Page last updated: 2024-10-26

valproic acid and Insulin Resistance

valproic acid has been researched along with Insulin Resistance in 31 studies

Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.
valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.

Insulin Resistance: Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"In the last years, a growing body of literature indicates an association between valproic acid therapy and weight gain."8.87Weight gain following treatment with valproic acid: pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical implications. ( Chiarelli, F; Coppola, G; D'Egidio, C; Mohn, A; Verrotti, A, 2011)
"To investigate the presence of insulin resistance in obese children with idiopathic epilepsy on valproic acid (VPA) monotherapy in comparison to obese otherwise healthy subjects."7.81Insulin resistance in patients on valproic acid: relation to adiponectin. ( Aly, RH; Amr, NH; Megahed, AA; Saad, WE, 2015)
"Valproic acid (VPA), as one of the most widely prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AED) for many types of epilepsy in adults and children, is associated with weight gain, alteration of adipocytokine homeostasis, insulin resistance and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)."7.79The novel insulin resistance parameters RBP4 and GLP-1 in patients treated with valproic acid: just a sidestep? ( Ebenbichler, CF; Laimer, M; Luef, G; Rauchenzauner, M; Salzmann, K; Sandhofer, A; Sturm, W; Tschoner, A; Walser, G; Wiedmann, M, 2013)
"To investigate the possible role of valproic acid therapy in the development of the weight gain and hyperinsulinemia of epileptic patients."7.72[Insulin resistance in epileptic patients during treatment of valproic acid]. ( Bao, YY; Chen, Z; Ding, MP; Liu, ZR; Xu, LL, 2004)
"In order to investigate the possible role of valproic acid therapy in the development of obesity, hyperinsulinism and polycystic ovaries (PCOs), we have studied metabolic parameters and ovarian morphology in epileptic women."7.71Polycystic ovaries, obesity and insulin resistance in women with epilepsy. A comparative study of carbamazepine and valproic acid in 105 women. ( Abraham, I; Alge, A; Bauer, G; Haslinger, M; Lechleitner, M; Luef, G; Seppi, K; Trinka, E; Unterberger, I; Windisch, J, 2002)
" Leptin is considered a signaling factor regulating body weight and energy metabolism."7.71Serum insulin and leptin levels in valproate-associated obesity. ( Isojärvi, JI; Knip, M; Kotila, M; Pakarinen, A; Pylvänen, V; Turkka, J, 2002)
"Valproic acid is effective for treatment of many types of epilepsy, but its use in epileptic patients can be associated with an increase in body weight that could interfere with treatment compliance."7.71Insulin resistance in epileptic girls who gain weight after therapy with valproic acid. ( Basciani, F; Chiarelli, F; De Simone, M; Morgese, G; Trotta, D; Verrotti, A, 2002)
"Treatment with metformin or rosiglitazone prevents excess adrenal androgen synthesis."5.34Novel endocrine disrupter effects of classic and atypical antipsychotic agents and divalproex: induction of adrenal hyperandrogenism, reversible with metformin or rosiglitazone. ( Bahtiyar, G; Sacerdote, AS; Weiss, K, 2007)
" Valproic acid appears to be use cautionally in obese females with epilepsy."5.24Evaluate the effects of long-term valproic acid treatment on metabolic profiles in newly diagnosed or untreated female epileptic patients: A prospective study. ( Sadhotra, A; Sidhu, HS; Srinivas, R, 2017)
" Weight gain is a significant side effect of valproic acid, which has not been clearly identified pathogenetically."5.12The role of ghrelin in weight gain and growth in epileptic children using valproate. ( Akinci, A; Gungor, S; Ozerol, IH; Tabel, Y; Yologlu, S; Yücel, G, 2007)
"A significant weight gain and increase in serum leptin levels in the course of antiepileptic treatment with valproic acid (VPA) has been described in several clinical studies."5.10Increase in postprandial serum insulin levels in epileptic patients with valproic acid therapy. ( Abraham, I; Bauer, G; Hoppichler, F; Lechleitner, M; Luef, G; Trinka, E; Unterberger, I, 2002)
"Body mass index (BMI) and fasting serum concentrations of insulin and lipids were measured in 102 men with epilepsy who were treated with VPA, carbamazepine (CBZ), or oxcarbazepine (OXC) monotherapy."5.10Fasting serum insulin and lipid levels in men with epilepsy. ( Isojärvi, JI; Knip, M; Kotila, M; Myllylä, VV; Pakarinen, AJ; Pylvänen, V; Rättyä, J; Turkka, J, 2003)
" VPA-induced weight gain seems to be associated with many metabolic disturbances; the most frequent are hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance."4.89Metabolic and endocrine effects of valproic acid chronic treatment. ( Belcastro, V; D'Egidio, C; Striano, P; Verrotti, A, 2013)
"In the last years, a growing body of literature indicates an association between valproic acid therapy and weight gain."4.87Weight gain following treatment with valproic acid: pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical implications. ( Chiarelli, F; Coppola, G; D'Egidio, C; Mohn, A; Verrotti, A, 2011)
"Valproic acid (VPA), a widely used antiepileptic drug, has broad-spectrum activity against both generalized and partial epilepsy."4.85Valproate-induced insulin resistance and obesity in children. ( Chiarelli, F; la Torre, R; Mohn, A; Trotta, D; Verrotti, A, 2009)
"Valproic acid (2-n-propylpentanoic acid, VPA) is well-established as a mood-stabilizer for bipolar disorder, in addition to its application as a treatment in neurological disorders such as epilepsy, migraine headaches, and chronic neuropathic pain."4.84Valproate and neuroendocrine changes in relation to women treated for epilepsy and bipolar disorder: a review. ( Rasgon, NL; Reynolds, MF; Sisk, EC, 2007)
"To investigate the presence of insulin resistance in obese children with idiopathic epilepsy on valproic acid (VPA) monotherapy in comparison to obese otherwise healthy subjects."3.81Insulin resistance in patients on valproic acid: relation to adiponectin. ( Aly, RH; Amr, NH; Megahed, AA; Saad, WE, 2015)
"Valproic acid (VPA), as one of the most widely prescribed antiepileptic drugs (AED) for many types of epilepsy in adults and children, is associated with weight gain, alteration of adipocytokine homeostasis, insulin resistance and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)."3.79The novel insulin resistance parameters RBP4 and GLP-1 in patients treated with valproic acid: just a sidestep? ( Ebenbichler, CF; Laimer, M; Luef, G; Rauchenzauner, M; Salzmann, K; Sandhofer, A; Sturm, W; Tschoner, A; Walser, G; Wiedmann, M, 2013)
"We recruited 98 patients with epilepsy (45 taking phenytoin, 27 taking valproate, and 26 not taking any AED)."3.78Characterization of glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in adult, seizure-free, epileptic patients in Asian population. ( Geater, A; Limapichat, K; Phabphal, K; Sathirapanya, P; Setthawatcharawanich, S, 2012)
"Our study was carried out to ascertain the role of valproic acid for inducing metabolic disorders like hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome."3.77Fasting insulin and HOMA-index changes in patients treated with valproic acid. ( Javashvili, L; Kasradze, S; Mania, M; Okujava, N, 2011)
"This study was undertaken in 2 parts to investigate the relationship between body size and insulin resistance during treatment with valproic acid in children."3.76Weight gain and insulin resistance in children treated with valproate: the influence of time. ( Chiarelli, F; Chiavaroli, V; de Giorgis, T; Giannini, C; Masuccio, F; Mohn, A; Verrotti, A, 2010)
"Chronic antiepileptic therapy with valproic acid (VPA) is associated with increased body weight and insulin resistance in adults and children."3.74Adiponectin and visfatin concentrations in children treated with valproic acid. ( Ebenbichler, CF; Ernst, B; Haberlandt, E; Hoppichler, F; Karall, D; Luef, G; Rauchenzauner, M; Rostasy, K; Scholl-Bürgi, S, 2008)
"To investigate the possible role of valproic acid therapy in the development of the weight gain and hyperinsulinemia of epileptic patients."3.72[Insulin resistance in epileptic patients during treatment of valproic acid]. ( Bao, YY; Chen, Z; Ding, MP; Liu, ZR; Xu, LL, 2004)
"In order to investigate the possible role of valproic acid therapy in the development of obesity, hyperinsulinism and polycystic ovaries (PCOs), we have studied metabolic parameters and ovarian morphology in epileptic women."3.71Polycystic ovaries, obesity and insulin resistance in women with epilepsy. A comparative study of carbamazepine and valproic acid in 105 women. ( Abraham, I; Alge, A; Bauer, G; Haslinger, M; Lechleitner, M; Luef, G; Seppi, K; Trinka, E; Unterberger, I; Windisch, J, 2002)
" Leptin is considered a signaling factor regulating body weight and energy metabolism."3.71Serum insulin and leptin levels in valproate-associated obesity. ( Isojärvi, JI; Knip, M; Kotila, M; Pakarinen, A; Pylvänen, V; Turkka, J, 2002)
"Valproic acid is effective for treatment of many types of epilepsy, but its use in epileptic patients can be associated with an increase in body weight that could interfere with treatment compliance."3.71Insulin resistance in epileptic girls who gain weight after therapy with valproic acid. ( Basciani, F; Chiarelli, F; De Simone, M; Morgese, G; Trotta, D; Verrotti, A, 2002)
"Valproic acid (VPA) is an anti-epileptic drug used in patients with convulsive seizures and psychic disorders."1.43High-calorie diet inflates steatogenic effects of valproic acid in mice. ( Anuradha, CV; Bhavani, K; Sathiya Priya, C, 2016)
"Metabolic syndrome was more frequently associated with VPA-treated patients (41."1.34Metabolic and hormonal disturbances in women with epilepsy on antiepileptic drug monotherapy. ( Kim, JY; Lee, HW, 2007)
"Treatment with metformin or rosiglitazone prevents excess adrenal androgen synthesis."1.34Novel endocrine disrupter effects of classic and atypical antipsychotic agents and divalproex: induction of adrenal hyperandrogenism, reversible with metformin or rosiglitazone. ( Bahtiyar, G; Sacerdote, AS; Weiss, K, 2007)

Research

Studies (31)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's17 (54.84)29.6817
2010's11 (35.48)24.3611
2020's3 (9.68)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
George, LJ1
Singh, P1
Aneja, S1
Singh, R1
Solanki, RS1
Seth, A1
Liu, J1
Teng, Z1
Xie, H1
Yuan, H1
Liu, M1
Chen, J1
Tang, H1
Xiang, H1
Wu, H1
Huang, J1
Adegoke, TE1
Sabinari, IW1
Usman, TO1
Abdulkareem, TO1
Michael, OS1
Adeyanju, OA1
Dibia, C1
Omotoye, OO1
Oyabambi, AO1
Olatunji, LA1
Sidhu, HS1
Srinivas, R1
Sadhotra, A1
Belcastro, V1
D'Egidio, C2
Striano, P1
Verrotti, A5
Aly, RH1
Amr, NH1
Saad, WE1
Megahed, AA1
Sathiya Priya, C1
Bhavani, K1
Anuradha, CV1
Khan, S1
Kumar, S1
Jena, G1
Sedky, AA1
El Serafy, OMH1
Hassan, OA1
Abdel-Kawy, HS1
Hasanin, AH1
Raafat, MH1
Elmslie, JL1
Porter, RJ1
Joyce, PR1
Hunt, PJ1
Shand, BI1
Scott, RS1
la Torre, R1
Trotta, D2
Mohn, A3
Chiarelli, F4
Masuccio, F1
Chiavaroli, V1
de Giorgis, T1
Giannini, C1
Coppola, G1
Mania, M1
Javashvili, L1
Kasradze, S1
Okujava, N1
Phabphal, K1
Limapichat, K1
Sathirapanya, P1
Setthawatcharawanich, S1
Geater, A1
Rauchenzauner, M2
Laimer, M1
Wiedmann, M1
Tschoner, A1
Salzmann, K1
Sturm, W1
Sandhofer, A1
Walser, G1
Luef, G4
Ebenbichler, CF2
Abraham, I2
Haslinger, M1
Trinka, E2
Seppi, K1
Unterberger, I2
Alge, A1
Windisch, J1
Lechleitner, M2
Bauer, G2
Hoppichler, F2
Pylvänen, V2
Knip, M2
Pakarinen, AJ1
Turkka, J2
Kotila, M2
Rättyä, J1
Myllylä, VV1
Isojärvi, JI2
Ding, MP1
Bao, YY1
Chen, Z1
Liu, ZR1
Xu, LL1
Rasgon, NL2
Reynolds, MF2
Elman, S1
Saad, M1
Frye, MA1
Bauer, M1
Altshuler, LL1
Tan, H1
Orbak, Z1
Kantarci, M1
Koçak, N1
Karaca, L1
Kim, JY1
Lee, HW1
Bahtiyar, G1
Weiss, K1
Sacerdote, AS1
Sisk, EC1
Haberlandt, E1
Scholl-Bürgi, S1
Ernst, B1
Karall, D1
Rostasy, K1
Gungor, S1
Yücel, G1
Akinci, A1
Tabel, Y1
Ozerol, IH1
Yologlu, S1
Piontek, CM1
Wisner, KL1
Genton, P1
Bauer, J1
Duncan, S1
Taylor, AE1
Balen, AH1
Eberle, A1
Pedersen, B1
Salas-Puig, X1
Sauer, MV1
Pakarinen, A1
Basciani, F1
De Simone, M1
Morgese, G1

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Adults With Serious Mental Illness Using an Electronic Medical Record-based Clinical Decision Support[NCT02451670]10,347 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-01-20Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Predicted Annual Rate of Change in 10 Year Risk of Fatal or Nonfatal Heart Attack or Stroke

A modifiable risk component for each cardiovascular risk factor not at optimal goal at the time of each encounter was calculated as the difference between total 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk with the patient's actual values and the goal value. Total modifiable cardiovascular risk was calculated by summing the modifiable cardiovascula risk components across cardiovascular risk factors not at optimal goal at the time of the encounter, and was calculated for each enrolled patient at the index visit and each subsequent encounter during the intervention period. Annual rate of change in modifiable cardiovascular risk was estimated from all patient encounters. A comparison of the difference in model-estimated rate of change in modifiable cardiovascular risk at 12 months post-index tested the primary efficacy hypothesis. (NCT02451670)
Timeframe: Index to 12 months post index visit

Interventionpercentage of annual rate of change (Number)
Prioritized Clinical Decision Support14.2
Usual Care20.8

Reviews

5 reviews available for valproic acid and Insulin Resistance

ArticleYear
Metabolic and endocrine effects of valproic acid chronic treatment.
    Epilepsy research, 2013, Volume: 107, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Insulin Resistance; Leptin; Metabolic Syndrome;

2013
Valproate-induced insulin resistance and obesity in children.
    Hormone research, 2009, Volume: 71, Issue:3

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Epilepsy; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Valproic Acid; Weight Gain

2009
Weight gain following treatment with valproic acid: pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical implications.
    Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 2011, Volume: 12, Issue:5

    Topics: Androgens; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic Syndrome;

2011
Valproate and neuroendocrine changes in relation to women treated for epilepsy and bipolar disorder: a review.
    Current medicinal chemistry, 2007, Volume: 14, Issue:26

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Contraceptives, Oral; Epilepsy; Female; Hormone

2007
On the association between valproate and polycystic ovary syndrome.
    Epilepsia, 2001, Volume: 42, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Comorbidity; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Insulin

2001

Trials

4 trials available for valproic acid and Insulin Resistance

ArticleYear
Evaluate the effects of long-term valproic acid treatment on metabolic profiles in newly diagnosed or untreated female epileptic patients: A prospective study.
    Seizure, 2017, Volume: 48

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Choles

2017
Increase in postprandial serum insulin levels in epileptic patients with valproic acid therapy.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2002, Volume: 51, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Epilepsy; Fem

2002
Fasting serum insulin and lipid levels in men with epilepsy.
    Neurology, 2003, Feb-25, Volume: 60, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Body Mass Index; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Fasting; Humans; Hyper

2003
The role of ghrelin in weight gain and growth in epileptic children using valproate.
    Journal of child neurology, 2007, Volume: 22, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Blood Glucose; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Ch

2007

Other Studies

22 other studies available for valproic acid and Insulin Resistance

ArticleYear
Insulin Resistance in children on Sodium Valproate - A hospital based cross-sectional study in Indian children.
    Tropical doctor, 2023, Volume: 53, Issue:1

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Epilepsy; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Valproic Acid

2023
Prevalence and characteristics of polycystic ovarian syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder.
    Journal of affective disorders, 2023, 11-01, Volume: 340

    Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Prevalence; Valproi

2023
Allopurinol and valproic acid improve cardiac triglyceride and Na
    Archives of physiology and biochemistry, 2022, Volume: 128, Issue:5

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Aldosterone; Allopurinol; Animals; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Female

2022
Insulin resistance in patients on valproic acid: relation to adiponectin.
    Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2015, Volume: 131, Issue:3

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Blood Glucose; Child; Epilepsy, Generalized; Female; Human

2015
High-calorie diet inflates steatogenic effects of valproic acid in mice.
    Toxicology mechanisms and methods, 2016, Volume: 26, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diet, Western; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Fatty Liver;

2016
Valproic acid reduces insulin-resistance, fat deposition and FOXO1-mediated gluconeogenesis in type-2 diabetic rat.
    Biochimie, 2016, Volume: 125

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Insulin Resist

2016
Trimetazidine potentiates the antiepileptic activity and ameliorates the metabolic changes associated with pentylenetetrazole kindling in rats treated with valproic acid.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2017, Volume: 95, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Aorta; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Drug Synergism; Epilepsy; Hippocampus; I

2017
Comparison of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and adiponectin in overweight bipolar patients taking sodium valproate and controls.
    The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry, 2009, Volume: 43, Issue:1

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Body Mass Index; Comorb

2009
Weight gain and insulin resistance in children treated with valproate: the influence of time.
    Journal of child neurology, 2010, Volume: 25, Issue:8

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Homeostas

2010
Fasting insulin and HOMA-index changes in patients treated with valproic acid.
    Georgian medical news, 2011, Issue:199

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Carbamazepine; Cholesterol, HDL; Epilepsy; Female;

2011
Characterization of glucose homeostasis and lipid profile in adult, seizure-free, epileptic patients in Asian population.
    European journal of neurology, 2012, Volume: 19, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL; Cross-Secti

2012
The novel insulin resistance parameters RBP4 and GLP-1 in patients treated with valproic acid: just a sidestep?
    Epilepsy research, 2013, Volume: 104, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Child; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Female; Glu

2013
Polycystic ovaries, obesity and insulin resistance in women with epilepsy. A comparative study of carbamazepine and valproic acid in 105 women.
    Journal of neurology, 2002, Volume: 249, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Polycy

2002
[Insulin resistance in epileptic patients during treatment of valproic acid].
    Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences, 2004, Volume: 33, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Valproic Acid; Weight Ga

2004
Longitudinal evaluation of reproductive function in women treated for bipolar disorder.
    Journal of affective disorders, 2005, Volume: 89, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antimanic Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Cross-Sectional Studies

2005
Valproate-induced insulin resistance in prepubertal girls with epilepsy.
    Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM, 2005, Volume: 18, Issue:10

    Topics: Adolescent; Androstenedione; Anticonvulsants; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Cross-Sectional

2005
Metabolic and hormonal disturbances in women with epilepsy on antiepileptic drug monotherapy.
    Epilepsia, 2007, Volume: 48, Issue:7

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Carbamazepine; Comorbidity; Epil

2007
Novel endocrine disrupter effects of classic and atypical antipsychotic agents and divalproex: induction of adrenal hyperandrogenism, reversible with metformin or rosiglitazone.
    Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2007, Volume: 13, Issue:6

    Topics: 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone; Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Cortodo

2007
Adiponectin and visfatin concentrations in children treated with valproic acid.
    Epilepsia, 2008, Volume: 49, Issue:2

    Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Blood Glucose; Child; Epilepsy; Female; H

2008
Appropriate clinical management of women taking valproate.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 61, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Insuli

2000
Serum insulin and leptin levels in valproate-associated obesity.
    Epilepsia, 2002, Volume: 43, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Leptin;

2002
Insulin resistance in epileptic girls who gain weight after therapy with valproic acid.
    Journal of child neurology, 2002, Volume: 17, Issue:4

    Topics: Androgens; Anticonvulsants; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Follicle Stimul

2002