vasoactive-intestinal-peptide and Burns

To observe the changes in motilin (MTL), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and somatostatin (SS) in plasma of rats with severe scald injury at early stage and the effect of rheum on their changes.. Eighty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC, n = 8), scald group (S, gavage of distilled water after full-thickness scald, n = 40), therapeutic group (T, gavage of rheum solution after full-thickness scald, n = 40). The blood samples were harvested from inferior vena cava at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 post scald hours (PSH) to determine the levels of MTL, SS, SP and VIP with radioimmunoassay.. (1) The levels of MTL and SP were (198 +/- 28), (61 +/- 10) ng/L, respectively, in NC group. The levels of MTL and SP in S group reached their minimum values [(110 +/- 15), (30 +/- 5) ng/L, respectively] at 6 PSH, then ascended slowly, peaked at 72 PSH but still lower than those in NC group (P < 0.05). The levels of MTL and SP slowly descended in T group, reached normal levels at 48 PSH, and obviously higher than those in NC group at 72 PSH [(232 +/- 32), (73 +/- 11) ng/ L, respectively, P < 0.05], which were higher than those in S group at 6 -72 PSH. (2) The levels of VIP and SS were (35 +/- 6), (30 +/- 5) ng/L, respectively, in NC group. The levels of VIP and SS in S group were (70 +/- 12), (49 +/- 9) ng/L at 6 PSH, which were obviously higher than those in NC group (P < 0.01), then descended slowly, but still higher than normal level at 72 PSH (P < 0.05). The levels of VIP and SS in T group ascended slowly, reached the normal level at 48 PSH, which were lower than those in S group at each time points, and VIP reached peak value at 12 PSH.. Rheum may regulate secretion and release of gastrointestinal hormones to plasma in rats with severe scald injury at early stage.

Topics: Animals; Burns; Motilin; Phytotherapy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rheum; Substance P; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide

Topics: Burns; Humans; Nitric Oxide; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Wounds and Injuries

VIP and NO co-localized in many of the same neurons, are co-released by some of the same physiological stimuli. In this study we seek the divergent roles in relation to tissue injury between the neurotransmitters within 24 h after burn injury. Forty-four subjects were examined. Fourteen were mechanical trauma patients with mean injury severity score (ISS) of 27, 15 burns patients with mean per cent total burn surface area (%TBSA) of 18%, and 15 healthy controls. Patients plasma were withdrawn immediately on admission (OA) and 24 h post-injury (PI). Controls fasted (>10 h) the night before morning sampling. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique suitable for the measurements of NO and VIP was used. For each comparison between the patients and control groups, NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) plasma levels were higher in burn (P<0.001) and trauma (P<0.0005) than controls. VIP was higher in trauma (P<0.05) but not in burns (P=NS). Trauma and human burn injuries are associated with increase levels of NO productions. While VIP rose in trauma, it remained unchanged in burns. The relationship between VIP and NO observed under physiological conditions in thermal and trauma injury may be of importance in wound healing.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Burns; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nitric Oxide; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Wounds and Injuries

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide is one of the body's most potent vasodilators and has been shown to increase blood flow in a number of tissues. Its effects on postburn skin perfusion and progressive ischemia was investigated in rats exposed to partial- and full-thickness experimental skin burns. Systemic administration of VIP elicited a significant drop in mean arterial blood pressure versus saline (p<0.001) and VIP antiserum (p<0.001) both in burned and nonburned animals. VIP also decreased heart rate versus saline (p<0.05) and anti-VIP (p<0.001) in nonburned and burned animals. In contrast, VIP antiserum significantly increased blood pressure (p<0. 001) and heart rate (p<0.001) versus saline in all the groups. Skin perfusion in normal skin was significantly impaired by VIP infusions as compared to saline (p<0.01) while VIP-antiserum did not differ significantly from saline. Similarly, VIP significantly reduced blood flow versus saline-treatment in partial-thickness (p<0.01) and full-thickness burns (p<0.05) while VIP-antiserum had no significant effect on skin perfusion in any of the burned groups as compared to saline treatment. The present results show that VIP is directly involved in general cardiovascular control but plays a minor role in the maintenance of skin perfusion following a thermal injury as suggested by the lack of effect of VIP-antiserum. In contrast, exogenous administration of VIP significantly and dramatically impaired skin perfusion in normal and burned skin probably by increasing blood flow in organs of higher priority such as the brain and heart and concomitantly inducing a pronounced vasoconstriction in the skin, probably as a result of increased sympathetic effect on peripheral organs in order to maintain blood pressure.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blood Pressure; Burns; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Confidence Intervals; Heart Rate; Immune Sera; Ischemia; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Regional Blood Flow; Skin; Sodium Chloride; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Vasodilator Agents

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide has been demonstrated to lack inherent effects on capillary permeability, but also to potentiate the oedema promoting actions of other inflammatory mediators or even to strongly reduce organ damage and subsequent oedema in ischemic models of the lung and heart. This study investigated the role of VIP on oedema in partial- and full-thickness skin burns of anaesthetised rats in vivo by spectrophotometrical quantification of Evans blue albumin. Results show that systemic VIP elicited a significant drop in mean arterial blood pressure versus saline (p<0. 001) and VIP antiserum (p<0.001) both in burned and non-burned animals. VIP also decreased heart rate versus saline (p<0.05) and anti-VIP (p<0.01) in non-burned and burned animals. EB-albumin in normal skin was significantly inhibited by VIP as compared to saline (p<0.05), but did not differ significantly from VIP-antiserum. A significant inhibition of EB-albumin extravasation versus saline was also seen following administration of VIP-antiserum (p<0.01). Similarly, VIP significantly reduced EB-albumin extravasation versus saline treatment in partial-thickness (p<0.01) and full-thickness burns (p<0.001), while VIP-antiserum had no significant effect on skin perfusion in any of the burned groups as compared to saline treatment. The present results show that systemic VIP is a potent inhibitor of burn oedema. This effect could be secondary to constriction of skin vessels as a result of VIP-induced systemic hypotension or be mediated by the interaction of VIP with other oedema promoting mediators released following a thermal trauma to the skin.

Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Burns; Capillary Permeability; Coloring Agents; Edema; Evans Blue; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Heart Rate; Hypotension; Immune Sera; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Skin; Skin Diseases; Sodium Chloride; Spectrophotometry; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasodilator Agents

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) plays a part in the regulation of volume homeostasis and possibly, in the pathophysiology of water and electrolyte disorder. Patients with serious burn injuries risk huge body fluids losses, which are compensated for by perfusion. Blood volume and the renin and aldosterone system are also disturbed. This study measured plasma ANP and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in patients with >20% total burned surface area (TBSA), at admission and 24 h post-admission.Eleven patients (mean age 46.5 years, 8 males) with a mean TBSA of 34.5% were sampled. Standard treatment was given. Eleven closely age-matched volunteers were used as controls. A specific ELISA method suitable for the measurement of ANP and VIP was used.ANP was higher (p<0.0001), while VIP was lower (p=NS) in patients' samples compared to controls. While the level of VIP was higher at 24 h post-admission, mean ANP level remained about the same. The increased levels of plasma ANP may result from volaemic disturbances during resuscitation, low VIP levels, the increase in pulmonary resistance or post-burn stress.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Blood Volume; Body Surface Area; Burns; Case-Control Studies; Dehydration; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Fluid Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Homeostasis; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Admission; Regional Blood Flow; Renin-Angiotensin System; Resuscitation; Skin; Statistics, Nonparametric; Vascular Resistance; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance

To explore the mechanism of intestinal blood perfusion improved by early enteral feeding after burn injury.. Wistar rats were inflicted with 30% total body surface area full thickness flame burn and randomly divided into three groups: burned control (B), burned and early feeding (EF), and normal control (C). The content of endothelin (ET), nitric oxide (NO), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and intestine mucosal blood flow (IMBF) were determined at postburn 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours.. The content of ET, NO, VIP in small intestine as well as the ratio of ET/NO, ET/VIP were increased significantly and the IMBF was decreased markedly postburn. In EF group, ET, ET/NO and ET/VIP were significantly lower (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and NO, VIP as well as IMBF were higher than those in B group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There were negative correlation between ET/NO, ET/VIP and IMBF (r(1) = -0.95, P < 0.01; r(2) = -0.87, P < 0.01).. The mechanism of intestinal blood perfusion improved by early enteral feeding may be correlated with increased NO, VIP and decreased ET induced by foods stimulating intestinal nerve.

Topics: Animals; Burns; Endothelins; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Nitric Oxide; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Regional Blood Flow; Time Factors; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide