vasoactive-intestinal-peptide and Shock

Topics: Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Endothelins; Humans; Neuropeptide Y; Shock; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

To investigate the effect of treatment with several vasodilatory substance on the changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of severe acute pancreatitis.. Pancreatitis was induced in rats by 5% sodium taurocholate retrograde infusion through the pancreatic duct, which produces a significant decrease in arterial blood pressure.. Three hours after the induction of pancreatitis, a fall of approximately 25 mm Hg in MAP was observed, with no changes of MAP in untreated controls. The administration of the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (25 mg/kg), previously to the induction of pancreatitis, produced a marked fall in MAP leading to the death of all the animals. When several vasodilatory substances, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (200 microg x kg x h), calcitonin gene-related peptide (10 microg/kg), and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (8 microg x kg x h) were administered previously to the induction of pancreatitis, the MAP fall induced by pancreatitis was not observed. The improvement of physiological conditions observed in vasodilator-treated animals is in agreement with histological data, which show only minor structural changes in the pancreas from these animals, in contrast with the severe alterations observed in untreated pancreatitic rats.. : Vasodilation confers protection against the systemic circulatory derangement derived from the development of severe acute pancreatitis.

Topics: Acute Disease; Amylases; Animals; Blood Pressure; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Male; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Pancreatitis; Penicillamine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Shock; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Vasodilator Agents

Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Calcitonin; Calcium; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Neuropeptide Y; Neurotensin; Shock; Substance P; Thyroid Gland; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Glucagon; Heart Diseases; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Polypeptide; Shock; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Intestinal ischemia shock is obtained in fasted rats by 40-minute splanchnic arterial occlusion (SAO) or by 35-minute portal vein occlusion (PVO). Survival is prolonged by plasma treatment; further prolongation is obtained by additional administration of glucose. After SAO early hyperglycemia is marked. Plasma adrenaline rises steeply after opening of the arteries and remains high, while plasma insulin remains unaltered. The hyperglycemia is abolished by adrenalectomy and section of the major splanchnic nerves (MSN) proximal to the adrenals but not by section of the MSN distal from the adrenals or by vagotomy. It is concluded that the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated by a substance, possibly related to VIP, released from the intestines. After PVO hyperglycemia is less marked. Plasma adrenaline as well as insulin are increased. During late and fatal hypoglycemia after PVO plus plasma treatment, the liver still appears to be functionally intact. It is assumed that gluconeogenesis is reversibly inhibited by as yet unknown factors. The hypoglycemia cannot be abolished by injection of common substrates of gluconeogenesis but the combination fructose plus glucagon plus NAD is highly effective.

Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Adrenalectomy; Animals; Blood Glucose; Epinephrine; Female; Gluconeogenesis; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemia; Intestines; Ischemia; Kidney; Liver; Portal Vein; Rats; Shock; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide