Page last updated: 2024-10-20

urea and Sleep Wake Disorders

urea has been researched along with Sleep Wake Disorders in 12 studies

pseudourea: clinical use; structure
isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.

Sleep Wake Disorders: Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"The terms "Parkinson's disease psychosis", "Parkinson psychosis," "neurodegenerative psychosis", and "dopamine psychosis" were among the keywords used in the search."2.82Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease: Looking Beyond Dopaminergic Treatments. ( Bautista-Sandoval, MJ; Bermúdez, V; Chacín, M; Chávez-Castillo, M; Cudris-Torres, L; Duran, P; Medina-Ortiz, O; Ortega, Á; Palmar, J; Riaño-Garzón, M; Rojas, M; Salazar, J, 2022)
"The prevalence of sleep disorders was 89%."1.35High prevalence of sleep disorders at the time of CKD diagnosis. ( Bartiromo, M; Cesare, CM; Cirillo, M; De Santo, RM, 2008)
"Sleep disorders are very frequent in hemodialyzed patients, but the relationship between these disorders and water withdrawal, urea removal and comorbidities has not been sufficiently clarified."1.33Sleep disorders in hemodialyzed patients--the role of comorbidities. ( De Santo, RM; Di Iorio, BR; Lucidi, F; Violani, C, 2005)
"Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have an annual mortality rate exceeding 20%, although some survive many years."1.31Potential novel predictors of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients with sleep disorders. ( Benz, RL; Hovick, ET; Peterson, DD; Pressman, MR, 2000)

Research

Studies (12)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19906 (50.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's3 (25.00)29.6817
2010's1 (8.33)24.3611
2020's2 (16.67)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Rojas, M1
Chávez-Castillo, M1
Duran, P1
Ortega, Á1
Bautista-Sandoval, MJ1
Salazar, J1
Riaño-Garzón, M1
Chacín, M1
Medina-Ortiz, O1
Palmar, J1
Cudris-Torres, L1
Bermúdez, V1
Jha, MK1
Fava, M1
Freeman, MP1
Thase, ME1
Papakostas, GI1
Shelton, RC1
Trivedi, MH1
Dirks, B1
Liu, K1
Stankovic, S1
Nardi, J1
Prigent, H1
Garnier, B1
Lebargy, F1
Quera-Salva, MA1
Orlikowski, D1
Lofaso, F1
AIRD, RB1
GORDON, NS1
GREGG, HC1
EIMER, FK1
ZAHN, H1
De Santo, RM2
Lucidi, F1
Violani, C1
Di Iorio, BR1
Cesare, CM1
Bartiromo, M1
Cirillo, M1
Benz, RL1
Pressman, MR1
Hovick, ET1
Peterson, DD1
Jovanović, UJ1
Suchanek-Fröhlich, H1
Heide, M1
Lagatz, WH1

Clinical Trials (1)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
A Phase 2, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Pimavanserin in Major Depressive Disorder[NCT03018340]Phase 2207 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-12-31Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

CGI-I Score at Week 5

The Clinical Global Impression- Improvement scale is a 1-item scale, used to rate the global improvement of the patient since beginning of the study from 0 (not assessed) to 7 (very much worse). A higher CGI-I score denotes less improvement in depression. (NCT03018340)
Timeframe: Baseline, 5 weeks and 10 weeks during Stage 1 and Stage 2, respectively

Interventionscore on a scale (Least Squares Mean)
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 12.2
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 12.8
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 23.0
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 23.1

Change From Baseline to Week 5 in BIS-11 Score

The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 is a questionnaire for assessment of the personality/behavioral construct of impulsiveness. It is composed of 30 items describing common impulsive or non-impulsive (for reverse scored items) behaviors and preferences. Items are scored on a 4-point scale from Rarely/Never (1) to Almost Always/Always (4). Items are summed up to calculate the total score. The BIS-11 total score ranges from 30 to 120. Higher scores denotes more impulsiveness. (NCT03018340)
Timeframe: Baseline, 5 weeks and 10 weeks during Stage 1 and Stage 2, respectively

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (BL)Change from BL to Week 5
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 172.5-4.2
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 265.9-1.4
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 170.0-2.8
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 270.31.7

Change From Baseline to Week 5 in CGI-S Total Score

The Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale is a 1-item scale, used to rate the severity of the disorder from 0 (not assessed) to 7 (among the most extremely ill patients). A higher CGI-I score denotes more severe depression. (NCT03018340)
Timeframe: Baseline, 5 weeks and 10 weeks during Stage 1 and Stage 2, respectively

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (BL)Change from BL to Week 5
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 14.6-2.0
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 24.1-0.5
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 14.4-1.1
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 24.1-0.5

Change From Baseline to Week 5 in DAI-10 Score

"The Drug Attitude Inventory-10 is a 6-item patient-facing questionnaire to evaluate a patient's perceptions and experiences of treatment. It contains 6 items that a patient who is fully adherent to prescribed medication would answer as True, and 4 items that a patient who is fully adherent would rate as False. Scores are allocated to each answer and the total score is calculated as the sum. A correct answer is scored +1 and an incorrect answer is scored -1. The total score ranges from -10 to 10 and is the sum of pluses and minuses. A positive total score indicates a positive subjective response (adherent) and a negative total score indicates a negative subjective response (nonadherent). Higher scores denoted better adherence." (NCT03018340)
Timeframe: Baseline, 5 weeks and 10 weeks during Stage 1 and Stage 2, respectively

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (BL)Change from BL to Week 5
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 14.21.4
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 25.10.6
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 14.40.5
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 24.80.3

Change From Baseline to Week 5 in KSS Score

"The Karolinska Sleepiness Scale is a patient-facing 1-item scale that measures the patient's drowsiness. Scoring is based on a 9-point verbally anchored scale ranging from extremely alert (1) to very sleepy, great effort to keep awake, fighting sleep (9). Higher scores denote more drowsiness." (NCT03018340)
Timeframe: Baseline, 5 weeks and 10 weeks during Stage 1 and Stage 2, respectively

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (BL)Change from BL to Week 5
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 16.7-1.9
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 26.7-0.5
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 16.6-0.4
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 26.1-0.2

Change From Baseline to Week 5 in MGH-SFI Score

"The Massachusetts General Hospital Sexual Functioning Index is a patient-facing questionnaire that quantifies sexual dysfunction into 5 functional domains (interest in sex, sexual arousal, ability to achieve orgasm, ability to maintain erection [males only], and sexual satisfaction). Patients rate each item using a 6-point scale ranging from 1 (good function) to 6 (poor function). The MGH-SFI score is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the item scores for the 5 domains. The mean MGH-SFI score ranges from a minimum value of 1 to a maximum value of 6. Higher scores denotes worse sexual dysfunction." (NCT03018340)
Timeframe: Baseline, 5 weeks and 10 weeks during Stage 1 and Stage 2, respectively

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (BL)Change from BL to Week 5
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 14.642-0.830
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 24.678-0.472
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 14.457-0.155
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 24.264-0.183

Change From Baseline to Week 5 in SF-12 Score

The 12-Item Short Form Health Survey is a patient-reported outcome measure that addresses 8 domains of physical functioning, role - physical, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, role - emotional, and mental health. Composite scores were obtained representing physical health and mental health composite summaries, Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS), respectively. An algorithm was used to generate PCS and MCS for comparison to normative data. In normative data, the mean score was set to 50; thus, scores >50 indicate better physical or mental health than the mean and scores <50 indicate worse health. A higher score is indicative of a better health state. (NCT03018340)
Timeframe: Baseline, 5 weeks and 10 weeks during Stage 1 and Stage 2, respectively

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
PCS baseline (BL)PCS change from BL to Week 5MCS baseline (BL)MCS change from BL to Week 5
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 149.587-0.98123.11316.146
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 246.945-0.54627.5573.566
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 148.783-0.72624.0047.989
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 248.9941.81128.5240.578

Change From Baseline to Week 5 in SIS Score

The Sheehan Irritability Scale is a 7-item patient-reported outcome measure to measure the frequency, severity, and impairment associated with irritability in psychiatric patients. It includes items on: irritability, frustration, edginess/ impatience/ overreaction, moodiness, anger with self, anger with others, and temper. Items are answered on an 11-point rating scale where higher scores indicated greater severity (0=not at all, 10=extremely). Item responses are summed into a total score (range=0-70). Higher scores mean higher irritability. (NCT03018340)
Timeframe: Baseline, 5 weeks and 10 weeks during Stage 1 and Stage 2, respectively

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (BL)Change from BL to Week 5
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 138.9-19.4
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 235.2-4.8
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 138.8-10.8
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 236.6-6.6

Change From Baseline to Week 5 in the HAMD-17 Total Score

The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) is a 17-item scale to assess depression. The HAMD-17 consists of 8 items with a score on a 3 point scale and 9 items with a score on a 5 point scale. Each item is rated from least (0) to most frequent or most severe, as applicable, with highest scores of 2 to 4, depending on the item. Items are summed up to calculate the HAMD-17 total score. The total score ranges from 0 to 52. A higher total score indicates more severe depression. (NCT03018340)
Timeframe: Baseline, 5 weeks and 10 weeks during Stage 1 and Stage 2, respectively

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Baseline (BL)Change from BL to Week 5
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 122.9-11.9
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 220.3-2.8
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 122.0-7.1
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 220.4-3.2

Change From Baseline to Week 5 in the SDS Total Score

The Sheehan Disability Scale is a 3-item patient-facing questionnaire used to evaluate impairments in the domains of work, social life/leisure, and family life/home responsibility. All items are rated on an 11-point scale from 0 (no impairment) to 10 (most severe). The total SDS score ranges from 0 to 10. It is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the scores for all 3 items. A higher score indicates greater disability. (NCT03018340)
Timeframe: Baseline, 5 weeks and 10 weeks during Stage 1 and Stage 2, respectively

,,,
Interventionscore on a scale (Mean)
Basline (BL)Change from BL to Week 5
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 16.365-3.229
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 25.753-0.890
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 16.519-2.026
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 25.747-0.507

Treatment Response and Remission Rates at the End of 5-week Treatment Period

"The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) is a 17-item scale to assess depression. Each item is rated from least (0) to most frequent or most severe, as applicable, with highest scores of 2 to 4 depending on the item. Items are summed up to calculate the HAMD-17 total score. A higher total score indicates more severe depression.~Treatment response was defined as a reduction from Baseline in HAMD-17 total score of >=50%.~Remission was defined as a HAMD-17 total score <=7." (NCT03018340)
Timeframe: Baseline, 5 weeks and 10 weeks during Stage 1 and Stage 2, respectively

,,,
InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
Treatment responders Week 5Remission rate Week 5
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 12712
Pimavanserin 34 mg + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 221
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 13817
Placebo + SSRI/SNRI, Stage 221

Reviews

1 review available for urea and Sleep Wake Disorders

ArticleYear
Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease: Looking Beyond Dopaminergic Treatments.
    Current pharmaceutical design, 2022, Volume: 28, Issue:33

    Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Dopamine; Hallucinations; Humans; Illusions; Parkinson Disease; Psychotic Diso

2022

Trials

3 trials available for urea and Sleep Wake Disorders

ArticleYear
Effect of Adjunctive Pimavanserin on Sleep/Wakefulness in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: Secondary Analysis From CLARITY.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2020, 12-01, Volume: 82, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Double-Blind Method; Dru

2020
[Polygraphic recording of sleep under the influence of Plantival plus].
    Fortschritte der Medizin, 1976, Mar-11, Volume: 94, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diphenhydramine; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Electroencepha

1976
[Analysis of variance studies on a soporific].
    Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 1974, Mar-30, Volume: 124, Issue:13

    Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Benactyzine; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Female; Humans; Hypnot

1974

Other Studies

8 other studies available for urea and Sleep Wake Disorders

ArticleYear
Efficiency of invasive mechanical ventilation during sleep in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
    Sleep medicine, 2012, Volume: 13, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Carbamide Peroxide; Carbon Dioxide; Female; Humans; Inhalation; Male; Muscular Dystrophy, Duc

2012
Use of phenacemide (phenurone) in treatment of narcolepsy and cataplexy; a preliminary report.
    A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry, 1953, Volume: 70, Issue:4

    Topics: Anticonvulsants; Benzeneacetamides; Cataplexy; Humans; Narcolepsy; Sleep Wake Disorders; Urea

1953
[Autonomic sleep disorders & their treatment with a hypnotic compound].
    Therapie der Gegenwart, 1959, Volume: 98, Issue:1

    Topics: Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Bromides; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Phenothiazines; Sleep;

1959
Sleep disorders in hemodialyzed patients--the role of comorbidities.
    The International journal of artificial organs, 2005, Volume: 28, Issue:6

    Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Body Water; Body Weight; Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Hy

2005
High prevalence of sleep disorders at the time of CKD diagnosis.
    Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation, 2008, Volume: 18, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Failure, Ch

2008
Potential novel predictors of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients with sleep disorders.
    American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2000, Volume: 35, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Arousal; Chi-Square Distribution; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Forecasting

2000
[Therapeutic modification of sleep disorders].
    Therapie der Gegenwart, 1968, Volume: 107, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Benactyzine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Methaqualone; Middle Aged; Sleep Wake Disorders

1968
[TH therapy of climacteric disorders with a physiologic regulatory drug].
    Deutsches medizinisches Journal, 1966, Jul-20, Volume: 17, Issue:14

    Topics: Bromides; Constipation; Diethylstilbestrol; Female; Humans; Menopause; Methyltestosterone; Middle Ag

1966