vasoactive-intestinal-peptide and Starvation

Topics: Animals; Eating; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Exercise Test; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Homeostasis; Hormones; Humans; Oxygen Consumption; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Protein Precursors; Secretin; Starvation; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Topics: Animals; Cholecystokinin; Dactinomycin; DNA; Gastrectomy; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Growth Hormone; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestine, Small; Liver; Pancreas; Pentagastrin; Protein Biosynthesis; Secretin; Starvation; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

The effect of starvation on allergen-induced skin wheal responses and plasma neuropeptide levels was not previously reported. Starvation for 24 h reduces allergen-induced skin wheal responses and plasma levels of substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide in patients with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome, but not in control subjects. These results may have implications for the pathophysiology of the atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome.

Topics: Adult; Allergens; Animals; Case-Control Studies; Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Male; Skin; Skin Tests; Starvation; Substance P; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

The acinar cells of the ferret parotid gland are supplied with parasympathetic nerve fibres containing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and substance P. In this study intracarotid infusions of the two peptides (0.5-1.0 microgram kg-1 min-1 of each for 40 min) in the pentobarbitone-anaesthetized ferret, treated with atropine and adrenoceptor antagonists, induced a loss of acinar secretory granules from this gland, by 32 % in response to VIP and by 46 % in response to substance P. Stimulation of the parasympathetic auriculo-temporal nerve (40 Hz, in the presence of adrenoceptor antagonists) caused a larger loss of acinar granules from the gland than stimulation of the sympathetic superior cervical ganglion (intermittently, 50 Hz for 1 s every 10th second, in the presence of atropine) over 40 min (52 % versus 10 %). A 27 % granular loss in response to parasympathetic stimulation followed upon atropinization. The parasympathetic response was not further diminished by the tachykinin antagonist Spantide ((d-Arg1, d-Pro2, d-Trp7,9, Leu)-substance P). Thus, despite the large exocytotic response to the infusion of substance P, the parasympathetic non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic secretion of storage granules seemed, under the present experimental conditions, to occur independently of the action of substance P.

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cytoplasmic Granules; Depression, Chemical; Epithelial Cells; Epithelium; Exocytosis; Female; Ferrets; Parotid Gland; Salivation; Starvation; Stromal Cells; Substance P; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Hypersecretion of catecholamine primarily affecting adrenaline levels arose in a patient given a jejunoileal bypass for severe obesity. Apart from organic factors, including a hetero and/or orthotopic pheochromocytoma and the therapeutic effect of beta-blocking drugs, it is suggested that the pathogenesis of the patient's condition is based on a hypersecretion of VIP, as sometimes occurs in patients with short intestine/syndrome.

Topics: Adult; Catecholamines; Epinephrine; Humans; Hypertension; Jejunoileal Bypass; Male; Norepinephrine; Obesity; Pheochromocytoma; Starvation; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

The effects of starvation on the tissue concentrations of some peptides common to the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system have been examined. Groups of 6 rats were either fed ad libitum or starved for up to 4 days and killed by decapitation. Antrum, fundus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, pancreas and brain were dissected, weighed and then frozen on dry ice. The tissues were extracted sequentially in boiling water and 3% acetic acid, centrifuged and the supernatants radioimmunoassayed for gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and somatostatin. Each peptide was not assayed in each tissue. Starvation had no effect on the concentrations of peptides measured in the fundus (somatostatin and VIP), ileum (somatostatin, GIP, VIP) and colon (somatostatin, GIP, VIP). VIP concentration was increased in the jejunum and GIP was increased in both the duodenum and jejunum. Antral gastrin was the only peptide in the gastrointestinal tract to be decreased by food deprivation. Somatostatin concentration was approximately doubled in the antrum, duodenum, jejunum and pancreas. Brain VIP was unchanged. Brain somatostatin and CCK were significantly reduced by starvation. We conclude that starvation results in organ-specific and hormone-specific alterations in tissue concentrations of peptides of the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system.

Topics: Animals; Brain; Cholecystokinin; Digestive System; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Male; Rats; Somatostatin; Starvation; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Topics: 2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases; Adenylyl Cyclases; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Cricetinae; Cyclic AMP; Female; Glucagon; Glucose; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; Pregnancy; Protein Kinases; Rats; Receptors, Cell Surface; Starvation; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide