vasoactive-intestinal-peptide and Otitis-Media-with-Effusion

This is the first report demonstrating high levels of substance P (SP) that inversely correlate with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels in middle ear effusions (MEEs) of patients with otitis media with effusion (OME). Increased SP and decreased VIP levels might play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic OME.. The etiology of OME is multifactorial, and neurogenic inflammation may play a significant role. SP and VIP levels were not evaluated previously in MEEs of children with OME.. Fifty patients aged 2-12 years (mean age 5.24 ± 2.64) were included in the study. MEEs were classified as mucoid or serous based on the gross appearance. SP and VIP levels were determined using ELISA.. High levels of SP were detected in MEEs. In addition SP levels were significantly higher in serous samples (2910.55 ± 307.96 vs 2218.55 ± 262.30 pg/ml). There were also age-dependent changes, such that SP levels were significantly higher in children aged 2-3 years compared with those who were 4-5 and 6-12 years old. VIP levels were undetectable in 30% of patients and the mean level of VIP was 50.91 ± 16.01 pg/ml in serous middle ear effusions and 54.86 ± 15.91 pg/ml in mucoid MEEs.

Topics: Age Factors; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Male; Otitis Media with Effusion; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Recurrence; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Substance P; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Discovery of the role of the neurogenic inflammation in the formation of otitis media with effusion has led to the investigation of the place of some neuropeptide antagonists in the treatment. In the current study, we investigated the effect of capsaicin (CP) pretreatment on the inflammation and proliferation in the middle ear mucosa and on the nerve fibers containing substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and calcitonin gene-related peptide.. Seventeen Wistar rats were used in the study. Ten rats were given CP on 3 consecutive days, and seven rats were given isotonic saline solution. Seven days after the third injection, animals were operated on, and their eustachian tubes were occluded. On the seventh day after the operation, five rats from the test group and three from the control group were killed. The others were killed 21 days after the operation. In the histopathologic examination of the sections, acute inflammation and proliferation scores were determined. Gland degeneration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and the density of mast cells were evaluated. Neural elements were stained immunohistochemically.. The acute inflammation score in the test group was lower, but the difference was insignificant (p > 0.05). The proliferation score in the test group was lower, and the difference was significant (p = 0.02). In the control group, gland degeneration was significantly higher (p = 0.044). Goblet cell hyperplasia demonstrated no difference between two groups (p > 0.05). Mast cell density was higher in the control group, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Substance P immunoreactivity (IR) was significantly higher in the control group (p = 0.015). calcitonin gene-related peptide-IR and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-IR were limited in both groups.. That CP pretreatment reduces inflammatory proliferative findings, and gland degeneration leads us to consider that it could be effective in both treatment of experimental otitis media with effusion and prevention of its complications.

Topics: Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Capsaicin; Drug Administration Schedule; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Otitis Media with Effusion; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Substance P; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide