vasoactive-intestinal-peptide and Water-Electrolyte-Imbalance

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Cell Membrane Permeability; Child; Colitis, Ulcerative; Crohn Disease; Diarrhea; Diet; Energy Intake; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Prostaglandins; Sulfasalazine; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance; Zinc

Topics: alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Bacterial Toxins; Cholestyramine Resin; Colonic Diseases; Deoxycholic Acid; Diarrhea; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Iodine Radioisotopes; Malabsorption Syndromes; Prostaglandins; Protein-Losing Enteropathies; Serum Albumin; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plays a part in the regulation of volume homeostasis and possibly, in the pathophysiology of water and electrolyte disorder. Patients with serious burn injuries risk huge body fluids losses, which are compensated for by perfusion. Blood volume and the renin and aldosterone system are also disturbed. This study measured plasma ANP and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in patients with >20% total burned surface area (TBSA), at admission and 24 h post-admission.Eleven patients (mean age 46.5 years, 8 males) with a mean TBSA of 34.5% were sampled. Standard treatment was given. Eleven closely age-matched volunteers were used as controls. A specific ELISA method suitable for the measurement of ANP and VIP was used.ANP was higher (p<0.0001), while VIP was lower (p=NS) in patients' samples compared to controls. While the level of VIP was higher at 24 h post-admission, mean ANP level remained about the same. The increased levels of plasma ANP may result from volaemic disturbances during resuscitation, low VIP levels, the increase in pulmonary resistance or post-burn stress.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Blood Volume; Body Surface Area; Burns; Case-Control Studies; Dehydration; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Fluid Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Homeostasis; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Admission; Regional Blood Flow; Renin-Angiotensin System; Resuscitation; Skin; Statistics, Nonparametric; Vascular Resistance; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance

Previous observations have shown vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) to be an important secretagogue in the gut, whereas somatostatin has been reported to inhibit VIP release and fluid secretion.. The possible role of VIP as mediator of the inflammation and fluid losses in obstructive ileus was investigated in vivo and in a chronic rat model with thread ligation of the jejunum. Extravasated Evans blue (Eb)-stained albumin was quantified by spectrophotometry. Net fluid secretion was measured by a gravimetric technique. VIP antiserum was used to inhibit the effects of endogenous VIP. A somatostatin analogue, octreotide, was used to inhibit the release of VIP.. Results showed a pronounced plasma Eb-albumin extravasation in the wall of the obstructed gut, which was significantly inhibited by VIP antiserum (p < 0.05) or octreotide (p < 0.01). Obstruction of the jejunum resulted in net fluid secretion that was significantly reduced by administration of octreotide (p < 0.01) or VIP antiserum (p < 0.05). Net fluid secretion in control animals remained constant.. These findings suggest that VIP is an important mediator of the pathophysiology in mechanical intestinal obstruction and that somatostatin may be involved in the endogenous control of fluid losses.

Topics: Animals; Immune Sera; Intestinal Obstruction; Jejunal Diseases; Male; Octreotide; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Somatostatin; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance

Topics: Adenoma, Islet Cell; Angiography; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Syndrome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance

Topics: Cholera Toxin; Diarrhea; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Infusions, Intra-Arterial; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance