urea has been researched along with Hepatic Encephalopathy in 89 studies
pseudourea: clinical use; structure
isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.
Hepatic Encephalopathy: A syndrome characterized by central nervous system dysfunction in association with LIVER FAILURE, including portal-systemic shunts. Clinical features include lethargy and CONFUSION (frequently progressing to COMA); ASTERIXIS; NYSTAGMUS, PATHOLOGIC; brisk oculovestibular reflexes; decorticate and decerebrate posturing; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and bilateral extensor plantar reflexes (see REFLEX, BABINSKI). ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY may demonstrate triphasic waves. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1117-20; Plum & Posner, Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma, 3rd ed, p222-5)
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Lactulose is the most frequently utilized agent in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy because of its efficacy and the fact that it has few serious side effects." | 8.79 | Lactulose and combination therapy of hepatic encephalopathy: the role of the intestinal microflora. ( Weber, FL, 1996) |
| "The aim of this study was to specify the mechanism of hepatic encephalopathy which may occur in some cirrhotics treated by Spironolactone." | 7.65 | [Hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotics receiving spironolactone (author's transl)]. ( Imler, M; Schlienger, JL, 1977) |
| "Lactulose is the most frequently utilized agent in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy because of its efficacy and the fact that it has few serious side effects." | 4.79 | Lactulose and combination therapy of hepatic encephalopathy: the role of the intestinal microflora. ( Weber, FL, 1996) |
| "Lactulose is the most frequently utilized agent in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy because of its efficacy and the fact that it has few serious side effects." | 4.79 | Effects of lactulose on nitrogen metabolism. ( Weber, FL, 1997) |
| "A significantly poorer prognosis was found in association with clinical signs suggestive of liver disease, presence of hepatic encephalopathy, ultrasonographic abnormalities, increased serum globulins, increased total bile acids (TBA), increased alkaline phosphatase (AP), increased gamma-glutamyl transferase (gammaGT), erythrocytosis, leucocytosis, low serum albumin and low serum urea." | 3.72 | Retrospective analysis of historical, clinical, ultrasonographic, serum biochemical and haematological data in prognostic evaluation of equine liver disease. ( Durham, AE; Hillyer, LL; Hillyer, MH; Marr, CM; Newton, JR; Smith, KC; Smith, MR, 2003) |
| "This case presents with an uncommon origin of the hepatic encephalopathy: in the operated colon, bacterial overgrowth (bacteriogenic ureapoiesis) developed, which led to a hyperammonemia." | 3.71 | [A rare cause of hepatic coma]. ( Adamek, MU; Brass, H; Karbach, U, 2001) |
| "The aim of this study was to specify the mechanism of hepatic encephalopathy which may occur in some cirrhotics treated by Spironolactone." | 3.65 | [Hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotics receiving spironolactone (author's transl)]. ( Imler, M; Schlienger, JL, 1977) |
| "Hepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsychological syndrome due to biochemical disturbance of brain function in advanced liver disease patients." | 2.61 | Mechanistic insight, diagnosis, and treatment of ammonia-induced hepatic encephalopathy. ( Fiati Kenston, SS; Li, Z; Song, X; Zhao, J, 2019) |
| " It is, however, obvious that both in rats and mice the severity of symptoms depends not only on dose and dosing schedule of TAA, but also on strain and body weight (age)." | 1.29 | Effects of inhibition of ornithine aminotransferase on thioacetamide-induced hepatogenic encephalopathy. ( Grauffel, C; Knödgen, B; Sarhan, S; Seiler, N, 1993) |
| "In horses with hepatic necrosis, lipidosis, neoplasia and cirrhosis, progression of the disease was studied by serial measurements of total serum bile acid concentrations and of plasma glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) and gamma glutamyl transferase (gamma GT) and by liver biopsy." | 1.29 | Clinical and pathological studies in horses with hepatic disease. ( West, HJ, 1996) |
| "Acute hepatic coma in the pigs was induced by complete devascularization of the liver." | 1.27 | Successful treatment of hepatic coma by a new artificial liver device in the pig. ( Höhnke, C; Jung, V; Kachel, F; Lee, KS; Lie, TS, 1985) |
| "In the group with the mixed form of hepatic coma creatinine clearance was pathological in 3 cases, in 6 cases hyperaldosteronism was diagnosed; necrosis of the tubules could not be found in this group; 4 patients had overt renal failure." | 1.26 | [Disorders of kidney function in hepatic coma]. ( Druml, W; Kleinberger, G; Lochs, H, 1982) |
| "Because hepatic encephalopathy is mainly produced by toxic intestinal protein metabolites no protein should be adminstered at the beginining of the disease." | 1.26 | [Therapy of hepatic insufficiency]. ( Müting, D, 1977) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 55 (61.80) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 19 (21.35) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 6 (6.74) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 6 (6.74) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (3.37) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Duarte, NT | 1 |
| Tenório, JR | 1 |
| Andrade, NS | 1 |
| Martins, F | 1 |
| Gallottini, M | 1 |
| Ortega, KL | 1 |
| Fürschuß, L | 1 |
| Rainer, F | 1 |
| Effenberger, M | 1 |
| Niederreiter, M | 1 |
| Portugaller, RH | 1 |
| Horvath, A | 1 |
| Fickert, P | 1 |
| Stadlbauer, V | 1 |
| Khsiba, A | 3 |
| Bradai, S | 3 |
| Mahmoudi, M | 3 |
| Mohamed, AB | 3 |
| Medhioub, M | 3 |
| Hamzaoui, L | 3 |
| Azouz, MM | 3 |
| Fiati Kenston, SS | 1 |
| Song, X | 1 |
| Li, Z | 1 |
| Zhao, J | 1 |
| Rockey, DC | 2 |
| Vierling, JM | 1 |
| Mantry, P | 1 |
| Ghabril, M | 2 |
| Brown, RS | 1 |
| Alexeeva, O | 1 |
| Zupanets, IA | 1 |
| Grinevich, V | 1 |
| Baranovsky, A | 1 |
| Dudar, L | 1 |
| Fadieienko, G | 1 |
| Kharchenko, N | 1 |
| Klaryts'ka, I | 1 |
| Morozov, V | 1 |
| Grewal, P | 1 |
| McCashland, T | 1 |
| Reddy, KG | 1 |
| Reddy, KR | 1 |
| Syplyviy, V | 1 |
| Bass, NM | 1 |
| Dickinson, K | 1 |
| Norris, C | 1 |
| Coakley, D | 1 |
| Mokhtarani, M | 1 |
| Scharschmidt, BF | 1 |
| Mondal, P | 1 |
| Trigun, SK | 1 |
| Rahimi, RS | 1 |
| Poo, JL | 1 |
| Cervera, E | 1 |
| de Hoyos, A | 1 |
| Gil, S | 1 |
| Cadena, M | 1 |
| Uribe, M | 1 |
| Teufel, U | 1 |
| Weitz, J | 1 |
| Flechtenmacher, C | 1 |
| Prietsch, V | 1 |
| Schmidt, J | 1 |
| Hoffmann, GF | 1 |
| Kölker, S | 1 |
| Engelmann, G | 1 |
| Blanco Vela, CI | 1 |
| Poo Ramírez, JL | 1 |
| WOLFE, SJ | 1 |
| FAST, BB | 1 |
| STORMONT, JM | 1 |
| DAVIDSON, CS | 1 |
| UGARTE, G | 2 |
| PINO, ME | 2 |
| VALENZUELA, J | 2 |
| LORCA, F | 2 |
| NIENHUIS, LI | 1 |
| MULMED, EI | 1 |
| KELLEY, JW | 1 |
| DELPINO, D | 1 |
| LESTRADET, H | 1 |
| LEVY, VG | 1 |
| BERGOZ, R | 1 |
| PREVOT, M | 1 |
| LAUGA, J | 1 |
| CAROLI, J | 1 |
| LABBY, DH | 1 |
| HUTCHINSON, JH | 1 |
| STAHL, J | 1 |
| BOCKEL, R | 1 |
| IMLER, M | 2 |
| Durham, AE | 1 |
| Newton, JR | 1 |
| Smith, KC | 1 |
| Hillyer, MH | 1 |
| Hillyer, LL | 1 |
| Smith, MR | 1 |
| Marr, CM | 1 |
| DuBois, S | 1 |
| Eng, S | 1 |
| Bhattacharya, R | 1 |
| Rulyak, S | 1 |
| Hubbard, T | 1 |
| Putnam, D | 1 |
| Kearney, DJ | 1 |
| Stefoni, S | 1 |
| Colì, L | 1 |
| Bolondi, L | 1 |
| Donati, G | 2 |
| Ruggeri, G | 1 |
| Feliciangeli, G | 1 |
| Piscaglia, F | 1 |
| Silvagni, E | 1 |
| Sirri, M | 1 |
| Baraldi, O | 1 |
| Soverini, ML | 1 |
| Cianciolo, G | 1 |
| Boni, P | 1 |
| Patrono, D | 1 |
| Ramazzotti, E | 1 |
| Motta, R | 1 |
| Roda, A | 1 |
| Simoni, P | 1 |
| Magliulo, M | 1 |
| Borgnino, LC | 1 |
| Ricci, D | 1 |
| Mezzopane, D | 1 |
| Cappuccilli, ML | 1 |
| Nguyen, J | 1 |
| Kramer, D | 1 |
| Genco, T | 1 |
| Mai, M | 1 |
| Rosser, BG | 1 |
| Atiq, M | 1 |
| Holt, AF | 1 |
| Safdar, K | 1 |
| Weber, F | 1 |
| Ravinuthala, R | 1 |
| Jonas, ME | 1 |
| Neff, GW | 1 |
| Thomson, A | 1 |
| Holmes, AW | 1 |
| Streiff, F | 1 |
| Dureux, B | 1 |
| Peters, A | 1 |
| Canton, P | 1 |
| Genetet, B | 1 |
| Leimenstoll, G | 1 |
| Leimenstoll, A | 1 |
| Moch, KJ | 1 |
| Kamenich, W | 1 |
| Matthes, KJ | 1 |
| Kvamme, E | 1 |
| Mezey, E | 2 |
| Gerok, W | 2 |
| Lochs, H | 1 |
| Kleinberger, G | 1 |
| Druml, W | 1 |
| Plevris, JN | 1 |
| Morgenstern, R | 1 |
| Hayes, PC | 1 |
| Bouchier, IA | 1 |
| Treem, WR | 1 |
| Nozaki, H | 1 |
| Sanjo, K | 1 |
| Sarhan, S | 1 |
| Knödgen, B | 1 |
| Grauffel, C | 1 |
| Seiler, N | 1 |
| Marchesini, G | 1 |
| Fabbri, A | 1 |
| Bianchi, G | 1 |
| Brizi, M | 1 |
| Zoli, M | 1 |
| Catapano, G | 1 |
| De Bartolo, L | 1 |
| Lombardi, CP | 1 |
| Drioli, E | 1 |
| West, HJ | 1 |
| Brusilow, SW | 1 |
| Maestri, NE | 1 |
| Cordoba, J | 1 |
| Blei, AT | 1 |
| Mujais, S | 1 |
| Weber, FL | 2 |
| Peek, SF | 1 |
| Divers, TJ | 1 |
| Jackson, CJ | 1 |
| Noto, H | 1 |
| Matsushita, M | 1 |
| Koike, M | 1 |
| Takahashi, M | 1 |
| Matsue, H | 1 |
| Kimura, J | 1 |
| Todo, S | 1 |
| Rose, C | 1 |
| Michalak, A | 1 |
| Pannunzio, P | 1 |
| Therrien, G | 1 |
| Quack, G | 1 |
| Kircheis, G | 1 |
| Butterworth, RF | 1 |
| Stange, J | 1 |
| Mitzner, SR | 1 |
| Risler, T | 1 |
| Erley, CM | 1 |
| Lauchart, W | 1 |
| Goehl, H | 1 |
| Klammt, S | 1 |
| Peszynski, P | 1 |
| Freytag, J | 1 |
| Hickstein, H | 1 |
| Löhr, M | 1 |
| Liebe, S | 1 |
| Schareck, W | 1 |
| Hopt, UT | 1 |
| Schmidt, R | 1 |
| Adamek, MU | 1 |
| Brass, H | 1 |
| Karbach, U | 1 |
| Königshausen, T | 1 |
| Förster, H | 1 |
| Trobisch, H | 1 |
| Borchard, F | 1 |
| Grabensee, B | 1 |
| Hausamen, TU | 1 |
| Mittermayer, Ch | 1 |
| Böttcher, D | 1 |
| Manghani, KK | 1 |
| Lunzer, MR | 2 |
| Billing, BH | 1 |
| Sherlock, S | 3 |
| Glasgow, AM | 1 |
| Chase, HP | 1 |
| Ansley, JD | 1 |
| Isaacs, JW | 1 |
| Rikkers, LF | 1 |
| Kutner, MH | 1 |
| Nordlinger, BM | 1 |
| Rudman, D | 2 |
| Pausch, J | 1 |
| Mel'k, MV | 1 |
| Schlienger, JL | 1 |
| Winchester, JF | 1 |
| Gelfand, MC | 1 |
| Knepshield, JH | 1 |
| Schreiner, GE | 1 |
| Neumayr, A | 1 |
| Müting, D | 1 |
| Mahnke, PF | 1 |
| Keitel, R | 1 |
| Graf, B | 1 |
| Schollmeyer, W | 1 |
| Otto, U | 1 |
| Galambos, JT | 1 |
| Warren, WD | 1 |
| Smith, RB | 1 |
| Salam, AA | 1 |
| Hill, MJ | 1 |
| Drasar, BS | 1 |
| Granov, AM | 1 |
| Mikhal'chuk, MA | 1 |
| Borisov, AE | 1 |
| Kabakov, AB | 1 |
| Bruk, AA | 1 |
| Frohburg, E | 1 |
| Stölzel, U | 1 |
| Lenz, K | 1 |
| Schäfer, JH | 1 |
| Tung, LC | 1 |
| Riecken, EO | 1 |
| Kreis, R | 1 |
| Farrow, N | 1 |
| Ross, BD | 1 |
| Roterdamskaia, OM | 1 |
| Alimov, MM | 1 |
| Kasymov, AKh | 1 |
| Gilbert, GJ | 1 |
| Lie, TS | 1 |
| Jung, V | 1 |
| Kachel, F | 1 |
| Höhnke, C | 1 |
| Lee, KS | 1 |
| Parbhoo, SP | 2 |
| James, IM | 2 |
| Ajdukiewicz, A | 1 |
| Xanalatos, C | 1 |
| Kennedy, J | 2 |
| Chalstrey, LJ | 2 |
| Brock, PJ | 1 |
| Sayer, P | 1 |
| Kommerell, B | 1 |
| Stiehl, A | 1 |
| Thaler, MM | 1 |
| Hoogenraad, NJ | 1 |
| Boswell, M | 1 |
| Moult, PJ | 1 |
| Trash, DB | 1 |
| Losowsky, MS | 1 |
| Scott, BB | 1 |
| Zweig, JI | 1 |
| Lecompte, Y | 1 |
| Metreau, JM | 1 |
| Sancho, HS | 1 |
| Bismuth, H | 1 |
| Soyer, T | 1 |
| Lempinen, M | 1 |
| Walker, JE | 1 |
| Supanwanid, P | 1 |
| Eiseman, B | 1 |
| Nance, FC | 1 |
| Kaufman, HJ | 1 |
| Kline, DG | 1 |
| O'Reilly, S | 1 |
| Jones, JD | 1 |
| Burnett, PC | 1 |
| Willson, RA | 1 |
| Webster, KH | 1 |
| Hofmann, AF | 1 |
| Summerskill, WH | 3 |
| Gips, CH | 1 |
| Reitsema, A | 1 |
| Adjukiewicz, AB | 1 |
| Hillenbrand, P | 1 |
| Berl, S | 1 |
| Wolpert, E | 1 |
| Fishbein, WN | 1 |
| Daly, JE | 1 |
| Thorsell, F | 1 |
| Feinberg, JH | 1 |
| Aldrete, JS | 1 |
| Boeckl, O | 1 |
| Bircher, J | 1 |
| Gmünder, U | 1 |
| Haemmerli, UP | 1 |
| Müller-Duysing, W | 1 |
| Bally, G | 1 |
| Haemmerli, G | 1 |
| Hoffmann, K | 1 |
| Dubrisay, J | 1 |
| Foncin, JF | 1 |
| Pouillart, P | 1 |
| Mahoudeau, D | 1 |
| Rossotto, P | 1 |
| Motta, G | 1 |
| Guberti, A | 1 |
| Azzena, GF | 1 |
| Tabone, E | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retrospective Analysis of Outcome After Implantation of a Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)[NCT03459378] | 158 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2018-03-23 | Completed | |||
| A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Safety and Efficacy of HPN-100 for Maintaining Remission in Subjects With Cirrhosis and Episodic Hepatic Encephalopathy[NCT00999167] | Phase 2 | 189 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-12-31 | Completed | ||
| Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Versus Lactulose on Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis; a Randomized Clinical Trial (PEGHE Trial)[NCT04436601] | Phase 4 | 102 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-03-09 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Study of Sodium Phenylbutyrate and Low-Dose Arginine Compared to High-Dose Arginine Alone on Liver Function, Ureagenesis and Subsequent Nitric Oxide Production in Patients With Argininosuccinic Aciduria[NCT00345605] | Phase 2 | 12 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2008-02-29 | Completed | ||
| Efficacy of Intravenous 'L-ornithine L-aspartate' in Reversal of Overt Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: a Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT01722578] | Phase 4 | 200 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-12-31 | Completed | ||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
"An HE event was defined as occurrences of either a West Haven (WH) Grade ≥2 or a WH Grade 1 and asterixis grade increase of 1 (if baseline WH = 0).~The WH criteria are widely used for rating the severity of HE and are summarized below:~Grade 1: trivial lack of awareness, euphoria or anxiety, shortened attention span, impaired performance of addition Grade 2: lethargy or apathy, minimal disorientation for time or place, subtle personality change, inappropriate behavior, impaired performance of subtraction Grade 3: somnolence to semi-stupor but responsive to verbal stimuli, confusion, gross disorientation Grade 4: coma (unresponsive to verbal or noxious stimuli)~Asterixis was assessed after arm and forearm extension along with wrist dorsiflexion for 30 seconds and assigned a grade according to the following criteria:~Grade 1: rare flaps Grade 2: occasional irregular flaps Grade 3: frequent flaps Grade 4: continuous flaps" (NCT00999167)
Timeframe: Part B: 112 Days
| Intervention | participants (Number) |
|---|---|
| HPN-100 | 19 |
| Placebo | 32 |
Secondary efficacy endpoint. The time to the first HE episode during the treatment period was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Subjects who did not experience an HE episode were censored at the time of their last asterixis assessment. Subjects who had no post-randomization data for the primary endpoint were considered to have an HE episode at Day 1. (NCT00999167)
Timeframe: 112 Days
| Intervention | Days (Median) |
|---|---|
| HPN-100 | NA |
| Placebo | NA |
Secondary efficacy endpoint. The total number of HE events during the treatment phase for subjects in the placebo and active arms. (NCT00999167)
Timeframe: 112 Days
| Intervention | HE event (Number) |
|---|---|
| HPN-100 | 35 |
| Placebo | 57 |
Changes from Baseline to Day 56 and the Final Visit were compared between treatment groups using an ANCOVA model for the total index RBANS score ). The index score is a sum of the scores for each of the 5 individual domains (immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional, language, attention). The minimum and maximum total index scores are 40 and 160, respectively; a higher score is better. (NCT00999167)
Timeframe: Day 56, Final Visit (D112)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Least Squares Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline to D56 (Total Score) | Change from Baseline to Final Visit (Total Score) | |
| HPN-100 | -0.5 | -10.7 |
| Placebo | 3.2 | -9.7 |
Part A: The rate of AEs and tolerability of 6 mL and 9 mL doses of HPN-100 were considered the primary safety endpoints for Part A. Safety assessments included adverse events, laboratory tests (including ammonia, hematology, coagulation, liver function and serum chemistry parameters), vital signs, physical and neurological examinations, and electrocardiograms. (NCT00999167)
Timeframe: Part A: 28 days
| Intervention | Subjects (Number) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any AE | Gastrointestinal disorders | Metabolism and nutrition disorders | Infection and infestations | Nervous system disorders | Blood and lymphatic system disorders | Injury, poisoning and procedural complications | Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Psychiatric disorders | Any SAE | Death | |
| HPN-100 BID | 11 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 2 |
(NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period
| Intervention | micromoles/L (Median) |
|---|---|
| High-dose Arginine Alone | 129 |
| Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl | 53 |
(NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period
| Intervention | micromole/l (Median) |
|---|---|
| High-dose Arginine Alone | 69 |
| Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl | 53 |
The result (in seconds) for a prothrombin time performed on a normal individual will vary according to the type of analytical system employed. This is due to the variations between different batches of manufacturer's tissue factor used in the reagent to perform the test. The INR was devised to standardize the results. Each manufacturer assigns an ISI value (International Sensitivity Index) for any tissue factor they manufacture. The ISI value indicates how a particular batch of tissue factor compares to an international reference tissue factor. The ISI is usually between 1.0 and 2.0. The INR is the ratio of a patient's prothrombin time to a normal (control) sample, raised to the power of the ISI value for the analytical system being used. (NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl | 14.2 |
| High Dose Arginine Alone | 13.8 |
(NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period
| Intervention | micromoles/kg/hr (Mean) |
|---|---|
| High-dose Arginine Alone | 215 |
| Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl | 97 |
Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were measured. (NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period
| Intervention | IU/L (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Plasma AST | ALT | |
| High Dose Arginine Alone | 52 | 57.86 |
| Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl | 36.2 | 31.7 |
Plasma levels of coagulation factors I and IX were used as measures of hepatic synthetic function since the treatment duration was short. (NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period
| Intervention | mg/dL (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| I | IX | |
| High Dose Arginine Alone | 229.77 | 98.36 |
| Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl | 222.22 | 105.33 |
Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) were measured PT measures factors I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin), V, VII, and X, while PTT is a performance indicator of the efficacy of the common coagulation pathways. (NCT00345605)
Timeframe: Measured after each 1-week treatment period
| Intervention | seconds (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| PT | PTT | |
| High Dose Arginine Alone | 13.8 | 30.98 |
| Low-dose Arginine Plus Buphenyl | 14.25 | 30.91 |
14 reviews available for urea and Hepatic Encephalopathy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Mechanistic insight, diagnosis, and treatment of ammonia-induced hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Ammonia; Diet; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Urea | 2019 |
Novel Ammonia-Lowering Agents for Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Topics: Ammonia; Carbon; Gastrointestinal Agents; Glycerol; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Ornithine; Oxide | 2015 |
[Rationale for the use of sodium benzoate in clinical hepatology].
Topics: Acetates; Adult; Animals; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Glycine; He | 1990 |
HEPATIC COMA; TREATMENT EMPHASIZING MERIT OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Alkalosis; Ammonium Chloride; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arginine; Chlorothiazi | 1963 |
Liver disease and protein needs.
Topics: Amino Acids; Avitaminosis; Dietary Proteins; Digestion; Ethanol; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Int | 1982 |
[Therapy of aminoacid and protein metabolism disturbances in liver disease (author's transl)].
Topics: Amino Acids; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Energy Intake; Hepatic Encephalo | 1981 |
Inherited and acquired syndromes of hyperammonemia and encephalopathy in children.
Topics: Ammonia; Child; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Diseases; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Reye Synd | 1994 |
Urea cycle disorders: diagnosis, pathophysiology, and therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Algorithms; Alkalosis, Respiratory; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Ammonia; Child | 1996 |
Lactulose and combination therapy of hepatic encephalopathy: the role of the intestinal microflora.
Topics: Ammonia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Cathartics; Dietary Fiber; Drug Synergism; Feces; Gastroin | 1996 |
Effects of lactulose on nitrogen metabolism.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Colon; Dietary Fiber; Feces; Gastrointestinal Agents; Hepat | 1997 |
[Biochemical and pathophysiological aspects of hyperammonaemia (author's transl)].
Topics: Ammonia; Brain; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver; Uracil Nucleotides; Urea | 1977 |
Liver disease and nutrition.
Topics: Alcoholism; Amino Acids; Blood Glucose; Celiac Disease; Deficiency Diseases; Hepatic Encephalopathy; | 1978 |
Hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Acetazolamide; Ammonia; Constipation; Diet Therapy; Electroencephalography; Gastrointestinal Hemorrh | 1973 |
Effects of lysine on ammonia formation, hydrogen ion, and potassium ion balance: a review and an hypothesis.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Adolescent; Adult; Ammonia; Animals; Arginine; Biological Transport; Cystinur | 1973 |
3 trials available for urea and Hepatic Encephalopathy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Randomized, double-blind, controlled study of glycerol phenylbutyrate in hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutamine; Glycerol; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Huma | 2014 |
Randomized, double-blind, controlled study of glycerol phenylbutyrate in hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutamine; Glycerol; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Huma | 2014 |
Randomized, double-blind, controlled study of glycerol phenylbutyrate in hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutamine; Glycerol; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Huma | 2014 |
Randomized, double-blind, controlled study of glycerol phenylbutyrate in hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glutamine; Glycerol; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Huma | 2014 |
Breath ammonia testing for diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Ammonia; Breath Tests; Equipment Design; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; | 2005 |
Selective and total shunts in the treatment of bleeding varices. A randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Blood Vessel Prosthesis; Esophageal and Gastric Varices; F | 1976 |
72 other studies available for urea and Hepatic Encephalopathy
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Nitrogenous compounds in the saliva and blood of cirrhotic patients: a cross-sectional study.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Nitric Oxide; Nitrogen Com | 2022 |
A novel score predicts mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: MOTS - Modified TIPS Score.
Topics: Ascites; Bilirubin; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugul | 2022 |
[Predictors of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with severe acute liver injury].
Topics: Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Urea | 2022 |
[Predictors of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with severe acute liver injury].
Topics: Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Urea | 2022 |
[Predictors of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with severe acute liver injury].
Topics: Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Urea | 2022 |
[Predictors of hepatic encephalopathy in patients with severe acute liver injury].
Topics: Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis, Autoimmune; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Urea | 2022 |
Pannexin1 as a novel cerebral target in pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Ammonia; Brain; Connexins; Energy Metabolism; Glutamic Acid; Heart Arrest; Hepatic Encephalopathy; H | 2014 |
High urgency liver transplantation in ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency presenting with acute liver failure.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Child, Preschool; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; | 2011 |
Efficacy of oral L-ornithine L-aspartate in cirrhotic patients with hyperammonemic hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Ammonia; Dipeptides; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia | 2011 |
Treatment of hepatic coma: use of certain Krebs' urea cycle intermediates (L-arginine, DL-ornithine).
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Arginine; Citric Acid Cycle; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Ornithine; Urea | 1958 |
UREA CYCLE ENZYMATIC ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS IN ENDOGENOUS HEPATIC COMA.
Topics: Arginase; Arginine; Blood; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hepatitis; Hepatitis A; Humans; Ligases; Liver; L | 1963 |
[HEPATIC COMA].
Topics: Ammonia; Arginine; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood; Blood Protein Electrophoresis; Clinical Labor | 1963 |
[THE PHYSIOPATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF HEPATIC COMA].
Topics: Alkalosis; Ammonia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Arginine; Bilirubin; Blood C | 1964 |
[CASE OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS IN A PATIENT WITH CIRRHOSIS IN COMA WITH INFECTED ASCITES].
Topics: Ammonia; Ascites; Blood Chemical Analysis; Coma; Dialysis; Fluid Therapy; Hematocrit; Hepatic Enceph | 1964 |
MECHANISM OF HEPATIC COMA.
Topics: Ammonia; Blood; Diagnosis; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Intestine, Small; Intestines; | 1964 |
Retrospective analysis of historical, clinical, ultrasonographic, serum biochemical and haematological data in prognostic evaluation of equine liver disease.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Blood Chemical Analysis; Confidence Intervals; | 2003 |
Molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) application in liver failure: clinical and hemodepurative results in 22 patients.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Bilirubin; Blood Pressure; Chenodeoxycholic Acid; Cholic | 2006 |
Presentation of an acquired urea cycle disorder post liver transplantation.
Topics: Fatal Outcome; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver | 2007 |
Adult onset urea cycle disorder in a patient with presumed hepatic encephalopathy.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Glucocorticoids; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperammonemia; Male; Meta | 2008 |
Immune inhibition of urea breakdown in patients with cirrhosis.
Topics: Ammonia; Dietary Proteins; Hemagglutination Tests; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Immunization; Liv | 1967 |
[A new indication for exchange transfusion: treatment of hepatic coma?].
Topics: Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Child; Electroencephalography; Exchange Transfusion, Whole B | 1967 |
[Problems of protein supply in patients with liver cirrhosis].
Topics: Ammonia; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Methionine; Neurotransmitter Agents; Paren | 1982 |
Ammonia metabolism in the CNS.
Topics: Acyltransferases; Amidohydrolases; Ammonia; Animals; Asparaginase; Brain; Cats; Central Nervous Syst | 1983 |
[Disorders of kidney function in hepatic coma].
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Creatinine; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Hyperaldosteronism; | 1982 |
Hyperammonaemia in cirrhosis and Helicobacter pylori infection.
Topics: Ammonia; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Breath Tests; Female; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; | 1995 |
[A case of hyperammonemia in chronic renal failure successfully treated with the infusion of NaHCO3].
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Acidosis; Aged; Ammonia; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Infusions, I | 1993 |
Effects of inhibition of ornithine aminotransferase on thioacetamide-induced hepatogenic encephalopathy.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Citrulline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hepatic Encephal | 1993 |
Zinc supplementation and amino acid-nitrogen metabolism in patients with advanced cirrhosis.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Alanine; Ammonia; Female; Glucagon; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Human | 1996 |
The effect of oxygen transport resistances on the viability and functions of isolated rat hepatocytes.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Artificial Organs; Biological Transport, Active; Cell Separation; Cell Survival; C | 1996 |
Clinical and pathological studies in horses with hepatic disease.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Bilirubin; Biopsy; Blood Glucose; Disease Progression; Femal | 1996 |
Determinants of ammonia clearance by hemodialysis.
Topics: Ammonia; Blood Flow Velocity; Brain Edema; Dialysis Solutions; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hu | 1996 |
Hyperammonaemia associated with encephalopathy and abdominal pain without evidence of liver disease in four mature horses.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Ammonia; Animals; Bicarbonates; Bile Acids and Salts; Bilirubin; Biomarkers; Creatin | 1997 |
Effect of high concentrations of bile acids on cultured hepatocytes.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Cells, Cultured; Cholagogues and Choleretics; D | 1998 |
L-ornithine-L-aspartate in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy: therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of action.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Male; Portacaval Shunt, Surgica | 1998 |
Molecular adsorbent recycling system (MARS): clinical results of a new membrane-based blood purification system for bioartificial liver support.
Topics: Adsorption; Adult; Ammonia; Bilirubin; Cholinesterases; Creatinine; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; | 1999 |
[A rare cause of hepatic coma].
Topics: Aged; Colon; Colon, Sigmoid; Colony Count, Microbial; Cystectomy; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; H | 2001 |
[Toxic liver disintegration coma with consumption coagulopathy following carbromal poisoning].
Topics: Adult; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver; Poison | 1976 |
[Liver coma in bromcarbamide poisoning].
Topics: Adult; Bromisovalum; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver; Male; Poisoning; Suicide; Urea | 1977 |
Urinary and serum octopamine in patients with portal-systemic encephalopathy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Diseases; M | 1975 |
Exchange transfusion to remove ammonia.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Ammonia; Brain Diseases; Child; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Exchange Transfusio | 1975 |
Quantitative tests of nitrogen metabolism in cirrhosis: relation to other manifestations of liver disease.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Ammonium Chloride; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Cholesterol; | 1978 |
[Clinico-diagnostic and prognostic value of various indicators of nitrogen metabolism in hepatic coma].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Middle Aged; Pr | 1979 |
[Hyperammonemia and hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotics receiving spironolactone (author's transl)].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Midd | 1977 |
Present and future uses of hemoperfusion with sorbents.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adsorption; Animals; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Charcoal; Coma; Creati | 1978 |
[Blood perfusion of the liver under physiological and pathological conditions - mechanisms and clinical importance (author's transl)].
Topics: Ammonia; Hepatic Artery; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Circulation; Liver Cirrhosis; Microci | 1977 |
[Therapy of hepatic insufficiency].
Topics: Alcoholism; Ammonia; Dietary Proteins; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hu | 1977 |
[Morphological, clinical and biochemical findings on the swine-liver after heterologous perfusion for treatment of fatal ammonium bichromate poisoning].
Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Copper; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver; Male; Perfusion | 1976 |
The normal colonic bacterial flora.
Topics: Ammonia; Bacteria; Bacteroides; Bile Acids and Salts; Carcinogens; Chloramphenicol; Clostridium; Col | 1975 |
[Extracorporeal fixation of liver slices onto the system of "artificial kidney" apparatus].
Topics: Adult; Ammonia; Animals; Bilirubin; Dogs; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Kidneys, Artificial; Liver | 1976 |
Prognostic indicators in fulminant hepatic failure.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bilirubin; Creatinine; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Liver Function Tes | 1992 |
Diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Aged; Female; Glutamine; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Inositol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; | 1990 |
[Possibilities of hemosorption using a fibrous sorbent in acute hepatic failure (experimental study)].
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Acute Disease; Ammonia; Animals; Bilirubin; Blood Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; | 1990 |
Acute ammonia intoxication 37 years after ureterosigmoidostomy.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Ammonia; Colon, Sigmoid; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Im | 1988 |
Abstracts of the 6th International Symposium on Ammonia--Advances in Hepatic Encephalopathy and Urea Cycle Diseases. The Netherlands, 27-29 April, 1987.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Urea | 1987 |
Successful treatment of hepatic coma by a new artificial liver device in the pig.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Ammonia; Animals; Artificial Organs; Female; Hemoperfusion; Hepatic Encephalopa | 1985 |
Extracorporeal pig-liver perfusoon in treatment of hepatic coma due to fulminant hepatitis.
Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bicarbonates; Bilirubin; Blood Gl | 1971 |
[Physiopathological and clinical significance of the most important laboratory findings in hepatitis and cirrhosis].
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Ammonia; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Biopsy; Blood Proteins; gamma | 1970 |
Reye's syndrome due to a novel protein-tolerant variant of ornithine-transcarbamylase deficiency.
Topics: Ammonia; Brain Diseases; Child; Fatty Liver; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Kinetics; Liver | 1974 |
Use of bumetanide in the treatment of ascites due to liver disease.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ascites; Benzoates; Bilirubin; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Butylamines; Chr | 1974 |
Prediction of mortality in cirrhosis of the liver.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Ascites; Blood Coagulation Tests; Brain Diseases; Death, Sudden; Gastrointestin | 1974 |
Extracorporeal assist of anhepatic animals with liver slice perfusion.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Bilirubin; Carotid Arteries; Electroencephalography; Hepatectomy; Hepatic Encephal | 1973 |
Role of urea in the hyperammonemia of germ-free Eck fistula dogs.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Digestive System; Dogs; Female; Germ-Free Life; Hepatic Encep | 1974 |
Neurologic disorders and liver disease.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Ammonia; Brain Diseases; Citrulline; Fatty Liver; Galactosemias; Hepatic Encephalopa | 1971 |
Implication of creatinine and gut flora in the uremic syndrome: induction of "creatininase" in colon contents of the rat by dietary creatinine.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Colon; Creatinine; Diet; Guanidines; Hepatic | 1972 |
Toward an artificial liver: in vitro removal of unbound and protein-bound plasma compounds related to hepatic failure.
Topics: Ammonia; Artificial Organs; Bilirubin; Butyrates; Carbon Isotopes; Filtration; Glutamine; Hepatic En | 1972 |
Influence of non-protein nitrogen substances on the indophenol reaction.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonia; Chemistry, Clinical; Diagnosis, Differential; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; | 1971 |
Extracorporeal perfusion of pig liver in the treatment of acute liver failure.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Animals; Bilirubin; Brain; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Electroence | 1971 |
Cerebral amino acid metabolism in hepatic coma.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Ammonia; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Electroencephalography; | 1971 |
Ammonia metabolism in the gut.
Topics: Ammonia; Digestive System; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Liver Cirrhosis; U | 1970 |
Urease inhibitors for hepatic coma. II. Comparative efficacy of four lower hydroxamate homologs in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Hydroxamic | 1970 |
Effects of urease inhibition in hyperammonemia: clinical and experimental studies with acetohydroxamic acid.
Topics: Aged; Ammonia; Animals; Bilirubin; Budd-Chiari Syndrome; Dogs; Fasting; Female; Hepatic Encephalopat | 1968 |
[Heterologous liver perfusion. A possibility of temporary liver substitution].
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bile; Bilirubin; Blood; Blood Gas Analysis; Cholestasis; Cholesterol; | 1968 |
[On the action mechanism of lactulose in hepatic coma--clarification of colon urease activity using C-14 urea in rats].
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Colon; Disaccharides; Feces; Hepatic Encephalopat | 1968 |
[72 cases of hepatic coma. Trial clinical, biological and anatomical correlation apropos of 105 cases].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ammonia; Brain; Electroencephalography; Female; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Humans; Male; M | 1968 |
[Hepatic depuration with heterologous liver. Physiopathological presuppositions, indications and metabolic and hemodynamic characteristics of the experimental preparation].
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Glucose; Hemodynamics; Hepatic Encephalopathy; Liver; Liver Circulation; Liver Dis | 1969 |