged; Humans; Male; Nursing Homes; Odds Ratio; Patient Compliance; Prospective Studies; Residential Facilities; Victoria

Osteoporosis is a major health threat nowadays. Aging of the population and changes in peoples' lifestyle result in a constant increase in the number of fractures all over the world. Our study aimed at describing the drug utilization pattern and choice of active substances of antiosteoporotic medicines in the Baltic countries.. Sales data of the antiosteoporotic medicines was obtained from the internet. These are available on the website of medicines regulatory agencies. The World Health Organization (WHO) methodology of Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and defined daily dose (DDD) was used to compare the data among countries.. During the study period the consumption of antiosteoporotic medicines was rather stable in all the countries. The overall choice of active substances used to treat osteoporosis is similar in all the Baltic countries but the market shares of substances were different. Estonia stands out with high use of combination product of alendronic acid and colecalciferol. In Latvia the highest consumption was of risedronic acid. In Lithuania the most used active substance in 2014 was ibandronic acid and second was denosumab with 0.8 daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) and 25% of the total share.. The differences in consumption of drugs against osteoporosis in the Baltic countries are not very big. The consumption of antiosteoporotic drugs is not to be regarded as sufficient though. The generally low consumption of osteoporotic medicines in the Baltic countries can be attributed to the overall less than EU average wealth of the countries and less than optimal expenditure on healthcare out of the GDP.

Topics: Alendronate; Baltic States; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcium Channel Blockers; Denosumab; Diphosphonates; Drug Utilization; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Ibandronic Acid; Osteoporosis; Risedronic Acid

The relationships among cortical volumetric bone mineral density (CortBMD) and comprehensive measures of mineral metabolism have not been addressed in chronic kidney disease (CKD).. The aim of the study was to identify the determinants of CortBMD in childhood CKD. A secondary objective was to assess whether CortBMD was associated with subsequent fracture.. This prospective cohort study included 171 children, adolescents, and young adults (aged 5-21 years) with CKD stages 2-5D at enrollment and 89 1 year later.. Serum measures included vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)₂D), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D], vitamin D-binding protein, intact PTH, fibroblast growth factor 23, calcium, and phosphorus. Tibia quantitative computed tomography measures of CortBMD were expressed as sex-, race-, and age-specific Z-scores based on 675 controls. Multivariable linear regression identified the independent correlates of CortBMD Z-scores and the change in CortBMD Z-scores.. Lower calcium (β = .31/1 mg/dL, P = .01) and 25(OH)D (β = .18/10 ng/mL, P = .04) and higher PTH (β = -.02/10%, P = .002) and 1,25(OH)₂D (β = -.07/10%, P < .001) were independently associated with lower CortBMD Z-scores at baseline. The correlations of total, free, and bioavailable 25(OH)D with CortBMD did not differ. Higher baseline 1,25(OH)₂D (P < .05) and greater increases in PTH (P < .001) were associated with greater declines in CortBMD Z-scores. Greater increases in calcium concentrations were associated with greater increases in CortBMD Z-scores in growing children (interaction P = .009). The hazard ratio for fracture was 1.75 (95% confidence interval 1.15-2.67; P = .009) per SD lower baseline CortBMD.. Greater PTH and 1,25(OH)₂D and lower calcium concentrations were independently associated with baseline and progressive cortical deficits in childhood CKD. Lower CortBMD Z-score was associated with increased fracture risk.

Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Adult; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Development; Bone Resorption; Calcitriol; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Parathyroid Hormone; Prospective Studies; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Risk; United States; Young Adult

To report a case of hypervitaminosis D resulting in hypercalcemia and acute kidney injury in a 70-year-old female who was prescribed a standard dose of vitamin D but given a toxic dose of vitamin D 50,000 IU (1.25 mg) daily resulting from a dispensing error.. A 70-year-old female in her usual state of health was instructed to begin supplementation with vitamin D 1000 IU daily. Three months later she developed confusion, slurred speech, unstable gait, and increased fatigue. She was hospitalized for hypercalcemia and acute kidney injury secondary to hypervitaminosis D. All vitamin D supplementation was discontinued and 5 months after discharge, the patient's serum calcium and vitamin D concentrations, as well as renal function, had returned to baseline values. Upon review of the patient's records, it was discovered that she had been taking vitamin D 50,000 IU daily.. There is an increased interest in vitamin D, resulting in more health care providers recommending--and patients taking--supplemental vitamin D. Hypervitaminosis D is rarely reported and generally only in the setting of gross excess of vitamin D. This report highlights a case of hypervitaminosis D in the setting of a prescribed standard dose of vitamin D that resulted in toxic ingestion of vitamin D 50,000 IU daily due to a dispensing error. As more and more people use vitamin D supplements, it is important to recognize that, while rare, hypervitaminosis D is a possibility and dosage conversion of vitamin D units can result in errors.. Health care providers and patients should be educated on the advantages and risks associated with vitamin D supplementation and be informed of safety measures to avoid hypervitaminosis D. In addition, health care providers should understand dosage conversion regarding vitamin D and electronic prescribing and dispensing software should be designed to detect such errors.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Aged; Cholecalciferol; Confusion; Drug Dosage Calculations; Ergocalciferols; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Medication Errors; Treatment Outcome

Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged, 80 and over; Algorithms; Biomarkers; Black or African American; Blood Chemical Analysis; Bone and Bones; Cholecalciferol; Decision Making; Drug Monitoring; Ergocalciferols; Female; Fractures, Bone; Hip Fractures; Humans; Osteoporosis; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D is essential for intestinal calcium absorption, bone mineralisation and plays an important role in neuromuscular functions. Vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and in the elderly. In turn, supplements of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), and to a lesser extent vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol), may decrease falls and fracture risk by 25%. Despite some recent negative studies, the actual question is not to know whether vitamin D is necessary, but rather how much vitamin D is sufficient to prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism, falls and fractures. Moreover, the risk of osteoporosis and of fragility fractures may be influenced by genetic variation in the vitamin D receptor (VDR).

Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Ergocalciferols; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Intestinal Absorption; Neuromuscular Junction; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Receptors, Calcitriol; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Topics: Bone Density Conservation Agents; Cholecalciferol; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Vitamin D

In order to investigate the effect of a supplementation of vitamin D in the prophylaxis of fractures of the bones of aged people, an annual intramuscular injection of ergocalciferol (150,000-300,000 IU) was given to two series of aged subjects: first to 199 (45 male) of 479 subjects (110 male) aged more than 85 years who were living in their own home, and second to 142 (29 male) of 320 (58 male) subjects aged 75-84 and living in a home for aged people. This prospective series was divided into treatment groups according to month of birth. These injections were given annually from September to December in the years 1985-1989, two to five times to each participant. The fracture rates, laboratory values, vitamin D levels, possible side effects, and mortality were followed until October 1990. A total of 56 fractures occurred in the 341 vitamin D recipients (16.4%) and 100 in 458 controls (21.8%) (P = 0.034). The fracture rate was about the same in both outpatient and municipal home series. Fractures of the upper limb were fewer in the vitamin D recipients, 10/341 = 2.9% (P = 0.025), than in the controls, 28/458 = 6.1%, during the follow-up. A similar result was obtained in fractures of ribs, 3/341 = 0.9% and 12/458 = 2.6%, respectively. Fractures of the lower limbs occurred almost as frequently, 31/341 = 9.1%, among the vitamin D recipients as among the controls, 49/458 = 10.7%. The fracture rate was higher in females (22.2%) than in males (9.5%). The fractures were fewer in the vitamin D recipients only in females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Aged; Aging; Ergocalciferols; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Incidence; Male; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Prospective Studies; Sex Factors

Calcium and phosphorus balances and 47Ca turnover studies were performed before and after 12-27 months of daily treatment with sodium fluoride (60 mg), calcium (30-45 mmol), phosphate (29-44 mmol), and vitamin D2 (18,000 IU) in 20 postmenopausal women with spinal crush fracture osteoporosis. Before treatment the mean calcium balance (-1.6 mmol Ca/day) was negative (P less than 0.05), whereas the mean phosphorus balance (-1.6 mmol P/day) did not differ from zero (P greater than 0.10). The treatment induced an increase in calcium absorption (P less than 0.01) with an unchanged renal excretion and dermal loss of calcium and an increase (P less than 0.02) in calcium balance, which became positive (P less than 0.01) (+3.3 mmol Ca/day). This enhancement in calcium balance was obtained by the combined effects of an increase (P less than 0.05) in bone mineralization rate and a decrease (P less than 0.05) in bone resorption rate. The observed increase in net phosphorus absorption (P less than 0.001) was more pronounced than the increase in renal excretion of phosphorus (P less than 0.001), and the phosphorus balance therefore increased (P less than 0.001) and became positive (P less than 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between net calcium and net phosphorus absorption (r = 0.065; (P less than 0.001) in the 32 studies where both calcium and phosphorus balance data were available. Furthermore, a positive correlation (r = 0.61; P less than 0.05) was found between the changes in net calcium and net phosphorus absorption during treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Aged; Bone and Bones; Bone Resorption; Calcium; Calcium Phosphates; Ergocalciferols; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Menopause; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Phosphorus; Sodium Fluoride; Spinal Injuries; Time Factors

Serum parathyroid hormone and 25 hydroxyvitamin D were measured in 124 normal subjects aged from 20 to 90 years. There was a significant progressive increase in serum parathyroid levels with age associated with a progressive decrease in total serum calcium. After the sixth decade there was a significant reduction of 25 hydroxyvitamin D serum levels. In each age group, there were no significant differences between men and women in all parameters measured. In normal elderly subjects there is an age-related decline of calcium absorption associated with reduced calcium intake and sun exposure leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism. These results emphasize the importance of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in elderly European population, not only in long-stay patients but in ambulatory normal people after 60 years.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Adult; Aged; Aging; Calcium; Ergocalciferols; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Parathyroid Hormone

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aging; Calcium; Ergocalciferols; Estrogens; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Male; Menopause; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Sex Factors; United States

Topics: Adolescent; Calcium; Child; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Congenital Abnormalities; Drug Therapy; Dwarfism; Ear Deformities, Acquired; Ear, External; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Metabolism; Radiography

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Bone Diseases; Calcinosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Infant; Osteoporosis; Radiography; Rickets; Scurvy; Streptomycin; Vitamin A

Topics: Animals; Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Osteogenesis; Parathyroidectomy; Vitamin D

Topics: Ergocalciferols; Fractures, Bone; Humans