vasoactive-intestinal-peptide and Dyspepsia

Proximal gastric relaxation is a vago-vagal reflex upon food intake. The efferent neurons involved at the level of the stomach are nonadrenergic noncholinergic. Deficient proximal gastric relaxation is observed in a portion of patients with functional dyspepsia, while exaggerated relaxation might contribute to the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease via triggering of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations. Nitric oxide (NO) is mediating, together with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) as parallel cotransmitter, the nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurotransmission of the proximal stomach. Evidence for a sequential link between VIP as neurotransmitter and muscular NO generation was obtained when studied in isolated gastric smooth muscle cells; inducible NO synthase seems expressed. The endogenous gastric nitrergic neurotransmitter is not sensitive to superoxide anion generators and NO scavengers, that reduce the relaxation to exogenous NO. This is not due to the release of a nerve-derived hyperpolarizing factor in addition of NO, nor to binding to thiols, but Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase is involved in the protection of endogenous NO versus superoxide anions and scavenging. The release of NO from gastric nitrergic neurons is not sensitive to negative feedback but is inhibited via presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Nitric oxide functionally antagonizes acetylcholine in the smooth muscle cells but does not influence the release of acetylcholine at the cholinergic varicosities. Stimulating or inhibiting the gastric nitrergic neurons might be a target for drug therapy in functional dyspepsia or gastro-esophageal reflux, respectively.

Topics: Dyspepsia; Free Radical Scavengers; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Muscle Relaxation; Neural Pathways; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nitric Oxide; Stomach; Superoxide Dismutase; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common digestive system disease, and probiotics in the treatment of FD have a good curative effect. Patients with gastrointestinal diseases often show a poor response to traditional drug treatments and suffer from adverse reactions. Kvass can be used as a functional drink without side effects to improve the symptoms of FD patients. The results showed that compared with those of the model group, the body weight and food intake of the treatment group were significantly increased (

Topics: Animals; Dyspepsia; Gastrointestinal Motility; Ghrelin; Motilin; Rats; Stomach; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Topics: Animals; Bacteria; China; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dyspepsia; Feces; Female; Fruit; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Motilin; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Objective To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on vasoactive intesti- nal peptide (VIP) , calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression, gastric emptying, and small in- testine advance rate in functional dyspepsia (FD) rats. Methods Totally 48 SD rats were randomly di- vided into three groups, the blank group, the model group, and the EA group, 16 in each group. Except rats in the blank group, FD model was established by tail clamped stimulation plus irregular diet, and ice physiological saline gastrogavage for 14 successive days. After successful modeling EA at Zusanli (ST36) and Taichong (LR3) were performed, once per day for 28 days. Rats were intervened by gastro- gavage at the end of the treatment. Gastric tissue and small intestinal tissue were sampled after anatomy. The rates of gastric emptying and small intestinal transit were determined. Pathological changes of gastric antrum and jejunum tissue were observed by HE staining. mRNA expression levels of VIP and CGRP in gastric antrum and jejunum tissue were determined by Real-time PCR. Results No organic change oc- curred in tissues of the 3 groups. No gastric or intestinal ulcers , inflammatory infiltration, or glandular ep- ithelial lesion occurred in the 3 groups. Compared with the blank group, gastric residual rate obviously in- creased, small intestinal transit rate was lowered, mRNA expression levels of VIP and CGRP in gastric antrum and jejunum tissue were obviously elevated in the model group (P <0. 01, P <0. 05). Compared with the model group, gastric residual rate was obviously reduced, small intestinal transit was obviously elevated, mRNA expression levels of VIP and CGRP in gastric antrum and jejunum tissue were obviously decreased (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Conclusions EA could significantly decrease mRNA expressions of VIP and CGRP in gastrointestinal tract, accelerate gastric emptying rate and small intestinal transit rate. EA's improving the gastrointestinal motility might be related to decreasing mRNA expressions of VIP and CGRP in gastrointestinal tract, indicating that abnormal secretion braingut peptide might be one of important mechanisms for FD.

Topics: Animals; Calcitonin; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Dyspepsia; Electroacupuncture; Gastrointestinal Motility; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Chinese medicine xiangshaliujunzi decoction (XSLJZD) plays a key role in treating functional dyspepsia (FD), a common clinical gastrointestinal disorder. However, the mechanism of this disease is unclear. Brain-gut axis regulates food intake behaviour, and this regulatory mechanism is mediated by neuropeptides. Brain-gut axis impairment and neuropeptide alteration may be the pathological mechanisms of FD, and brain-gut axis regulation may influence the action of medicine.. In our experiment, the effect of XSLJZD on FD was evaluated in terms of food intake, sucrose preference test and electromyogram. Changes in neuropeptides [ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)] were detected through immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and ELISA.. XSLJZD increased food intake and the percentage of sucrose preference (>75 %). However, the response to gastric detention decreased. Furthermore, XSLJZD increased ghrelin, CCK, VIP proteins and genes in the stomach. XSLJZD also increased ghrelin, CCK and VIP proteins in serum. By contrast, XSLJZD decreased the mRNA expression of these neuropeptides in the hypothalamus.. XSLJZD alleviated the symptoms of FD by upregulating the production of ghrelin, CCK and VIP and by increasing the levels of these neuropeptides in circulation. This finding can help elucidate the mechanism of FD and can provide further insight into the pharmacokinetics of XSLJZD.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Dyspepsia; Eating; Electromyography; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Feeding Behavior; Male; Neuropeptides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sucrose; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

To investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on neuronal expressions in the stomach and spinal cord of mice so as to explain dyspepsia symptoms in H. pylori infected patients.. C57BL/6 female mice were studied at 2 weeks (acute infection group) and 12 weeks (chronic infection group) after H. pylori inoculation. Histological analyses for gastric inflammation and bacterial colonization were assessed by HE staining and Warthin-Starry staining. Fos, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide expressions (CGRP) were studied by immunohistochemistry.. H. pylori colonization was present mainly in pyloric region, but bacterial density was similar in both infected groups. The intensity of mucosal inflammation and activity was significantly higher in two infected groups than in those in the control group. The degree of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration in proventricular-glandular region and gastric corpus at 12 weeks after H. pylori inoculation was higher than that at 2 weeks after inoculation. The neuronal expressions of fos, VIP, and CGRP in the stomach and spinal cord were significantly more marked in the infected groups than in the control group, but there was no significant difference between two infected groups.. H. pylori infection induced different degrees of gastric mucosal inflammation in the murine model. Both early and chronic infection groups of mice showed enhanced neuronal expressions of fos, VIP and CGRP of stomach and spinal cord and these could form a basis for appearance of functional dyspeptic symptoms in patients with H. pylori infection.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Chronic Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Dyspepsia; Female; Gastritis; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Neurons; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Spinal Cord; Stomach; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Topics: Animals; Dyspepsia; Gastrointestinal Motility; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Inflammation; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide