vasoactive-intestinal-peptide and Dehydration

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adenoma, Islet Cell; Animals; Bicarbonates; Brain; Dehydration; Digestive System; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Hormones, Ectopic; Humans; Nerve Fibers; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pancreas; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Swine; Syndrome; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Topics: Adenoma, Islet Cell; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholecystokinin; Cholelithiasis; Dehydration; Diabetes Mellitus; Duodenal Ulcer; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Motilin; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Secretin; Syndrome; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adenoma, Islet Cell; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carcinoid Tumor; Child; Dehydration; Female; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Glucagon; Humans; Hyperplasia; Hypokalemia; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Precancerous Conditions; Serotonin; Somatostatin; Syndrome; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plays a part in the regulation of volume homeostasis and possibly, in the pathophysiology of water and electrolyte disorder. Patients with serious burn injuries risk huge body fluids losses, which are compensated for by perfusion. Blood volume and the renin and aldosterone system are also disturbed. This study measured plasma ANP and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in patients with >20% total burned surface area (TBSA), at admission and 24 h post-admission.Eleven patients (mean age 46.5 years, 8 males) with a mean TBSA of 34.5% were sampled. Standard treatment was given. Eleven closely age-matched volunteers were used as controls. A specific ELISA method suitable for the measurement of ANP and VIP was used.ANP was higher (p<0.0001), while VIP was lower (p=NS) in patients' samples compared to controls. While the level of VIP was higher at 24 h post-admission, mean ANP level remained about the same. The increased levels of plasma ANP may result from volaemic disturbances during resuscitation, low VIP levels, the increase in pulmonary resistance or post-burn stress.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Blood Volume; Body Surface Area; Burns; Case-Control Studies; Dehydration; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Fluid Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Homeostasis; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Admission; Regional Blood Flow; Renin-Angiotensin System; Resuscitation; Skin; Statistics, Nonparametric; Vascular Resistance; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance

Topics: Animals; Dehydration; Male; Natriuresis; Progesterone; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Sodium; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Water Deprivation

A 30-year-old previously healthy woman was diagnosed as having a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-producing tumour of the pancreas. Her medical history was typical for neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumours, presenting initially with non-specific symptoms but eventually she developed life-threatening manifestations requiring intensive care due to severe dehydration. She immediately recovered following surgical resection. The patient had elevated serum concentrations of VIP as well as pancreastatin, and post-operatively elevated concentrations of three growth factors, IGF-I, EGF and TGF-alpha, were seen. The importance of the alterations in plasma concentrations of the different peptides for her symptomatology are discussed.

Topics: Adult; Antidiarrheals; Dehydration; Female; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Growth Substances; Humans; Octreotide; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Vipoma

Studies on vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the anterior pituitary gland have shown that it is synthesized locally, physiologically regulated, and may act as a paracrine/autocrine factor. We have now investigated the regulation of anterior pituitary VIP gene expression in rats during osmotic stimulation. Both salt-loading and dehydration resulted in a progressive and marked reduction in VIP mRNA levels as determined by Northern analysis, to 10% of control levels at 14 days of salt-loading. The 1.7 and 1.0 kb VIP RNA transcripts were equally affected. Since anterior pituitary VIP is partially localized in lactotrophs we also measured prolactin (PRL) mRNA levels. In contrast to VIP, PRL mRNA levels were increased during both osmotic paradigms, the mRNA levels being significantly raised after 5 days of salt-loading to 130% of controls. Further experiments, conducted to examine the mechanism by which VIP gene expression is down-regulated during osmotic stimulation, demonstrated that dopamine and angiotensin II do not appear to be involved. The results show dissociated regulation of VIP and PRL during osmotic stimulation and provide suggestive evidence of a role for anterior pituitary VIP in the animal's osmoregulatory responses. VIP may therefore be a paracrine factor with diverse functional roles.

Topics: Angiotensin II; Animals; Dehydration; Enalapril; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Osmotic Pressure; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Chloride; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Water-Electrolyte Balance

One hundred and seventy-two competitors of the Swiss Alpine Marathon, Davos, Switzerland, 1988, volunteered for this research project. Of these volunteers 170 (158 men, 12 women) finished the race (99%). The race length was 67 km with an altitude difference of 1,900 m between the highest and lowest points. Mean age was 39 (SEM 0.8) years. Average finishing times were 8 h 18 min (men) and 8 h 56 min (women). Loss of body mass averaged 3.4% body mass [mean 3.3 (SEM 0.2)%; 4.0 (SEM 0.4)%; men and women, respectively]. Blood samples from a subgroup of 89 subjects (6 women and 83 men) were taken prior to and immediately after completion of the race. Changes in haemoglobin (9.3 mmol.l-1 pre-race, 9.7 mmol.l-1 post-race) and packed cell volume (0.44 pre, 0.48 post-race) were in line with the moderate level of dehydration displayed by changes in body mass. Mean plasma volume decreased by 8.3%. No significant changes in plasma osmolality, sodium, or chloride were observed but plasma potassium did increase by 5% (4.2 mmol.l-1 pre-race, 4.4 mmol.l-1 post-race). Mean fluid consumption was 3290 (SEM 103) ml. Forty-three percent of all subjects, and 33% of those who gave blood samples, complained of gastro-intestinal (GI) distress during the race. No direct relationship was found between the quantity or quality of beverage consumed and the prevalence of GI symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Volume; Body Mass Index; Dehydration; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Drinking; Epinephrine; Female; Gastrins; Hemoglobins; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Middle Aged; Norepinephrine; Osmolar Concentration; Physical Endurance; Potassium; Running; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

The diagnosis of vasoactive intestinal poly-peptide-secreting tumor (VIPoma) was established in two boys on the basis of watery diarrhea with hypokalemia, elevated plasma levels of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (range of 55-94 pmol/L), and presence of a tumor of the left adrenal gland. Despite celiac angiography, VIP estimation in blood samples taken from different parts of the body, and exploratory laparotomy, localization of the tumor in one child in vivo was unsuccessful. In the other boy, computed tomography revealed a large tumor in the left adrenal gland. Following the removal of the tumor, diarrhea ceased, and 10 days after surgery, the plasma level of VIP was 5 pmol/L. Histologically, the tumors in the two boys were found to be ganglioneuromas. The diagnosis of VIPoma is simple but localization can be very difficult. Surgical removal of VIPoma is often rewarding.

Topics: Adenoma, Islet Cell; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Child; Chronic Disease; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Ganglioneuroma; Humans; Hypokalemia; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Vipoma

Topics: Adenoma, Islet Cell; Dehydration; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Hypokalemia; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

The clinical features of the Verner-Morrison syndrome are surveyed. This rare clinical entity still needs to be more clearly defined. Especially in relation to the role of VIP and the clinical value of VIP measurements. A case with a good correlation between the activity of the disease and circulating VIP is presented.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adenoma, Islet Cell; Dehydration; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Radioimmunoassay; Streptozocin; Syndrome; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

A 57-year-old male patient with metastasizing non-beta islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas is described. Both gastrin and VIP levels were elevated and the patient suffered from a syndrome of pancreatic cholera and hyperacidity. The tumour contained gastrin and VIP as demonstrated by immunofluorescence. The patient also had a history of familial renal stone formation and parathyroid nodular hyperplasia. Resection of pancreatic tumour in 1973 resulted in four years without symptoms. In 1977 definite signs of multiple hepatic metastases appeared. These signs disappeared after streptozotocin given in a dosage of 2 g three times at weekly intervals. The patient had remained well for 20 months after this treatment. The causative agents for the clinical syndrome in this case are discussed in view of circulating hormone levels.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adenoma, Islet Cell; Dehydration; Gastrins; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatic Polypeptide; Streptozocin; Syndrome; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Topics: Adenoma, Islet Cell; Animals; APUD Cells; Biliary Tract; Cholera; Dehydration; Diarrhea; Gastric Juice; Gastrointestinal Hormones; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Hypokalemia; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Diseases; Metabolism; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Respiration; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide