uric acid and Disease Exacerbation studies

Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.
uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.
6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.
7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Edaravone in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was analyzed in two phase 3 studies (MCI186-16 and MCI186-19)."	9.51	Associations between urate levels and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional score with edaravone treatment: Post hoc analysis of studies MCI186-16, MCI186-17, and MCI186-19. ( Kano, O; Nagano, Y; Nelson, S; Takahashi, F; Ushirogawa, Y; Yoneoka, T, 2022)
"In Japanese patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia, 24 months of febuxostat treatment did not delay carotid atherosclerosis progression, compared with non-pharmacological care."	9.34	Febuxostat does not delay progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: A randomized, controlled trial. ( Eguchi, K; Higashi, Y; Ishibashi, R; Ishizaka, N; Ishizu, T; Kanzaki, Y; Kario, K; Kato, T; Maemura, K; Murohara, T; Node, K; Ohishi, M; Oyama, JI; Sata, M; Sezai, A; Taguchi, I; Tanaka, A; Teragawa, H; Tomiyama, H; Toyoda, S; Ueda, S; Yamada, H; Yokote, K, 2020)
"The European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA) was a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial comparing the effects of a 4-year treatment with either lacidipine or atenolol on progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with moderate hypertension."	9.30	Serum uric acid and resistance to antihypertensive treatment: data from the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis. ( Bombelli, M; Cuspidi, C; Facchetti, R; Grassi, G; Macchiarulo, M; Maggiolini, D; Mancia, G; Parati, G, 2019)
"Traditionally, allopurinol is not initiated during an acute gout attack to avoid prolonging the painful arthritis."	9.20	Does starting allopurinol prolong acute treated gout? A randomized clinical trial. ( Collamer, A; Higgs, J; Hill, EM; Sit, M; Sky, K, 2015)
"We evaluated the association between baseline uric acid and the primary composite outcome of doubling of interstitium or ESRD from interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA) in the Angiotensin II Blockade for Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (ABCAN) Trial participants."	9.19	Uric acid and allograft loss from interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy: post hoc analysis from the angiotensin II blockade in chronic allograft nephropathy trial. ( Hart, A; Ibrahim, HN; Jackson, S; Kasiske, BL; Matas, AJ; Mauer, MS; Najafian, B; Spong, R, 2014)
"Serum uric acid (sUA) level may be associated with cognitive impairment/dementia."	8.93	Serum uric acid level and association with cognitive impairment and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Dawson, J; Fan, Y; Hewitt, J; Khan, AA; Quinn, TJ, 2016)
"After uric acid was recognized as the causative factor in gout, increased prevalence of renal disease and hypertension in this patient population caught the attention of the medical community."	8.86	Uric acid in hypertension and renal disease: the chicken or the egg? ( Covic, A; Dogan, E; Kanbay, M; Lanaspa, MA; Solak, Y, 2010)
"Although hyperuricemia has long been associated with renal disease, uric acid has not been considered as a true mediator of progression of renal disease."	8.82	Uric acid and chronic renal disease: possible implication of hyperuricemia on progression of renal disease. ( Kang, DH; Nakagawa, T, 2005)
"In this study we examined the relationship between urate levels at baseline and functional change measured by the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) total score after edaravone treatment."	8.12	Associations between the ALSFRS-R score and urate levels during 12 months of edaravone treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Post hoc analysis of ALSFRS-R scores in clinical studies MCI186-16, MCI186-17, and MCI186-19. ( Kano, O; Nagano, Y; Nelson, S; Takahashi, F; Ushirogawa, Y; Yoneoka, T, 2022)
"The prospect of using the antioxidant dipeptide carnosine for the treatment of urate nephrolithiasis was evaluated."	8.02	Effect of Carnosine on the Course of Experimental Urate Nephrolithiasis. ( Azarova, OV; Bobrov, IP; Kalnitsky, AS; Makarova, OG; Mazko, ON; Zharikov, AY, 2021)
" This study was designed to evaluate the influences of long-term xanthine oxidase inhibitor (febuxostat) prescription on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, and new-onset heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in these patients."	7.96	Association between long-term prescription of febuxostat and the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with hypertension and asymptomatic hyperuricemia. ( Gu, J; Lin, H; Pan, JA; Wang, CQ; Zhang, JF, 2020)
"Serum uric acid levels and protein excretion in women that develop eclampsia."	7.91	Increased proteinuria and uric acid levels are associated with eclamptic crisis. ( Antonello, IC; da Cunha Filho, EV; Hentschke, MR; Luz, JH; Paula, LG; Pinheiro da Costa, BE; Poli-de-Figueiredo, CE, 2019)
"Elevated serum uric acid (sUA) concentrations have been associated with worse prognosis in heart failure (HF) but little is known about elderly patients."	7.88	Elevated serum uric acid concentration at discharge confers additive prognostic value in elderly patients with acute heart failure. ( Alunni, G; Ambrosio, G; Biagioli, P; Borghi, C; Carluccio, E; Coiro, S; D'Antonio, A; Girerd, N; Mengoni, A; Murrone, A; Zuchi, C, 2018)
"This study aims to investigate relationship between the level of uric acid (UA) and UA/creatinine ratios (UA/Cr) to the stage of Parkinson disease (PD)."	7.88	Level of uric acid and uric acid/creatinine ratios in correlation with stage of Parkinson disease. ( Cao, H; Ju, KJ; Song, YQ; Tian, XY; Zhong, LL, 2018)
"The model consisted of heat stress exposure (1 h, 37°C) plus rhabdomyolysis (R) induced by repetitive IM injections of glycerol (7."	7.88	Kidney Injury from Recurrent Heat Stress and Rhabdomyolysis: Protective Role of Allopurinol and Sodium Bicarbonate. ( Blas-Marron, MG; García-Arroyo, FE; Glaser, J; Gonzaga, G; Johnson, RJ; Madero, M; Muñoz-Jimenez, I; Osorio-Alonso, H; Roncal-Jiménez, CA; Sánchez-Lozada, LG; Silverio, O; Tapia, E; Weiss, I, 2018)
"We assessed the prospective association between baseline serum uric acid levels and consequent risk of developing diabetic retinopathy."	7.85	Serum uric acid levels are associated with increased risk of newly developed diabetic retinopathy among Japanese male patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study (diabetes distress and care registry at Tenri [DDCRT 13]). ( Hayashino, Y; Ishii, H; Kuwata, H; Okamura, S; Tsujii, S, 2017)
"To investigate the association between the serum uric acid (UA) level and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)."	7.83	[Association of serum uric acid level with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. ( Duan, Y; Fan, D, 2016)
"To assess the prospective association between baseline serum uric acid level and subsequent risk of development or progression in albuminuria."	7.83	Association of serum uric acid levels with the risk of development or progression of albuminuria among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study [Diabetes Distress and Care Registry at Tenri (DDCRT 10)]. ( Hayashino, Y; Ishii, H; Okamura, S; Tsujii, S, 2016)
"To explore the associations between urine uric acid excretion (UUAE) and diabetic retinopathy (DR)/lower limb atherosclerotic lesions in hospitalized Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes."	7.81	Decreased urine uric acid excretion is associated with diabetic retinopathy but not with lower limb atherosclerosis in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Bao, YQ; Chen, MY; Jia, WP; Li, LX; Li, TT; Lu, JX; Shuai, HP; Wang, JW; Xia, HF; Zhang, R, 2015)
"Several studies have documented an association between serum uric acid (SUA) concentration and cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive patients; however, the association remains unclear in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients."	7.80	Sex differences in the association between serum uric acid levels and cardiac hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease. ( Fukui, A; Ikeda, H; Kitazono, T; Nakayama, M; Oniki, H; Tsuchihashi, T; Tsuruya, K; Ura, Y; Yoshitomi, R, 2014)
" In the present study, blood triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) breakdown pathway was evaluated in relation to uric acid concentration and xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XDH/XO) in patients with essential hypertension, patients with chronic renal diseases on dialysis, and control individuals."	7.80	Circulating purine compounds, uric acid, and xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase relationship in essential hypertension and end stage renal disease. ( Boban, M; Bobana, MD; Cvetkovic, T; Deljanin-Ilic, M; Djindjic, B; Ilic, S; Jevtovic-Stoimenov, T; Kocic, G; Pavlovic, R; Radenkovic, S; Sokolovic, D; Stojanovic, D, 2014)
"Serum uric acid (SUA) elevation has been associated with the main determinants of atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome, although an independent relationship between SUA and coronary artery disease (CAD) has never been confirmed."	7.80	Impact of diabetes on uric acid and its relationship with the extent of coronary artery disease and platelet aggregation: a single-centre cohort study. ( Aimaretti, G; Barbieri, L; Bellomo, G; Cassetti, E; De Luca, G; Marino, P; Nardin, M; Schaffer, A; Sinigaglia, F; Verdoia, M, 2014)
"Elevated albuminuria as well as an increased serum uric acid concentration is associated with poor cardiovascular outcome."	7.80	The association of albuminuria with tubular reabsorption of uric acid: results from a general population cohort. ( Bakker, SJ; de Jong, PE; Gansevoort, RT; Joosten, MM; Scheven, L, 2014)
"Uric acid and gamma-glutamyl transferase are prognostic indicators in chronic heart failure."	7.80	Uric acid and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity are associated with left ventricular remodeling indices in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Jelic, S; Markovic, O; Memon, L; Pekmezovic, T; Pljesa-Ercegovac, M; Radic, T; Radovanovic, S; Savic-Radojevic, A; Simic, D; Simic, T, 2014)
"To explore the role of serum uric acid (SUA) concentration in diabetic retinopathy (DR) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)."	7.80	Serum uric acid concentration is associated with worsening in severity of diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients in Taiwan--a 3-year prospective study. ( Chen, CH; Chen, YJ; Chung, MS; Kuo, HK; Lee, JJ; Liu, RT; Yang, IH, 2014)
"Although many studies have examined the relationship between uric acid (UA) and coronary artery disease (CAD), whether UA is an independent risk factor contributing to progression of CAD is still controversial."	7.80	A cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between uric acid and coronary atherosclerosis in patients with suspected coronary artery disease in China. ( Chen, L; Geng, S; Li, H; Liu, T; Qi, G; Sun, Y; Wu, C; Xu, K; Yu, X; Zhi, Y, 2014)
"We evaluated the association of serum uric acid (SUA) level and development of coronary collateral vessels (CCVs) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)."	7.78	High levels of serum uric acid impair development of coronary collaterals in patients with acute coronary syndrome. ( Demircelik, MB; Doger, C; Duran, M; Murat, SN; Ocak, A; Ornek, E; Turfan, M; Vatankulu, MA; Yalcin, AA, 2012)
"The mean serum uric acid level at the initial presentation of gestational hypertension was significantly higher comparing patients who later progressed to preeclampsia to those who did not (5."	7.78	Association of uric acid with progression to preeclampsia and development of adverse conditions in gestational hypertensive pregnancies. ( Fraser, WD; Luo, ZC; Wu, Y; Xiong, X, 2012)
"Little is known about serum uric acid (SUA) role for hypertension in the Asian countries with low cardiovascular events."	7.78	Uric acid concentration as a risk marker for blood pressure progression and incident hypertension: a Chinese cohort study. ( Bai, CH; Chien, KL; Chou, YC; Chu, CH; Hwang, LC; Su, TC; Sun, CA; Tseng, CH; Yang, T; You, SL, 2012)
"To explore the correlations between serum uric acid (UA) levels and the clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters of multiple sclerosis (MS)."	7.78	Correlations between serum uric acid level and disease activity, intrathecal inflammation reactivity in patients with multiple sclerosis. ( Chen, XW; Cui, LY; Liu, CY; Peng, B; Wang, JM; Xu, Y; Zhong, LZ, 2012)
"We investigated the effects of soluble uric acid (UA) on the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), using Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) as normotensive controls."	7.76	Effect of uric acid on hypertension progression in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ( Chávez, M; Durante, P; Pérez, M; Rivera, F; Romero, F, 2010)
"To determine the prognostic value of serum uric acid (UA) in patients with primary systemic (light chain) amyloidosis (AL)."	7.74	Serum uric acid: novel prognostic factor in primary systemic amyloidosis. ( Buadi, FK; Dispenzieri, A; Gertz, MA; Hayman, SR; Kumar, S; Kyle, RA; Lacy, MQ; Leung, N; Rajkumar, SV; Zeldenrust, SR, 2008)
"Serum uric acid (UA) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension."	7.73	Relations of serum uric acid to longitudinal blood pressure tracking and hypertension incidence. ( D'Agostino, RB; Kannel, WB; Levy, D; Sullivan, L; Sundström, J; Vasan, RS, 2005)
"Inosine, dosed by blinded titration to increase serum urate concentrations to 7."	7.01	Effect of Urate-Elevating Inosine on Early Parkinson Disease Progression: The SURE-PD3 Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Ahmed, A; Ainslie, M; Aldred, J; Ascherio, A; Beck, CA; Bhatti, D; Bixby, M; Blindauer, K; Bodis-Wollner, I; Bolger, P; Boyd, JT; Brodsky, M; Bwala, G; Callahan, KF; Casaceli, C; Chou, K; Christine, C; Ciccarello, J; Cloud, L; Criswell, SR; Crotty, GF; Curhan, GC; Daley, A; de Marcaida, JA; Deik, AF; Dewey, RB; Durphy, J; Espay, AJ; Fang, JY; Fitzgerald, R; Friedman, JH; Gauger, L; Gerald, A; Goetz, C; Goudreau, J; Gunzler, SA; Hauser, RA; Henchcliffe, C; Hinson, V; Houghton, DJ; Houston, E; Hung, A; Hunter, C; James, R; Jimenez-Shahed, J; Kaminski, P; Kamp, C; Keith, K; Klements, D; Kostrzebski, M; Kumar, R; Kurlan, R; LaFaver, K; Lang, A; Langhammer, A; Laroche, A; LeDoux, MS; Leehey, M; LeWitt, PA; Litvan, I; Lungu, C; Macklin, EA; Marek, K; Mari, Z; McGraw, M; McMahon, GM; Mehta, SH; Mestre, T; Morgan, JC; Mosovsky, S; Mozaffarian, D; Oakes, D; Pahwa, R; Park, A; Peterson, C; Poon, C; Pothier, L; Rabin, M; Ratel, AS; Reich, S; Rosenthal, L; Rudolph, A; Russell, D; Saint-Hilaire, M; Schiess, MC; Schneider, RB; Schwarzschild, MA; Scott, B; Serrano, C; Shah, BB; Shill, HA; Shoulson, I; Shprecher, D; Simon, DK; Simuni, T; Soileau, M; Stover, N; Suski, V; Thomas, K; Videnovic, A; Waikar, SS; Waters, C; Zauber, SE; Zhang, L, 2021)
"Although hyperuricemia has been associated with CKD in many studies, it remains controversial whether this is the cause or the result of decreased renal function."	6.66	Renal effects of uric acid: hyperuricemia and hypouricemia. ( Jo, YI; Lee, JH; Park, JH, 2020)
"Hyperuricemia is seen when kidney function declines."	6.48	Hyperuricemia and the progression of chronic kidney disease: is uric acid a marker or an independent risk factor? ( Fried, LF; Nashar, K, 2012)
"Rosacea is an inflammatory skin disease with a chronic course."	5.56	Evaluation of serum uric acid levels in patients with rosacea. ( Karaaslan, E; Karaosmanoglu, N; Ozdemir Cetinkaya, P, 2020)
"Edaravone in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was analyzed in two phase 3 studies (MCI186-16 and MCI186-19)."	5.51	Associations between urate levels and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional score with edaravone treatment: Post hoc analysis of studies MCI186-16, MCI186-17, and MCI186-19. ( Kano, O; Nagano, Y; Nelson, S; Takahashi, F; Ushirogawa, Y; Yoneoka, T, 2022)
"Hyperuricemia was common in youth with T2D."	5.51	Elevated Serum Uric Acid Is Associated With Greater Risk for Hypertension and Diabetic Kidney Diseases in Obese Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational Analysis From the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) Stu ( Bjornstad, P; El Ghormli, L; Laffel, L; Lynch, J; Nadeau, KJ; Tollefsen, SE; Weinstock, RS, 2019)
"Febuxostat was significantly more potent than allopurinol or benzbromarone in lowering SUA levels in the fully adjusted model."	5.48	Comparative effectiveness of allopurinol, febuxostat and benzbromarone on renal function in chronic kidney disease patients with hyperuricemia: a 13-year inception cohort study. ( Chiu, HT; Chou, HW; Huang, HC; Kuo, CC; Ting, IW; Tsai, CW; Yeh, HC, 2018)
"Treatment with leflunomide was associated with increased levels of carbonyl protein, and lowered levels in TRAP and UA, while the NOx/TRAP ratio further increased."	5.48	Metabolic syndrome and the decreased levels of uric acid by leflunomide favor redox imbalance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ( Alfieri, DF; Costa, NT; de Medeiros, FA; de Sá, MC; Dichi, I; Iriyoda, TMV; Lozovoy, MAB; Maes, M; Micheletti, PL; Reiche, EMV; Scavuzzi, BM; Sekiguchi, BA; Simão, ANC, 2018)
"Hyperuricemia is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease."	5.46	Qi-Zhu-Xie-Zhuo-Fang reduces serum uric acid levels and ameliorates renal fibrosis in hyperuricemic nephropathy rats. ( Beibei, T; Huijuan, W; Jianchun, M; Rui, S; Xiaoxu, C; Xinghui, L, 2017)
"Early detection diabetic nephropathy (DN) is important."	5.43	Serum uric acid and its association with hypertension, early nephropathy and chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Fathy, H; Fouad, M; Zidan, A, 2016)
"Adults with type 1 diabetes have lower serum uric acid levels compared with nondiabetic adults."	5.40	Serum uric acid and hypertension in adults: a paradoxical relationship in type 1 diabetes. ( Bjornstad, P; Chonchol, MB; Jalal, D; Johnson, RJ; Maahs, DM; McFann, K; Paul Wadwa, R; Rewers, M; Rivard, CJ; Sirota, JC; Snell-Bergeon, JK, 2014)
"Febuxostat is a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor that is metabolized by many metabolic pathways in the kidney and the liver."	5.40	Switching from allopurinol to febuxostat for the treatment of hyperuricemia and renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease. ( Itabashi, M; Mochizuki, T; Moriyama, T; Nitta, K; Takei, T; Tsuchiya, K; Tsuruta, Y, 2014)
"The bilirubin and UA levels were lower in CIS and RRMS patients than in control group, whether male or female (p < 0."	5.39	Association of serum bilirubin and uric acid levels changes during neuroinflammation in patients with initial and relapsed demyelination attacks. ( Dunjic, O; Ljubisavljevic, S; Milojkovic, M; Pavlovic, D; Stojanov, D; Stojanovic, I; Vojinovic, S, 2013)
"Uric acid has an antioxidative effect."	5.39	Uric acid is associated with the prevalence but not disease progression of multiple system atrophy in Chinese population. ( Cao, B; Chen, K; Guo, X; Huang, R; Shang, HF; Song, W; Wei, QQ; Zhao, B, 2013)
"Because preeclampsia is associated with placental immune⁄ inflammatory dysregulation, we sought to determine in the trophoblast, the presence of the Nalp3 inflammasome, and the effect of MSU on its activation."	5.37	Uric acid induces trophoblast IL-1β production via the inflammasome: implications for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. ( Abrahams, VM; Boeras, C; Guller, S; Kavathas, PB; Mulla, MJ; Myrtolli, K; Norwitz, ER; Potter, J; Sfakianaki, AK; Tadesse, S, 2011)
"In Japanese patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia, 24 months of febuxostat treatment did not delay carotid atherosclerosis progression, compared with non-pharmacological care."	5.34	Febuxostat does not delay progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: A randomized, controlled trial. ( Eguchi, K; Higashi, Y; Ishibashi, R; Ishizaka, N; Ishizu, T; Kanzaki, Y; Kario, K; Kato, T; Maemura, K; Murohara, T; Node, K; Ohishi, M; Oyama, JI; Sata, M; Sezai, A; Taguchi, I; Tanaka, A; Teragawa, H; Tomiyama, H; Toyoda, S; Ueda, S; Yamada, H; Yokote, K, 2020)
" Specific significant metabolites, including pseudo-uridine, indole-3-lactate, uric acid, isothreonic acid, and creatinine, have been previously shown to accumulate in plasma and/or urine in both diabetic and cystic renal diseases with advanced renal insufficiency."	5.30	Plasma metabolites and lipids associate with kidney function and kidney volume in hypertensive ADPKD patients early in the disease course. ( Chapman, A; Gao, G; Kim, K; Trott, JF; Weiss, RH, 2019)
"The European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis (ELSA) was a randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial comparing the effects of a 4-year treatment with either lacidipine or atenolol on progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with moderate hypertension."	5.30	Serum uric acid and resistance to antihypertensive treatment: data from the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis. ( Bombelli, M; Cuspidi, C; Facchetti, R; Grassi, G; Macchiarulo, M; Maggiolini, D; Mancia, G; Parati, G, 2019)
"Hyperuricemia is common in approximately 50% of patients with kidney failure due to decreased uric acid excretion, and it has been recently known as an independent factor in the progression of renal insufficiency."	5.24	Allopurinol Against Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. ( Almasi, A; Golmohammadi, S; Manouchehri, M; Omrani, HR; Zandkarimi, MR, 2017)
"Traditionally, allopurinol is not initiated during an acute gout attack to avoid prolonging the painful arthritis."	5.20	Does starting allopurinol prolong acute treated gout? A randomized clinical trial. ( Collamer, A; Higgs, J; Hill, EM; Sit, M; Sky, K, 2015)
"Fructose acutely raises serum uric acid in normal subjects, but the effect in subjects with metabolic syndrome or subjects with chronic kidney disease is unknown."	5.20	The fructose tolerance test in patients with chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome in comparison to healthy controls. ( Donderski, R; Grajewska, M; Johnson, RJ; Junik, R; Kamińska, A; Kretowicz, M; Lanaspa, M; Manitius, J; Miśkowiec-Wiśniewska, I; Odrowąż-Sypniewska, G; Pluta, A; Siódmiak, J; Stefańska, A, 2015)
"We evaluated the association between baseline uric acid and the primary composite outcome of doubling of interstitium or ESRD from interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA) in the Angiotensin II Blockade for Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (ABCAN) Trial participants."	5.19	Uric acid and allograft loss from interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy: post hoc analysis from the angiotensin II blockade in chronic allograft nephropathy trial. ( Hart, A; Ibrahim, HN; Jackson, S; Kasiske, BL; Matas, AJ; Mauer, MS; Najafian, B; Spong, R, 2014)
"The Febuxostat versus Placebo Randomized Controlled Trial Regarding Reduced Renal Function in Patients with Hyperuricemia Complicated by Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3 trial evaluated the effect of febuxostat in 443 patients with stage 3 CKD (mean estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 45 mL/min/1."	5.12	Recent evidence on the effect of urate-lowering treatment on the progression of kidney disease. ( Badve, SV; Johnson, DW; Tiku, A, 2021)
"Uric acid, the metabolic mediator of gout and urate renal stones, is associated with increased cardiovascular risk burden."	5.05	Hyperuricemia: a novel old disorder-relationship and potential mechanisms in heart failure. ( Borghi, C; Cosentino, E; Landolfo, M; Palazzuoli, A, 2020)
"Hyperuricemia coincides with coronary artery calcification (CAC) development, but the role of serum uric acid (SUA) as a risk factor for CAC remains unclear."	5.01	The association between hyperuricemia and coronary artery calcification development: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Bainey, KR; Banh, HL; Hou, X; Li, W; Liang, L; Qi, Z; Tymchak, W; Zhang, Y, 2019)
"Advances in gout genetics have provided important molecular insights into disease pathogenesis, better characterized the pharmacogenetics of allopurinol, and raised the possibility of using genetic testing to provide personalized treatment for patients."	5.01	Genetic advances in gout: potential applications in clinical practice. ( Dalbeth, N; Merriman, TR; Tai, V, 2019)
"Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthropathy and is caused by an excess of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia)."	4.95	Change gout: the need for a new approach. ( Punzi, L, 2017)
"Serum uric acid (sUA) level may be associated with cognitive impairment/dementia."	4.93	Serum uric acid level and association with cognitive impairment and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Dawson, J; Fan, Y; Hewitt, J; Khan, AA; Quinn, TJ, 2016)
" It has been observed that treatment of hyperuricemia with allopurinol in chronic kidney failure has resulted in a fall in blood pressure and inhibition of the progression of kidney injury."	4.90	Aggravation of immunoglobulin a nephropathy by hyperuricemia: a mini-review on current findings and new concepts. ( Baradaran, A; Nasri, H, 2014)
"A number of epidemiological studies have reported an association between serum uric acid levels and a wide variety of high-risk conditions including hypertension, insulin resistance, and kidney and cerebro-cardiovascular disease."	4.88	Cardiovascular and renal effects of hyperuricaemia and gout. ( Leoncini, G; Pontremoli, R; Viazzi, F, 2012)
"After uric acid was recognized as the causative factor in gout, increased prevalence of renal disease and hypertension in this patient population caught the attention of the medical community."	4.86	Uric acid in hypertension and renal disease: the chicken or the egg? ( Covic, A; Dogan, E; Kanbay, M; Lanaspa, MA; Solak, Y, 2010)
"Elevated serum uric acid is a marker for decreased renal function, may have a mechanistic role in the incidence and progression of renal functional decline and likely has a causal role in hypertension and vascular disease."	4.85	Uric acid: a novel mediator and marker of risk in chronic kidney disease? ( Feig, DI, 2009)
"Although hyperuricemia has long been associated with renal disease, uric acid has not been considered as a true mediator of progression of renal disease."	4.82	Uric acid and chronic renal disease: possible implication of hyperuricemia on progression of renal disease. ( Kang, DH; Nakagawa, T, 2005)
"Children in the dyslipidemia group had more severe clinical characteristics (higher blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, and 24-h proteinuria; higher proportion of hypertension; and lower serum albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate) and pathological changes (higher proportion of Lee grades IV-V and E1, S1, and C2 in MEST-C)."	4.12	Dyslipidemia may be a risk factor for progression in children with IgA nephropathy. ( Chen, L; Jiang, M; Jiang, X; Lin, Z; Xu, Y; Zeng, S; Zhuang, H, 2022)
"In this study we examined the relationship between urate levels at baseline and functional change measured by the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) total score after edaravone treatment."	4.12	Associations between the ALSFRS-R score and urate levels during 12 months of edaravone treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Post hoc analysis of ALSFRS-R scores in clinical studies MCI186-16, MCI186-17, and MCI186-19. ( Kano, O; Nagano, Y; Nelson, S; Takahashi, F; Ushirogawa, Y; Yoneoka, T, 2022)
"Elevated serum uric acid is not an independent risk factor for disease progression in ADPKD."	4.02	Serum Uric Acid and Progression of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: Results from the HALT PKD Trials. ( Brosnahan, GM; Chonchol, M; Gitomer, BY; Wang, W; You, Z, 2021)
"Lupus nephritis (LN) is closely associated with hyperuricemia, and uric acid is considered a risk factor for renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)."	4.02	Serum uric acid as a predictor for nephritis in Egyptian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. ( Badr, FM; Hafez, EA; Hassan, SAE; Teama, MAM, 2021)
"The prospect of using the antioxidant dipeptide carnosine for the treatment of urate nephrolithiasis was evaluated."	4.02	Effect of Carnosine on the Course of Experimental Urate Nephrolithiasis. ( Azarova, OV; Bobrov, IP; Kalnitsky, AS; Makarova, OG; Mazko, ON; Zharikov, AY, 2021)
" This study was designed to evaluate the influences of long-term xanthine oxidase inhibitor (febuxostat) prescription on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, and new-onset heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in these patients."	3.96	Association between long-term prescription of febuxostat and the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with hypertension and asymptomatic hyperuricemia. ( Gu, J; Lin, H; Pan, JA; Wang, CQ; Zhang, JF, 2020)
"This is a medical records review study of 348 hyperuricemia patients identified in 2015, as having been followed with serial uric acid measurements."	3.91	Effect of Uric Acid Control on Serum Creatinine. ( Block, C; Field, C; Li, Z; Taylor, T; Xie, J; Yamamoto, T, 2019)
"Serum uric acid levels and protein excretion in women that develop eclampsia."	3.91	Increased proteinuria and uric acid levels are associated with eclamptic crisis. ( Antonello, IC; da Cunha Filho, EV; Hentschke, MR; Luz, JH; Paula, LG; Pinheiro da Costa, BE; Poli-de-Figueiredo, CE, 2019)
"Lower serum urate concentration is associated with worsening motor function; while higher homocysteine concentration is associated with change in motor function and cognitive decline."	3.91	Urate and Homocysteine: Predicting Motor and Cognitive Changes in Newly Diagnosed Parkinson's Disease. ( Burn, DJ; Duncan, GW; Johnston, F; Khoo, TK; Lawson, RA; Sleeman, I; Yarnall, AJ, 2019)
" This review discussed the non-glycemic effects of SGLT-2is in patients with T2D and renal impairment, including reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, decreases in albuminuria and plasma uric acid, changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate, and minimal changes in electrolytes."	3.91	Renal effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment. ( Weir, MR, 2019)
"The urate oxidase (Uox) gene encodes uricase that in the rodent liver degrades uric acid into allantoin, forming an obstacle for establishing stable mouse models of hyperuricemia."	3.88	Knockout of the urate oxidase gene provides a stable mouse model of hyperuricemia associated with metabolic disorders. ( Cheng, X; Cui, L; Hou, X; Jia, Z; Li, C; Li, X; Liu, Z; Lu, J; Ma, L; Mi, QS; Ren, W; Sun, R; Tian, Z; Wang, C; Wang, X; Xin, Y; Yuan, X; Zhang, K, 2018)
"Although the clinical implication of hyperuricemia in chronic kidney disease has been an issue of active debate, recent data suggested a causative role of uric acid (UA) in the development of renal disease."	3.88	Hyperuricemia and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Phenotype Transition of Renal Tubular and Endothelial Cells. ( Kang, DH, 2018)
" Disturbance in purine metabolism pathway and a higher level of serum uric acid, called hyperuricemia, is a risk factor of CKD, and it has been linked to increased prevalence and progression of the disease."	3.88	Disturbed purine nucleotide metabolism in chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. ( Bhattacharjee, A; Borah, A; Mazumder, MK; Phukan, BC, 2018)
"Uric acid has been known since long ago for its implication in gout and in certain kinds of nephrolithiasis."	3.88	[Acid uric : key player in a recently recognized devastating nephropathy and in the development of chronic kidney disease.] ( Humbert, A; Stucker, F, 2018)
"Elevated serum uric acid (sUA) concentrations have been associated with worse prognosis in heart failure (HF) but little is known about elderly patients."	3.88	Elevated serum uric acid concentration at discharge confers additive prognostic value in elderly patients with acute heart failure. ( Alunni, G; Ambrosio, G; Biagioli, P; Borghi, C; Carluccio, E; Coiro, S; D'Antonio, A; Girerd, N; Mengoni, A; Murrone, A; Zuchi, C, 2018)
"This study aims to investigate relationship between the level of uric acid (UA) and UA/creatinine ratios (UA/Cr) to the stage of Parkinson disease (PD)."	3.88	Level of uric acid and uric acid/creatinine ratios in correlation with stage of Parkinson disease. ( Cao, H; Ju, KJ; Song, YQ; Tian, XY; Zhong, LL, 2018)
"The model consisted of heat stress exposure (1 h, 37°C) plus rhabdomyolysis (R) induced by repetitive IM injections of glycerol (7."	3.88	Kidney Injury from Recurrent Heat Stress and Rhabdomyolysis: Protective Role of Allopurinol and Sodium Bicarbonate. ( Blas-Marron, MG; García-Arroyo, FE; Glaser, J; Gonzaga, G; Johnson, RJ; Madero, M; Muñoz-Jimenez, I; Osorio-Alonso, H; Roncal-Jiménez, CA; Sánchez-Lozada, LG; Silverio, O; Tapia, E; Weiss, I, 2018)
"We assessed the prospective association between baseline serum uric acid levels and consequent risk of developing diabetic retinopathy."	3.85	Serum uric acid levels are associated with increased risk of newly developed diabetic retinopathy among Japanese male patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study (diabetes distress and care registry at Tenri [DDCRT 13]). ( Hayashino, Y; Ishii, H; Kuwata, H; Okamura, S; Tsujii, S, 2017)
" Multivariable analysis using eGFRcreat as an independent variable identified age, smoking status, body mass index, haemoglobin, serum uric acid, serum albumin, albuminuria, and C reactive protein as non-GFR determinants of eGFRcys."	3.85	The clinical utility and cost impact of cystatin C measurement in the diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease: A primary care cohort study. ( Fluck, RJ; Fraser, SDS; McIntyre, CW; McIntyre, NJ; Raftery, J; Roderick, P; Shardlow, A; Taal, MW, 2017)
"The influence of serum urate on kidney disease is attracting attention, but the effects of uric acid (UA) on nephrosclerosis have not been elucidated."	3.85	Hyperuricemia as a Predictive Marker for Progression of Nephrosclerosis: Clinical Assessment of Prognostic Factors in Biopsy-Proven Arterial/Arteriolar Nephrosclerosis. ( Kataoka, H; Mochizuki, T; Momoki, K; Moriyama, T; Nitta, K, 2017)
"To investigate the association between the serum uric acid (UA) level and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)."	3.83	[Association of serum uric acid level with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. ( Duan, Y; Fan, D, 2016)
"To assess the prospective association between baseline serum uric acid level and subsequent risk of development or progression in albuminuria."	3.83	Association of serum uric acid levels with the risk of development or progression of albuminuria among Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study [Diabetes Distress and Care Registry at Tenri (DDCRT 10)]. ( Hayashino, Y; Ishii, H; Okamura, S; Tsujii, S, 2016)
"In this study, blood redox potential (ORP) values (ΔORP value was adopted, as the quantitative index to reflect the overall redox status), plasma uric acid levels (important antioxidant, as antioxidant index), and the burn shock state-related indicators (lactic acid and hematocrit) of 48 burn patients were dynamically, quantitatively monitored during the early stage after injury."	3.81	The characteristics and correlation between the ischemia-reperfusion and changes of redox status in the early stage of severe burns. ( Han, C; Hu, H; Hu, X; Pan, X; Shao, H; Xu, J; Yu, C; Zhi, L, 2015)
" We investigated the role of soluble uric acid in NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages to demonstrate the effect of systemic hyperuricemia on progressive kidney damage in type 2 diabetes."	3.81	Hyperuricemia-induced NLRP3 activation of macrophages contributes to the progression of diabetic nephropathy. ( Choi, YW; Ihm, CG; Jeong, KH; Kim, DJ; Kim, SM; Kim, SY; Kim, YG; Lee, SH; Lee, TW; Moon, JY; Seo, JW; Won, KY, 2015)
"The aim of this study was to evaluate serum uric acid (UA) levels and serum uric acid/creatinine ratios (UA/Cr) in patients with non-tremor dominant (NTD) Parkinson's disease (PD) compared to tremor dominant (TD) PD and healthy controls (HC)."	3.81	Association between serum uric acid and motor subtypes of Parkinson's disease. ( Kulkantrakorn, K; Lolekha, P; Wongwan, P, 2015)
"To explore the associations between urine uric acid excretion (UUAE) and diabetic retinopathy (DR)/lower limb atherosclerotic lesions in hospitalized Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes."	3.81	Decreased urine uric acid excretion is associated with diabetic retinopathy but not with lower limb atherosclerosis in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Bao, YQ; Chen, MY; Jia, WP; Li, LX; Li, TT; Lu, JX; Shuai, HP; Wang, JW; Xia, HF; Zhang, R, 2015)
"Several studies have documented an association between serum uric acid (SUA) concentration and cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive patients; however, the association remains unclear in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients."	3.80	Sex differences in the association between serum uric acid levels and cardiac hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease. ( Fukui, A; Ikeda, H; Kitazono, T; Nakayama, M; Oniki, H; Tsuchihashi, T; Tsuruya, K; Ura, Y; Yoshitomi, R, 2014)
"Over a 20-year period, patients on dapagliflozin were projected to experience relative reductions in the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, CV death, and all-cause death of 13."	3.80	Modeling effects of SGLT-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin treatment versus standard diabetes therapy on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes. ( Alperin, P; Cohen, M; Dziuba, J; Goswami, D; Grossman, HL; Hardy, E; Iloeje, U; Perlstein, I; Racketa, J, 2014)
" In the present study, blood triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) breakdown pathway was evaluated in relation to uric acid concentration and xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XDH/XO) in patients with essential hypertension, patients with chronic renal diseases on dialysis, and control individuals."	3.80	Circulating purine compounds, uric acid, and xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase relationship in essential hypertension and end stage renal disease. ( Boban, M; Bobana, MD; Cvetkovic, T; Deljanin-Ilic, M; Djindjic, B; Ilic, S; Jevtovic-Stoimenov, T; Kocic, G; Pavlovic, R; Radenkovic, S; Sokolovic, D; Stojanovic, D, 2014)
"Serum uric acid (SUA) elevation has been associated with the main determinants of atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome, although an independent relationship between SUA and coronary artery disease (CAD) has never been confirmed."	3.80	Impact of diabetes on uric acid and its relationship with the extent of coronary artery disease and platelet aggregation: a single-centre cohort study. ( Aimaretti, G; Barbieri, L; Bellomo, G; Cassetti, E; De Luca, G; Marino, P; Nardin, M; Schaffer, A; Sinigaglia, F; Verdoia, M, 2014)
"Elevated albuminuria as well as an increased serum uric acid concentration is associated with poor cardiovascular outcome."	3.80	The association of albuminuria with tubular reabsorption of uric acid: results from a general population cohort. ( Bakker, SJ; de Jong, PE; Gansevoort, RT; Joosten, MM; Scheven, L, 2014)
" The Child-Pugh score, preoperative serum uric acid and proteinuria may be used to predict the risk of post-TACE AKI in HCC patients undergo TACE."	3.80	Prognostic factors for acute kidney injury following transarterial chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. ( Ding, Y; Du, L; Hao, L; Hou, C; Lu, D; Lv, W; Wang, R; Zhou, C, 2014)
"Uric acid and gamma-glutamyl transferase are prognostic indicators in chronic heart failure."	3.80	Uric acid and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity are associated with left ventricular remodeling indices in patients with chronic heart failure. ( Jelic, S; Markovic, O; Memon, L; Pekmezovic, T; Pljesa-Ercegovac, M; Radic, T; Radovanovic, S; Savic-Radojevic, A; Simic, D; Simic, T, 2014)
"To explore the role of serum uric acid (SUA) concentration in diabetic retinopathy (DR) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)."	3.80	Serum uric acid concentration is associated with worsening in severity of diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients in Taiwan--a 3-year prospective study. ( Chen, CH; Chen, YJ; Chung, MS; Kuo, HK; Lee, JJ; Liu, RT; Yang, IH, 2014)
"Although many studies have examined the relationship between uric acid (UA) and coronary artery disease (CAD), whether UA is an independent risk factor contributing to progression of CAD is still controversial."	3.80	A cross-sectional analysis of the relationship between uric acid and coronary atherosclerosis in patients with suspected coronary artery disease in China. ( Chen, L; Geng, S; Li, H; Liu, T; Qi, G; Sun, Y; Wu, C; Xu, K; Yu, X; Zhi, Y, 2014)
"Uric acid may have a role in the development of hypertension and renal dysfunction."	3.79	Serum uric acid level, longitudinal blood pressure, renal function, and long-term mortality in treated hypertensive patients. ( Dawson, J; Dominiczak, AF; Hastie, C; Hetherington, L; Jardine, A; Jeemon, P; Judd, C; McInnes, G; Morrison, D; Muir, S; Padmanabhan, S; Schulz, C; Sloan, W; Walters, M, 2013)
" We calculated the mean values for proteinuria and serum phosphate, calcium, uric acid, and PTH, as well as 24-hour urinary excretion of urea nitrogen over time for each patient."	3.79	Factors related with the progression of chronic kidney disease. ( Abad, S; Ampuero, J; Aragoncillo-Sauco, I; Barraca, D; López-Gómez, JM; Ruiz-Caro, C; Vega-Martínez, A; Verdalles-Guzmán, Ú; Yuste, C, 2013)
" As a potentially modifiable risk factor, we examined whether serum uric acid levels correlate with early hypertension, kidney volume and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)."	3.79	Serum uric acid, kidney volume and progression in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. ( Fick-Brosnahan, GM; Helal, I; McFann, K; Reed, B; Schrier, RW; Yan, XD, 2013)
"Hyperuricemia and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy are prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the association of uric acid (UA) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) with renal outcomes in patients with CKD is unclear."	3.79	Association of uric acid and left ventricular mass index with renal outcomes in chronic kidney disease. ( Chang, JM; Chen, HC; Chen, SC; Su, HM; Yeh, SM, 2013)
"We evaluated the association of serum uric acid (SUA) level and development of coronary collateral vessels (CCVs) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)."	3.78	High levels of serum uric acid impair development of coronary collaterals in patients with acute coronary syndrome. ( Demircelik, MB; Doger, C; Duran, M; Murat, SN; Ocak, A; Ornek, E; Turfan, M; Vatankulu, MA; Yalcin, AA, 2012)
" The following parameters discriminated progressors from non-progressors by univariate analysis: baseline-blood pressure (BP) parameters, eGFR and proteinuria as well as serum uric acid."	3.78	A study of the natural history of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). ( Altemtam, N; El Nahas, M; Russell, J, 2012)
"The mean serum uric acid level at the initial presentation of gestational hypertension was significantly higher comparing patients who later progressed to preeclampsia to those who did not (5."	3.78	Association of uric acid with progression to preeclampsia and development of adverse conditions in gestational hypertensive pregnancies. ( Fraser, WD; Luo, ZC; Wu, Y; Xiong, X, 2012)
"Little is known about serum uric acid (SUA) role for hypertension in the Asian countries with low cardiovascular events."	3.78	Uric acid concentration as a risk marker for blood pressure progression and incident hypertension: a Chinese cohort study. ( Bai, CH; Chien, KL; Chou, YC; Chu, CH; Hwang, LC; Su, TC; Sun, CA; Tseng, CH; Yang, T; You, SL, 2012)
"To explore the correlations between serum uric acid (UA) levels and the clinical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters of multiple sclerosis (MS)."	3.78	Correlations between serum uric acid level and disease activity, intrathecal inflammation reactivity in patients with multiple sclerosis. ( Chen, XW; Cui, LY; Liu, CY; Peng, B; Wang, JM; Xu, Y; Zhong, LZ, 2012)
"We investigated the effects of soluble uric acid (UA) on the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), using Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) as normotensive controls."	3.76	Effect of uric acid on hypertension progression in spontaneously hypertensive rats. ( Chávez, M; Durante, P; Pérez, M; Rivera, F; Romero, F, 2010)
"To enable clinicians to initiate appropriate steps for long-term management of gout, including controlling acute exacerbations and pain and sustaining target serum uric acid (SUA) levels to control hyperuricemia as the underlying metabolic disorder."	3.76	The current state of care in gout: Addressing the need for better understanding of an ancient disease. ( Graser, E; Pope, RS; Zychowicz, ME, 2010)
"To determine the prognostic value of serum uric acid (UA) in patients with primary systemic (light chain) amyloidosis (AL)."	3.74	Serum uric acid: novel prognostic factor in primary systemic amyloidosis. ( Buadi, FK; Dispenzieri, A; Gertz, MA; Hayman, SR; Kumar, S; Kyle, RA; Lacy, MQ; Leung, N; Rajkumar, SV; Zeldenrust, SR, 2008)
"Serum uric acid (UA) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension."	3.73	Relations of serum uric acid to longitudinal blood pressure tracking and hypertension incidence. ( D'Agostino, RB; Kannel, WB; Levy, D; Sullivan, L; Sundström, J; Vasan, RS, 2005)
"Uric acid has been proposed as an important risk factor in the development of primary hypertension in humans."	3.73	Childhood uric acid predicts adult blood pressure: the Bogalusa Heart Study. ( Alper, AB; Berenson, GS; Chen, W; Hamm, LL; Srinivasan, SR; Yau, L, 2005)
"To develop a diagnostic questionnaire to identify individuals with uric acid hyperproduction and risk of urate tubulointerstitial nephritis (UTIN)."	3.70	[Detection of urate tubulointerstitial nephritis: contribution of diagnostic questionnaire]. ( Balkarov, IM, 1999)
"Inosine, dosed by blinded titration to increase serum urate concentrations to 7."	3.01	Effect of Urate-Elevating Inosine on Early Parkinson Disease Progression: The SURE-PD3 Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Ahmed, A; Ainslie, M; Aldred, J; Ascherio, A; Beck, CA; Bhatti, D; Bixby, M; Blindauer, K; Bodis-Wollner, I; Bolger, P; Boyd, JT; Brodsky, M; Bwala, G; Callahan, KF; Casaceli, C; Chou, K; Christine, C; Ciccarello, J; Cloud, L; Criswell, SR; Crotty, GF; Curhan, GC; Daley, A; de Marcaida, JA; Deik, AF; Dewey, RB; Durphy, J; Espay, AJ; Fang, JY; Fitzgerald, R; Friedman, JH; Gauger, L; Gerald, A; Goetz, C; Goudreau, J; Gunzler, SA; Hauser, RA; Henchcliffe, C; Hinson, V; Houghton, DJ; Houston, E; Hung, A; Hunter, C; James, R; Jimenez-Shahed, J; Kaminski, P; Kamp, C; Keith, K; Klements, D; Kostrzebski, M; Kumar, R; Kurlan, R; LaFaver, K; Lang, A; Langhammer, A; Laroche, A; LeDoux, MS; Leehey, M; LeWitt, PA; Litvan, I; Lungu, C; Macklin, EA; Marek, K; Mari, Z; McGraw, M; McMahon, GM; Mehta, SH; Mestre, T; Morgan, JC; Mosovsky, S; Mozaffarian, D; Oakes, D; Pahwa, R; Park, A; Peterson, C; Poon, C; Pothier, L; Rabin, M; Ratel, AS; Reich, S; Rosenthal, L; Rudolph, A; Russell, D; Saint-Hilaire, M; Schiess, MC; Schneider, RB; Schwarzschild, MA; Scott, B; Serrano, C; Shah, BB; Shill, HA; Shoulson, I; Shprecher, D; Simon, DK; Simuni, T; Soileau, M; Stover, N; Suski, V; Thomas, K; Videnovic, A; Waikar, SS; Waters, C; Zauber, SE; Zhang, L, 2021)
"In CKD patients with dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia was an independent risk factor for CKD progression."	2.94	The association between uric acid levels and renal function of CKD patients with hyperlipidemia: a sub-analysis of the ASUCA trial. ( Kasahara, M; Kuwabara, Y; Nakao, K; Ueshima, K; Yasuno, S, 2020)
"Allopurinol treatment resulted in a decrease in SUA, a decrease in systolic and diastolic BP, a decrease in hsCRP, and an increase in eGFR compared with the baseline values (p < 0."	2.87	Effect of allopurinol on the glomerular filtration rate of children with chronic kidney disease. ( Assadi, F; Ghane Sharbaf, F, 2018)
"Uric acid has neuroprotective effects in experimental models including encephalomyelitis and appears to be involved in multiple sclerosis."	2.75	Boosting endogenous neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis: the ASsociation of Inosine and Interferon beta in relapsing- remitting Multiple Sclerosis (ASIIMS) trial. ( D'hooghe, MB; De Deyn, PP; Gonsette, RE; Guillaume, D; Medaer, R; Michotte, A; Seeldrayers, P; Sindic, C, 2010)
"Allopurinol treatment slowed down renal disease progression independently of age, gender, diabetes, C-reactive protein, albuminuria, and renin-angiotensin system blockers use."	2.75	Effect of allopurinol in chronic kidney disease progression and cardiovascular risk. ( Ampuero, J; Arroyo, D; de Vinuesa, SG; Goicoechea, M; Luño, J; Rincón, A; Ruiz-Caro, C; Verdalles, U, 2010)
"Hyperuricemia is associated strongly with the development of hypertension, renal disease, and progression."	2.72	Use of allopurinol in slowing the progression of renal disease through its ability to lower serum uric acid level. ( Kwan, TH; Leung, KT; Siu, YP; Tong, MK, 2006)
"Hyperuricemia is highly prevalent, affecting approximately 38 million individuals in the United States."	2.66	Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: is it really asymptomatic? ( Cohen, RE; Pillinger, MH; Yip, K, 2020)
"Although hyperuricemia has been associated with CKD in many studies, it remains controversial whether this is the cause or the result of decreased renal function."	2.66	Renal effects of uric acid: hyperuricemia and hypouricemia. ( Jo, YI; Lee, JH; Park, JH, 2020)
"Hyperuricemia has been recognized as an independent cardiovascular risk factor in epidemiological studies."	2.58	Uric Acid and Cognitive Function in Older Individuals. ( Meschi, T; Nouvenne, A; Prati, B; Tana, C; Ticinesi, A, 2018)
" Rather than prompting abandonment of antioxidant strategies, these failures have raised the bar for justifying drug and dosing selections and for improving study designs to test for disease modification by antioxidants."	2.55	Targeting urate to reduce oxidative stress in Parkinson disease. ( Ascherio, A; Crotty, GF; Schwarzschild, MA, 2017)
"Although gout is one of the most common forms of inflammatory arthritis, it has been relatively neglected until recently."	2.55	Major unanswered questions in the clinical gout field. ( Stamp, LK, 2017)
"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), tightly linked to the metabolic syndrome (MS), has emerged as a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide."	2.53	Role of Serum Uric Acid and Ferritin in the Development and Progression of NAFLD. ( Fargion, S; Lombardi, R; Pisano, G, 2016)
"Uric acid is a product of purine metabolism and has been linked to gout and kidney calculi."	2.53	Hyperuricemia, Hypertension, and Chronic Kidney Disease: an Emerging Association. ( Al Kattar, S; Jurjus, A; Mallat, SG; Tanios, BY, 2016)
"Gout has been academically considered to be a step-up disease consisting of different stages: acute gout, intercritical gout, and chronic gout."	2.50	Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of gout. ( Castillo, E; Chinchilla, SP; Herrero-Beites, AM; Perez-Ruiz, F, 2014)
"A major challenge in preventing diabetic nephropathy is the inability to identify high-risk patients at an early stage, emphasizing the importance of discovering new therapeutic targets and implementation of clinical trials to reduce diabetic nephropathy risk."	2.50	Early diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes: new insights. ( Bjornstad, P; Cherney, D; Maahs, DM, 2014)
"However, all patients with lupus nephritis have by definition chronic kidney disease (CKD) as they will have proteinuria with varying degrees of renal impairment."	2.49	Renoprotective strategies in lupus nephritis: beyond immunosuppression. ( Griffin, B; Lightstone, L, 2013)
"In addition, hyperuricemia is largely prevalent in patients with CKD."	2.49	Uric acid as a target of therapy in CKD. ( Chen, W; Chonchol, M; Jalal, DI; Targher, G, 2013)
" A dose-response trend of serum urate to reduce PD risk was also observed involving 11 795 participants (RR=0."	2.49	Serum urate and the risk of Parkinson's disease: results from a meta-analysis. ( Ding, M; Guo, Y; Lin, C; Luo, W; Shen, C, 2013)
"Hyperuricemia is particularly common in patients with arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, or kidney disease."	2.48	New insights into uric acid effects on the progression and prognosis of chronic kidney disease. ( Filiopoulos, V; Hadjiyannakos, D; Vlassopoulos, D, 2012)
"Hyperuricemia is seen when kidney function declines."	2.48	Hyperuricemia and the progression of chronic kidney disease: is uric acid a marker or an independent risk factor? ( Fried, LF; Nashar, K, 2012)
"One of the limitations for successful treatment of gout is to consider it as an intermittent disease rather than a chronic inflammatory disease which, if improperly treated, leads to chronic clinical manifestations."	2.48	Evaluation and treatment of gout as a chronic disease. ( Herrero-Beites, AM; Perez-Ruiz, F, 2012)
"Proteinuria is the most sensitive marker of CKD progression in clinical practice, especially when combined with eGFR, but these have limitations."	2.47	Biomarkers in chronic kidney disease: a review. ( Coombes, JS; Cooper, MA; Fassett, RG; Gobe, GC; Hoy, WE; Venuthurupalli, SK, 2011)
"Incidence rate for ESRD among patients with no episodes of AKI and one, two, and three or more episodes of AKI was 7."	1.72	Clinical Predictors and Long-term Impact of Acute Kidney Injury on Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. ( Chan, JCN; Cheng, YL; Chow, CC; Chow, EYK; Fan, B; Fung, S; Hiu, G; Huang, Y; Jiang, G; Kam, G; Kong, APS; Lan, HY; Lau, E; Lau, ES; Lau, IT; Lau, KP; Lee, KF; Leung, JY; Li, JK; Lim, CKP; Lo, S; Luk, AO; Ma, RCW; Oram, RA; Ozaki, R; Siu, SC; So, WY; Szeto, CC; Tam, CHT; Tang, NLS; Tsang, CC; Tsang, MW; Yeung, VT, 2022)
" Adverse events (AEs) resulting from febuxostat treatment were collected from medical records."	1.72	The safety and urate-lowering efficacy of febuxostat in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: a retrospective single-arm cohort study of 84 patients. ( Bao, S; Bian, X; Dai, L; Huang, J; Ma, J; Yu, Q; Zhang, A, 2022)
"Uric acid (UA) plays a protective role in Parkinson's disease (PD)."	1.72	Low serum uric acid levels are associated with the nonmotor symptoms and brain gray matter volume in Parkinson's disease. ( Hu, S; Huang, S; Li, M; Ma, J; Shi, X; Sun, W; Wang, Z; Zheng, J, 2022)
"Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are susceptible to coexisted with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which may increase cardiovascular mortality in these patients."	1.62	The additive effects of kidney dysfunction on left ventricular function and strain in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients verified by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. ( Jiang, L; Li, Y; Ren, Y; Wang, J; Yan, WF; Yang, ZG; Zhang, Y, 2021)
"Anthropometric, clinical biochemical data, and serum samples were collected from patients with MetS, MetS combined with HUA (MetS & HUA) and healthy controls."	1.62	NMR spectroscopy based metabolomics confirms the aggravation of metabolic disorder in metabolic syndrome combined with hyperuricemia. ( Bian, C; Pan, H; Rong, S; Yang, Y; Zhang, H; Zhang, Y, 2021)
"Rosacea is an inflammatory skin disease with a chronic course."	1.56	Evaluation of serum uric acid levels in patients with rosacea. ( Karaaslan, E; Karaosmanoglu, N; Ozdemir Cetinkaya, P, 2020)
"Patients with cancer were older and more often former smokers, had lower body mass index, lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), less implanted devices, lower glucose and haemoglobin and higher uric acid levels than those without cancer."	1.56	Cancer in chronic heart failure patients in the GISSI-HF trial. ( Ameri, P; Canepa, M; Latini, R; Luigi Nicolosi, G; Maggioni, AP; Marchioli, R; Tavazzi, L, 2020)
"Both BMI and urate are independent predictors of dementia, and there are inverse monotonic and dose-response associations of BMI and urate with dementia."	1.56	Associations of BMI and Serum Urate with Developing Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study. ( Cao, Z; Li, S; Wang, Y; Xu, C; Xu, F; Yang, H; Zhang, Y, 2020)
"Hyperuricemia is a common laboratory finding in different types of patients."	1.56	Hyperuricemia in renal disease patients. ( Bandúr, Š, 2020)
"Hyperuricemia was common in youth with T2D."	1.51	Elevated Serum Uric Acid Is Associated With Greater Risk for Hypertension and Diabetic Kidney Diseases in Obese Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational Analysis From the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) Stu ( Bjornstad, P; El Ghormli, L; Laffel, L; Lynch, J; Nadeau, KJ; Tollefsen, SE; Weinstock, RS, 2019)
"The study included ADPKD patients and control group, who carried out uroflowmetry, an assessment of renal function, metabolic and nutritional parameters and an evaluation of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic markers, such as Renal Resistive Index (RRI), Intima-Media Thickness (IMT) and Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD)."	1.51	Uroflowmetry alterations in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. ( Cianci, R; Ciccariello, M; Lai, S; Mastroluca, D; Mazzaferro, S; Mittherhofer, AP; Ricciuti, GP; Riviello, L; Salciccia, S; Vocaturi, M; Von Heland, M, 2019)
"Early markers of disease progression could facilitate and improve patient management."	1.51	Novel plasma peptide markers involved in the pathology of CKD identified using mass spectrometric approach. ( Bruck, H; Ceccarelli, F; Gajjala, PR; Heinze, G; Jankowski, J; Jankowski, V; Kribben, A; Marx, N; Noels, H; Saez-Rodriguez, J; Zidek, W, 2019)
" Compared with those with a low SUA trajectory, the adjusted hazard ratio of patients for incident ESRD was in a dose-response manner as follows: moderate, 1."	1.48	Uric acid predicts adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease: a novel insight from trajectory analyses. ( Chiu, HT; Huang, HC; Kuo, CC; Ting, IW; Tsai, CW; Yeh, HC, 2018)
"Febuxostat was significantly more potent than allopurinol or benzbromarone in lowering SUA levels in the fully adjusted model."	1.48	Comparative effectiveness of allopurinol, febuxostat and benzbromarone on renal function in chronic kidney disease patients with hyperuricemia: a 13-year inception cohort study. ( Chiu, HT; Chou, HW; Huang, HC; Kuo, CC; Ting, IW; Tsai, CW; Yeh, HC, 2018)
"Key Message: Hyperuricemia is closely associated with the incidence and progression of CKD."	1.48	Significance of Hyperuricemia among Community-Based Screening Participants. ( Iseki, K, 2018)
"Treatment with leflunomide was associated with increased levels of carbonyl protein, and lowered levels in TRAP and UA, while the NOx/TRAP ratio further increased."	1.48	Metabolic syndrome and the decreased levels of uric acid by leflunomide favor redox imbalance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. ( Alfieri, DF; Costa, NT; de Medeiros, FA; de Sá, MC; Dichi, I; Iriyoda, TMV; Lozovoy, MAB; Maes, M; Micheletti, PL; Reiche, EMV; Scavuzzi, BM; Sekiguchi, BA; Simão, ANC, 2018)
"Although hyperuricemia is common after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), its relationship to mortality, progressive kidney disease, or the development of end stage renal disease (ESRD) is not well-described."	1.46	Hyperuricemia after orthotopic liver transplantation: divergent associations with progression of renal disease, incident end-stage renal disease, and mortality. ( Atta, MG; Bandak, G; Gelber, AC; Longenecker, JC; McMahon, BA; Murakami, CA; Waheed, S, 2017)
"Hyperuricemia is associated with the development of chronic kidney disease."	1.46	Qi-Zhu-Xie-Zhuo-Fang reduces serum uric acid levels and ameliorates renal fibrosis in hyperuricemic nephropathy rats. ( Beibei, T; Huijuan, W; Jianchun, M; Rui, S; Xiaoxu, C; Xinghui, L, 2017)
"Hyperuricemia is associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but it is not known whether the relationship is causal."	1.46	Impact of Uric Acid Levels on Kidney Disease Progression. ( Arrigain, S; Jolly, SE; Konig, V; Nakhoul, G; Nally, JV; Navaneethan, SD; Rincon-Choles, H; Rothberg, MB; Schold, JD, 2017)
"The incidence of pediatric nephrolithiasis is increasing and therefore the etiologies contributing to today's pediatric stone formation may also be changing."	1.46	The Modern Metabolic Stone Evaluation in Children. ( Bevill, M; Cooper, CS; Kattula, A; Storm, DW, 2017)
"Fifty ESRD patients with the primary cause of IgAN and a short renal survival time of less than ten years after diagnose were enrolled in the case group."	1.46	Risk factors of progressive IgA nephropathy which progress to end stage renal disease within ten years: a case-control study. ( Chen, C; Ding, X; Huang, P; Lin, H; Lv, Y; Shu, D; Su, Z; Xu, F; Zhang, J, 2017)
"Uric acid was included as a continuous and dichotomous (per receiving operating characteristic curve) variable."	1.46	Serum uric acid levels contribute to new renal damage in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. ( Alarcón, GS; Alfaro-Lozano, JL; Cucho-Venegas, JM; Gamboa-Cárdenas, RV; Medina, M; Pastor-Asurza, CA; Perich-Campos, RA; Reátegui-Sokolova, C; Rodriguez-Bellido, Z; Ugarte-Gil, MF; Zevallos, F, 2017)
"Uric acid (UA) is a natural antioxidant and iron scavenger in the human body, which has been hypothesized to exert an anti-oxidative effect in Parkinson's disease (PD)."	1.46	Serum uric acid levels and freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. ( Cao, B; Hou, Y; Ou, R; Shang, H; Song, W; Wei, Q; Xu, Y; Zhao, B, 2017)
"Gout is a common arthritis resulting from increased serum urate, and many loci have been identified that are associated with serum urate and gout."	1.46	Effects of multiple genetic loci on the pathogenesis from serum urate to gout. ( Dong, Z; He, H; Ji, H; Jiang, S; Jin, L; Li, Y; Ma, Y; Pang, Y; Wang, J; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Xu, X; Yang, C; Yang, Y; Zhao, D; Zhou, J; Zou, H, 2017)
"Recently hyperuricemia has been identified as a risk factor for progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD)."	1.43	Revisiting medullary tophi: a link between uric acid and progressive chronic kidney disease? ( Almaani, S; Ayoub, I; Brodsky, S; Hebert, L; Nadasdy, T; Prosek, J; Rovin, B, 2016)
"IgA nephropathy with chronic renal failure usually occurred in young adults, and it had severe clinical condition and pathological changes, while there was no significant relationship between them."	1.43	Clinical and pathological analysis of IgA nephropathy with chronic renal failure. ( Chai, H; Hu, Q; Liu, Y; Shen, P; Tang, L; Yuan, G; Zhou, Y, 2016)
"RESULTS The study included 110 stable COPD patients and 52 healthy controls."	1.43	Serum Uric Acid Levels and Uric Acid/Creatinine Ratios in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients: Are These Parameters Efficient Predictors of Patients at Risk for Exacerbation and/or Severity of Disease? ( Aka Akturk, U; Akgun, M; Arinc, S; Boga, S; Durmus Kocak, N; Gungor, S; Sasak, G; Sengul, A, 2016)
"Early detection diabetic nephropathy (DN) is important."	1.43	Serum uric acid and its association with hypertension, early nephropathy and chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Fathy, H; Fouad, M; Zidan, A, 2016)
"Uric acid (UA) has been studied extensively as a valuable biomarker of Parkinson's disease (PD), but its relationship with non-motor symptoms (NMS) in de novo PD has been poorly investigated."	1.42	Presence and progression of non-motor symptoms in relation to uric acid in de novo Parkinson's disease. ( Amboni, M; Barone, P; Capo, G; Erro, R; Longo, K; Moccia, M; Orefice, G; Palladino, R; Pellecchia, MT; Picillo, M; Santangelo, G; Vitale, C, 2015)
"High uric acid level is a known risk factor for deterioration of renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but its influence on the progression of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) remains unclear."	1.42	High uric acid level is a risk factor for progression of IgA nephropathy with chronic kidney disease stage G3a. ( Itabashi, M; Iwabuchi, Y; Kataoka, H; Moriyama, T; Nishida, M; Nitta, K; Sato, M; Shimizu, A; Takei, T; Uchida, K, 2015)
" Since disturbed NO bioavailability is a major pathway whereby high uric may cause renal damage, we tested the interaction between the major endogenous inhibitor of NO synthase, asymmetric-dimethylargine (ADMA), and the rs734553 polymorphism for CKD progression in the same cohort."	1.42	Synergism between asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and a genetic marker of uric acid in CKD progression. ( Leonardis, D; Mallamaci, F; Pisano, A; Sanguedolce, MC; Spoto, B; Testa, A; Tripepi, G; Zoccali, C, 2015)
"Uric acid-lowering treatments may be beneficial for the prevention of progression of IgAN."	1.42	Hyperuricemia is associated with progression of IgA nephropathy. ( Bakan, A; Basci, S; Covic, A; Elcioglu, OC; Kanbay, M; Kostek, O; Oral, A; Ozkok, A; Ozturk, S; Sipahioglu, M; Sumnu, A; Takir, M; Turkmen, A; Voroneanu, L, 2015)
"Gefitinib treatment also inhibited hyperuricemia-induced activation of the TGF-β1 and NF-κB signaling pathways and expression of multiple profibrogenic cytokines/chemokines in the kidney."	1.42	EGF Receptor Inhibition Alleviates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy. ( Bao, W; Cheng, SB; Chin, YE; Liu, N; Qiu, A; Shi, Y; Wang, L; Xiong, C; Xu, L; Yan, H; Yang, T; Zhuang, S, 2015)
"Subjects with IgA nephropathy could be separated into those who showed a fall in EPO levels (n = 24) and those who showed no change or a rise in EPO levels (n = 22)."	1.42	Dopamine-Induced Changes in Serum Erythropoietin and Creatinine Clearance Reflect Risk Factors for Progression of IgA Nephropathy. ( Johnson, RJ; Korenkiewicz, J; Manitius, J; Marszalek, A; Odrowaz-Sypniewska, G; Sulikowska, B; Wiechecka-Korenkiewicz, J, 2015)
"Hyperuricemia is associated with essential hypertension in children."	1.42	Hyperuricemia and Progression of CKD in Children and Adolescents: The Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Cohort Study. ( Furth, SL; Mitsnefes, MM; Moxey-Mims, MM; Rodenbach, KE; Schneider, MF; Schwartz, GJ; Warady, BA; Weaver, DJ, 2015)
"Uric acid levels were higher in patients with more severe airflow limitation and in those experiencing frequent exacerbations."	1.40	Serum uric acid as a predictor of mortality and future exacerbations of COPD. ( Bartziokas, K; Haniotou, A; Kostikas, K; Loukides, S; Papadopoulos, A; Papaioannou, AI; Papiris, S, 2014)
"Adults with type 1 diabetes have lower serum uric acid levels compared with nondiabetic adults."	1.40	Serum uric acid and hypertension in adults: a paradoxical relationship in type 1 diabetes. ( Bjornstad, P; Chonchol, MB; Jalal, D; Johnson, RJ; Maahs, DM; McFann, K; Paul Wadwa, R; Rewers, M; Rivard, CJ; Sirota, JC; Snell-Bergeon, JK, 2014)
"Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for renal function decline."	1.40	Effect of urate-lowering therapies on renal disease progression in patients with hyperuricemia. ( Cheetham, TC; Levy, GD; Niu, F; Rashid, N, 2014)
"17) and daily levodopa dosage (OR 4."	1.40	Serum uric acid concentration is linked to wearing-off fluctuation in Japanese Parkinson's disease patients. ( Fukae, J; Hatano, T; Hattori, N; Ishikawa, K; Shimo, Y; Takanashi, M; Tsuboi, Y; Tsugawa, J; Yoritaka, A, 2014)
"Gout/hyperuricemia is a common multifactorial disease having typical environmental risks."	1.40	Common dysfunctional variants of ABCG2 have stronger impact on hyperuricemia progression than typical environmental risk factors. ( Abe, J; Akashi, A; Chiba, T; Hosoya, T; Ichida, K; Kawai, S; Kawamura, Y; Matsuo, H; Nakamura, T; Nakaoka, H; Nakashima, H; Nakayama, A; Oikawa, Y; Okada, R; Sakiyama, M; Sakurai, Y; Shichijo, Y; Shimizu, S; Shinomiya, N; Suzuki, H; Takada, T; Takada, Y; Tamura, T; Wakai, K, 2014)
"Febuxostat is a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor that is metabolized by many metabolic pathways in the kidney and the liver."	1.40	Switching from allopurinol to febuxostat for the treatment of hyperuricemia and renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease. ( Itabashi, M; Mochizuki, T; Moriyama, T; Nitta, K; Takei, T; Tsuchiya, K; Tsuruta, Y, 2014)
"The bilirubin and UA levels were lower in CIS and RRMS patients than in control group, whether male or female (p < 0."	1.39	Association of serum bilirubin and uric acid levels changes during neuroinflammation in patients with initial and relapsed demyelination attacks. ( Dunjic, O; Ljubisavljevic, S; Milojkovic, M; Pavlovic, D; Stojanov, D; Stojanovic, I; Vojinovic, S, 2013)
"Uric acid has an antioxidative effect."	1.39	Uric acid is associated with the prevalence but not disease progression of multiple system atrophy in Chinese population. ( Cao, B; Chen, K; Guo, X; Huang, R; Shang, HF; Song, W; Wei, QQ; Zhao, B, 2013)
"Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for mortality, cardiovascular disease, and renal disease in general population."	1.38	Association of hyperuricemia with renal outcomes, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. ( Chang, JM; Chen, HC; Chen, SC; Chiu, YW; Hung, CC; Hwang, SJ; Kuo, MC; Lin, MY; Liu, WC; Yeh, SM, 2012)
"Uric acid (UA) is a product of purine metabolism and is a natural antioxidant that can relieve the oxidative stress that occurs in PD."	1.38	Lower serum UA levels in Parkinson's disease patients in the Chinese population. ( Guo, JF; He, D; Lei, LF; Shen, L; Tan, LM; Tang, BS; Wang, CY; Wang, YQ; Yan, XX; Zhang, HN, 2012)
"KK-A(y)/Ta mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes, were provided access to either regular drinking water or drinking water containing 10 mg/dl of allopurinol."	1.38	Reducing serum uric acid attenuates TGF-β1-induced profibrogenic progression in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. ( Choi, YW; Ihm, CG; Jeong, KH; Kim, SM; Lee, SH; Lee, TW; Lim, SJ; Moon, JY; Seok, HY, 2012)
"Hyperuricemia is associated with worse outcomes of patients with chronic heart failure (HF)."	1.37	Hyperuricemia predicts adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure. ( Furumoto, T; Goto, D; Goto, K; Hamaguchi, S; Kinugawa, S; Takeshita, A; Tsuchihashi-Makaya, M; Tsutsui, H; Yokoshiki, H; Yokota, T, 2011)
"Because preeclampsia is associated with placental immune⁄ inflammatory dysregulation, we sought to determine in the trophoblast, the presence of the Nalp3 inflammasome, and the effect of MSU on its activation."	1.37	Uric acid induces trophoblast IL-1β production via the inflammasome: implications for the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. ( Abrahams, VM; Boeras, C; Guller, S; Kavathas, PB; Mulla, MJ; Myrtolli, K; Norwitz, ER; Potter, J; Sfakianaki, AK; Tadesse, S, 2011)
"We found a clear dose-response relation between serum uric acid and risk of early GFR loss in patients with type 1 diabetes."	1.36	High-normal serum uric acid increases risk of early progressive renal function loss in type 1 diabetes: results of a 6-year follow-up. ( Aschengrau, A; Doria, A; Eckfeldt, JH; Ficociello, LH; Galecki, AT; Krolewski, AS; Maselli, NJ; Niewczas, MA; Rosolowsky, ET; Stanton, RC; Warram, JH; Weinberg, JM, 2010)
"Most cases of acute gouty arthritis are diagnosed in primary care and without joint fluid analysis in many instances."	1.36	A diagnostic rule for acute gouty arthritis in primary care without joint fluid analysis. ( Fransen, J; Janssen, M; Janssens, HJ; van de Lisdonk, EH; van Riel, PL; van Weel, C, 2010)
"Correlation between prevalence of chronic renal failure in Udmurtia and HFRS incidence was analysed."	1.35	[Long-term outcomes and formation of chronic disease of the kidneys in patients with a history of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]. ( Dudarev, MV; Pimenov, LT, 2008)
"The treatment with berberine, curcumin or picroliv were found to (a) elevate the life span of leukemia harboring animals by more than 60 days; (b) decreased the anemic condition which was highly prevalent in FMuLv alone treated group; (c) histopathological evaluations showed that the compounds tested here inhibited the massive leukemic cell infiltrations to sinusoidal spaces in spleen; (d) decrease the expression of Bcl-2, Raf-1, Erk-1 IFNgamma receptor and erythropoietin; (e) induce the expression of p53."	1.35	Inhibition of progression of erythroleukemia induced by Friend virus in BALB/c mice by natural products--berberine, curcumin and picroliv. ( Harikumar, KB; Kuttan, G; Kuttan, R, 2008)
"Uric acid is an important natural antioxidant that may reduce oxidative stress."	1.35	Low uric acid levels in serum of patients with ALS: further evidence for oxidative stress? ( Artamonov, I; Berliner, S; Drory, VE; Ish-Shalom, M; Keizman, D; Maimon, N; Nefussy, B; Tsehori, J; Vered, Y, 2009)
"Despite the high prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with kidney disease, no relationship has been demonstrated between sleep quality and the degree of renal function in cross-sectional studies."	1.35	Sleep quality in patients with chronic renal failure: a 3-year longitudinal study. ( Cianciaruso, B; Crispo, A; Gallo, R; Pisani, A; Pota, A; Ragosta, A; Sabbatini, M; Serio, V; Tripepi, G, 2008)
"Patients with type 1 diabetes and normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria were recruited to the Second Joslin Kidney Study."	1.35	High-normal serum uric acid is associated with impaired glomerular filtration rate in nonproteinuric patients with type 1 diabetes. ( Binns, AL; Ficociello, LH; Krolewski, AS; Maselli, NJ; Niewczas, MA; Roshan, B; Rosolowsky, ET; Warram, JH, 2008)
"Uric acid levels were only higher in patients with progression of disease when patients with uric acid-lowering drugs were excluded from the analysis."	1.35	Uric acid as a risk factor for progression of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease? The Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease (MMKD) Study. ( Kollerits, B; Kronenberg, F; Neyer, U; Ritz, E; Sturm, G, 2008)
"Kidney disease progression was defined as a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 3 mL/min/1."	1.34	Relationship of uric acid with progression of kidney disease. ( Carney, JK; Chonchol, M; Fried, LF; Katz, R; Kestenbaum, B; Newman, AB; Sarnak, MJ; Shlipak, MG; Siscovick, DS, 2007)
"In patients with prostate cancer the probability of disease progression from localized to advanced state increased with a shorter lag preceding oxidation (p <0."	1.34	Advanced but not localized prostate cancer is associated with increased oxidative stress. ( Baniel, J; Gur, U; Lichtenberg, D; Neumann, A; Pinchuk, I; Yossepowitch, O, 2007)
"Hyperuricemia is associated with renal disease, but it is usually considered a marker of renal dysfunction rather than a risk factor for progression."	1.31	A role for uric acid in the progression of renal disease. ( Feng, L; Han, L; Harris, R; Johnson, RJ; Kang, DH; Mazzali, M; Nakagawa, T; Truong, L; Watanabe, S, 2002)
"The rates of progression to type 2 diabetes were lowest from the NGT subgroup, highest from the IGT group, with the PFH group in the middle, suggesting that PFH might be a transitional condition that precedes IGT and diabetes."	1.30	Progression to type 2 diabetes among high-risk groups in Kin-Chen, Kinmen. Exploring the natural history of type 2 diabetes. ( Chou, P; Li, CL; Tsai, ST; Wu, GS, 1998)

Research

Studies (366)

Authors

Clinical Trials (21)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Clinical Efficacy: Rate of Change in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	6 (1.64)	18.2507
2000's	53 (14.48)	29.6817
2010's	244 (66.67)	24.3611
2020's	63 (17.21)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Schwarzschild, MA	11
Ascherio, A	9
Casaceli, C	1
Curhan, GC	1
Fitzgerald, R	1
Kamp, C	1
Lungu, C	1
Macklin, EA	4
Marek, K	2
Mozaffarian, D	1
Oakes, D	4
Rudolph, A	3
Shoulson, I	4
Videnovic, A	1
Scott, B	1
Gauger, L	2
Aldred, J	1
Bixby, M	1
Ciccarello, J	1
Gunzler, SA	1
Henchcliffe, C	1
Brodsky, M	1
Keith, K	1
Hauser, RA	1
Goetz, C	2
LeDoux, MS	1
Hinson, V	1
Kumar, R	1
Espay, AJ	1
Jimenez-Shahed, J	1
Hunter, C	1
Christine, C	1
Daley, A	1
Leehey, M	1
de Marcaida, JA	1
Friedman, JH	2
Hung, A	1
Bwala, G	1
Litvan, I	1
Simon, DK	1
Simuni, T	1
Poon, C	1
Schiess, MC	1
Chou, K	1
Park, A	1
Bhatti, D	1
Peterson, C	1
Criswell, SR	1
Rosenthal, L	1
Durphy, J	1
Shill, HA	1
Mehta, SH	1
Ahmed, A	1
Deik, AF	1
Fang, JY	1
Stover, N	1
Zhang, L	5
Dewey, RB	1
Gerald, A	1
Boyd, JT	1
Houston, E	1
Suski, V	1
Mosovsky, S	1
Cloud, L	1
Shah, BB	1
Saint-Hilaire, M	1
James, R	1
Zauber, SE	1
Reich, S	1
Shprecher, D	1
Pahwa, R	1
Langhammer, A	1
LaFaver, K	1
LeWitt, PA	2
Kaminski, P	1
Goudreau, J	1
Russell, D	1
Houghton, DJ	1
Laroche, A	1
Thomas, K	1
McGraw, M	1
Mari, Z	1
Serrano, C	1
Blindauer, K	1
Rabin, M	1
Kurlan, R	1
Morgan, JC	1
Soileau, M	1
Ainslie, M	1
Bodis-Wollner, I	1
Schneider, RB	1
Waters, C	1
Ratel, AS	1
Beck, CA	1
Bolger, P	1
Callahan, KF	1
Crotty, GF	2
Klements, D	1
Kostrzebski, M	1
McMahon, GM	1
Pothier, L	1
Waikar, SS	1
Lang, A	1
Mestre, T	1
Shibata, Y	1
Yamazaki, M	1
Kitahara, J	1
Okubo, Y	1
Oiwa, A	1
Sato, A	1
Komatsu, M	1
Zhang, Y	9
Di, A	1
Yuan, H	1
Frucht, SJ	1
Accart, N	1
Dawson, J	3
Obrecht, M	1
Lambert, C	1
Flueckiger, M	1
Kreider, J	1
Hatakeyama, S	1
Richards, PJ	1
Beckmann, N	1
Jiang, G	1
Luk, AO	1
Tam, CHT	1
Ozaki, R	1
Lim, CKP	1
Chow, EYK	1
Lau, ES	1
Kong, APS	1
Fan, B	1
Lee, KF	1
Siu, SC	1
Hiu, G	1
Tsang, CC	1
Lau, KP	1
Leung, JY	1
Tsang, MW	1
Kam, G	1
Lau, IT	1
Li, JK	1
Yeung, VT	1
Lau, E	1
Lo, S	1
Fung, S	1
Cheng, YL	1
Chow, CC	1
Tang, NLS	1
Huang, Y	3
Lan, HY	1
Oram, RA	1
Szeto, CC	1
So, WY	1
Chan, JCN	1
Ma, RCW	1
Zhuang, H	1
Lin, Z	1
Zeng, S	1
Jiang, M	1
Chen, L	5
Jiang, X	2
Xu, Y	4
Gurung, RL	1
Yiamunaa, M	1
Liu, JJ	3
Dorajoo, R	1
Wang, J	7
Wang, L	4
Liu, S	1
Chan, C	1
Ang, K	1
Shao, YM	1
Subramaniam, T	1
Tang, WE	1
Fang Sum, C	1
Lim, SC	1
Wei, C	1
Yu, X	2
Jiang, J	2
Dai, Q	1
Kang, Y	1
Li, J	9
Chen, X	6
Schwartz, GJ	2
Roem, JL	1
Hooper, SR	1
Furth, SL	2
Weaver, DJ	3
Warady, BA	3
Schneider, MF	2
Ma, J	2
Huang, J	2
Bao, S	1
Zhang, A	2
Dai, L	1
Yu, Q	1
Bian, X	1
Takahashi, F	2
Kano, O	2
Nagano, Y	2
Yoneoka, T	2
Nelson, S	2
Ushirogawa, Y	2
Balestracci, A	1
Meni Battaglia, L	1
Toledo, I	1
Beaudoin, L	1
Martin, SM	1
Grisolía, NA	1
Hogg, RJ	1
Huang, Z	2
Hu, Y	2
Chen, B	2
Liang, Y	1
Li, D	5
Qiu, W	1
Zhang, J	10
Chen, C	4
Choi, Y	1
Jacobs, DR	1
Kramer, HJ	1
Shroff, GR	1
Chang, AR	1
Duprez, DA	1
Wang, H	5
Ba, Y	1
Gao, X	2
Zhuo, J	1
Li, Y	9
Sun, J	2
Zhang, S	4
Barmehziar, S	1
Fadaii, A	1
Samadian, F	1
Shakiba, A	1
Koolaji, S	1
Pan, M	1
You, X	1
Lin, F	1
Lu, G	1
Chamorro, A	1
Mir, P	2
Ha, YJ	1
Chung, SW	1
Lee, JH	3
Kang, EH	1
Lee, YJ	2
Song, YW	1
Chung, TT	1
Yu, KH	2
Kuo, CF	2
Luo, SF	2
Chiou, MJ	1
Lan, WC	1
Chen, JS	1
Tseng, WY	1
Hsieh, AH	1
Wang, LC	1
Han, X	1
Xiao, Y	1
Tang, Y	1
Zheng, X	1
Anwar, M	1
Qin, W	1
Liang, L	1
Hou, X	2
Bainey, KR	1
Tymchak, W	1
Qi, Z	1
Li, W	3
Banh, HL	1
Yip, K	1
Cohen, RE	1
Pillinger, MH	2
Wang, Y	7
Yan, Y	2
Yuan, Y	2
Wang, KK	2
Chu, C	2
Hu, JW	2
Ma, Q	4
Liao, YY	2
Fu, BW	2
Gao, K	2
Sun, Y	5
Lv, YB	1
Zhu, WJ	1
Yang, L	1
Yang, RH	1
Yang, J	3
Mu, JJ	2
Borghi, C	2
Palazzuoli, A	1
Landolfo, M	1
Cosentino, E	1
Selcukbiricik, F	1
Ozdogan, E	1
Dagel, T	1
Tanju, S	1
Erus, S	1
Ertuglu, LA	1
Kapdağlı, M	1
Tural, D	1
Bilici, A	1
Dilege, S	1
Mandel, NM	1
Kanbay, M	4
Kuwabara, Y	1
Yasuno, S	1
Kasahara, M	2
Ueshima, K	1
Nakao, K	1
Bonino, B	1
Leoncini, G	2
Russo, E	2
Pontremoli, R	3
Viazzi, F	4
Karaosmanoglu, N	1
Karaaslan, E	1
Ozdemir Cetinkaya, P	1
Yıldız, Y	1
Akcan Yıldız, L	1
Dursun, A	1
Tokatlı, A	1
Coşkun, T	1
Tekşam, Ö	1
Sivri, HS	1
Elera-Fitzcarrald, C	1
Reátegui-Sokolova, C	2
Gamboa-Cardenas, RV	2
Medina, M	2
Zevallos, F	2
Pimentel-Quiroz, VR	1
Cucho-Venegas, JM	2
Alfaro-Lozano, J	1
Rodriguez-Bellido, Z	2
Pastor-Asurza, CA	2
Perich-Campos, RA	2
Alarcón, GS	2
Ugarte-Gil, MF	2
Wrigley, R	1
Phipps-Green, AJ	1
Topless, RK	1
Major, TJ	2
Cadzow, M	1
Riches, P	1
Tausche, AK	1
Janssen, M	2
Joosten, LAB	1
Jansen, TL	1
So, A	1
Harré Hindmarsh, J	1
Stamp, LK	2
Dalbeth, N	8
Merriman, TR	4
Patel, PM	1
Kandabarow, AM	1
Druck, A	1
Hart, S	1
Blackwell, RH	1
Kadlec, A	1
Farooq, A	1
Turk, TMT	1
Baldea, KG	1
Tanaka, A	1
Taguchi, I	1
Teragawa, H	1
Ishizaka, N	1
Kanzaki, Y	1
Tomiyama, H	1
Sata, M	1
Sezai, A	1
Eguchi, K	1
Kato, T	1
Toyoda, S	1
Ishibashi, R	1
Kario, K	1
Ishizu, T	1
Ueda, S	1
Maemura, K	1
Higashi, Y	1
Yamada, H	2
Ohishi, M	1
Yokote, K	1
Murohara, T	1
Oyama, JI	1
Node, K	1
Ameri, P	1
Canepa, M	1
Luigi Nicolosi, G	1
Marchioli, R	1
Latini, R	1
Tavazzi, L	1
Maggioni, AP	1
Pan, JA	1
Lin, H	3
Wang, CQ	1
Zhang, JF	1
Gu, J	1
Shi, Y	4
Tao, M	1
Ma, X	1
Huang, G	3
Qiu, A	2
Zhuang, S	3
Liu, N	3
Badve, SV	5
Pascoe, EM	2
Tiku, A	3
Boudville, N	2
Brown, FG	2
Cass, A	2
Clarke, P	1
Day, RO	1
de Zoysa, JR	2
Douglas, B	1
Faull, R	2
Harris, DC	2
Hawley, CM	2
Jones, GRD	1
Kanellis, J	4
Palmer, SC	2
Perkovic, V	2
Rangan, GK	2
Reidlinger, D	1
Robison, L	1
Walker, RJ	2
Walters, G	2
Johnson, DW	4
Feig, DI	3
Wattanachayakul, P	1
Rujirachun, P	1
Charoenngam, N	1
Ungprasert, P	1
Watson, L	1
Belcher, J	1
Nicholls, E	1
Muller, S	1
Mallen, C	1
Roddy, E	1
Hasimoglu, YG	1
Bakshi, R	2
Brosnahan, GM	1
You, Z	1
Wang, W	4
Gitomer, BY	1
Chonchol, M	3
Nguépy Keubo, FR	1
Mboua, PC	1
Djifack Tadongfack, T	1
Fokouong Tchoffo, E	1
Tasson Tatang, C	1
Ide Zeuna, J	1
Noupoue, EM	1
Tsoplifack, CB	1
Folefack, GO	1
Kettani, M	1
Bandelier, P	1
Huo, J	1
Li, H	5
Yu, D	1
Arulsamy, N	1
AlAbbad, S	1
Sardot, T	1
Lekashvili, O	1
Decato, D	1
Lelj, F	1
Alexander Ross, JB	1
Rosenberg, E	1
Nazir, H	1
Muthuswamy, N	1
Louis, C	1
Jose, S	1
Prakash, J	1
Buan, MEM	1
Flox, C	1
Chavan, S	1
Shi, X	2
Kauranen, P	1
Kallio, T	1
Maia, G	1
Tammeveski, K	1
Lymperopoulos, N	1
Carcadea, E	1
Veziroglu, E	1
Iranzo, A	1
M Kannan, A	1
Arunamata, A	1
Tacy, TA	1
Kache, S	1
Mainwaring, RD	1
Ma, M	1
Maeda, K	1
Punn, R	1
Noguchi, S	1
Hahn, S	3
Iwasa, Y	3
Ling, J	2

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial of Urate-elevating Inosine Treatment to Slow Clinical Decline in Early Parkinson's Disease[NCT02642393]	Phase 3	298 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Completed
Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Prospective Cohort Study (CKiD)[NCT00327860]		1,100 participants (Actual)	Observational	2003-10-31	Active, not recruiting
Losartan and Uric Acid Metabolism in Children With Proteinuric Nephropathies: a Cross-over Randomized Clinical Trail[NCT05402397]	Phase 4	40 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-07-01	Recruiting
HALT Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease Study A[NCT00283686]	Phase 3	558 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-01-31	Completed
Studies to Treat Or Prevent Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes (STOPP-T2D) Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) Clinical Trial[NCT00081328]	Phase 3	699 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-05-31	Completed
Allopurinol in the Treatment of Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease Treated by Either PCI or CABG: Pilot Study[NCT03700645]	Phase 4	100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-12-01	Not yet recruiting
The Oral Fructose Load Test and Inflammation, Lipid Metabolism, Blood Pressure and Organ Damage in Patients With Obesity, Chronic Kidney Disease With Comparison With Healthy Controls.[NCT01332526]		70 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2011-05-31	Not yet recruiting
Study on the Effect of Hyperuricaemia on Chronic Renal Disease and Intervention[NCT03425708]	Phase 4	400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-01-01	Recruiting
Effects of Allopurinol on Inflammatory Markers and Morphostructural Changes Evidenced by Musculoskeletal Ultrasound in Individuals With Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia. A Proof of Concept[NCT04012294]	Phase 3	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-08-30	Recruiting
The Relationship of Serum Uric Acid With Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis[NCT06149078]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2023-12-10	Not yet recruiting
What Affects the Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis? Aging or Associated Metabolic Syndrome[NCT05955573]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2023-08-31	Not yet recruiting
Cross-Sectional Cohort Study of Laboratory and Clinical Patterns in Early PD[NCT00817453]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2009-01-31	Terminated (stopped due to All subjects transferred to long term study NCT00817726 RBD Longitudinal)
PERL: A Multicenter Clinical Trial of Allopurinol to Prevent GFR Loss in T1D[NCT02017171]	Phase 3	530 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-02-28	Completed
Study Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study Investigating the Role of Luminal Pressure on Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation[NCT04017806]		60 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2018-09-19	Recruiting
Observational Clinical Trials of Kibow Biotics (a Patented and Proprietary Probiotic Dietary Supplement) in Chronic Kidney Failure Patients, in Conjunction With Standardized Care of Treatment[NCT01450657]		31 participants (Actual)	Observational	2011-07-31	Completed
Observational Clinical Trials of Kibow Biotics® (a Patented and Proprietary Probiotic Formulation) in Dialysis Patients, in Conjunction With Standardized Care of Treatment[NCT01450709]		30 participants (Actual)	Observational	2011-04-30	Completed
Observational Clinical Trials of Kibow Biotics (a Patented and Proprietary Probiotic Dietary Supplement) in Dialysis Patients, in Conjunction With Standardized Care of Treatment[NCT01450670]		30 participants (Actual)	Observational	2011-05-31	Completed
Value of Uric Acid as Early Predictor of Lupus Nephritis in Assiut University Hospital[NCT05402735]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-06-15	Recruiting
The Bogalusa Heart Study[NCT00005129]		11,737 participants (Actual)	Observational	1972-06-30	Active, not recruiting
A Study to Assess a Direct Physical Measurement Method for Evaluation of Tophus Nodules in Subjects With Gout.[NCT00175006]		13 participants (Actual)	Observational	2002-11-30	Completed
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Finding Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of CEP-1347 in Patients With Parkinson's Disease[NCT00040404]	Phase 2/Phase 3	806 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-03-31	Terminated (stopped due to Unlikely to provide evidence of significant effect)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Rate of change in points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale (for cognition; over the time between baseline visit and final visit on study drug) will be assessed for subjects in each treatment group. The MoCA assesses attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuoconstructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation. Points are awarded for the correct completion of MoCA tasks. Scores for each task are summed for a total score (range 0-30). Higher scores indicate greater cognitive capacity. (NCT02642393)
Timeframe: two years

Clinical Efficacy: Rate of Change in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire - 39 Item Version (PDQ-39) Scale

Intervention	score per year (Mean)
Inosine	0.186
Placebo	0.226

Rate of change in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire - 39 item version (PDQ-39) scale points (over the time between baseline visit and final visit on study drug) will be assessed for subjects in each treatment group. The PDQ-39 asks 39 questions organized over eight domains (scales): mobility (10 items), activities of daily living (6 items), emotional well-being (6 items), stigma (4 items), social support (3 items), cognition (4 items), communication (3 items), and bodily discomfort (3 items). Each item has five possible ordinal responses, from never to always, depending on frequency of the symptom over the preceding month. The eight scales' scores are generated by Likert's method of summated ratings and then transformed to a single figure that ranges from 0 to 100. Higher scores are associated with more symptoms. (NCT02642393)
Timeframe: two years

Clinical Efficacy: Rate of Change in Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QOL) Depression Module

Intervention	score per year (Mean)
Inosine	0.686
Placebo	0.756

Rate of change in Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QOL) depression module scale points (over the time between baseline visit and final visit on study drug) will be assessed for subjects in each treatment group. Neuro-QOL is a set of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures that assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with neurological disorders. Higher raw scores are associated with more of the concept being measured. The depression module score ranges from 8 to 40. (NCT02642393)
Timeframe: two years

Clinical Efficacy: Rate of Change in Schwab and England Scale

Intervention	score per year (Mean)
Inosine	-0.023
Placebo	0.083

"Rate of change in percentage points on the Schwab and England scale for functional disability (over the time between baseline visit and final visit on study drug) will be assessed for subjects in each treatment group. The Schwab and England scale is a Site Investigator and subject assessment of the subject's level of independence. The subject will be scored on a percentage scale reflective of his/her ability to perform acts of daily living. Printed scores with associated descriptors range from 0% to 100% in increments of 5%, with higher percentages associated with more independence. A score of 0% implies vegetative functions such as swallowing, bladder and bowel functions are not functioning; bedridden. A score of 100% implies subject has full ability and is completely independent; essentially normal." (NCT02642393)
Timeframe: two years

Percentage Developing Adverse Effects

Intervention	score per year (Mean)
Inosine	-0.833
Placebo	-0.880

Safety of oral inosine titrated to elevate trough serum urate to 7.1 - 8.0 mg/dL will be evaluated by comparing active vs. placebo treatment with respect to the percentage of subjects experiencing individual types of AE, as classified by Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) preferred term and system organ class. (NCT02642393)
Timeframe: two years

Rate of Clinical Decline

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Inosine	129
Placebo	137

The primary outcome of the trial is rate of change in the Movement Disorders Society Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) I-III total score over 24 months estimated from a shared-baseline, random-slopes mixed model, censoring follow-up of subjects after initiation of dopaminergic therapy. Parts I-III of the MDS-UPDRS include ratings of non-motor experiences of daily living, motor experiences of daily living, and a motor examination. The MDS-UPDRS is assessed on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 4 where higher scores imply worse symptoms. Parts I-III contain 59 total questions (13 in Part I, 13 in Part II, and 33 in Part III). Total scores for Parts I-III are calculated as simple sums of component items with mean imputation by Part if no more than 1, 2, or 7 items are missing for Parts I through III, respectively. Total scores may range from 0 to 236, with 0 meaning no symptoms and 236 meaning worse symptoms. (NCT02642393)
Timeframe: two years

Rate of Developing Adverse Effects

Intervention	score per year (Mean)
Inosine	11.116
Placebo	9.860

Safety also will be evaluated by comparing active vs. placebo treatment with respect to overall adverse event (AE) and serious AE (SAE) rate. (NCT02642393)
Timeframe: two years

Clinical Efficacy: Rate of Change in Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QOL)

Intervention	Events per 100 patient-years (Number)
Inosine	354.05
Placebo	327.73

Rate of change in Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro-QOL) scale points (over the time between baseline visit and final visit on study drug) will be assessed for subjects in each treatment group. Neuro-QOL is a set of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures that assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people with neurological disorders. It comprises 17 domains of HRQL covering physical, psychological and social health. Domains tested include anxiety, cognitive function, communication, depression, emotional and behavioral dyscontrol, fatigue, lower extremity function- mobility, positive affect and well- being, stigma, upper extremity function- fine motor and ADL, sleep disturbance, satisfaction with social roles and activities, and ability to participate in social roles and activities. Higher raw scores are associated with more of the concept being measured. All scales range from 8 to 40 except for Positive Affect and Well-Being which ranges from 9 to 45. (NCT02642393)
Timeframe: two years

Percentage of Participants Developing Disability Warranting Dopaminergic Therapy Over Time

Intervention	score per year (Mean)
	Anxiety	Cognitive Function	Communication	Emotional and Behavioral Dyscontrol	Fatigue	Lower Extremity Function	Positive Affect and Well-Being	Stigma	Upper Extremity Function	Sleep Disturbance	Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities	Participation in Social Roles and Activities
Inosine	-0.397	0.014	0.055	-0.229	-0.049	-0.092	-0.240	-0.060	-0.026	0.091	-0.387	-0.382
Placebo	-0.473	-0.282	-0.201	-0.324	-0.040	-0.261	0.094	0.021	-0.238	0.020	-0.381	-0.130

The percentage of participants with disability warranting the initiation of dopaminergic therapy in each treatment group at time from baseline visit (in 180 day increments). (NCT02642393)
Timeframe: two years

Percentage of Subjects Tolerant of the Treatment

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	0 Days	180 Days	360 Days	540 Days	720 Days
Inosine	0	30.81	59.01	72.21	84.57
Placebo	0	32.42	56.32	78.55	88.27

Tolerability of a treatment will be defined as a percentage of all subjects in a treatment group who are tolerant of the treatment at 12 weeks (short-term tolerability) and 24 months (long-term tolerability). A subject who is tolerant of treatment will be defined as one who remains on-study and on the assigned treatment without one or more dose reductions lasting more than 4 weeks cumulative due to AEs. A treatment will be declared tolerable if the percentage who are tolerant is significantly greater than 50% by one-tailed testing at p < 0.05. (NCT02642393)
Timeframe: three months; two years

Symptomatic Effects

Intervention	percentage of subjects (Number)
	12 weeks	12 months	24 months
Inosine	93.2	76.1	50.3
Placebo	98.7	91.3	70.8

Symptomatic effects will be estimated by changes in motor and other features (e.g., as assessed by short-term change in Movement Disorders Society Unified PD Rating Scale [MDS-UPDRS] I-III total score) during the first 3 months of wash-in at the start of period 1 and during the 3-month wash-out of period 2. The MDS-UPDRS includes ratings of non-motor experiences of daily living, motor experiences of daily living, and a motor examination. The MDS-UPDRS is assessed on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 4 where higher scores imply worse features. Parts I-III contain 59 total questions (13 in Part I, 13 in Part II, and 33 in Part III). Total scores are calculated as simple sums of component items with mean imputation by Part if no more than 1, 2, or 7 items are missing for Parts I through III, respectively. Total scores may range from 0 to 236, with 0 meaning no symptoms and 236 meaning worse symptoms. (NCT02642393)
Timeframe: three months (after both initiation and discontinuation of study drug)

Albuminuria

Intervention	score per period (Mean)
	Period 1: BL to V03	Period 2: V10 to SV
Inosine	-1.509	-2.729
Placebo	-1.301	-0.328

Urine albumin excretion, centrally processed from 24 hour urine collection (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: Up to 96 months (assessed annually)

Aldosterone

Intervention	annual percent change in mg/24 hr (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB	-1.1
ACE-I Alone	-0.4
Low Blood Pressure Group	-3.8
Standard Blood Pressure Group	2.4

Urinary aldosterone excretion, centrally processed, 24 hour urine collection (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: Up to 96 months (assessed annually)

All-Cause Hospitalizations

Kidney Function (eGFR)

Intervention	annual % change micrograms per 24 hr (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB	-8.5
ACE-I Alone	-7.3
Low Blood Pressure Group	-8.5
Standard Blood Pressure Group	-7.3

Intervention	events (Number)
ACE-I + ARB	85
ACE-I Alone	128
Low Blood Pressure Group	93
Standard Blood Pressure Group	120

The estimated GFR was calculated by means of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation with the use of central serum creatinine measurements. (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: Up to 96 months (6 month assessments)

Left Ventricular Mass Index

Intervention	ml/min/1.73/m2/yr (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB	-3.0
ACE-I Alone	-2.9
Low Blood Pressure Group	-2.9
Standard Blood Pressure Group	-3.0

Left ventricular mass index (g/m^2) measured by MRI, centrally reviewed and measured (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: 0, 24 months, 48 months, 60 months

Quality of Life Mental Component Summary

Intervention	annual change in g/m^2 (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB	-0.91
ACE-I Alone	-0.83
Low Blood Pressure Group	-1.17
Standard Blood Pressure Group	-0.57

Short Form-36 Quality of LIfe Mental Component Summary ranges from 0 (worst possible outcome) to 100 (best possible outcome) (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: baseline, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 months (assessed annually)

Quality of Life Physical Component Summary

Intervention	annual change in units on a scale (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB	0.19
ACE-I Alone	-0.06
Low Blood Pressure Group	-0.05
Standard Blood Pressure Group	0.18

Short Form-36 Quality of Life Physical Component Summary ranges from 0 (worst possible outcome) to 100 (best possible outcome) (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: baseline, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, and 96 months (assessed annually)

Renal Blood Flow

Intervention	annual change in units on a scale (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB	-0.24
ACE-I Alone	-.23
Low Blood Pressure Group	-0.17
Standard Blood Pressure Group	-0.30

renal blood flow (mL/min/1.73 m^2) from MRI, centrally reviewed and measured. This outcome was more difficult to measure resulting in more missing data than other MRI outcomes such as total kidney volume (TKV) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: 0, 24 months, 48 months, 60 months

Study A: Percent Annual Change in Total Kidney Volume

Intervention	annual change in mL/min/1.73 m^2 (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB	-6.6
ACE-I Alone	-9.5
Low Blood Pressure Group	-7.6
Standard Blood Pressure Group	-8.5

Annual percentage change in total kidney volume as assessed by abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline, 2 years, 4 years, and 5 years follow-up. (NCT00283686)
Timeframe: Baseline and 2-, 4- and 5-year follow-up

Body Composition -- BMI

Intervention	percentage of Total Kidney Volume (Mean)
ACE-I + ARB	6.0
ACE-I Alone	6.2
Low Blood Pressure Group	5.6
Standard Blood Pressure Group	6.6

Body mass index (BMI) measured in kg per meters squared. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Body Composition -- Bone Density

Intervention	kg per meters squared (Mean)
1 Metformin Alone	36.7
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone	38.2
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program	35.3

Measured by DXA, both whole body scan and AP-spine scan. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. In addition, in about 1/3 of participants DXA scans could not be obtained on participants weighing more than 300 pounds (136 kg), the upper limit in size set by the machine manufacturers. Scans were considered invalid if a body part (e.g., arm, leg) was completely off or partially off the scanner, there was hand-hip overlap, or there was motion or movement during the scan. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Body Composition -- Fat Mass

Intervention	g/cm squared (Mean)
1 Metformin Alone	1.15
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone	1.15
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program	1.15

Determined by DXA whole body scan. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. In addition, in about 1/3 of participants DXA scans could not be obtained on participants weighing more than 300 pounds (136 kg), the upper limit in size set by the machine manufacturers. Scans were considered invalid if a body part (e.g., arm, leg) was completely off or partially off the scanner, there was hand-hip overlap, or there was motion or movement during the scan. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Body Composition -- Waist Circumference

Intervention	kg (Mean)
1 Metformin Alone	36.1
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone	39.7
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program	32.2

Waist circumference (cm) measured at the iliac crest at its outermost point with the measuring tape placed around the participant in a horizontal plane parallel to the floor at the mark and the measurement teken at the end of normal expiration without the tape compressing the skin. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Comorbidity -- Hypertension

Intervention	cm (Mean)
1 Metformin Alone	110.8
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone	114.0
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program	108.6

A diagnosis was made by an out-of-range value >=95th percentile or systolic >=130 or diastolic >=80 sustained over 6 months or on an anti-hypertensive medication. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Data collected at baseline and during follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.

Comorbidity -- LDL Dyslipidemia

Intervention	participants (Number)
1 Metformin Alone	57
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone	53
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program	45

A diagnosis was made from out-of-range value >= 130 mg/dL sustained over 6 months or put on lipid lowering medication. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Data collected at baseline and during follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.

Comorbidity -- Triglycerides Dyslipidemia

Intervention	participants (Number)
1 Metformin Alone	18
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone	16
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program	15

A diagnosis was made by an out-of-range value >=150 mg/dL sustained over 6 months or on appropriate lipid lowering medication. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Data collected at baseline and during follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.

Insulin Secretion

Intervention	participants (Number)
1 Metformin Alone	20
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone	28
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program	22

Insulinogenic index determined from OGTT as difference in insulin at 30 minutes minus 0 minutes divided by difference in glucose at 30 minutes minus 0 minutes. The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Insulin Sensitivity

Intervention	uU/mL divided by mg/dL (Median)
1 Metformin Alone	.75
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone	.83
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program	.71

All participants were followed to 24 months. Insulin sensitivity is measured from OGTT as inverse of fasting insulin (mL/uU). The analysis sample includes only participants with 24 month data who had not experienced the primary outcome by that time. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: 24 months

Number of Serious Adverse Events

Intervention	mL/uU (Median)
1 Metformin Alone	0.037
2 Metformin + Rosiglitazone	0.049
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program	0.039

Number of serious adverse events reported during the trial. Participant could have multiple episodes reported. (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Reported as occurred during study follow-up - 2 years to 6.5 years from randomization.

Treatment Failure (Loss of Glycemic Control)

Intervention	episodes of serious adverse event (Number)
1 Metformin Alone	42
2 Metformin + Rosiglitazone	34
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program	58

Defined as A1c persistently >=8% over a 6-month period or persistent metabolic decompensation (inability to wean insulin within 3 months of initiation or the occurrence of a second episode within three months of discontinuing insulin) (NCT00081328)
Timeframe: Study duration - 2 years to 6.5 years of follow up from randomization

AER at the End of the Treatment Period

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Treatment failure	Did not fail treatment during trial
1 Metformin Alone	120	112
2 Metformin + Rosliglitazone	90	143
3 Metformin + Lifestyle Program	109	125

Geometric mean of urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) during the last three months of the treatment period (Visits 15 and 16), adjusted for the mean urinary AER at baseline. Results are expressed as least square means of the geometric means in each subject in each group. (NCT02017171)
Timeframe: Last three months of treatment period (Weeks 142 and 156)

AER at the End of the Wash-out Period

Intervention	ug/min (Least Squares Mean)
Allopurinol	47.9
Placebo	37.4

Geometric mean of two urinary albumin excretion (AER) measurements at the end of the 2-month wash-out period following the 3-year treatment period, adjusted for the mean urinary AER at baseline. Results are expressed as least square means of the geometric means in each subject in each group. (NCT02017171)
Timeframe: End of the 2-month wash-out period following the 3-year treatment period (week 164)

eGFR at 4 Months of Treatment

Intervention	ug/min (Least Squares Mean)
Allopurinol	42.9
Placebo	31.7

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at 4 months after randomization, estimated from serum creatinine and cystatin C and adjusted for the eGFR at baseline. (NCT02017171)
Timeframe: 4 months after randomization (week 16)

eGFR Time Trajectory

Intervention	ml/min/1.73 m2 (Least Squares Mean)
Allopurinol	70.3
Placebo	70.0

Glomerular filtration rate time trajectory from baseline to end of the 2-month wash-out period (week 164) estimated from quarterly serum creatinine measurements (eGFR). eGFR slopes were estimated by a linear mixed-effects model for longitudinal eGFR measures using a multiple imputation technique for missing values. Positive values denote increasing eGFR over time, negative values denote declining eGFR over time. (NCT02017171)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 4, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 156, and 164 (from baseline to the end of washout period)

Fatal or Non-fatal Cardiovascular Events

Intervention	ml/min/1.73 m2/year (Least Squares Mean)
Allopurinol	-2.4
Placebo	-2.1

Risk of cardiovascular events defined as the composite of CVD death (ICD-10 code I10 to I74.9), myocardial infarction, stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), coronary artery bypass grafting, or percutaneous coronary intervention in the allopurinol arm as compared to placebo.Results are expressed as the number of participants who experienced an event in each treatment group. The risk of an event in the allopurinol group as compared to the risk in the placebo group is expressed as hazard ratio (estimated by means of proportional hazard regression). (NCT02017171)
Timeframe: Up to the end of the 2-month wash-out period following the 3-year treatment period (week 0 to 164)

iGFR at the End of the Wash-out Period

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Allopurinol	15
Placebo	9

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at the end of the 2-month wash-out period following the 3-year treatment period, measured by the plasma disappearance of non-radioactive iohexol (iGFR) and adjusted for the iGFR at baseline. (NCT02017171)
Timeframe: End of the 2-month wash-out period following the 3-year treatment period (week 164)

iGFR the End of Treatment Period

Intervention	ml/min/1.73 m^2 (Least Squares Mean)
Allopurinol	61.2
Placebo	61.2

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at the end of the 3-year treatment period, measured by the plasma disappearance of non-radioactive iohexol (iGFR) and adjusted for the iGFR at baseline. (NCT02017171)
Timeframe: End of the 3-yr treatment period (week 156)

iGFR Time Trajectory

Intervention	ml/min/1.73 m2 (Least Squares Mean)
Allopurinol	61.3
Placebo	61.0

Glomerular filtration rate time trajectory estimated from iohexol disappearance GFR (iGFR) measurements at weeks 0, 80, 156, and 164. iGFR slopes were estimated by a linear mixed-effects model for longitudinal iGFR measures using a multiple imputation technique for missing values. Positive values denote increasing GFR over time, negative values denote declining iGFR over time. (NCT02017171)
Timeframe: Weeks 0, 80, 156, and 164 (from baseline to the end of washout period)

Serum Creatinine Doubling or End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

Intervention	ml/min/1.73 m2/year (Least Squares Mean)
Allopurinol	-3.0
Placebo	-2.5

Risk of serum creatinine doubling or end stage renal disease (ESRD) in the allopurinol arm as compared to placebo. Results are expressed as the number of participants who experienced an event in each treatment group. The risk of an event in the allopurinol group as compared to the risk in the placebo group is expressed as hazard ratio (estimated by means of proportional hazard regression). (NCT02017171)
Timeframe: Up to the end of the 2-month wash-out period following the 3-year treatment period (Week 0 to Week 164)

Average Percent Difference in Area Between Raters

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Allopurinol	13
Placebo	11

Each rater measured length and width (mm) of the tophus at 2 visits separated by no more than 10 days. Area of the tophus was summarized using the average percent difference, calculated as the absolute difference of Raters 1 and 2 divided by the average of Raters 1 and 2 for the same tophus, pooled across visits. (NCT00175006)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Day 1 ) and Visit 2 (Day 6-11)

Average Percent Difference in Area Between Visits

Intervention	mm² (Mean)
	Average Percent Difference
Tophi Participants	32

The rater measured length and width (mm) of the tophus at 2 visits separated by no more than 10 days. Area of the tophus was summarized using average percent difference, calculated as absolute difference of Visits 1 and 2 divided by the average of Visits 1 and 2 for the same tophus, pooled across raters. (NCT00175006)
Timeframe: Visit 1 (Day 1) and Visit 2 (Days 6-11)

Article	Year
The association between hyperuricemia and coronary artery calcification development: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical cardiology, 2019, Volume: 42, Issue:11 Topics: Biomarkers; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Vessels; Disease Progression; Global Health; Humans; H	2019
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: is it really asymptomatic? Current opinion in rheumatology, 2020, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Disease Progression; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Severity of Illness Index; United Sta	2020
Hyperuricemia: a novel old disorder-relationship and potential mechanisms in heart failure. Heart failure reviews, 2020, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Progression; Gout; Gout Su	2020
Uric acid in CKD: has the jury come to the verdict? Journal of nephrology, 2020, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Disease Progression; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Renal Insufficien	2020
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a higher level of serum uric acid. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Advances in respiratory medicine, 2020, Volume: 88, Issue:3 Topics: Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Dyspnea; Health Status; Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstruct	2020
Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three COVID-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors. Annales medico-psychologiques, 2021, Volume: 179, Issue:2 Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acryli	2021
Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three COVID-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors. Annales medico-psychologiques, 2021, Volume: 179, Issue:2 Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acryli	2021
Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three COVID-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors. Annales medico-psychologiques, 2021, Volume: 179, Issue:2 Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acryli	2021
Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three COVID-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors. Annales medico-psychologiques, 2021, Volume: 179, Issue:2 Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acryli	2021
Renal effects of uric acid: hyperuricemia and hypouricemia. The Korean journal of internal medicine, 2020, Volume: 35, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Child; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Kidney; Re	2020
Effect of Urate-Lowering Therapy on Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2020, 11-06, Volume: 15, Issue:11 Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Progression; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Gout Suppr	2020
[Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia and Risk Of Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases]. Kardiologiia, 2020, Nov-12, Volume: 60, Issue:10 Topics: Asymptomatic Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Progression; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Kidney D	2020
Recent evidence on the effect of urate-lowering treatment on the progression of kidney disease. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension, 2021, 05-01, Volume: 30, Issue:3 Topics: Disease Progression; Febuxostat; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Randomized Controlled Tri	2021
Endogenous Fructose Metabolism Could Explain the Warburg Effect and the Protection of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Chronic Kidney Disease. Frontiers in immunology, 2021, Volume: 12 Topics: Animals; Cell Hypoxia; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease Progression; Fibrosis; Fructose; Glycolysis; Human	2021
Targeting urate to reduce oxidative stress in Parkinson disease. Experimental neurology, 2017, Volume: 298, Issue:Pt B Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Disease Progression; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxidative Stress; Parkin	2017
Change gout: the need for a new approach. Minerva medica, 2017, Volume: 108, Issue:4 Topics: Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet Therapy; Disease Progression; Evidence-Ba	2017
The challenge of Mendelian randomization approach. Current medical research and opinion, 2017, Volume: 33, Issue:sup3 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Progression; Gout; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Randomized Controlled T	2017
Uric acid lowering therapies for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, 10-30, Volume: 10 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatinine; Disease Progression; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hyperu	2017
The significance of uric acid in the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: An updated systemic review. Medicine, 2017, Volume: 96, Issue:45 Topics: Age Factors; Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Movement Disorders; Oxidative S	2017
Time to Target Uric Acid to Retard Chronic Kidney Disease Progression. Contributions to nephrology, 2018, Volume: 192 Topics: Allopurinol; Animals; Anion Transport Proteins; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Membe	2018
Uric Acid and Diabetic Nephropathy Risk. Contributions to nephrology, 2018, Volume: 192 Topics: Allopurinol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Progression; Glomerular Filt	2018
Does Altered Uric Acid Metabolism Contribute to Diabetic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology? Current diabetes reports, 2018, 03-01, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Progression; Humans; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Uric Acid	2018
An update on the genetics of hyperuricaemia and gout. Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2018, Volume: 14, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Disease Progression; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Asso	2018
Uric acid and progression of chronic kidney disease. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2019, Volume: 34, Issue:5 Topics: Age Factors; Allopurinol; Animals; Child; Diet Therapy; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression;	2019
Uric Acid and Cognitive Function in Older Individuals. Nutrients, 2018, Jul-27, Volume: 10, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dementia; Dementia, Vascular; Disease Pro	2018
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and inflammation in chronic kidney disease: Possible molecular pathways. Journal of cellular physiology, 2018, Volume: 234, Issue:1 Topics: Benzhydryl Compounds; Blood Pressure; Canagliflozin; Disease Progression; Glomerular Filtration Rate	2018
[A prognostic biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. Rinsho shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology, 2018, Dec-21, Volume: 58, Issue:12 Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Biomarkers; Brain; Creatinine; Disease Progression; Electric Impedanc	2018
Effects of probiotic supplements on the progression of chronic kidney disease: A meta-analysis. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.), 2019, Volume: 24, Issue:11 Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Gastrointestinal Microbiom	2019
Genetic advances in gout: potential applications in clinical practice. Current opinion in rheumatology, 2019, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Allopurinol; Disease Progression; Genome-Wide Association Study; Gout; Gout Suppressants; HLA-B Anti	2019
Effects of febuxostat on renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine, 2019, Volume: 98, Issue:29 Topics: Disease Progression; Febuxostat; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Renal Insuff	2019
Effects of uric acid-lowering therapy on renal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2014, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Allopurinol; Disease Progression; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Uric Acid	2014
Renoprotective strategies in lupus nephritis: beyond immunosuppression. Lupus, 2013, Volume: 22, Issue:12 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood Pressure; Disease Progression; Dyslipidemias; Humans;	2013
Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of gout. Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America, 2014, Volume: 40, Issue:2 Topics: Asymptomatic Diseases; Chronic Disease; Disease Progression; Gout; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Uric Acid	2014
Early diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes: new insights. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity, 2014, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease	2014
Effect of uric-acid-lowering therapy on progression of chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban, 2014, Volume: 34, Issue:4 Topics: Blood Pressure; Creatinine; Disease Progression; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hyperur	2014
Aggravation of immunoglobulin a nephropathy by hyperuricemia: a mini-review on current findings and new concepts. Iranian journal of kidney diseases, 2014, Volume: 8, Issue:5 Topics: Allopurinol; Disease Progression; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Hyperuricemia;	2014
Managing gout: there's more we can do. The Journal of family practice, 2014, Volume: 63, Issue:12 Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Allopurinol; Anti-Inflammator	2014
The gouty tophus: a review. Current rheumatology reports, 2015, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Disease Progression; Gout; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Uric Acid	2015
Urate lowering therapy to improve renal outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC nephrology, 2015, Apr-19, Volume: 16 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatinine; Disease Progression; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Gout Suppressa	2015
Management of Chronic Kidney Disease: The Relationship Between Serum Uric Acid and Development of Nephropathy. Advances in therapy, 2015, Volume: 32, Issue:12 Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease Progression; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; Hum	2015
Mesoamerican Nephropathy or Global Warming Nephropathy? Blood purification, 2016, Volume: 41, Issue:1-3 Topics: Adult; Agricultural Workers' Diseases; Aldehyde Reductase; Central America; Creatinine; Dehydration;	2016
Serum uric acid level and association with cognitive impairment and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2016, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Aging; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dementia; Disease Progression; Humans; Neuropsychological T	2016
Role of Serum Uric Acid and Ferritin in the Development and Progression of NAFLD. International journal of molecular sciences, 2016, Apr-12, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: Disease Progression; Ferritins; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Metabolic Syndrome; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liv	2016
Time to target uric acid to retard CKD progression. Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2017, Volume: 21, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Gout Suppressants; Huma	2017
Hyperuricemia, Hypertension, and Chronic Kidney Disease: an Emerging Association. Current hypertension reports, 2016, Volume: 18, Issue:10 Topics: Disease Progression; Gout Suppressants; Humans; Hypertension; Hyperuricemia; Renal Insufficiency, Ch	2016
Major unanswered questions in the clinical gout field. Current opinion in rheumatology, 2017, Volume: 29, Issue:2 Topics: Allopurinol; Benzbromarone; Colchicine; Disease Progression; Febuxostat; Gout; Gout Suppressants; Hu	2017
Urate as a Marker of Risk and Progression of Neurodegenerative Disease. Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2017, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Progression; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseas	2017
Role of Uric Acid Metabolism-Related Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome Components Such as Atherosclerosis and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Mediators of inflammation, 2016, Volume: 2016 Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Disease Progression; Free Radicals; Heart Failure; Humans; Inflammasomes;	2016
Serum Uric Acid and Progression of Kidney Disease: A Longitudinal Analysis and Mini-Review. PloS one, 2017, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Cohort Studies; Disease Progression; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Longitudinal Studies; Retrospective St	2017
[Novelties in the field of progression factors in chronic kidney disease]. Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia, 2008, Volume: 28 Suppl 5 Topics: Adult; Amidohydrolases; Animals; Arginine; Carbon; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic Disease; Clinica	2008
Systemic inflammation, metabolic syndrome and progressive renal disease. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2009, Volume: 24, Issue:5 Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Chemokine CCL2; Disease Progression; Fructose; Humans; Inflammation; Kidney Dise	2009
Uric acid: a novel mediator and marker of risk in chronic kidney disease? Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension, 2009, Volume: 18, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Chronic Disease; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Prog	2009
Uric acid in hypertension and renal disease: the chicken or the egg? Blood purification, 2010, Volume: 30, Issue:4 Topics: Allopurinol; Animals; Blood Pressure; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diet; Disease Progression; Fructose;	2010
Biomarkers in chronic kidney disease: a review. Kidney international, 2011, Volume: 80, Issue:8 Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Acute-Phase Proteins; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases	2011
Uric acid as a mediator of diabetic nephropathy. Seminars in nephrology, 2011, Volume: 31, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Humans; Uric Acid	2011
Urate as a marker of development and progression in Parkinson's disease. Drugs of today (Barcelona, Spain : 1998), 2011, Volume: 47, Issue:5 Topics: Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Risk; Uric Acid	2011
New insights into uric acid effects on the progression and prognosis of chronic kidney disease. Renal failure, 2012, Volume: 34, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Prognosis;	2012
Metabolism of crystals within the joint. Reumatismo, 2012, Jan-19, Volume: 63, Issue:4 Topics: Arthritis, Gouty; Biomarkers; Calcium Phosphates; Calcium Pyrophosphate; Chondrocalcinosis; Chondroc	2012
Cardiovascular and renal effects of hyperuricaemia and gout. Reumatismo, 2012, Jan-19, Volume: 63, Issue:4 Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Disease Progression; Evidence-Based Med	2012
Uric acid as a target of therapy in CKD. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2013, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Disease Progression; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Predictive Value of Tests; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic;	2013
Hyperuricemia and the progression of chronic kidney disease: is uric acid a marker or an independent risk factor? Advances in chronic kidney disease, 2012, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Risk	2012
Evaluation and treatment of gout as a chronic disease. Advances in therapy, 2012, Volume: 29, Issue:11 Topics: Arthritis, Gouty; Chronic Disease; Disease Progression; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Febuxostat; Fem	2012
Effects of urate-lowering therapy in hyperuricemia on slowing the progression of renal function: a meta-analysis. Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation, 2013, Volume: 23, Issue:5 Topics: Databases, Factual; Disease Progression; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Kidney Diseases; Randomized Controll	2013
Serum urate and the risk of Parkinson's disease: results from a meta-analysis. The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 2013, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Databases, Factual; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Parkin	2013
Isolated low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C): implications of global risk reduction. Case report and systematic scientific review. Cardiovascular diabetology, 2005, Jan-04, Volume: 4 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Cholesterol, HDL; Coronary A	2005
Uric acid as a mediator of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and vascular disease. Seminars in nephrology, 2005, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Arteries; Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Ur	2005
Uric acid and chronic renal disease: possible implication of hyperuricemia on progression of renal disease. Seminars in nephrology, 2005, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Chronic Disease; Disease Progression; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Kidney Diseases; Risk Factors;	2005
Uric acid in chronic heart failure. Seminars in nephrology, 2005, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Allopurinol; Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Vessels; Chronic Disease; Disease Progr	2005
Essential hypertension, progressive renal disease, and uric acid: a pathogenetic link? Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2005, Volume: 16, Issue:7 Topics: Disease Progression; Humans; Hypertension; Hyperuricemia; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic;	2005
Monosodium urate and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals, inflammation, and cellular signaling. Joint bone spine, 2005, Volume: 72, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Calcium Pyrophosphate; Disease Progression; Humans; Signal Transduction; Synovia	2005
Hypertensive renal vascular disease and cardiovascular endpoints. Current opinion in cardiology, 2006, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Albuminuria; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Disease Progression; Erythropoietin; Glomerular Filtrat	2006
Uric acid, the metabolic syndrome, and renal disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2006, Volume: 17, Issue:12 Suppl 3 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Fructose; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Metabolic S	2006
Physiology of acid-base balance: links with kidney stone prevention. Seminars in nephrology, 2006, Volume: 26, Issue:6 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Calcium; Calcium Oxalate; Calcium Phosphates; Citric Acid; Disease Progressio	2006

Article	Year
Effect of Urate-Elevating Inosine on Early Parkinson Disease Progression: The SURE-PD3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA, 2021, 09-14, Volume: 326, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Double-Blind Met	2021
Associations between urate levels and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional score with edaravone treatment: Post hoc analysis of studies MCI186-16, MCI186-17, and MCI186-19. Muscle & nerve, 2022, Volume: 66, Issue:5 Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Disease Progression; Double-Blin	2022
The association between uric acid levels and renal function of CKD patients with hyperlipidemia: a sub-analysis of the ASUCA trial. Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2020, Volume: 24, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Atorvastatin; Disease Progression; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rat	2020
Febuxostat does not delay progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: A randomized, controlled trial. PLoS medicine, 2020, Volume: 17, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asymptomatic Diseases; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickn	2020
Effects of Allopurinol on the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. The New England journal of medicine, 2020, 06-25, Volume: 382, Issue:26 Topics: Aged; Allopurinol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Progression; Double-Bl	2020
Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three COVID-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors. Annales medico-psychologiques, 2021, Volume: 179, Issue:2 Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acryli	2021
Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three COVID-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors. Annales medico-psychologiques, 2021, Volume: 179, Issue:2 Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acryli	2021
Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three COVID-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors. Annales medico-psychologiques, 2021, Volume: 179, Issue:2 Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acryli	2021
Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three COVID-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors. Annales medico-psychologiques, 2021, Volume: 179, Issue:2 Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acryli	2021
Allopurinol Against Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. Iranian journal of kidney diseases, 2017, Volume: 11, Issue:4 Topics: Allopurinol; Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Gout Suppressants;	2017
Effect of allopurinol on the glomerular filtration rate of children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2018, Volume: 33, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Allopurinol; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Progression; Female; Glomerular Filtration	2018
Plasma metabolites and lipids associate with kidney function and kidney volume in hypertensive ADPKD patients early in the disease course. BMC nephrology, 2019, 02-25, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Creatinine; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Indoles; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Long	2019
Serum uric acid and resistance to antihypertensive treatment: data from the European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis. Journal of hypertension, 2019, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Atenolol; Atherosclerosis; Blood Pressure; Carotid Artery Diseases; Dihydro	2019
Uric acid and allograft loss from interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy: post hoc analysis from the angiotensin II blockade in chronic allograft nephropathy trial. Transplantation, 2014, May-27, Volume: 97, Issue:10 Topics: Allografts; Angiotensin II; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Atrophy; Biopsy; Chronic Diseas	2014
Mendelian randomization of serum urate and parkinson disease progression. Annals of neurology, 2014, Volume: 76, Issue:6 Topics: Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Follow-Up Studies; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; Humans	2014
Allopurinol and progression of CKD and cardiovascular events: long-term follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2015, Volume: 65, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Allopurinol; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatinine; Disease Progression; Fema	2015
Does starting allopurinol prolong acute treated gout? A randomized clinical trial. Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases, 2015, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Allopurinol; Cohort Studies; Disease Progression; Dos	2015
The fructose tolerance test in patients with chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome in comparison to healthy controls. BMC nephrology, 2015, May-03, Volume: 16 Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Disease Progression; Female; Fructose; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hum	2015
Serum urate at trial entry and ALS progression in EMPOWER. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration, 2017, Volume: 18, Issue:1-2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Antioxidants; Benzothiazo	2017
The treatment of multiple sclerosis with inosine. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.), 2009, Volume: 15, Issue:6 Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Administration, Oral; Adult; Brain; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Central Nervous Sy	2009
Urate as a predictor of the rate of clinical decline in Parkinson disease. Archives of neurology, 2009, Volume: 66, Issue:12 Topics: Biomarkers; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parkinson D	2009
Boosting endogenous neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis: the ASsociation of Inosine and Interferon beta in relapsing- remitting Multiple Sclerosis (ASIIMS) trial. Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2010, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Belgium; Disability Evaluation; Disease Progression; Double-Blind M	2010
Effect of allopurinol in chronic kidney disease progression and cardiovascular risk. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2010, Volume: 5, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Allopurinol; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chi-Square Distribution;	2010
Pilot study of probiotic dietary supplementation for promoting healthy kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Advances in therapy, 2010, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Argentina; Canada; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Double-Blind M	2010
Pilot study of probiotic dietary supplementation for promoting healthy kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Advances in therapy, 2010, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Argentina; Canada; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Double-Blind M	2010
Pilot study of probiotic dietary supplementation for promoting healthy kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Advances in therapy, 2010, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Argentina; Canada; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Double-Blind M	2010
Pilot study of probiotic dietary supplementation for promoting healthy kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Advances in therapy, 2010, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Argentina; Canada; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Double-Blind M	2010
Pilot study of probiotic dietary supplementation for promoting healthy kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Advances in therapy, 2010, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Argentina; Canada; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Double-Blind M	2010
Pilot study of probiotic dietary supplementation for promoting healthy kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Advances in therapy, 2010, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Argentina; Canada; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Double-Blind M	2010
Pilot study of probiotic dietary supplementation for promoting healthy kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Advances in therapy, 2010, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Argentina; Canada; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Double-Blind M	2010
Pilot study of probiotic dietary supplementation for promoting healthy kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Advances in therapy, 2010, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Argentina; Canada; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Double-Blind M	2010
Pilot study of probiotic dietary supplementation for promoting healthy kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Advances in therapy, 2010, Volume: 27, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Argentina; Canada; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Double-Blind M	2010
Use of allopurinol in slowing the progression of renal disease through its ability to lower serum uric acid level. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2006, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Allopurinol; Creatinine; Disease Progression; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Follow-Up Stud	2006
Serum urate as a predictor of clinical and radiographic progression in Parkinson disease. Archives of neurology, 2008, Volume: 65, Issue:6 Topics: Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hum	2008
Antioxidant profile and early outcome in stroke patients. Stroke, 2000, Volume: 31, Issue:10 Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Brain Ischemia; Chromatography, High Pressu	2000
Effect of angiotensin II receptor blockade on renal disease progression in patients with non-diabetic chronic renal failure. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2001, Volume: 16 Suppl 1 Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Creatinine; Diastole; Dis	2001

uric acid and Disease Exacerbation