vitamin-d-2 and Carcinoma

Topics: Bone Diseases; Calcium; Carcinoma; Cholecalciferol; Chromatin; Dihydroxycholecalciferols; Ergocalciferols; Homeostasis; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Liver; Liver Diseases; Parathyroid Diseases; Receptors, Drug; Skin Diseases; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D has been suggested as a chemopreventive and therapeutic modality for prostate cancer. However, hypercalcemic toxicity has limited the use of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25-(OH)(2)D(3)) in clinical trials, prompting the search for analogs of vitamin D with less toxicity while retaining efficacy as a modality for cancer intervention. In this study, the less hypercalcemic vitamin D analog 1alpha,24-dihydroxyvitamin D(2) (1,24-(OH)(2)D(2)) was examined for its effects on cellular growth inhibition and differentiation induction in the LNCaP human prostate carcinoma cell line.. LNCaP cell growth was determined by quantifying DNA levels. Protein levels were determined using the ELISA method and immunoblotting. Levels of mRNA were determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.. LNCaP growth was decreased 50% by exposure to 0.01 nM 1,24-(OH)(2)D(2) after 96 hr in the presence of a growth stimulatory 0.1 nM dose of the androgen R1881. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were increased 3.5-fold with 10 nM 1,24-(OH)(2)D(2) treatment compared to a 1.9-fold increase in PSA levels found with 10 nM 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) under low androgen conditions. Neither 1,24-(OH)(2)D(2) nor 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) affected the expression of cytokeratin 18 protein levels. Treatment with 10 nM 1,24-(OH)(2)D(2) alone produced a 1.3-fold increase in AR mRNA and a 2.2-fold increase in AR protein levels after 96 hr. Surprisingly, the addition of 1.0 nM R1881 alone or in combination with 10 nM 1,24-(OH)(2)D(2) produced an approximately 60% decrease in AR mRNA, whereas AR protein levels were increased 1.6-fold.. Overall, 1,24-(OH)(2)D(2) was found to be at least as effective as 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) at inhibiting growth and inducing differentiation markers in LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells and may thus prove useful in prostate cancer treatment.

Topics: Blotting, Western; Calcitriol; Carcinoma; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; DNA, Neoplasm; Ergocalciferols; Humans; Male; Metribolone; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Receptors, Androgen; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Testosterone Congeners; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Serum calcium, phosphorus, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] were measured in 6 women and 2 men with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, 22 normal subjects, 5 patients with chronic renal failure, and 5 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels were significantly higher in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and lower in patients with chronic renal failure than in normal subjects. In patients with medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, the serum calcitonin levels were elevated, but the parathyroid hormone and 1,25-(OH)2D levels were within normal ranges. The serum 25OHD levels were not significantly different in any group. It is concluded that chronic elevation of serum calcitonin has no effect on the serum 1,25-(OH)2D level.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Adolescent; Adult; Calcitonin; Calcitriol; Carcinoma; Ergocalciferols; Female; Humans; Hypoparathyroidism; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Neoplasms

A case of hypophosphataemic osteomalacia occurring in association with a carcinoma of prostate is described. Although only palliative treatment to the primary tumour was possible, worthwhile remission of bone symptoms, due to osteomalacia, was achieved with pharmacological doses of vitamin D. The presence of extensive skeletal metastases modified the radiological features of osteomalacia. Major alterations in the distribution of calcium within the skeleton were observed during a period when total body calcium remained unaltered. This observation may be of relevance to other cases in which osteosclerotic metastases develop.

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Aged; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Bone Neoplasms; Calcium; Carcinoma; Ergocalciferols; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Osteomalacia; Prostatic Neoplasms; Radiography; Vitamin D

Topics: Carcinogenesis; Carcinogens; Carcinoma; Ergocalciferols; Humans; Isoniazid; Lupus Vulgaris; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasms; Pathology; Skin Neoplasms; Toxicology

Topics: Animals; Benz(a)Anthracenes; Benzopyrenes; Carcinoma; Ergocalciferols; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Vitamin D