Page last updated: 2024-08-26

vinpocetine and Disease Models, Animal

vinpocetine has been researched along with Disease Models, Animal in 36 studies

Research

Studies (36)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19902 (5.56)18.7374
1990's2 (5.56)18.2507
2000's6 (16.67)29.6817
2010's16 (44.44)24.3611
2020's10 (27.78)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Abrams, RPM; Bachani, M; Balasubramanian, A; Brimacombe, K; Dorjsuren, D; Eastman, RT; Hall, MD; Jadhav, A; Lee, MH; Li, W; Malik, N; Nath, A; Padmanabhan, R; Simeonov, A; Steiner, JP; Teramoto, T; Yasgar, A; Zakharov, AV1
Braisted, J; Dranchak, P; Earnest, TW; Gu, X; Hoon, MA; Inglese, J; Oliphant, E; Solinski, HJ1
Bucki, A; Chłoń-Rzepa, G; Funk, P; Gawalska, A; Lemrová, B; Nowak, B; Pawłowski, M; Pociecha, K; Ručilová, V; Soural, M; Świerczek, A; Vanda, D; Wyska, E; Zadrożna, M; Zajdel, P1
Choi, WS; Il Park, T; Kang, HS; Kim, JH; Lee, J-; Song, JY1
Adeyemi, OO; Awogbindin, IO; Ishola, IO; Olajiga, AE; Olubodun-Obadun, TG1
Deng, C; Fu, B; Liu, N; Xu, Y; Zheng, Y1
Komatsu, K; Lee, JY; Li, JD; Nam, DH; Yan, C; Yoneda, G1
Komaki, A; Raoufi, S; Salehi, I; Sarihi, A; Shahidi, S; Shekarian, M1
Abdelzaher, WY; Ahmed, SM; Batiha, GE; Kamel, MY; Marraiki, N; Welson, NN1
Gao, Y; Han, D; Liu, H; Sun, M; Wang, J; Wen, L1
Choi, WS; Kang, HS; Kim, HJ; Lee, JY; Lee, WT; Sohn, UD1
Kulkarni, GT; Luhach, K; Sharma, B; Singh, VP1
Li, JD; Wu, MP; Xu, X; Yan, C; Zhang, YS; Zhou, Q1
El-Tanbouly, DM; Wadie, W1
Acosta, ML; Kalloniatis, M; Khoo, P; Nivison-Smith, L2
Abu Hashim, MM; Alhusseiny, SM; El-Beshbishi, SN; El-Nemr, HEE; Handoussa, AE1
Alves-Filho, JC; Bernardy, CCF; Borghi, SM; Casagrande, R; Cunha, FQ; Cunha, TM; Domiciano, TP; Fattori, V; Lourenco-Gonzalez, Y; Rossaneis, AC; Verri, WA; Zaninelli, TH1
Ding-Sheng, L; Sen-Min, W; Xiao-Xiao, T1
Fan, F; Li, H; Li, S; Lu, Y; Peng, W; Wang, K; Xu, Y; Zhuang, J1
Acosta, ML; Guo, CX; Kalloniatis, M; Nivison-Smith, L; O'Brien, BJ; Truong, M1
Komatsu, K; Lee, BC; Lee, JY; Li, JD; Miyata, M; O'Neill Bohn, A; Xu, H; Yan, C1
Gupta, S; Sharma, B; Sharma, BM; Singh, P1
Grave, K; Hering, L; Hoch, H; Mergia, E; Potthoff, SA; Rump, LC; Sivritas, SH; Stegbauer, J; Thieme, M; Yang, G1
Nekrassov, V; Sitges, M1
Felszeghy, K; Keijser, JN; Luiten, PG; Nyakas, C; Szabó, R; Szombathelyi, Z; Tihanyi, K1
Krahe, TE; Medina, AE; Wang, W1
Abreu-Villaça, Y; Ferreira-Rosa, K; Filgueiras, CC; Kubrusly, RC; Manhães, AC; Nunes, F; Pereira, Mdos S1
Altınlı, E; Eroğlu, E; Güneş, P; Köksal, N; Onur, E; Senger, S; Sümer, A1
Dézsi, L; Kárpáti, E; Kis-Varga, I; Komlódi, Z; Nagy, J1
Krahe, TE; Medina, AE; Ramoa, AS1
Csillik, B; Farkas, I; Knyihár-Csillik, E; Krisztin-Péva, B; Mihály, A1
Bönöczk, P; Chou, YH; Farde, L; Gulyás, B; Halldin, C; Karlsson, P; Swahn, CG1
Kosztyła-Hojna, B1
Beck, T; Bielenberg, GW; Krieglstein, J; Mennel, HD; Rischke, R; Rossberg, C; Sauer, D1
Akopov, SE; Gabrielian, ES; Sarkisian, SB1

Other Studies

36 other study(ies) available for vinpocetine and Disease Models, Animal

ArticleYear
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49

    Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Artificial Intelligence; Chlorocebus aethiops; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Immunocompetence; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Methacycline; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Protease Inhibitors; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Small Molecule Libraries; Vero Cells; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection

2020
Inhibition of natriuretic peptide receptor 1 reduces itch in mice.
    Science translational medicine, 2019, 07-10, Volume: 11, Issue:500

    Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cell-Free System; Dermatitis, Contact; Disease Models, Animal; Ganglia, Spinal; Humans; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Neurons; Pruritus; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Reproducibility of Results; Signal Transduction; Small Molecule Libraries

2019
New imidazopyridines with phosphodiesterase 4 and 7 inhibitory activity and their efficacy in animal models of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
    European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2021, Jan-01, Volume: 209

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 7; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Inflammation; Male; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Pyridines; Rats, Wistar

2021
Effects of vinpocetine on atopic dermatitis after administration via three different routes in HR-1 hairless mice.
    Die Pharmazie, 2022, 01-03, Volume: 77, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Dermatitis, Atopic; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Mice; Mice, Hairless; Skin; Vinca Alkaloids

2022
Vinpocetine prevents rotenone-induced Parkinson disease motor and non-motor symptoms through attenuation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and α-synuclein expressions in rats.
    Neurotoxicology, 2023, Volume: 96

    Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Parkinson Disease; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rotenone

2023
Applying vinpocetine to reverse synaptic ultrastructure by regulating BDNF-related PSD-95 in alleviating schizophrenia-like deficits in rat.
    Comprehensive psychiatry, 2019, Volume: 94

    Topics: Animals; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Disease Models, Animal; Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; Ketamine; Male; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Schizophrenia; Synapses; Vinca Alkaloids

2019
Vinpocetine Suppresses
    Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2020, 02-15, Volume: 204, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Deubiquitinating Enzyme CYLD; Disease Models, Animal; Ear, Middle; Epithelial Cells; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Humans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; Otitis Media; Pneumococcal Infections; RNA, Small Interfering; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Up-Regulation; Vinca Alkaloids

2020
The protective and therapeutic effects of vinpocetine, a PDE1 inhibitor, on oxidative stress and learning and memory impairment induced by an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of amyloid beta (aβ) peptide.
    Behavioural brain research, 2020, 04-06, Volume: 383

    Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1; Disease Models, Animal; Glutathione; Injections, Intraventricular; Learning; Malondialdehyde; Memory; Memory Disorders; Morris Water Maze Test; Nitrites; Oxidative Stress; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Rats; Spatial Memory; Vinca Alkaloids

2020
Vinpocetine ameliorates L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis via Sirt1/Nrf2/TNF pathway and inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
    Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2021, Volume: 133

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Arginine; Biomarkers; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammation Mediators; Male; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Oxidative Stress; Pancreas; Pancreatitis; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction; Sirtuin 1; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vinca Alkaloids

2021
Vinpocetine Attenuates Ischemic Stroke Through Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression in Mice.
    Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2020, 12-22, Volume: 77, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammasomes; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-18; Interleukin-1beta; Ischemic Stroke; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neuroprotective Agents; NF-kappa B; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Signal Transduction; Vinca Alkaloids

2020
Vinpocetine alleviates lung inflammation via macrophage inflammatory protein-1β inhibition in an ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model.
    PloS one, 2021, Volume: 16, Issue:4

    Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asthma; Chemokine CCL4; Dexamethasone; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Random Allocation; Vinca Alkaloids

2021
Vinpocetine amended prenatal valproic acid induced features of ASD possibly by altering markers of neuronal function, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
    Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research, 2021, Volume: 14, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Behavior, Animal; Biomarkers; Disease Models, Animal; Doublecortin Protein; Female; Inflammation; Oxidative Stress; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Valproic Acid; Vinca Alkaloids

2021
Vinpocetine Attenuates Pathological Cardiac Remodeling by Inhibiting Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis.
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2017, Volume: 31, Issue:2

    Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Cardiomegaly; Cardiomyopathies; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1; Cytoprotection; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extracellular Matrix; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Fibroblasts; Fibrosis; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myocytes, Cardiac; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Signal Transduction; Ventricular Remodeling; Vinca Alkaloids

2017
Vinpocetine mitigates proteinuria and podocytes injury in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2017, Nov-05, Volume: 814

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Models, Animal; Fasting; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycated Hemoglobin; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Kidney; Male; Membrane Proteins; NF-kappa B; Podocytes; Proteinuria; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Vinca Alkaloids

2017
Vinpocetine protects inner retinal neurons with functional NMDA glutamate receptors against retinal ischemia.
    Experimental eye research, 2018, Volume: 167

    Topics: Animals; Calbindin 2; Disease Models, Animal; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Ischemia; Kainic Acid; Neuroprotective Agents; Parvalbumins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Neurons; Retinal Vessels; Vinca Alkaloids

2018
Effectiveness of vinpocetine and isosorbide-5-mononitrate on experimental schistosomiasis mansoni: Biochemical and immunohistochemical study.
    Acta tropica, 2018, Volume: 186

    Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Isosorbide Dinitrate; Mice; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Vinca Alkaloids

2018
Repurposing of the Nootropic Drug Vinpocetine as an Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Agent: Evidence in a Mouse Model of Superoxide Anion-Triggered Inflammation.
    Mediators of inflammation, 2019, Volume: 2019

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Repositioning; Edema; Heme Oxygenase-1; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Male; Membrane Proteins; Mice; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Nootropic Agents; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxides; Vinca Alkaloids

2019
Effects of vinpocetine on random skin flap survival in rats.
    Journal of reconstructive microsurgery, 2013, Volume: 29, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Graft Survival; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Malondialdehyde; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Values; Reperfusion Injury; Sensitivity and Specificity; Skin Transplantation; Superoxide Dismutase; Surgical Flaps; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vinca Alkaloids

2013
Inhibitory effects of vinpocetine on the progression of atherosclerosis are mediated by Akt/NF-κB dependent mechanisms in apoE-/- mice.
    PloS one, 2013, Volume: 8, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Foam Cells; Humans; I-kappa B Proteins; Inflammation; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Monocytes; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Phosphorylation; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction; Vinca Alkaloids

2013
Vinpocetine modulates metabolic activity and function during retinal ischemia.
    American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 2015, May-01, Volume: 308, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Cell Death; Cytoprotection; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroretinography; Energy Metabolism; Ependymoglial Cells; Evoked Potentials; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Ischemia; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retinal Diseases; Tissue Culture Techniques; Vinca Alkaloids

2015
Vinpocetine inhibits Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced upregulation of mucin MUC5AC expression via induction of MKP-1 phosphatase in the pathogenesis of otitis media.
    Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2015, Jun-15, Volume: 194, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Disease Models, Animal; Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Mice; Mucin 5AC; Otitis Media; Pneumococcal Infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Vinca Alkaloids

2015
Neuroprotective Effects of Agomelatine and Vinpocetine Against Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Induced Vascular Dementia.
    Current neurovascular research, 2015, Volume: 12, Issue:3

    Topics: Acetamides; Acetylcholinesterase; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Brain; Catalase; Dementia, Vascular; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glutathione; Male; Malondialdehyde; Maze Learning; Mice; Neuroprotective Agents; Superoxide Dismutase; Time Factors; Vinca Alkaloids

2015
Pre-treatment with vinpocetine protects against retinal ischemia.
    Experimental eye research, 2017, Volume: 154

    Topics: Animals; Calbindin 2; Calcium Channel Blockers; Disease Models, Animal; Ependymoglial Cells; Immunohistochemistry; Ischemia; Microscopy, Confocal; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Neurons; Vinca Alkaloids

2017
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition ameliorates angiotensin II-dependent hypertension and renal vascular dysfunction.
    American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 2017, 03-01, Volume: 312, Issue:3

    Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Cyclic GMP; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hypertension; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; Renal Artery; Renal Circulation; Sildenafil Citrate; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents; Vinca Alkaloids

2017
Comparison of acute, chronic and post-treatment effects of carbamazepine and vinpocetine on hearing loss and seizures induced by 4-aminopyridine.
    Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2008, Volume: 119, Issue:11

    Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Auditory Threshold; Carbamazepine; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Guinea Pigs; Hearing Loss; Male; Psychoacoustics; Seizures; Time Factors; Vinca Alkaloids

2008
Neuroprotective effects of vinpocetine and its major metabolite cis-apovincaminic acid on NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in a rat entorhinal cortex lesion model.
    CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2009,Summer, Volume: 15, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Entorhinal Cortex; Male; Maze Learning; N-Methylaspartate; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vinca Alkaloids

2009
Phosphodiesterase inhibition increases CREB phosphorylation and restores orientation selectivity in a model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
    PloS one, 2009, Aug-14, Volume: 4, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Ferrets; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Phosphorylation; Pregnancy; Vinca Alkaloids

2009
Acute administration of vinpocetine, a phosphodiesterase type 1 inhibitor, ameliorates hyperactivity in a mice model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
    Drug and alcohol dependence, 2011, Dec-01, Volume: 119, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central Nervous System Depressants; Cyclic AMP; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Ethanol; Female; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Humans; Male; Mice; Motor Activity; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Single-Blind Method; Survival Rate; Vinca Alkaloids; Weight Gain

2011
Effect of pentoxifylline and vinpocetine on the healing of ischemic colon anastomosis: an experimental study.
    Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES, 2011, Volume: 17, Issue:6

    Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Anastomotic Leak; Animals; Colon; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Ischemia; Male; Pentoxifylline; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vasodilator Agents; Vinca Alkaloids; Wound Healing

2011
[Neuroprotective effects of vinpocetine in vivo and in vitro. Apovincaminic acid derivatives as potential therapeutic tools in ischemic stroke].
    Acta pharmaceutica Hungarica, 2002, Volume: 72, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Stroke; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vinca Alkaloids

2002
Restoration of neuronal plasticity by a phosphodiesterase type 1 inhibitor in a model of fetal alcohol exposure.
    The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2006, Jan-18, Volume: 26, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Ethanol; Female; Ferrets; Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders; Neuronal Plasticity; Phosphodiesterase I; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Pregnancy; Vinca Alkaloids

2006
Mitigation of nociception via transganglionic degenerative atrophy: possible mechanism of vinpocetine-induced blockade of retrograde axoplasmic transport.
    Annals of anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : official organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft, 2008, Volume: 190, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Axonal Transport; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Nerve Degeneration; Pain; Pain Measurement; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Spinal Cord; Vinca Alkaloids

2008
[Cerebral uptake and metabolism of (11C) Vinpocetine in monkeys: PET studies].
    Orvosi hetilap, 1999, Jul-25, Volume: 140, Issue:30

    Topics: Animals; Brain; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Macaca fascicularis; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Radioligand Assay; Tomography, Emission-Computed; Vinca Alkaloids

1999
[Effect of ethyl ether of apovincaminic acid (Cavinton) on the ototoxic action of sisomicin in guinea pigs].
    Otolaryngologia polska = The Polish otolaryngology, 1990, Volume: 44, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Male; Organ of Corti; Sisomicin; Vinca Alkaloids

1990
Vinpocetine prevents ischemic cell damage in rat hippocampus.
    Life sciences, 1988, Volume: 43, Issue:21

    Topics: Animals; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Male; Organ Specificity; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; Vasodilator Agents; Vinca Alkaloids

1988
[Approaches to the creation of a model of cerebral thrombocytic microembolism and to research on the effects of drugs].
    Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny, 1987, Volume: 104, Issue:10

    Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Collagen; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Epoprostenol; Fibrinolytic Agents; Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis; Methods; Papaverine; Platelet Aggregation; Vasodilator Agents; Verapamil; Vinca Alkaloids

1987