valproic acid and Body Weight studies

Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.
valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem.

Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"The Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial was a blinded, comparative-effectiveness study of fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, and valproic acid in benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus."	9.34	The association of patient weight and dose of fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, and valproic acid with treatment success in status epilepticus. ( Bleck, TP; Chamberlain, JM; Cloyd, JC; Cock, HR; Coles, LD; Conwit, RA; Elm, JJ; Fountain, NB; Kapur, J; Lowenstein, DH; Sathe, AG; Shinnar, S; Silbergleit, R, 2020)
" We aimed to assess the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic and inflammatory indices in patients with schizophrenia who were taking clozapine and sodium valproate."	9.27	Assessment of the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in patients with schizophrenia taking clozapine and sodium valproate. ( Akhavanrezayat, A; Amlashi, SV; Behdani, F; Ferns, GA; Ghayour-Mobarhan, M; Hebrani, P; Roudbaraki, SN; Saberi-Karimian, M; Tayefi, M, 2018)
"We have performed a randomised, prospective study to compare the efficacy and tolerability of sodium valproate (VPA) and lamotrigine (LTG) monotherapy, and their effects on circulating androgenic hormones, in newly diagnosed epilepsy."	9.12	Sodium valproate versus lamotrigine: a randomised comparison of efficacy, tolerability and effects on circulating androgenic hormones in newly diagnosed epilepsy. ( Brodie, MJ; Butler, E; Hitiris, N; Leach, JP; Leach, VM; Parker, P; Sills, GJ; Stephen, LJ; Wilson, EA, 2007)
"These pilot data, from the first prospective comparison study of risperidone and olanzapine in bipolar disorder, suggest that adjunctive administration of either agent may reduce depressive symptom severity."	9.11	The antidepressant effects of risperidone and olanzapine in bipolar disorder. ( Kennedy, SH; Konarski, JZ; Mancini, DA; McCann, S; McIntyre, RS; Srinivasan, J, 2004)
"The goal of this 5-year naturalistic study of patients treated with clozapine was to examine the incidence of treatment-emergent diabetes mellitus in relation to other factors, including weight gain, lipid abnormalities, age, clozapine dose, and treatment with valproate."	9.09	Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. ( Cagliero, E; Goff, DC; Gray, C; Hayden, DL; Henderson, DC; Nasrallah, RA; Schoenfeld, DA, 2000)
"To compare the incidence and magnitude of change in body weight associated with lamotrigine or divalproex sodium monotherapy in patients with epilepsy."	9.09	Weight change associated with valproate and lamotrigine monotherapy in patients with epilepsy. ( Barrett, PS; Biton, V; Hammer, AE; Mirza, W; Montouris, G; Vuong, A, 2001)
"A retrospective study of the Massachusetts General Hospital Bipolar Clinic database was carried out to identify 50 consecutive treatment trials in patients with DSM-IV bipolar disorder type I who had received adjunctive treatment with risperidone, olanzapine, or clozapine, along with standard mood stabilizers."	9.09	A naturalistic comparison of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder. ( Ghaemi, SN; Guille, C; Sachs, GS, 2000)
"The purpose of this study was to establish a protein binding model of unbound valproic acid (VPA) based on Chinese pediatric patients with epilepsy and provide a reference for clinical medication."	8.02	Population pharmacokinetics of unbound valproic acid in pediatric epilepsy patients in China: a protein binding model. ( Gu, X; Hu, Y; Jiao, Z; Li, Z; Ma, M; Peng, Q; Sheng, C; Yu, S; Zhou, B; Zhu, M, 2021)
"Weight gain is the most frequent adverse effect of valproic acid (VPA) treatment, resulting in poor compliance and many endocrine disturbances."	7.81	Association of LEPR and ANKK1 Gene Polymorphisms with Weight Gain in Epilepsy Patients Receiving Valproic Acid. ( Chen, X; Chen, Z; Hou, X; Huang, M; Li, H; Li, J; Ni, G; Su, Q; Wang, X; Xie, W; Xin, S; Zhou, L; Zhou, Y, 2015)
"To prospectively evaluate the long-term impact of valproate (VPA) versus carbamazepine (CBZ) on anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic parameters in young male patients treated for epilepsy."	7.81	Endocrine Effects of Valproate versus Carbamazepine in Males with Epilepsy: A Prospective Study. ( de Vries, L; Goldberg-Stern, H; Itzhaki, T; Landau, Z, 2015)
"Valproic acid (VPA) is widely used to treat various types of epilepsy."	7.80	Influence of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 -161C>T polymorphism on the concentration of valproic acid in pediatric epilepsy patients. ( Hayashi, H; Imai, K; Inoue, K; Inoue, Y; Itoh, K; Koyama, S; Suzuki, E; Takahashi, T; Takahashi, Y; Tsuji, D; Yamamoto, Y; Yazawa, R, 2014)
" We investigated the effects of valproic acid and topiramate on the levels of insulin, c-peptide and adipocytokines in pre-pubertal patients with idiopathic partial and generalized epilepsy."	7.79	The effects of topiramate and valproate therapy on insulin, c-peptide, leptin, neuropeptide Y, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin levels in children with epilepsy. ( Aksoy, A; Aliyazicioglu, R; Deger, O; Fazlioglu, K; Karaguzel, G; Sonmez, FM; Zaman, D, 2013)
" This study was designed to evaluate the effect of valproic acid (VPA) and progesterone (P4) in a rat model of endometriosis on serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, hot plate and tail-flick latencies, lesion size, and body weight."	7.78	Valproic acid and progestin inhibit lesion growth and reduce hyperalgesia in experimentally induced endometriosis in rats. ( Guo, SW; Liu, M; Liu, X; Zhang, Y, 2012)
" This retrospective study of children with epilepsy, aged <12 years at enrollment, examined weight gain associated with valproic acid or carbamazepine monotherapy."	7.74	Lack of valproic acid-associated weight gain in prepubertal children. ( Baumann, RJ; Espinosa, PS; Mendiondo, MS; Robertson, WC; Salazar, JC; Yu, L, 2008)
"To compare clinical responses of patients with pediatric bipolar disorder being treated with risperidone versus divalproex."	7.74	Comparative clinical responses to risperidone and divalproex in patients with pediatric bipolar disorder. ( Gonzalez-Heydrich, JM; Korndörfer, SR; MacMillan, CM; Mrakotsky, C; Tilley, CA; Withney, JE, 2008)
" Leptin is considered a signaling factor regulating body weight and energy metabolism."	7.71	Serum insulin and leptin levels in valproate-associated obesity. ( Isojärvi, JI; Knip, M; Kotila, M; Pakarinen, A; Pylvänen, V; Turkka, J, 2002)
"Subsets of psychiatric patients gain excess body weight while receiving mood-stabilizing agents such as lithium carbonate or valproate sodium."	7.71	Changes in body weight and body mass index among psychiatric patients receiving lithium, valproate, or topiramate: an open-label, nonrandomized chart review. ( Brar, JS; Chalasani, L; Chengappa, KN; Houck, P; Levine, J; Parepally, H, 2002)
"Lamotrigine was effective in all seizure types examined, particularly for typical and atypical absence seizures."	6.68	Lamotrigine for the treatment of epilepsy in childhood. ( Alving, J; Besag, FM; Dulac, O; Hosking, G; Spencer, SC; Wallace, SJ, 1995)
" The correlation with dose may be a spurious finding related to the fact that physicians, in adjusting dosage according to clinical response, are more likely to use larger doses in patients with high clearance values."	5.43	An investigation of the influence of patient-related factors and comedications on lamotrigine clearance in patients with epilepsy. ( Alexandre, V; Baldoni, AO; de Santi Ferreira, FI; Freitas-Lima, P; Martinez, EZ; Pereira, LR; Perucca, E; Queiroz, RH; Sakamoto, AC, 2016)
"Valproic acid (VPA) follows a non-linear pharmacokinetic profile in terms of protein-binding saturation."	5.42	A population pharmacokinetic model of valproic acid in pediatric patients with epilepsy: a non-linear pharmacokinetic model based on protein-binding saturation. ( Ding, J; Jiao, Z; Li, X; Lin, W; Miao, L; Wang, C; Wang, Y; Zhao, L; Zhao, Z, 2015)
"Acute lung injury was induced by producing 40 min of ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion in isolated perfused rat lungs."	5.42	Valproic acid attenuates acute lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. ( Chu, SJ; Huang, KL; Ko, FC; Tang, SE; Wu, GC; Wu, SY, 2015)
"The Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial was a blinded, comparative-effectiveness study of fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, and valproic acid in benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus."	5.34	The association of patient weight and dose of fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, and valproic acid with treatment success in status epilepticus. ( Bleck, TP; Chamberlain, JM; Cloyd, JC; Cock, HR; Coles, LD; Conwit, RA; Elm, JJ; Fountain, NB; Kapur, J; Lowenstein, DH; Sathe, AG; Shinnar, S; Silbergleit, R, 2020)
" We aimed to assess the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic and inflammatory indices in patients with schizophrenia who were taking clozapine and sodium valproate."	5.27	Assessment of the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in patients with schizophrenia taking clozapine and sodium valproate. ( Akhavanrezayat, A; Amlashi, SV; Behdani, F; Ferns, GA; Ghayour-Mobarhan, M; Hebrani, P; Roudbaraki, SN; Saberi-Karimian, M; Tayefi, M, 2018)
"Aripiprazole plus a mood stabilizer has minimal impact on metabolic changes in predominantly overweight/obese BPD patients over a 52-week period."	5.17	Investigation into the long-term metabolic effects of aripiprazole adjunctive to lithium, valproate, or lamotrigine. ( Baker, RA; Carlson, BX; De Hert, M; Eudicone, JM; Fyans, P; Kemp, DE; Marler, SV; Rahman, Z, 2013)
"The extent of lamotrigine interactions was investigated dependent on age, gender, weight and dose of concomitant carbamazepine and/or valproic acid in 65 patients with epilepsy."	5.16	Impact of age, weight and concomitant treatment on lamotrigine pharmacokinetics. ( Brzaković, BB; Martinović, ZJ; Miljković, BR; Pokrajac, MV; Prostran, MŠ; Vezmar Kovačević, SD; Vučićević, KM, 2012)
" Weight gain is a significant side effect of valproic acid, which has not been clearly identified pathogenetically."	5.12	The role of ghrelin in weight gain and growth in epileptic children using valproate. ( Akinci, A; Gungor, S; Ozerol, IH; Tabel, Y; Yologlu, S; Yücel, G, 2007)
"We have performed a randomised, prospective study to compare the efficacy and tolerability of sodium valproate (VPA) and lamotrigine (LTG) monotherapy, and their effects on circulating androgenic hormones, in newly diagnosed epilepsy."	5.12	Sodium valproate versus lamotrigine: a randomised comparison of efficacy, tolerability and effects on circulating androgenic hormones in newly diagnosed epilepsy. ( Brodie, MJ; Butler, E; Hitiris, N; Leach, JP; Leach, VM; Parker, P; Sills, GJ; Stephen, LJ; Wilson, EA, 2007)
"These pilot data, from the first prospective comparison study of risperidone and olanzapine in bipolar disorder, suggest that adjunctive administration of either agent may reduce depressive symptom severity."	5.11	The antidepressant effects of risperidone and olanzapine in bipolar disorder. ( Kennedy, SH; Konarski, JZ; Mancini, DA; McCann, S; McIntyre, RS; Srinivasan, J, 2004)
"The goal of this 5-year naturalistic study of patients treated with clozapine was to examine the incidence of treatment-emergent diabetes mellitus in relation to other factors, including weight gain, lipid abnormalities, age, clozapine dose, and treatment with valproate."	5.09	Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. ( Cagliero, E; Goff, DC; Gray, C; Hayden, DL; Henderson, DC; Nasrallah, RA; Schoenfeld, DA, 2000)
"A retrospective study of the Massachusetts General Hospital Bipolar Clinic database was carried out to identify 50 consecutive treatment trials in patients with DSM-IV bipolar disorder type I who had received adjunctive treatment with risperidone, olanzapine, or clozapine, along with standard mood stabilizers."	5.09	A naturalistic comparison of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder. ( Ghaemi, SN; Guille, C; Sachs, GS, 2000)
"To compare the incidence and magnitude of change in body weight associated with lamotrigine or divalproex sodium monotherapy in patients with epilepsy."	5.09	Weight change associated with valproate and lamotrigine monotherapy in patients with epilepsy. ( Barrett, PS; Biton, V; Hammer, AE; Mirza, W; Montouris, G; Vuong, A, 2001)
"The purpose of this study was to establish a protein binding model of unbound valproic acid (VPA) based on Chinese pediatric patients with epilepsy and provide a reference for clinical medication."	4.02	Population pharmacokinetics of unbound valproic acid in pediatric epilepsy patients in China: a protein binding model. ( Gu, X; Hu, Y; Jiao, Z; Li, Z; Ma, M; Peng, Q; Sheng, C; Yu, S; Zhou, B; Zhu, M, 2021)
"The alterations observed in body composition with valproic acid in contrast to other AEDs like levetiracetam, carbamazepine and phenytoin could affect treatment response in epilepsy especially in subjects with already altered body composition status like obese and thin frail patients, which needs to be established by prospective studies (CTRI/2013/05/003701)."	3.83	Comparison of body composition in persons with epilepsy on conventional & new antiepileptic drugs. ( Gupta, YK; Kakkar, AK; Sarangi, SC; Tripathi, M, 2016)
" Body weight gain, eye opening, the surface righting reflex (SRR) and tail suspension test (TST) were examined in the offspring at postnatal days 5, 10 and 15."	3.83	Early physical and motor development of mouse offspring exposed to valproic acid throughout intrauterine development. ( Filipović, L; Kanazir, S; Martać, L; Pavković, Ž; Pešić, V; Podgorac, J; Sekulić, S, 2016)
"To prospectively evaluate the long-term impact of valproate (VPA) versus carbamazepine (CBZ) on anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic parameters in young male patients treated for epilepsy."	3.81	Endocrine Effects of Valproate versus Carbamazepine in Males with Epilepsy: A Prospective Study. ( de Vries, L; Goldberg-Stern, H; Itzhaki, T; Landau, Z, 2015)
"Weight gain is the most frequent adverse effect of valproic acid (VPA) treatment, resulting in poor compliance and many endocrine disturbances."	3.81	Association of LEPR and ANKK1 Gene Polymorphisms with Weight Gain in Epilepsy Patients Receiving Valproic Acid. ( Chen, X; Chen, Z; Hou, X; Huang, M; Li, H; Li, J; Ni, G; Su, Q; Wang, X; Xie, W; Xin, S; Zhou, L; Zhou, Y, 2015)
"Valproic acid (VPA) is widely used to treat various types of epilepsy."	3.80	Influence of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 -161C>T polymorphism on the concentration of valproic acid in pediatric epilepsy patients. ( Hayashi, H; Imai, K; Inoue, K; Inoue, Y; Itoh, K; Koyama, S; Suzuki, E; Takahashi, T; Takahashi, Y; Tsuji, D; Yamamoto, Y; Yazawa, R, 2014)
" We investigated the effects of valproic acid and topiramate on the levels of insulin, c-peptide and adipocytokines in pre-pubertal patients with idiopathic partial and generalized epilepsy."	3.79	The effects of topiramate and valproate therapy on insulin, c-peptide, leptin, neuropeptide Y, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin levels in children with epilepsy. ( Aksoy, A; Aliyazicioglu, R; Deger, O; Fazlioglu, K; Karaguzel, G; Sonmez, FM; Zaman, D, 2013)
" This study was designed to evaluate the effect of valproic acid (VPA) and progesterone (P4) in a rat model of endometriosis on serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, hot plate and tail-flick latencies, lesion size, and body weight."	3.78	Valproic acid and progestin inhibit lesion growth and reduce hyperalgesia in experimentally induced endometriosis in rats. ( Guo, SW; Liu, M; Liu, X; Zhang, Y, 2012)
"Valproic acid monotherapy is associated with NAFLD in a high percentage of adolescents with epilepsy who have typical VPA-related metabolic disturbances."	3.77	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents receiving valproic acid. ( Agostinelli, S; Chiarelli, F; Coppola, G; Parisi, P; Verrotti, A, 2011)
" The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of age, gender, daily RUF dose per body weight (mg/kg), valproic acid (VPA), and enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) on RUF concentration-to-dose ratio (RUF serum concentration/RUF dose per body weight), RUF clearance (RUF dose/RUF serum concentration), and RUF trough concentrations."	3.77	Serum concentrations of rufinamide in children and adults with epilepsy: the influence of dose, age, and comedication. ( Boor, R; Brandt, C; Jürgens, U; Korn-Merker, E; May, TW; Rambeck, B, 2011)
"The study comprised 40 children and adolescents with idiopathic epilepsy on either valproate or carbamazepine."	3.76	Growth hormone levels in children and adolescents with epilepsy. ( Al-Badani, AK; Aly, GS; El-Khayat, HA; Mamdouh, RM; Mohamed, EI; Tomoum, HY, 2010)
"Rats exposed to valproic acid (VPA) on gestational day 12 (GD12) have been advanced as a rodent model of autism [Arndt TL, Stodgell, Rodier PM."	3.75	Interstimulus interval (ISI) discrimination of the conditioned eyeblink response in a rodent model of autism. ( Brown, KL; Murawski, NJ; Stanton, ME, 2009)
" This retrospective study of children with epilepsy, aged <12 years at enrollment, examined weight gain associated with valproic acid or carbamazepine monotherapy."	3.74	Lack of valproic acid-associated weight gain in prepubertal children. ( Baumann, RJ; Espinosa, PS; Mendiondo, MS; Robertson, WC; Salazar, JC; Yu, L, 2008)
"To compare clinical responses of patients with pediatric bipolar disorder being treated with risperidone versus divalproex."	3.74	Comparative clinical responses to risperidone and divalproex in patients with pediatric bipolar disorder. ( Gonzalez-Heydrich, JM; Korndörfer, SR; MacMillan, CM; Mrakotsky, C; Tilley, CA; Withney, JE, 2008)
"Subsets of psychiatric patients gain excess body weight while receiving mood-stabilizing agents such as lithium carbonate or valproate sodium."	3.71	Changes in body weight and body mass index among psychiatric patients receiving lithium, valproate, or topiramate: an open-label, nonrandomized chart review. ( Brar, JS; Chalasani, L; Chengappa, KN; Houck, P; Levine, J; Parepally, H, 2002)
" Leptin is considered a signaling factor regulating body weight and energy metabolism."	3.71	Serum insulin and leptin levels in valproate-associated obesity. ( Isojärvi, JI; Knip, M; Kotila, M; Pakarinen, A; Pylvänen, V; Turkka, J, 2002)
" The multiple peak approach has been used to evaluate the effect of age, total body weight, dose, gender and comedication (carbamazepine-induced change) on population estimates of valproic acid relative clearance."	3.69	Detection of carbamazepine-induced changes in valproic acid relative clearance in man by simple pharmacokinetic screening. ( Aoyama, T; Higuchi, S; Honda, T; Ohdo, S; Yukawa, E, 1997)
"Risperidone was shown to have significant anti-manic effects which was observed as early as week 1, following start of treatment."	2.77	Efficacy and safety of combination of risperidone and haloperidol with divalproate in patients with acute mania. ( Hsu, MC; Kuo, CC; Ouyang, WC; Yeh, IN, 2012)
"Valproic acid (VPA) has demonstrated potential as a therapeutic candidate for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in vitro and in vivo."	2.75	SMA CARNI-VAL trial part I: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of L-carnitine and valproic acid in spinal muscular atrophy. ( Acsadi, G; Bromberg, MB; Chan, GM; Crawford, TO; D'Anjou, G; Elsheik, B; Kissel, JT; Krosschell, KJ; LaSalle, B; Maczulski, JA; Prior, TW; Reyna, SP; Schroth, MK; Scott, CB; Simard, LR; Sorenson, SL; Swoboda, KJ, 2010)
"To assess changes in seizure frequency, medication side-effects (especially tremor) and formulation preference after switching patients overnight from immediate-release to extended-release divalproex sodium."	2.74	Seizure control and side-effect profile after switching adult epileptic patients from standard to extended-release divalproex sodium. ( Brannegan, RT; Evans, AT; Pierre-Louis, SJ, 2009)
"The study examined relative bioavailability of a novel valproic acid (VPA) delayed-release (DR) soft gelatin capsule formulation to divalproex sodium DR tablet under fasting conditions and the effect of food on the bioavailability of the VPA DR soft gelatin capsule."	2.73	Bioequivalence studies of a new valproic acid delayed-release capsule and divalproex sodium delayed-release tablet. ( Fang, Q; Garikipati, V; Toops, DS, 2008)
"To examine the metabolic effects of three divalproex dosing regimens in patients with migraine."	2.71	Effect of divalproex on metabolic parameters is dose related in migraine prophylaxis. ( Giordano, S; Green, MW; Jafari, M; Jiang, P; Smith, TB, 2005)
"Lamotrigine was effective in all seizure types examined, particularly for typical and atypical absence seizures."	2.68	Lamotrigine for the treatment of epilepsy in childhood. ( Alving, J; Besag, FM; Dulac, O; Hosking, G; Spencer, SC; Wallace, SJ, 1995)
"Lamotrigine (LTG) is a new antiepileptic drug (AED), chemically unrelated to the drugs in current use."	2.68	Serum concentrations of lamotrigine in epileptic patients: the influence of dose and comedication. ( Jürgens, U; May, TW; Rambeck, B, 1996)
" A review of the literature associated with our personal experience since 1976 has shown VPA to be a remarkably safe and effective antiepileptic drug in a wide range of epileptic conditions in children and adults."	2.39	[Tolerance to and unwanted effects of valproate sodium]. ( Despland, PA, 1994)
" Population pharmacokinetic model was developed on NONMEM® software by using first order conditional estimation method for estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters."	1.72	Comparative pharmacokinetics of valproic acid among Pakistani and South Korean patients: A population pharmacokinetic study. ( Ali, M; Bilal, R; Khan, HM; Khan, RR; Khokhar, MI; Saeed, HA; Shaukat, QU; Usman, M, 2022)
"A core yet understudied symptom of autism is aberrant eating behaviour, including extremely narrow food preferences."	1.72	Mild Hypophagia and Associated Changes in Feeding-Related Gene Expression and c-Fos Immunoreactivity in Adult Male Rats with Sodium Valproate-Induced Autism. ( Klockars, A; Laloli, KJ; Moscrip, CA; Olszewski, PK; Pal, T, 2022)
"Naringin (NRG) is a natural, therapeutically active flavanone glycoside with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant."	1.62	Protective effects of naringin on valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. ( Ates, B; Colak, C; Gunata, M; Koroglu, OF; Parlakpinar, H; Tanriverdi, LH; Vardi, N; Yildiz, A, 2021)
"Valproic acid data were adequately described by a 1-compartment model."	1.46	Population Pharmacokinetics of Valproic Acid in Patients with Mania: Implication for Individualized Dosing Regimens. ( Methaneethorn, J, 2017)
" The correlation with dose may be a spurious finding related to the fact that physicians, in adjusting dosage according to clinical response, are more likely to use larger doses in patients with high clearance values."	1.43	An investigation of the influence of patient-related factors and comedications on lamotrigine clearance in patients with epilepsy. ( Alexandre, V; Baldoni, AO; de Santi Ferreira, FI; Freitas-Lima, P; Martinez, EZ; Pereira, LR; Perucca, E; Queiroz, RH; Sakamoto, AC, 2016)
"Acute lung injury was induced by producing 40 min of ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion in isolated perfused rat lungs."	1.42	Valproic acid attenuates acute lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. ( Chu, SJ; Huang, KL; Ko, FC; Tang, SE; Wu, GC; Wu, SY, 2015)
"Valproic acid (VPA) has been reported as inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs)."	1.42	Valproate ameliorates thioacetamide-induced fibrosis by hepatic stellate cell inactivation. ( Aher, JS; Jain, S; Jena, G; Khan, S; Tikoo, K, 2015)
"Valproic acid (VPA) follows a non-linear pharmacokinetic profile in terms of protein-binding saturation."	1.42	A population pharmacokinetic model of valproic acid in pediatric patients with epilepsy: a non-linear pharmacokinetic model based on protein-binding saturation. ( Ding, J; Jiao, Z; Li, X; Lin, W; Miao, L; Wang, C; Wang, Y; Zhao, L; Zhao, Z, 2015)
"Thirty-five children with epilepsy were included in a prospective population pharmacokinetic study (using NONMEM(®) software)."	1.42	Pharmacokinetics of clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam in children with dravet syndrome receiving concomitant stiripentol and valproic Acid. ( Chhun, S; Chiron, C; Dulac, O; Jullien, V; Pons, G; Rey, E; Tod, M, 2015)
" Maternal levels and dosing information were used for estimating the maternal apparent oral clearance and the paired umbilical cord and maternal levels for estimation of umbilical cord/maternal level ratios."	1.42	Serum levels of valproic acid during delivery in mothers and in umbilical cord - correlation with birth length and weight. ( Brozmanova, H; Grundmann, M; Kacirova, I, 2015)
"Treatment with rosiglitazone (5, 10 mg/kg) and VPA (100, 200 mg/kg) for 21 days significantly attenuated these behavioral, biochemical, and cellular alterations as compared to control (QA 200 nmol) group."	1.40	Rosiglitazone synergizes the neuroprotective effects of valproic acid against quinolinic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats: targeting PPARγ and HDAC pathways. ( Chaudhary, T; Kumar, A; Mishra, J, 2014)
"Valproic acid (VLP) is a widely used anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug that relieves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, a pathogenetic process related to diabetes."	1.37	Wfs1 mutation makes mice sensitive to insulin-like effect of acute valproic acid and resistant to streptozocin. ( Ehrlich, K; Hansen, M; Kõks, S; Matto, V; Must, A; Oflijan, J; Punapart, M; Soomets, U; Terasmaa, A; Vasar, E, 2011)
"The body weights were recorded weekly."	1.36	[Effects of valproate acid on blood lipid, serum leptin and cerebral cortex in juvenile and adult rats]. ( Huang, SP; Li, D; Li, J, 2010)
"The aim of the present study was to build population pharmacokinetic models for the clearance of valproate (VPA) in 2 separate populations of Serbian patients with epilepsy, children and adults."	1.36	Factors influencing valproate pharmacokinetics in children and adults. ( Jankovic, S; Jankovic, SM; Milovanovic, JR, 2010)
"Total body weight, daily dose of valproate and concomitant therapy with PB are factors that significantly influence VPA kinetic disposition and they should be considered in programming dosage regimens for this antiepileptic drug in the pediatric population."	1.35	Population pharmacokinetics of valproate in Mexican children with epilepsy. ( Correa, T; Rodríguez, I; Romano, S, 2008)
" Sodium valproate was administered at the dosage of 10-30 mg/kg/d."	1.35	[Influence of age, body weight and dose on sodium valproate plasma concentrations in children with epilepsy]. ( Jiang, Z; Liao, HM; Peng, QL; Tang, JW; Zhang, J, 2008)
"Topiramate (TPM) has an evident efficacy in the treatment of childhood epilepsy for multiple pharmacologic properties."	1.34	[An experimental study on hepatotoxicity of topiramate in young rats]. ( Chen, XM; Huang, J; Ren, RN; Ye, LY, 2007)
" Future prospective studies are necessary to clarify whether the prescribed dosage should be different in young and older patients."	1.34	Age and gender effects on olanzapine and risperidone plasma concentrations in children and adolescents. ( Aichhorn, W; Hinterhuber, H; Kemmler, G; Marksteiner, J; Stuppaeck, C; Walch, T; Zernig, G, 2007)
"To develop a population pharmacokinetic model to evaluate the effects of variety of covariates on clearance of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its main metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZE) in Chinese population."	1.32	Population pharmacokinetic modeling of steady state clearance of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite from sparse routine clinical data. ( Jiao, Z; Shi, XJ; Zhao, ZG; Zhong, MK, 2004)
" At each dose, one group of male rats was euthanized after 4-week dosage (4-week dose group) and the other two were mated with untreated females after 4 (7-week dose group) or 7 (10-week dose group) weeks of treatment with valproic acid and their fertility was evaluated."	1.31	Effects of valproic acid on fertility and reproductive organs in male rats. ( Nishimura, T; Sakai, M; Yonezawa, H, 2000)
" Pharmacokinetic interactions between antiepileptic drugs represent a major complication of epilepsy treatment with polytherapy."	1.31	Investigation of phenobarbital-carbamazepine-valproic acid interactions using population pharmacokinetic analysis for optimisation of antiepileptic drug therapy: an overview. ( Yukawa, E, 2000)
" The patients were divided into two groups based on the initial dosing regimen."	1.31	Tolerability of oral loading of divalproex sodium in child psychiatry inpatients. ( Feaster, CS; Good, CR; Krecko, VF, 2001)
" Patients received phenobarbitone as monotherapy or in combination with either of the antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine or valproic acid."	1.30	Detection of a drug-drug interaction on population-based phenobarbitone clearance using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. ( Aoyama, T; Higuchi, S; Ohdo, S; To, H; Yukawa, E, 1998)
"23% which may be very useful for clinicians when establishing the initial VPA dosage regimen."	1.30	Population estimation of valproic acid clearance in adult patients using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data. ( Blanco-Serrano, B; Domínguez-Gil, A; García-Sánchez, MJ; Otero, MJ; Santos-Buelga, D; Serrano, J, 1999)
"Felbamate is a new antiepileptic drug (AED) with a good safety profile."	1.29	Weight loss in patients taking felbamate. ( Bergen, DC; Hoeppner, TJ; Kanner, A; Ristanovic, RK; Waicosky, K, 1995)
" Routine clinical pharmacokinetic data (n = 474) was collected from 250 patients receiving valproic acid and no other drug."	1.29	A feasibility study of the multiple-peak approach for pharmacokinetic screening: population-based investigation of valproic acid relative clearance using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data. ( Yukawa, E, 1995)
" It is concluded that 2-EH is not developmentally toxic by the dermal route in the Fischer 344 rat at and below treatment levels which produce maternal toxicity."	1.28	The developmental toxicity of 2-ethylhexanol applied dermally to pregnant Fischer 344 rats. ( Astill, BD; Fisher, LC; Gingell, R; Guest, D; Hodgson, JR; Kubena, MF; Murphy, SR; Tyl, RW; Tyler, TR; Vrbanic, MA, 1992)
" These findings should therefore be considered when defining dosage regimens or interpreting serum drug concentrations."	1.28	Analysis of the factors influencing anti-epileptic drug concentrations--valproic acid. ( Aoyama, T; Higuchi, S; Hirata, K; Ieiri, I; Yamada, H, 1990)
"We have previously reported that chronic administration of valproate in developing mice decreased brain aspartic and glutamic acid levels and increased the brain taurine content."	1.28	Valproate doubles the anoxic survival time of normal developing mice: possible relevance to valproate-induced decreases in cerebral levels of glutamate and aspartate, and increases in taurine. ( Hauhart, RE; Thurston, JH, 1989)
" for 6 weeks, and anticonvulsant and adverse effects during this period were studied."	1.28	Valproic acid in amygdala-kindled rats: alterations in anticonvulsant efficacy, adverse effects and drug and metabolite levels in various brain regions during chronic treatment. ( Fisher, JE; Hönack, D; Löscher, W; Nau, H, 1989)
"From the analysis of 115 cases of primary generalized epilepsies treated for a mean duration of 43 months with sodium valproate as sole therapy, it appears that: the mean effective daily dosage is 21 mg/kg; the efficacy of valproate proved excellent in 82."	1.27	[Monotherapy with sodium valproate in generalized primary epilepsy. 2d phase: Study of long-term efficacy and tolerance]. ( Feuerstein, J; Revol, M; Roger, J; Sallou, C; Truelle, JL; Vercelletto, P; Weber, M, 1983)
" There were no significant differences between weight gainers and weight-stable patients with regard to age, sex, pretreatment overweight, duration of treatment, dosage or serum levels of valproate."	1.27	Weight gain during treatment with valproate. ( Andersen, T; Dam, M; Dinesen, H; Gram, L, 1984)
" Twenty-three patients complained of various long-term adverse effects, while the other 17 remained symptom-free."	1.27	Long-term treatment with sodium valproate: monitoring of venous ammonia concentrations and adverse effects. ( Arnetoli, G; Campostrini, R; Messori, A; Paganini, M; Valenza, T; Zaccara, G; Zappoli, R, 1987)
" The VPA-400 dose was maternally toxic in as much as maternal weight gain was reduced, but no deaths occurred."	1.27	Teratogenicity and developmental toxicity of valproic acid in rats. ( Vorhees, CV, 1987)
" The plasma elimination half-life on GD 8 was 1."	1.27	Evaluation of valproic acid (VPA) developmental toxicity and pharmacokinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats. ( Binkerd, PE; Hendrickx, AG; Nau, H; Rowland, JM, 1988)

Research

Studies (140)

Authors

Clinical Trials (8)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Change in Food Intake.

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	21 (15.00)	18.7374
1990's	18 (12.86)	18.2507
2000's	46 (32.86)	29.6817
2010's	48 (34.29)	24.3611
2020's	7 (5.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Flaherty, PT	1
Greenwood, TD	1
Manheim, AL	1
Wolfe, JF	1
Pal, T	1
Laloli, KJ	1
Moscrip, CA	1
Olszewski, PK	1
Klockars, A	1
Usman, M	1
Shaukat, QU	1
Khokhar, MI	1
Bilal, R	1
Khan, RR	1
Saeed, HA	1
Ali, M	1
Khan, HM	1
Zhu, R	1
Wang, Q	1
Zhou, Y	2
Shi, W	1
Zhang, Y	2
Wang, M	1
Li, H	3
Zhao, R	1
Gai, Z	1
Krajnc, E	1
Samodelov, SL	1
Visentin, M	1
Kullak-Ublick, GA	1
Sathe, AG	1
Elm, JJ	1
Cloyd, JC	1
Chamberlain, JM	1
Silbergleit, R	1
Kapur, J	1
Cock, HR	1
Fountain, NB	1
Shinnar, S	1
Lowenstein, DH	1
Conwit, RA	1
Bleck, TP	1
Coles, LD	1
Gu, X	1
Zhu, M	1
Sheng, C	1
Yu, S	1
Peng, Q	1
Ma, M	1
Hu, Y	1
Li, Z	1
Jiao, Z	3
Zhou, B	1
Koroglu, OF	1
Gunata, M	1
Vardi, N	1
Yildiz, A	1
Ates, B	1
Colak, C	1
Tanriverdi, LH	1
Parlakpinar, H	1
Methaneethorn, J	1
Costalonga, EC	1
de Freitas, LJ	1
Aragone, DDSP	1
Silva, FMO	1
Noronha, IL	1
Behdani, F	1
Roudbaraki, SN	1
Saberi-Karimian, M	1
Tayefi, M	1
Hebrani, P	1
Akhavanrezayat, A	1
Amlashi, SV	1
Ferns, GA	1
Ghayour-Mobarhan, M	1
Rodrigues, C	1
Chhun, S	2
Chiron, C	2
Dulac, O	4
Rey, E	3
Pons, G	2
Jullien, V	2
Chang, HH	1
Chen, PS	1
Cheng, YW	1
Wang, TY	1
Yang, YK	1
Lu, RB	1
Galappatthy, P	1
Liyanage, CK	1
Lucas, MN	1
Jayasekara, DTLM	1
Abhayaratna, SA	1
Weeraratne, C	1
De Abrew, K	1
Gunaratne, PS	1
Gamage, R	1
Wijeyaratne, CN	1
Bai, X	1
Xu, C	1
Wen, D	1
Chen, Y	1
Wang, X	2
Zhou, L	2
Huang, M	2
Jin, J	1
Kotajima-Murakami, H	1
Kobayashi, T	1
Kashii, H	1
Sato, A	1
Hagino, Y	1
Tanaka, M	1
Nishito, Y	1
Takamatsu, Y	1
Uchino, S	1
Ikeda, K	1
Hackett, MJ	1
Kinderknecht, KD	1
Niemuth, NA	1
Taylor, JA	1
Gibbs, ST	1
Novak, J	1
Harbo, SJ	1
Maćkowiak, M	1
Bator, E	1
Latusz, J	1
Mordalska, P	1
Wędzony, K	1
Sonmez, FM	1
Zaman, D	1
Aksoy, A	1
Deger, O	1
Aliyazicioglu, R	1
Karaguzel, G	1
Fazlioglu, K	1
Onishi, Y	2
Okada, A	2
Noyori, H	1
Okamura, A	1
Hen, N	1
Yagen, B	4
Bialer, M	4
Fujiwara, M	2
Inoue, K	1
Suzuki, E	1
Yazawa, R	1
Yamamoto, Y	1
Takahashi, T	1
Takahashi, Y	1
Imai, K	1
Koyama, S	1
Inoue, Y	1
Tsuji, D	1
Hayashi, H	1
Itoh, K	1
Mishra, J	1
Chaudhary, T	1
Kumar, A	1
Aher, JS	1
Khan, S	1
Jain, S	1
Tikoo, K	1
Jena, G	1
Ding, J	1
Wang, Y	1
Lin, W	1
Wang, C	1
Zhao, L	1
Li, X	1
Zhao, Z	1
Miao, L	1
Furnari, MA	1
Saw, CL	1
Kong, AN	1
Wagner, GC	1
Tod, M	1
Ni, G	1
Su, Q	1
Chen, Z	2
Li, J	3
Chen, X	1
Hou, X	1
Xie, W	1
Xin, S	1
Wu, SY	1
Tang, SE	1
Ko, FC	1
Wu, GC	1
Huang, KL	1
Chu, SJ	1
Goldberg-Stern, H	1
Itzhaki, T	1
Landau, Z	1
de Vries, L	1
Cetinkaya, M	1
Cansev, M	1
Cekmez, F	1
Tayman, C	1
Canpolat, FE	1
Kafa, IM	1
Yaylagul, EO	1
Kramer, BW	1
Sarici, SU	1
Akindele, AJ	1
Otuguor, E	1
Singh, D	1
Ota, D	1
Benebo, AS	1
Kacirova, I	1
Grundmann, M	1
Brozmanova, H	1
Baldoni, AO	1
Freitas-Lima, P	1
de Santi Ferreira, FI	1
Martinez, EZ	1
Queiroz, RH	1
Sakamoto, AC	1
Alexandre, V	1
Perucca, E	1
Pereira, LR	1
Podgorac, J	1
Pešić, V	1
Pavković, Ž	1
Martać, L	1
Kanazir, S	1
Filipović, L	1
Sekulić, S	1
Sarangi, SC	1
Tripathi, M	1
Kakkar, AK	1
Gupta, YK	1
Jin, H	1
Guo, X	1
Barker-Haliski, ML	1
Heck, TD	1
Dahle, EJ	1
Vanegas, F	1
Pruess, TH	1
Wilcox, KS	2
White, HS	1
MacMillan, CM	1
Withney, JE	1
Korndörfer, SR	1
Tilley, CA	1
Mrakotsky, C	1
Gonzalez-Heydrich, JM	1
Jiang, Z	1
Zhang, J	2
Liao, HM	1
Tang, JW	1
Peng, QL	1
Martin, CK	1
Han, H	1
Anton, SD	1
Greenway, FL	1
Smith, SR	1
Garikipati, V	1
Toops, DS	1
Fang, Q	1
Espinosa, PS	1
Salazar, JC	1
Yu, L	1
Mendiondo, MS	1
Robertson, WC	1
Baumann, RJ	1
Murawski, NJ	1
Brown, KL	1
Stanton, ME	1
Correa, T	1
Rodríguez, I	1
Romano, S	1
Pierre-Louis, SJ	1
Brannegan, RT	1
Evans, AT	1
Rauchenzauner, M	1
Griesmacher, A	1
Tatarczyk, T	1
Haberlandt, E	1
Strasak, A	1
Zimmerhackl, LB	1
Falkensammer, G	1
Luef, G	3
Högler, W	1
El-Khayat, HA	1
Aly, GS	1
Tomoum, HY	1
Mamdouh, RM	1
Al-Badani, AK	1
Mohamed, EI	1
Li, D	2
Huang, SP	2
Swoboda, KJ	1
Scott, CB	1
Crawford, TO	1
Simard, LR	1
Reyna, SP	1
Krosschell, KJ	1
Acsadi, G	1
Elsheik, B	1
Schroth, MK	1
D'Anjou, G	1
LaSalle, B	1
Prior, TW	1
Sorenson, SL	1
Maczulski, JA	1
Bromberg, MB	1
Chan, GM	1
Kissel, JT	1
Jankovic, SM	1
Milovanovic, JR	1
Jankovic, S	1
Cansu, A	1
Ekinci, O	2
Serdaroglu, A	1
Gürgen, SG	1
Erdogan, D	1
Coskun, ZK	1
Tunc, L	1
Said, SA	1
El-Agamy, DS	1
Verrotti, A	3
Agostinelli, S	1
Parisi, P	1
Chiarelli, F	3
Coppola, G	1
May, TW	2
Boor, R	1
Rambeck, B	3
Jürgens, U	2
Korn-Merker, E	1
Brandt, C	2
Terasmaa, A	1
Soomets, U	1
Oflijan, J	1
Punapart, M	1
Hansen, M	1
Matto, V	1
Ehrlich, K	1
Must, A	1
Kõks, S	1
Vasar, E	1
Kemp, DE	2
Karayal, ON	1
Calabrese, JR	1
Sachs, GS	2
Pappadopulos, E	1
Ice, KS	1
Siu, CO	1
Vieta, E	1
Pinheiro, RM	1
de Lima, MN	1
Fries, GR	1
Garcia, VA	1
Presti-Torres, J	1
Hallmenschlager, LH	1
Alcalde, LA	1
Roesler, R	1
Andersen, ML	1
Quevedo, J	1
Kapczinski, F	1
Schröder, N	1
Niles, LP	1
Sathiyapalan, A	1
Bahna, S	1
Kang, NH	1
Pan, Y	1
Liu, M	1
Liu, X	1
Guo, SW	1
Ouyang, WC	1
Hsu, MC	1
Yeh, IN	1
Kuo, CC	1
Brzaković, BB	1
Vezmar Kovačević, SD	1
Vučićević, KM	1
Miljković, BR	1
Martinović, ZJ	1
Pokrajac, MV	1
Prostran, MŠ	1
Filgueiras, CC	1
Pohl-Guimarães, F	1
Krahe, TE	1
Medina, AE	1
De Hert, M	1
Rahman, Z	1
Fyans, P	1
Eudicone, JM	1
Marler, SV	1
Baker, RA	1
Carlson, BX	1
Nishigori, H	2
Kagami, K	1
Takahashi, A	1
Tezuka, Y	1
Sanbe, A	1
Chengappa, KN	1
Chalasani, L	1
Brar, JS	1
Parepally, H	1
Houck, P	1
Levine, J	1
Haney, M	1
Hart, CL	1
Vosburg, SK	1
Nasser, J	1
Bennett, A	1
Zubaran, C	1
Foltin, RW	1
Calderón Guzmán, D	1
Espitia Vázquez, I	1
Barragán Mejía, G	1
Labra Ruiz, N	1
Rodríguez Pérez, R	1
Santamaria del Angel, D	1
Ayala Guerrero, F	1
Juárez Olguín, H	1
Greco, R	2
Latini, G	2
De Simone, M	1
Shi, XJ	1
Zhao, ZG	1
Zhong, MK	1
McIntyre, RS	1
Mancini, DA	1
Srinivasan, J	1
McCann, S	1
Konarski, JZ	1
Kennedy, SH	1
Green, MW	1
Giordano, S	1
Jiang, P	1
Jafari, M	1
Smith, TB	1
Iannetti, P	1
Aichhorn, W	2
Marksteiner, J	2
Walch, T	2
Zernig, G	2
Saria, A	1
Kemmler, G	2
Aoki, Y	1
Sobol, E	2
Gastens, AM	1
Sun, Mz	1
Hausknecht, M	1
Löscher, W	2
Steve White, H	1
Lamb, JG	1
Pappo, O	1
Wlodarczyk, BJ	1
Finnell, RH	1
Pekary, AE	1
Stevens, SA	1
Sattin, A	1
Huang, J	1
Ren, RN	1
Chen, XM	1
Ye, LY	1
Kim, B	1
Kim, SJ	1
Son, JI	1
Joo, YH	1
Hamed, SA	1
Stephen, LJ	1
Sills, GJ	1
Leach, JP	1
Butler, E	1
Parker, P	1
Hitiris, N	1
Leach, VM	1
Wilson, EA	1
Brodie, MJ	1
Dutta, S	1
Faught, E	1
Limdi, NA	1
Hinterhuber, H	1
Stuppaeck, C	1
Espandiari, P	1
Schnackenberg, LK	1
Miller, TJ	1
Knapton, A	1
Herman, EH	1
Beger, RD	1
Hanig, JP	1
Gungor, S	1
Yücel, G	1
Akinci, A	1
Tabel, Y	1
Ozerol, IH	1
Yologlu, S	1
Goto, S	1
Seo, T	1
Hagiwara, T	1
Ueda, K	1
Yamauchi, T	1
Nagata, S	1
Ando, Y	1
Ishitsu, T	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Phase IV Study of the Effects of Divalproex Sodium on Food Intake and Energy Expenditure.[NCT00287053]	Phase 4	57 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-02-28	Completed
Multi-center Phase II Trial of Valproic Acid and Carnitine in Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA CARNI-VAL Trial)[NCT00227266]	Phase 2	94 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
A Phase II Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Dronabinol and BRENDA for the Treatment of Cannabis Withdrawal[NCT00480441]	Phase 2	61 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-08-31	Completed
1/2-MC4R Genotype and Pediatric Antipsychotic Drug- Induced Weight Gain[NCT01844700]	Phase 4	14 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Terminated (stopped due to very slow recruitment, no sufficient results)
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Rosiglitazone for Clozapine Induced Glucose Metabolism Impairment: Bergman's Minimal Model Analysis[NCT00337350]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-09-30	Completed
An Open Label Trial of Ziprasidone as an Adjuvant for Clozapine- or Olanzapine-Associated Diabetes Mellitus or Impaired Fasting Glucose in Chronic Schizophrenia[NCT00351000]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-01-31	Completed
Aripiprazole for Clozapine Associated Medical Morbidity[NCT00345033]	Phase 4	38 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2005-03-31	Completed
Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Adults With Serious Mental Illness Using an Electronic Medical Record-based Clinical Decision Support[NCT02451670]		10,347 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-01-20	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Change in food intake from baseline to week 3. (NCT00287053)
Timeframe: February 2006 to September 2006

Max CMAP Amplitude (Mean)

Intervention	kcal (Least Squares Mean)
1. Inactive Placebo Pill	-51
2. Active Medication	-90

The maximum Compound Motor Action Potential (CMAP) is a measurement obtained through EMG testing that is associated with disease progression. In this study, we measure the maximum CMAP by stimulating one nerve in the hand and measuring the response of the muscle. This is done multiple times, the outcome used is the highest peak, or response observed. (NCT00227266)
Timeframe: 1 month prior to official enrollment, beginning of study (0 months), 6 months, 12 months (data point not available)

Max CMAP Amplitude Median

Intervention	mV (Mean)
	Baseline	6 months
Cohort 1a Sitters Placebo Then Treatment	2.28	2.32
Cohort 1b Sitters Treatment	2.93	2.37
Cohort 2 Standers and Walkers - Treatment	5.52	6.56

Max CMAP Area (Mean)

Intervention	mV (Median)
	Baseline	6 months
Cohort 1a Sitters Placebo Then Treatment	1.91	1.44
Cohort 1b Sitters Treatment	2.2	1.8
Cohort 2 Standers and Walkers - Treatment	5.3	5.85

The maximum Compound Motor Action Potential (CMAP) area is a measurement obtained through EMG testing that is associated with disease progression. In this study, we measure the maximum CMAP by stimulating one nerve in the hand and measuring the response of the muscle. This procedure is repeated multiple times. The maximum area is the response that results in the largest area under the response curve. (NCT00227266)
Timeframe: 1 month prior to official enrollment, beginning of study (0 months), 6 months, 12 months (data point not available)

Max CMAP Area (Median)

Intervention	mVms (Mean)
	Baseline	6 months
Cohort 1a Sitters Placebo Then Treatment	5.46	5.28
Cohort 1b Sitters Treatment	5.45	5.26
Cohort 2 Standers and Walkers - Treatment	14.85	16.26

Modified Hammersmith Change From Baseline to 6 Months

Intervention	mVms (Median)
	Baseline	6 months
Cohort 1a Sitters Placebo Then Treatment	3.6	3.74
Cohort 1b Sitters Treatment	4.6	3.4
Cohort 2 Standers and Walkers - Treatment	13.65	16.85

Comparison of Modified Hammersmith Change from baseline to 6 months. Scores range from 0 to 40. A higher score indicates a better outcome. This scale is used to assess gross motor abilities of non-ambulant children with SMA in multiple research trials as well as in clinical settings. (NCT00227266)
Timeframe: 0 months, 6 months

Modified Hammersmith Extend Baseline

Intervention	Score (Mean)
	Baseline visit (0 weeks)	6 Month visit (V2)	Change from Baseline
Cohort 1a Sitters Placebo Then Treatment	20.0	20.6	0.6
Cohort 1b Sitters Treatment	16.6	16.8	0.2

"Baseline Modified Hammersmith Extend testing. The baseline test is the score they receive during their screening visits. This scale ranges from 0 to 56. A higher score indicates a better outcome.~This scale is used to assess gross motor abilities of children with SMA in multiple research trials as well as in clinical settings." (NCT00227266)
Timeframe: 1 month prior to enrollment, at enrollment (0 months)

Physiological Changes in Response to Cue-induced Craving.

Intervention	Score (Mean)
	Modified Hammersmith Extend at S1 (-4 weeks)	Modified Hammersmith Extend at S2 (0 weeks)
Cohort 2 Experimental	47.0	48.3

Functional MRI brain response to cannabis vs neutral cues. Higher T values represent increased blood flow in response to cues. (NCT00480441)
Timeframe: Baseline functional mri (fMRI), (prior to randomization)

Tolerability of Treatment

Intervention	T value (Number)
All Participants	5.65

Reports of side effects leading to discontinuation of treatment were examined in all participants. (NCT00480441)
Timeframe: baseline to two years

Percent Weight Change Compared to Baseline Weight

BMI Percentile

BMI Z-scores

Weight Change

Change From Baseline in Acute Insulin Response to Glucose (AIRG)

Intervention	participants (Number)
Placebo/Dronabinol	0

Intervention	percentage of weight change (Mean)
Ziprasidone	11.58
Aripiprazole, Quetiapine, Risperidone	5.66

Intervention	BMI percentile (Mean)
	baseline	week 12 (n=1, n=2)
Aripiprazole, Quetiapine, Risperidone	37.67	62.5
Ziprasidone	32	59

Intervention	BMI z-score (Mean)
	baseline	week 12 (n=1, n=2)
Aripiprazole, Quetiapine, Risperidone	-0.37	0.38
Ziprasidone	-0.51	0.22

Intervention	lbs (Mean)
	baseline	week 12 (n=1,2)
Aripiprazole, Quetiapine, Risperidone	118.5	141
Ziprasidone	120.5	151

Acute insulin response to glucose (AIRG) was assessed using a Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (FSIVGTT), performed at Baseline and at week 8 (study endpoint). Subjects in the Rosiglitazone treatment arm were compared to subjects in the placebo treatment arm on their change in SG between Baseline and week 8. AIRG was calculated from plasma glucose and serum insulin values using the MINMOD Millennium computer program. AIRG measures the acute(0-10 min) beta cell response to a glucose load calculated by the areas under the curve higher than basal insulin values. The AIRG was assessed as the incremental area under the curve (calculated by the trapezoid rule) from 0 to 10 min of the FSIVGTT. (NCT00337350)
Timeframe: baseline, week 8

Change From Baseline in Insulin Sensitivity

Intervention	Units/mL per 10 minutes (Mean)
Rosiglitazone	-151
Placebo	19

Insulin Sensitivity (IS) was assessed using a Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (FSIVGTT), performed at Baseline and at week 8 (study endpoint). Subjects in the Rosiglitazone treatment arm were compared to subjects in the placebo treatment arm on their change in IS between Baseline and week 8. SI was calculated from plasma glucose and serum insulin values using the MINMOD Millennium computer program. SI represents the increase in net fractional glucose clearance rate per unit change in serum insulin concentration after the intravenous glucose load (microUnits/mL). (NCT00337350)
Timeframe: baseline, week 8

Change From Baseline on Glucose Utilization (SG)

Intervention	microUnits/mL (Mean)
Rosiglitazone	3.2
Placebo	0.4

Glucose utilization (SG) was assessed using a Frequently Sampled Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (FSIVGTT), performed at Baseline and at week 8 (study endpoint). Subjects in the Rosiglitazone treatment arm were compared to subjects in the placebo treatment arm on their change in SG between Baseline and week 8. SG was calculated from plasma glucose and serum insulin values using the MINMOD Millennium computer program. SG represents the net fractional glucose clearance rate because of the increase in glucose independent of any increase in circulating insulin concentrations above baseline. (NCT00337350)
Timeframe: baseline, week 8

Change From Baseline in Fasting Glucose

Intervention	min^-1 (Mean)
Rosiglitazone	.002
Placebo	-0.01

Subjects on clozapine with adjunctive ziprasidone were compared to subjects on olanzapine with adjunctive ziprasidone on change in fasting glucose levels from baseline to study endpoint (week 6 - baseline) (NCT00351000)
Timeframe: baseline, week 6

Change From Baseline on Fasting Insulin

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
Clozapine Treatment With Adjunctive Ziprasidone	5
Olanzapine Treatment With Adjunctive Ziprasidone	-4.5

Subjects on clozapine with adjunctive ziprasidone were compared to subjects on olanzapine with adjunctive ziprasidone on change in fasting insulin levels from baseline to study endpoint (week 6 - baseline) (NCT00351000)
Timeframe: baseline, week 6

Change in Body Mass Index (BMI)

Intervention	microIU/L (Mean)
Clozapine Treatment With Adjunctive Ziprasidone	1
Olanzapine Treatment With Adjunctive Ziprasidone	-0.9

A comparison between aripiprazole group and placebo group of change in Body Mass Index (BMI) measured at Baseline and Week 8. (NCT00345033)
Timeframe: Measured at Baseline and Week 8

Change in Glucose Metabolism

Intervention	kg/m^2 (Mean)
Aripiprazole	-0.52
Placebo	0.03

A comparison between the aripiprazole group and placebo group in change in glucose metabolism measured at Baseline and Week 8. (NCT00345033)
Timeframe: Measured at Baseline and Week 8

Change in Insulin Resistance

Intervention	min^-1 (Mean)
Aripiprazole	0.003
Placebo	-0.005

A comparison between aripiprazole group and placebo group of change in insulin resistance measured at Baseline and Week 8. (NCT00345033)
Timeframe: Measured at Baseline and Week 8

Change in Total Cholesterol

Intervention	HOMA score (Mean)
Aripiprazole	0.6
Placebo	0.65

A comparison of aripiprazole group and placebo group in change in total cholesterol measured at Baseline and Week 8. (NCT00345033)
Timeframe: Measured at Baseline and Week 8

Change in Triglycerides

Change in Weight

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
Aripiprazole	-15.3
Placebo	5.6

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
Aripiprazole	-5.9
Placebo	-7.3

A comparison between aripiprazole group and placebo group in change in weight measured at Baseline and Week 8. (NCT00345033)
Timeframe: Measured at Baseline and Week 8

Predicted Annual Rate of Change in 10 Year Risk of Fatal or Nonfatal Heart Attack or Stroke

Intervention	kg (Mean)
Aripiprazole	-1.5
Placebo	0.3

A modifiable risk component for each cardiovascular risk factor not at optimal goal at the time of each encounter was calculated as the difference between total 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk with the patient's actual values and the goal value. Total modifiable cardiovascular risk was calculated by summing the modifiable cardiovascula risk components across cardiovascular risk factors not at optimal goal at the time of the encounter, and was calculated for each enrolled patient at the index visit and each subsequent encounter during the intervention period. Annual rate of change in modifiable cardiovascular risk was estimated from all patient encounters. A comparison of the difference in model-estimated rate of change in modifiable cardiovascular risk at 12 months post-index tested the primary efficacy hypothesis. (NCT02451670)
Timeframe: Index to 12 months post index visit

Intervention	percentage of annual rate of change (Number)
Prioritized Clinical Decision Support	14.2
Usual Care	20.8

Article	Year
The association of patient weight and dose of fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, and valproic acid with treatment success in status epilepticus. Epilepsia, 2020, Volume: 61, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; L	2020
Assessment of the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in patients with schizophrenia taking clozapine and sodium valproate. Psychiatry research, 2018, Volume: 261 Topics: Adult; Anthropometry; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Clozap	2018
Effect of valproic acid on body weight, food intake, physical activity and hormones: results of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2009, Volume: 23, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Attitude; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Creatinine; Delayed-Action	2009
Bioequivalence studies of a new valproic acid delayed-release capsule and divalproex sodium delayed-release tablet. Current medical research and opinion, 2008, Volume: 24, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Antimanic Agents; Body Weight; Capsules; Delayed-Action Preparat	2008
Seizure control and side-effect profile after switching adult epileptic patients from standard to extended-release divalproex sodium. Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 2009, Volume: 111, Issue:5 Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Data Interpretation	2009
SMA CARNI-VAL trial part I: double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of L-carnitine and valproic acid in spinal muscular atrophy. PloS one, 2010, Aug-19, Volume: 5, Issue:8 Topics: Age Factors; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Bone Density; Carnitine; Child; Child,	2010
Ziprasidone with adjunctive mood stabilizer in the maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder: long-term changes in weight and metabolic profiles. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Body Weight; Double-Blind Method; Dr	2012
Efficacy and safety of combination of risperidone and haloperidol with divalproate in patients with acute mania. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 2012, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Antimanic Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Body Wei	2012
Impact of age, weight and concomitant treatment on lamotrigine pharmacokinetics. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2012, Volume: 37, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Area Under Curve; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Child	2012
Investigation into the long-term metabolic effects of aripiprazole adjunctive to lithium, valproate, or lamotrigine. Journal of affective disorders, 2013, May-15, Volume: 148, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aripiprazole; Bipolar Disorder; Body Weight; Double-Blind Method; Drug	2013
Marijuana withdrawal in humans: effects of oral THC or divalproex. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2004, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Affect; Analysis of Variance; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Cannabis; Double-Blind Method; Dr	2004
Obesity and plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene in epileptic girls treated with valproate. Neuroendocrinology, 2004, Volume: 79, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; alpha-Tocopherol; Anticonvulsants; Antioxidants; beta Carotene; Body Weight; Carotenoids	2004
The antidepressant effects of risperidone and olanzapine in bipolar disorder. The Canadian journal of clinical pharmacology = Journal canadien de pharmacologie clinique, 2004,Fall, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antimanic Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Bipolar Disorder; Body W	2004
Effect of divalproex on metabolic parameters is dose related in migraine prophylaxis. Headache, 2005, Volume: 45, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; F	2005
Influence of age, gender, body weight and valproate comedication on quetiapine plasma concentrations. International clinical psychopharmacology, 2006, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Body	2006
Sodium valproate versus lamotrigine: a randomised comparison of efficacy, tolerability and effects on circulating androgenic hormones in newly diagnosed epilepsy. Epilepsy research, 2007, Volume: 75, Issue:2-3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Androgens; Androstenedione; Anticonvulsants; Body Mass Index; Body Weight;	2007
Valproate protein binding following rapid intravenous administration of high doses of valproic acid in patients with epilepsy. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2007, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epilepsy;	2007
The role of ghrelin in weight gain and growth in epileptic children using valproate. Journal of child neurology, 2007, Volume: 22, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Blood Glucose; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Ch	2007
Potential relationships between transaminase abnormality and valproic acid clearance or serum carnitine concentrations in Japanese epileptic patients. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 2008, Volume: 60, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Carnitine; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver	2008
Valproate affects reproductive endocrine function, testis diameter and some semen variables in non-epileptic adolescent goat bucks. Theriogenology, 2008, Jul-01, Volume: 70, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Endocrine System; Epilepsy; Flow Cytometry; Goat Diseases; Go	2008
Lamotrigine for the treatment of epilepsy in childhood. The Journal of pediatrics, 1995, Volume: 127, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Consumer Product Safety; Dose-Res	1995
Serum concentrations of lamotrigine in epileptic patients: the influence of dose and comedication. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 1996, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D	1996
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain, and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study. The American journal of psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 157, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Clozapine; Diab	2000
A naturalistic comparison of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 61, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Benzodiazepines; Bipolar Disorder; Body Weight;	2000
Weight change associated with valproate and lamotrigine monotherapy in patients with epilepsy. Neurology, 2001, Jan-23, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Lamotrigine;	2001
Which drug for the adult epileptic patient: phenytoin or valproate? British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1985, Mar-16, Volume: 290, Issue:6471 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Clinical Trials as Topic; Epilepsies, Partial; Epilepsy; Femal	1985

Article	Year
Synthesis and evaluation of N-(phenylacetyl)trifluoromethanesulfonamides as anticonvulsant agents. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1996, Mar-29, Volume: 39, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Epilepsy; Mesylates; Mice; NA	1996
Mild Hypophagia and Associated Changes in Feeding-Related Gene Expression and c-Fos Immunoreactivity in Adult Male Rats with Sodium Valproate-Induced Autism. Genes, 2022, 01-28, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Autistic Disorder; Body Weight; Eating; Gene Expression; Male; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fo	2022
Comparative pharmacokinetics of valproic acid among Pakistani and South Korean patients: A population pharmacokinetic study. PloS one, 2022, Volume: 17, Issue:8 Topics: Body Weight; Humans; Models, Biological; Pakistan; Republic of Korea; Valproic Acid	2022
The prevalence and risk factors of coagulopathy in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for epilepsy. Journal of neurosurgery. Pediatrics, 2023, 11-01, Volume: 32, Issue:5 Topics: Afibrinogenemia; Anticonvulsants; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Body Weight; Child; Epilepsy; Humans;	2023
Obeticholic Acid Ameliorates Valproic Acid-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Oxidative Stress. Molecular pharmacology, 2020, Volume: 97, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Body Weight; Cell Line, Tumor; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme	2020
Population pharmacokinetics of unbound valproic acid in pediatric epilepsy patients in China: a protein binding model. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2021, Volume: 77, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; China; Drug Dosage Calculations;	2021
Protective effects of naringin on valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Tissue & cell, 2021, Volume: 72 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Catalase; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Flavanones; Glutathione; Liv	2021
Population Pharmacokinetics of Valproic Acid in Patients with Mania: Implication for Individualized Dosing Regimens. Clinical therapeutics, 2017, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Body Weight; Drug Monitoring; Epilepsy;	2017
Anti-fibrotic effects of valproic acid in experimental peritoneal fibrosis. PloS one, 2017, Volume: 12, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; Calcium-Bindin	2017
A population pharmacokinetic model taking into account protein binding for the sustained-release granule formulation of valproic acid in children with epilepsy. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2018, Volume: 74, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Delayed-Action Preparations; Epil	2018
FGF21 Is Associated with Metabolic Effects and Treatment Response in Depressed Bipolar II Disorder Patients Treated with Valproate. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2018, 04-01, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Antimanic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Body Weight; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Therapy, Co	2018
Obstetric outcomes and effects on babies born to women treated for epilepsy during pregnancy in a resource limited setting: a comparative cohort study. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2018, Jun-14, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Body Height; Body Weight; Carbamazepine;	2018
Polymorphisms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) associated with valproate-induced obesity in epileptic patients. Psychopharmacology, 2018, Volume: 235, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alleles; Anticonvulsants; Asian People; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; CD36 Antige	2018
Effects of rapamycin on social interaction deficits and gene expression in mice exposed to valproic acid in utero. Molecular brain, 2019, 01-08, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Regulatory Networks; I	2019
A Factorial Analysis of Drug and Bleeding Effects in Toxicokinetic Studies. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2019, 07-01, Volume: 170, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Blood Volume; Body Weight; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Female; Hematologic Tests; Inj	2019
Prenatal MAM administration affects histone H3 methylation in postnatal life in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Body Weight; Brain; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Histone Demethy	2014
The effects of topiramate and valproate therapy on insulin, c-peptide, leptin, neuropeptide Y, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin levels in children with epilepsy. Seizure, 2013, Volume: 22, Issue:10 Topics: Adiponectin; Anticonvulsants; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Fruc	2013
Teratology study of amide derivatives of branched aliphatic carboxylic acids with 4-aminobenzensulfonamide in NMRI mice. Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology, 2013, Volume: 98, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Carboxylic Acids; Congenital Abnormalities; Embryo, Mammalian;	2013
Influence of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7 -161C>T polymorphism on the concentration of valproic acid in pediatric epilepsy patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 2014, Volume: 36, Issue:3 Topics: Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Drug Th	2014
Rosiglitazone synergizes the neuroprotective effects of valproic acid against quinolinic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats: targeting PPARγ and HDAC pathways. Neurotoxicity research, 2014, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Synergism; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors;	2014
Valproate ameliorates thioacetamide-induced fibrosis by hepatic stellate cell inactivation. Human & experimental toxicology, 2015, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Apoptosis; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Body Weight; Comet Assay; DNA	2015
A population pharmacokinetic model of valproic acid in pediatric patients with epilepsy: a non-linear pharmacokinetic model based on protein-binding saturation. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2015, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug	2015
Altered behavioral development in Nrf2 knockout mice following early postnatal exposure to valproic acid. Brain research bulletin, 2014, Volume: 109 Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antimanic Agents; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Exploratory	2014
Pharmacokinetics of clobazam and N-desmethylclobazam in children with dravet syndrome receiving concomitant stiripentol and valproic Acid. Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2015, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Clobazam; Dioxolanes; Drug I	2015
Association of LEPR and ANKK1 Gene Polymorphisms with Weight Gain in Epilepsy Patients Receiving Valproic Acid. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2015, Mar-03, Volume: 18, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Chromatography, High	2015
Valproic acid attenuates acute lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Anesthesiology, 2015, Volume: 122, Issue:6 Topics: Acetylation; Acute Lung Injury; Animals; Antioxidants; Body Weight; Capillary Permeability; Heme Oxy	2015
Endocrine Effects of Valproate versus Carbamazepine in Males with Epilepsy: A Prospective Study. Hormone research in paediatrics, 2015, Volume: 83, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Body Height; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Child; Epilepsy; Humans; Male;	2015
Protective Effects of Valproic Acid, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, against Hyperoxic Lung Injury in a Neonatal Rat Model. PloS one, 2015, Volume: 10, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Caspase 3; Disease Models, Animal; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors;	2015
Hypoglycemic, antilipidemic and antioxidant effects of valproic acid in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. European journal of pharmacology, 2015, Sep-05, Volume: 762 Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Calcium; Cytosol; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental	2015
Serum levels of valproic acid during delivery in mothers and in umbilical cord - correlation with birth length and weight. Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia, 2015, Volume: 159, Issue:4 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Biomarkers; Body Height; Body Weight; Delivery, Obstetric; Dose-Response Relationsh	2015
An investigation of the influence of patient-related factors and comedications on lamotrigine clearance in patients with epilepsy. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 2016, Volume: 43, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Drug Thera	2016
Early physical and motor development of mouse offspring exposed to valproic acid throughout intrauterine development. Behavioural brain research, 2016, 09-15, Volume: 311 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Developmental Disabilities; Dose-Respon	2016
Comparison of body composition in persons with epilepsy on conventional & new antiepileptic drugs. The Indian journal of medical research, 2016, Volume: 143, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Benzodiazepines; Body Composition; Body Water; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; C	2016
Valproic acid ameliorates coxsackievirus-B3-induced viral myocarditis by modulating Th17/Treg imbalance. Virology journal, 2016, Oct-10, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Coxsackievirus Infections; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Enterovirus B, H	2016
Acute treatment with minocycline, but not valproic acid, improves long-term behavioral outcomes in the Theiler's virus model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 2016, Volume: 57, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Anxiety Disorders; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Chi-Square Distribution;	2016
Comparative clinical responses to risperidone and divalproex in patients with pediatric bipolar disorder. Journal of psychiatric practice, 2008, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Body Weight; Child; Child, Pres	2008
[Influence of age, body weight and dose on sodium valproate plasma concentrations in children with epilepsy]. Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics, 2008, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant	2008
Lack of valproic acid-associated weight gain in prepubertal children. Pediatric neurology, 2008, Volume: 39, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Child; Child,	2008
Interstimulus interval (ISI) discrimination of the conditioned eyeblink response in a rodent model of autism. Behavioural brain research, 2009, Jan-23, Volume: 196, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Autistic Disorder; Body Weight; Conditioning, Eyelid; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Dis	2009
Population pharmacokinetics of valproate in Mexican children with epilepsy. Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition, 2008, Volume: 29, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	2008
Chronic antiepileptic monotherapy, bone metabolism, and body composition in non-institutionalized children. Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2010, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Anthropometry; Anticonvulsants; Body Composition; Body Height; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Carbama	2010
Growth hormone levels in children and adolescents with epilepsy. European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society, 2010, Volume: 14, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Developmental	2010
[Effects of valproate acid on blood lipid, serum leptin and cerebral cortex in juvenile and adult rats]. Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Leptin; Lipids; Myelin Sheath; Rats;	2010
Factors influencing valproate pharmacokinetics in children and adults. International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2010, Volume: 48, Issue:11 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Child; Child, Pre	2010
Effects of chronic treatment with valproate and oxcarbazepine on testicular development in rats. Seizure, 2011, Volume: 20, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Dose-Response Relationship,	2011
Prevention of sodium valproate-induced hepatotoxicity by curcumin, rosiglitazone and N-acetylcysteine in rats. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2010, Volume: 60, Issue:11 Topics: Acetylcysteine; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Convu	2010
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents receiving valproic acid. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B, 2011, Volume: 20, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Alanine Transaminase; Anticonvulsants; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Chemical and Drug In	2011
Serum concentrations of rufinamide in children and adults with epilepsy: the influence of dose, age, and comedication. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 2011, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response	2011
Wfs1 mutation makes mice sensitive to insulin-like effect of acute valproic acid and resistant to streptozocin. Journal of physiology and biochemistry, 2011, Volume: 67, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Creatinine; Drug Resistance; Glucose; Glycosuria; Hypoglycemic	2011
Early life stress exacerbates cognitive dysfunction induced by d-amphetamine: amelioration by valproic acid. Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2012, Volume: 119, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Antimanic Agents; Behavior, Animal; Bipolar Disorder; Body Weight; Central Nervous System S	2012
Valproic acid up-regulates melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors and neurotrophic factors CDNF and MANF in the rat brain. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2012, Volume: 15, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Blotting, Western; Body Weight; Drinking; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotro	2012
Valproic acid and progestin inhibit lesion growth and reduce hyperalgesia in experimentally induced endometriosis in rats. Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), 2012, Volume: 19, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Disease Models, Animal; Endometriosis; Female; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors;	2012
Sodium valproate exposure during the brain growth spurt transiently impairs spatial learning in prepubertal rats. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2013, Volume: 103, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Female; Male; Maze Learning; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Sexual Maturation;	2013
Impaired social behavior in chicks exposed to sodium valproate during the last week of embryogenesis. Psychopharmacology, 2013, Volume: 227, Issue:3 Topics: Aging; Animals; Anxiety, Separation; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Brain; Chick Embryo; Embryonic D	2013
Changes in body weight and body mass index among psychiatric patients receiving lithium, valproate, or topiramate: an open-label, nonrandomized chart review. Clinical therapeutics, 2002, Volume: 24, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Antimanic Agents; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Data Collection; Female; Fru	2002
Effect of valproic acid on levels of GABA and glutamic acid in pentylenetetrazole-damaged rat brain. Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society, 2003, Volume: 46 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Convulsants; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutam	2003
Population pharmacokinetic modeling of steady state clearance of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite from sparse routine clinical data. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2004, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Asian People; Body Weight; Carbamazepine;	2004
Leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin in epileptic patients treated with valproic acid. Neurology, 2005, Dec-13, Volume: 65, Issue:11 Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Appetite Regulation; Body Weight; B	2005
Teratology study of derivatives of tetramethylcyclopropyl amide analogues of valproic acid in mice. Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology, 2006, Volume: 77, Issue:3 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Amides; Animals; Body Weight; Cesarean Section; Cyclopropanes; Female;	2006
Treatment with valproate after status epilepticus: effect on neuronal damage, epileptogenesis, and behavioral alterations in rats. Neuropharmacology, 2006, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cell Death; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Re	2006
Preclinical evaluation of 2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropanecarbonyl-urea, a novel, second generation to valproic acid, antiepileptic drug. Neuropharmacology, 2006, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cells, Cultured; Cere	2006
Valproate and copper accelerate TRH-like peptide synthesis in male rat pancreas and reproductive tissues. Peptides, 2006, Volume: 27, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Copper; Genitalia, Male; Male; Pancreas; Peptides; Prostate; Ra	2006
[An experimental study on hepatotoxicity of topiramate in young rats]. Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics, 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fructose; Glutathione; Lipi	2007
Weight change in the acute treatment of bipolar I disorder: a naturalistic observational study of psychiatric inpatients. Journal of affective disorders, 2008, Volume: 105, Issue:1-3 Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Bipolar Disorder; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Drug A	2008
[Effects of topiramate and valproate acid on serum insulin and leptin levels in young and adult rats]. Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics, 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Female; Fructose; Insulin; Leptin; Rats; Rats, S	2007
Age and gender effects on olanzapine and risperidone plasma concentrations in children and adolescents. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 17, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Antimanic Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Body Weight; Chil	2007
Age-related differences in susceptibility to toxic effects of valproic acid in rats. Journal of applied toxicology : JAT, 2008, Volume: 28, Issue:5 Topics: Aging; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Blood Cell Count; Blood Chemical Analysis; Bo	2008
[Monotherapy with sodium valproate in generalized primary epilepsy. 2d phase: Study of long-term efficacy and tolerance]. La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris, 1983, Apr-21, Volume: 59, Issue:16 Topics: Adult; Amylases; Body Weight; Drug Tolerance; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pregnancy	1983
Weight gain during treatment with valproate. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1984, Volume: 70, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Va	1984
Effects of sodium valproate in 100 children with special reference to weight. British medical journal (Clinical research ed.), 1981, Aug-29, Volume: 283, Issue:6291 Topics: Adolescent; Appetite; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Infant; Male;	1981
Evidence that a GABAergic mechanism influences the development of DOCA-salt hypertension in the rat. European journal of pharmacology, 1982, Sep-10, Volume: 83, Issue:1-2 Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Desoxycorticosterone; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hypertension; M	1982
Plasma levels of sodium valproate in childhood epilepsy. Scottish medical journal, 1982, Volume: 27, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dru	1982
Developmental toxicity and structure-activity relationships of aliphatic acids, including dose-response assessment of valproic acid in mice and rats. Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1994, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Acids; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Female; Male; Mice; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Da	1994
The influence of polytherapy on the relationships between serum carbamazepine and its metabolites in epileptic children. Epilepsy research, 1994, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Aging; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dru	1994
Obesity and endocrine disorders in women taking valproate for epilepsy. Annals of neurology, 1996, Volume: 39, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; Endocrine	1996
Weight loss in patients taking felbamate. Clinical neuropharmacology, 1995, Volume: 18, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Child; Epilepsy; Felbamate; Humans; Middle Aged; Ph	1995
A feasibility study of the multiple-peak approach for pharmacokinetic screening: population-based investigation of valproic acid relative clearance using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1995, Volume: 47, Issue:12A Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Computer Simulation; Feasi	1995
Detection of carbamazepine-induced changes in valproic acid relative clearance in man by simple pharmacokinetic screening. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1997, Volume: 49, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug	1997
Valnoctamide, valpromide and valnoctic acid are much less teratogenic in mice than valproic acid. Epilepsy research, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Amides; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Embryo, Mammalian; Femal	1998
Detection of a drug-drug interaction on population-based phenobarbitone clearance using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1998, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Child; Child, Preschool	1998
Population estimation of valproic acid clearance in adult patients using routine clinical pharmacokinetic data. Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition, 1999, Volume: 20, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Female; Humans; Male; Meta	1999
Appropriate clinical management of women taking valproate. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2000, Volume: 61, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Insuli	2000
Effects of valproic acid on fertility and reproductive organs in male rats. The Journal of toxicological sciences, 2000, Volume: 25, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Female; Fertility; Genitalia, Male; Male; Organ Size; Pregnan	2000
Valproate, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries: a report of 3 cases. Archives of neurology, 2000, Volume: 57, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; H	2000
Investigation of phenobarbital-carbamazepine-valproic acid interactions using population pharmacokinetic analysis for optimisation of antiepileptic drug therapy: an overview. Drug metabolism and drug interactions, 2000, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anticonvulsants; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Child; Child, Preschool;	2000
Valproate, but not lamotrigine, induces ovarian morphological changes in Wistar rats. Experimental and toxicologic pathology : official journal of the Gesellschaft fur Toxikologische Pathologie, 2001, Volume: 52, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Female; Immunoenzyme	2001
Divalproex in the long-term treatment of chronic daily headache. Headache, 2001, Volume: 41, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Female; Headache Disorders; Humans; Male; Migraine Disorders; Retrospective Stud	2001
Tolerability of oral loading of divalproex sodium in child psychiatry inpatients. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 2001,Spring, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Antimanic Agents; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Obesity; Retrospec	2001
Weight change associated with valproate and lamotrigine monotherapy in patients with epilepsy. Neurology, 2001, Aug-14, Volume: 57, Issue:3 Topics: Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Epilepsy; Humans; Triazines; Valproic Acid	2001
Hyperandrogenism, postprandial hyperinsulinism and the risk of PCOS in a cross sectional study of women with epilepsy treated with valproate. Epilepsy research, 2002, Volume: 48, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Confidence Intervals; Cross-Sectional Studies;	2002
A retrospective comparison of weight, lipid, and glucose changes between risperidone- and olanzapine-treated inpatients: metabolic outcomes after 1 year. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2002, Volume: 63, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Benzodiazepines; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Dia	2002
Serum insulin and leptin levels in valproate-associated obesity. Epilepsia, 2002, Volume: 43, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Leptin;	2002
Pharmacokinetics of di-n-propylacetate in epileptic patients. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1975, Feb-28, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;	1975
Sodium valproate in the treatment of resistant epilepsy. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1976, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alopecia; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Diarrhea; Drug Interactions; Epilepsies,	1976
The developmental toxicity of 2-ethylhexanol applied dermally to pregnant Fischer 344 rats. Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1992, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Body Weight; Congenital Abnormalities; Dose-Response Relationshi	1992
Calcium valproate-induced uterine adenocarcinomas in Wistar rats. Toxicology, 1992, Volume: 71, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Female; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Rats; Ra	1992
Lack of teratogenicity of trans-2-ene-valproic acid compared to valproic acid in rats. Teratology, 1991, Volume: 43, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturat	1991
Analysis of the factors influencing anti-epileptic drug concentrations--carbamazepine. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 1990, Volume: 15, Issue:5 Topics: Aging; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Female; Huma	1990
Analysis of the factors influencing anti-epileptic drug concentrations--valproic acid. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 1990, Volume: 15, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Dose-Response Rel	1990
Side-effects of sodium valproate, mainly related to its hepatic and pancreatic toxicity. International journal of clinical pharmacology research, 1986, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amylases; Body Weight; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Child; Child	1986
Valproate doubles the anoxic survival time of normal developing mice: possible relevance to valproate-induced decreases in cerebral levels of glutamate and aspartate, and increases in taurine. Life sciences, 1989, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Animals, Suckling; Aspartic Acid; Body Weight; Brain; Glucose; Glutamates; Hypoxia; Mice; T	1989
Valproic acid in amygdala-kindled rats: alterations in anticonvulsant efficacy, adverse effects and drug and metabolite levels in various brain regions during chronic treatment. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1989, Volume: 250, Issue:3 Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Temperature Regulation; Body Weight; Brain; Female; Kindlin	1989
Relationship between ossification and body weight of the CD-1 mouse fetus exposed in utero to anticonvulsant drugs. Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis, 1986, Volume: 6, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetu	1986
Evidence that a GABAergic mechanism influences the development of obesity in obese Zucker rats. Pharmacological research communications, 1988, Volume: 20, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Body Weight; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Insulin; Obesity; Rats; Rats, Zucker;	1988
Sodium valproate monotherapy in childhood epilepsy. Brain & development, 1986, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Electroencephalography; Epilepsies, Myoclon	1986
[Valproic acid, curly hair and weight gain]. Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria, 1986, Volume: 44, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Epilepsy; Female; Hair; Humans; Valproic Acid	1986
Long-term treatment with sodium valproate: monitoring of venous ammonia concentrations and adverse effects. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 1987, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alopecia; Ammonia; Body Weight; Child; Epilepsy; Female; Gastrointestinal Disease	1987
Teratogenicity and developmental toxicity of valproic acid in rats. Teratology, 1987, Volume: 35, Issue:2 Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Dru	1987
Evaluation of valproic acid (VPA) developmental toxicity and pharmacokinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats. Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 1988, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Female; Fetal Death; Male; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred	1988
Valproate metabolite concentrations in brain increase with chronic administration of sodium valproate. Life sciences, 1985, Nov-25, Volume: 37, Issue:21 Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors; Valpro	1985
Serum concentrations of valproic acid: influence of dose and comedication. Therapeutic drug monitoring, 1985, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Weight; Carbamazepine; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epileps	1985
Concentration of valproate during pregnancy, in the newborn and in breast milk. Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 1985, Volume: 72, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Epilepsy; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Kinetics; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Milk,	1985

valproic acid and Body Weight