vicine and Hemolysis

Topics: Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythrocytes; Female; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucosides; Hemolysis; Humans; Male; Pyrimidinones; Seeds; Vicia faba

Faba bean (Vicia faba) vicine and convicine (V-C) aglycones (divicine and isouramil respectively) provoke an acute hemolytic anemia called favism in individuals with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme defect in their red blood cells. Geneticists/plant breeders are working with faba bean to decrease V-C levels to improve public acceptance of this high-protein pulse crop. Here, we present a fast and simple ex vivo in vitro bioassay for V-C toxicity testing of faba bean or faba bean food products.. We have shown that 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU)-treated (i.e., sensitized) normal red blood cells, like G6PD-defective blood, displayed (i) continuous glutathione (GSH) depletion with no regeneration as incubation time and the dose of aglycones increased, (ii) progressive accumulation of denatured hemoglobin products into high molecular weight (HMW) proteins with increased aglycone dose, (iii) both band 3 membrane proteins and hemichromes, in HMW protein aggregates. We have also demonstrated that sensitized red blood cells can effectively differentiate various levels of toxicity among faba bean varieties through the two hemolysis biomarkers: GSH depletion and HMW clumping.. BCNU-sensitized red blood cells provide an ideal model for favism blood, to assess and compare the toxicity of faba bean varieties and their food products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Topics: Biological Assay; Erythrocytes; Favism; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosides; Hemolysis; Humans; Pyrimidinones; Uridine; Vicia faba

Aqueous extracts of a different variety of fresh broad bean seeds obtained from a favism endemic area in Turkey, were incubated with blood from sensitive and non-sensitive (control) subjects. Red blood cells were characterized by a whole blood glutathione (GSH) and a deficiency of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity. As the decrease in GSH percent is taken as an index of haemolytic activity, the test results were as following: Sakiz , Milas -Region, French broad bean extracts reduced the blood GSH levels 48%, 70%, 46% and 53%, respectively, in favism sensitive subjects. Active principles which are responsible for the haemolysis ( Vicine and Convicine ) were isolated from broad beans and their effects on GSH levels of blood were 99% and 81%, respectively, in favism sensitive subjects and 33.3% and 19% in normal subjects.

Topics: Fabaceae; Favism; Glucosides; Hemolysis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrimidinones; Turkey; Uracil; Uridine

1. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of dietary vicine (2, 6-diamino-4, 5 dihydroxy pyrimidine-5 (beta-D-glucopyranoside)) and supplemental vitamin E on the performance of laying hens and growing chicks, haemolysis of erythrocytes than birds fed on a control diet. 3. Vicine when fed to laying hens had a very dramatic effect. It depressed food consumption, egg weight, fertility and hatchability of eggs. Packed cell volume and erythrocyte haemoglobin levels and led to increased liver weights, liver glutathione levels, liver and plasma lipid levels, plasma lipid peroxide levels and erythrocyte haemolysis in vitro. Liver protein and plasma vitamin E:lipid levels were not altered. Vitamin E supplementation slightly increased egg weights, markedly improved fertility and hatchability of eggs and lowered liver weights and lipid levels but did not affect the other factors examined. 4. It is concluded that vicine which was isolated from faba beans (Vicia faba L.) has a marked influence on the metabolism of the laying hen and only a slight effect on growing chick. Vicine or its metabolites or both cause peroxidation of cellular components which result in abnormal lipid transport of synthesis or both, increased fragility of erythrocytes, and reduced fertility. These effects are overcome to varying extents by supplemental vitamin E.

Topics: Animals; Chickens; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fertility; Glucosides; Glycosides; Hemolysis; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Organ Size; Ovulation; Pyrimidinones; Toxins, Biological; Vitamin E