urea has been researched along with Substance Withdrawal Syndrome in 20 studies
pseudourea: clinical use; structure
isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome: Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "The tremors induced by harmine, LON-954 (N-carbamoyl-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)acetamidine hydrochloride) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) were studied in control rats and in rats withdrawn for 16-48 hrs from 6 to 9 days' ethanol administration." | 7.67 | Harmine-, LON-954- and 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced tremors in rats withdrawn from ethanol. ( Gothóni, P, 1985) |
| "Our results indicated that the inhibition of OXR1 significantly reduces the development of morphine dependence and behavioral signs elicited by the administration of naloxone in morphine-dependent rats." | 4.12 | Persistent effects of the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 on naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal symptoms and nociceptive behaviors in morphine dependent rats. ( Gholami, M; Joghataei, MT; Komaki, A; Kourosh-Arami, M; Lavaie, M; Najafi, Z, 2022) |
| "The tremors induced by harmine, LON-954 (N-carbamoyl-2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)acetamidine hydrochloride) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) were studied in control rats and in rats withdrawn for 16-48 hrs from 6 to 9 days' ethanol administration." | 3.67 | Harmine-, LON-954- and 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced tremors in rats withdrawn from ethanol. ( Gothóni, P, 1985) |
| "PF-04457845, a novel FAAH inhibitor, reduced cannabis withdrawal symptoms and cannabis use in men, and might represent an effective and safe approach for the treatment of cannabis use disorder." | 2.90 | Efficacy and safety of a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor (PF-04457845) in the treatment of cannabis withdrawal and dependence in men: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, phase 2a single-site randomised controlled trial. ( Bielen, K; Bluez, G; Cahill, J; Cortes-Briones, J; Creatura, G; D'Souza, DC; Deaso, E; Gupta, A; Gupta, S; Makriyannis, A; Morgan, PT; Radhakrishnan, R; Ranganathan, M; Sherif, MA; Skosnik, PD; Surti, T; Thurnauer, H, 2019) |
| "Chronic alcohol abuse causes severe and persistent alterations in the hormonal regulatory systems of electrolyte and water balance." | 1.32 | Persistent alterations of vasopressin and N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide plasma levels in long-term abstinent alcoholics. ( Döring, WK; Ehrenreich, H; Herzenstiel, MN; Jahn, H; Krampe, H; Poser, W; Pralle, L; Sieg, S; Wegerle, E, 2003) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 7 (35.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 4 (20.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 8 (40.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 1 (5.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Kourosh-Arami, M | 1 |
| Joghataei, MT | 1 |
| Komaki, A | 1 |
| Gholami, M | 1 |
| Najafi, Z | 1 |
| Lavaie, M | 1 |
| Hooshmandi, M | 1 |
| Hosseinmardi, N | 1 |
| Janahmadi, M | 1 |
| Khakpai, F | 1 |
| Rohampour, K | 2 |
| Doostmohammadi, J | 1 |
| D'Souza, DC | 1 |
| Cortes-Briones, J | 1 |
| Creatura, G | 1 |
| Bluez, G | 1 |
| Thurnauer, H | 1 |
| Deaso, E | 1 |
| Bielen, K | 1 |
| Surti, T | 1 |
| Radhakrishnan, R | 1 |
| Gupta, A | 1 |
| Gupta, S | 1 |
| Cahill, J | 1 |
| Sherif, MA | 1 |
| Makriyannis, A | 1 |
| Morgan, PT | 1 |
| Ranganathan, M | 1 |
| Skosnik, PD | 1 |
| Mousavi, Y | 1 |
| Azizi, H | 4 |
| Mirnajafi-Zadeh, J | 3 |
| Javan, M | 2 |
| Semnanian, S | 4 |
| Davoudi, M | 1 |
| Hooshmand, B | 1 |
| Li, Y | 1 |
| Wang, H | 1 |
| Qi, K | 1 |
| Chen, X | 1 |
| Li, S | 1 |
| Sui, N | 1 |
| Kirouac, GJ | 1 |
| Plaza-Zabala, A | 1 |
| Flores, Á | 1 |
| Maldonado, R | 1 |
| Berrendero, F | 1 |
| Döring, WK | 1 |
| Herzenstiel, MN | 1 |
| Krampe, H | 1 |
| Jahn, H | 1 |
| Pralle, L | 1 |
| Sieg, S | 1 |
| Wegerle, E | 1 |
| Poser, W | 2 |
| Ehrenreich, H | 1 |
| Pérez Valdivieso, JR | 1 |
| Mbongo Bubakala, CL | 1 |
| Calderón Pelayo, R | 1 |
| López Olaondo, LA | 1 |
| Bes Rastrollo, M | 1 |
| Yang, YD | 1 |
| Zhang, JZ | 1 |
| Sun, C | 1 |
| Yu, HM | 1 |
| Li, Q | 1 |
| Hong, M | 1 |
| Sharf, R | 1 |
| Sarhan, M | 1 |
| Dileone, RJ | 1 |
| Müller-Oerlinghausen, B | 1 |
| Klingenfuss, B | 1 |
| Poser, S | 1 |
| Gothóni, P | 1 |
| James, IP | 1 |
| Singhal, RL | 1 |
| Kacew, S | 1 |
| Sutherland, DJ | 1 |
| Telli, AH | 1 |
| Sargant, W | 1 |
| Loebl, WY | 1 |
| Scott, JT | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FAAH-Inhibitor for Cannabis Dependence[NCT01618656] | Phase 2 | 70 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-09-12 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
"32-item checklist evaluating potential symptoms of cannabis withdrawal, lower values reflect lesser severity of withdrawal symptoms (lower scores represent a better outcome).~Min: 0 Max: 96" (NCT01618656)
Timeframe: The MWC was administered on Day 0, Day 1, Day 2, Day 3, and Day 4 (during the inpatient phase when withdrawal peaks) to assess change from baseline (Day 0). The scores from each time point and subject were calculated to report the mean score for each arm.
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PF-04457845 (4mg by Mouth Daily for 4 Weeks) | 6.04 |
| Placebo (Sugar Pill, by Mouth Daily for 4 Weeks) | 11 |
Polysomnography (PSG) is a comprehensive reading of biophysiological changes that occur during sleep, including identification of sleep stage. A mean and standard deviation of their data points during sleep stages were calculated to determine change from baseline to the end of study treatment. (NCT01618656)
Timeframe: Polysomnography was collected two nights prior to baseline visit, for three nights during study treatment and two nights after four weeks of study treatment. A mean was calculated to assess change from baseline (Day 0).
| Intervention | minutes (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PF-04457845 (4mg by Mouth Daily for 4 Weeks) | 89.56 |
| Placebo (Sugar Pill, by Mouth Daily for 4 Weeks) | 69.29 |
"Subject quantifies and reports frequency of cannabis use prior to study participation and during the 4 week period. Lower scores reflect less cannabis usage, while higher scores reflect more frequent usage.~Min: 0 Max: undeterminable, varies per patient and their usage." (NCT01618656)
Timeframe: Administered weekly for 4 weeks to assess change from baseline (Day 0). The scores from each time point and subject were calculated to report the mean score for each arm.
| Intervention | joints per day (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PF-04457845 (4mg by Mouth Daily for 4 Weeks) | 0.40 |
| Placebo (Sugar Pill, by Mouth Daily for 4 Weeks) | 1.27 |
Subjects provide urine samples to quantify levels of THC. (NCT01618656)
Timeframe: Samples obtained weekly for 4 weeks to assess change from baseline (Day 0). The results from each time point and subject were calculated to report the mean score for each arm.
| Intervention | ng/mL (Mean) |
|---|---|
| PF-04457845 (4mg by Mouth Daily for 4 Weeks) | 265.55 |
| Placebo (Sugar Pill, by Mouth Daily for 4 Weeks) | 657.92 |
1 trial available for urea and Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Efficacy and safety of a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor (PF-04457845) in the treatment of cannabis withdrawal and dependence in men: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, phase 2a single-site randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amidohydrolases; Cannabis; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Marijuana Abuse; Ma | 2019 |
19 other studies available for urea and Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Persistent effects of the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 on naloxone precipitated morphine withdrawal symptoms and nociceptive behaviors in morphine dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzoxazoles; Disease Models, Animal; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Nalo | 2022 |
Antagonism of orexin type-1 receptors (OX1Rs) attenuates naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal syndrome in rat dorsal hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Benzoxazoles; Hippocampus; Male; Microinjections; Morphine; Naloxone; Naphthyridines; Orexi | 2017 |
Blockade of orexin type-1 receptors in locus coeruleus nucleus attenuates the development of morphine dependency in rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzoxazoles; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naphthyridines; Orexin | 2014 |
The blockade of GABAA receptors attenuates the inhibitory effect of orexin type 1 receptors antagonist on morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzoxazoles; Bicuculline; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Microinjecti | 2016 |
Intra-LC microinjection of orexin type-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867 attenuates the expression of glutamate-induced opiate withdrawal like signs during the active phase in rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzoxazoles; Disease Models, Animal; Glutamic Acid; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Microinjections | 2017 |
Antagonism of orexin type 1 receptors in the locus coeruleus attenuates signs of naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in rats.
Topics: Animals; Benzoxazoles; Injections, Intraventricular; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Morphine Depen | 2010 |
Orexins in the midline thalamus are involved in the expression of conditioned place aversion to morphine withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Benzoxazoles; Conditioning, Classical; Disease Models, Animal; Intracel | 2011 |
Hypocretin/orexin signaling in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is essential for the expression of nicotine withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Surface; Benzoxazoles; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Isoquinolin | 2012 |
Persistent alterations of vasopressin and N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide plasma levels in long-term abstinent alcoholics.
Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Alcoholism; Aldosterone; Angiotensin II; Aspartate Aminotransferases; A | 2003 |
[Anesthetic considerations in a woman with congenital hyperammonemia].
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Epilepsy; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Intellectual Disabili | 2002 |
Heroin affects purine nucleotides catabolism in rats in vivo.
Topics: Adenosine Deaminase; Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Male; Purine | 2006 |
Orexin mediates the expression of precipitated morphine withdrawal and concurrent activation of the nucleus accumbens shell.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Benzoxazoles; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Locus Co | 2008 |
[Significance of the chronic abuse of bromoureide containing hypnotics. Simple chemical methods for its detection (author's transl)].
Topics: Bromates; Bromides; Bromine; Bromisovalum; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Indic | 1975 |
Harmine-, LON-954- and 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced tremors in rats withdrawn from ethanol.
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Alkaloids; Animals; Ethanol; Harmine; Male; Physostigmine; Rats; Rats, Inbred S | 1985 |
Bromism.
Topics: Bromides; Chloral Hydrate; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Substance | 1971 |
Plumbism: adaptive changes in hepatic and renal metabolism.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Fructose-Bisphosphatase; Gluconeogenesis; Gluco | 1973 |
Safety of combined antidepressant drugs.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Dibenzazepines; Drug Synergism; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Pentobarbital; | 1971 |
Anticonvulsant drugs in idiopathic epilepsy.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Anticonvulsants; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Absence; Ethosuximide; Humans; Hydantoins; Mepho | 1970 |
Withdrawal of allopurinol in patients with gout.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Allopurinol; Female; Gout; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Recurrence; Substance Withdrawal | 1974 |