Page last updated: 2024-10-21

urea and Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset

urea has been researched along with Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset in 112 studies

pseudourea: clinical use; structure
isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"To investigate the anti proteinuric effect of pentoxifylline in diabetic patients, we prospectively studied in 25 hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria and normal renal function the impact of combining pentoxifylline with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on urinary albumin excretion and compared the results with those obtained in a control group of 25 type 2 diabetic patients treated with lisinopril only."9.10Combination of pentoxifylline with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors produces an additional reduction in microalbuminuria in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. ( Harmankaya, O; Seber, S; Yilmaz, M, 2003)
"Dysregulation of the urea cycle (UC) has been detected in colorectal cancer (CRC)."8.84Association between serum urea concentrations and the risk of colorectal cancer, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study. ( Chen, X; Gao, P; Jiang, Y; Liu, Z; Mei, Z; Suo, C; Xu, K; Yuan, H; Zhang, T; Zhao, R; Zhu, D, 2024)
"Measurement of urinary electrolytes and urea revealed that an osmotic diuresis induced by urea derived principally by breakdown of endogenous protein was causative."7.79Severe hypernatremia from a urea-induced diuresis due to body protein wasting in an insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic patient. ( Anderson, A; Barrett, EJ, 2013)
"We report a case of proximal fold cellulitis in both big toes, associated with a bilateral proximal onychomycosis and an intertrigo of the fourth space due to Fusarium solani."7.73[Bilateral proximal cellulitis and onychomycosis in both big toes due to Fusarium solani]. ( Sellart-Altisent, M; Torres-Rodríguez, JM, 2006)
"Mifepristone was administered at doses of 300-1200 mg daily."6.77Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome. ( Biller, BM; Findling, JW; Fleseriu, M; Gross, C; Molitch, ME; Schteingart, DE, 2012)
"Depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are serious public health problems with irreversible health consequences and a significant economic burden on the healthcare system."5.72Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study. ( Geng, Y; Li, X; Ma, J; Mao, Y; Zhao, Y; Zhu, S, 2022)
"Type 2 diabetes is associated with excessively low urine pH, which increases the risk for uric acid nephrolithiasis."5.14Metabolic basis for low urine pH in type 2 diabetes. ( Cameron, MA; Maalouf, NM; Moe, OW; Sakhaee, K, 2010)
"To investigate the anti proteinuric effect of pentoxifylline in diabetic patients, we prospectively studied in 25 hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria and normal renal function the impact of combining pentoxifylline with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on urinary albumin excretion and compared the results with those obtained in a control group of 25 type 2 diabetic patients treated with lisinopril only."5.10Combination of pentoxifylline with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors produces an additional reduction in microalbuminuria in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. ( Harmankaya, O; Seber, S; Yilmaz, M, 2003)
"04), urinary urea nitrogen and proteinuria (P<0."5.10Beneficiary effect of dietary soy protein on lowering plasma levels of lipid and improving kidney function in type II diabetes with nephropathy. ( Atabak, S; Azadbakht, L; Esmaill-Zadeh, A; Jamshidian, M; Mehrabi, Y; Shakerhosseini, R, 2003)
" This review provides an overview of 5-HT receptor pharmacology and discusses two recent 5-HT receptor subtype-selective drugs, lorcaserin and pimavanserin, which target the 5HT2C and 5HT2A receptors and provide new treatments for obesity and Parkinson's disease psychosis, respectively."4.89Lorcaserin and pimavanserin: emerging selectivity of serotonin receptor subtype-targeted drugs. ( Meltzer, HY; Roth, BL, 2013)
"Dysregulation of the urea cycle (UC) has been detected in colorectal cancer (CRC)."4.84Association between serum urea concentrations and the risk of colorectal cancer, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study. ( Chen, X; Gao, P; Jiang, Y; Liu, Z; Mei, Z; Suo, C; Xu, K; Yuan, H; Zhang, T; Zhao, R; Zhu, D, 2024)
" There were significant negative correlations between the macular thickness values of parafoveal areas and serum urea, HbA1c, albumin, microalbuminuria levels (p < 0."3.96Effect of microalbuminuria on macular thickness in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. ( Atilgan, KG; Caglayan, M; Kosekahya, P; Sendul, SY; Ucgul Atilgan, C; Yilmazbas, P, 2020)
"To evaluate the role of serum urea and creatinine as surrogate markers for disruption of retinal photoreceptor external limiting membrane (ELM) and inner segment ellipsoid zone (EZ) in Type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, for the first time."3.85INCREASED SERUM LEVELS OF UREA AND CREATININE ARE SURROGATE MARKERS FOR DISRUPTION OF RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR EXTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE AND INNER SEGMENT ELLIPSOID ZONE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. ( Akduman, L; Gilhotra, JS; Jain, A; Kruzliak, P; Meyer, CH; Mishra, N; Natu, SM; Prasad, S; Ruia, S; Saxena, S, 2017)
" Moreover positive correlation was found between sialic acid ganglioside and blood glucose, HbA1c, urea, creatinine, microalbuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy."3.83Monitoring Diabetic Nephropathy by Circulating Gangliosides. ( Anghel, A; Budu, V; Ene, CD; Neagu, M; Nicolae, I; Penescu, M, 2016)
"Measurement of urinary electrolytes and urea revealed that an osmotic diuresis induced by urea derived principally by breakdown of endogenous protein was causative."3.79Severe hypernatremia from a urea-induced diuresis due to body protein wasting in an insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic patient. ( Anderson, A; Barrett, EJ, 2013)
" Glycerol in T2DM microdialysate (but not in T1DM) was higher than in healthy volunteers, which is likely explained by sc insulin resistance (insulin is a potent antilipolytic hormone)."3.76Analyte flux at a biomaterial-tissue interface over time: implications for sensors for type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Adamson, U; Brismar, K; Ekberg, NR; Hedblad, MA; Malmstedt, J; Ungerstedt, U; Wisniewski, N, 2010)
"We report a case of proximal fold cellulitis in both big toes, associated with a bilateral proximal onychomycosis and an intertrigo of the fourth space due to Fusarium solani."3.73[Bilateral proximal cellulitis and onychomycosis in both big toes due to Fusarium solani]. ( Sellart-Altisent, M; Torres-Rodríguez, JM, 2006)
" Between 6 and 12 months of age, eSS male rats had higher fructosamine values and glucose intolerance as well as increasing proteinuria and uremia."3.70Onset and evolution of nephropathy in rats with spontaneous diabetes mellitus. ( Arriaga, S; D'Ottavio, AE; Daniele, SM; Hisano, N; Martínez, SM; Montenegro, SM; Morisoli, L; Picena, JC; Tarrés, MC, 2000)
"Mifepristone was administered at doses of 300-1200 mg daily."2.77Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome. ( Biller, BM; Findling, JW; Fleseriu, M; Gross, C; Molitch, ME; Schteingart, DE, 2012)
"Eight men with type 2 diabetes mellitus ingested a control diet (15% protein, 55% carbohydrate, and 30% fat) and a LoBAG(30) diet for 5 weeks in a randomized crossover design with a washout period in between."2.76Effect of a high-protein diet on ghrelin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I and binding proteins 1 and 3 in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Gannon, MC; Nuttall, FQ, 2011)
"No effect was observed on renal hemodynamic parameters."2.72Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the urotensin II receptor antagonist palosuran in macroalbuminuric, diabetic patients. ( Bohnemeier, H; Chadha-Boreham, H; Dingemanse, J; Halabi, A; Jungnik, A; Krähenbühl, S; Sidharta, PN; Wagner, FD, 2006)
"Thirty hypertensive diabetic nephropathy patients with moderate hypertension were studied."2.70Comparative effect of lisinopril and lacidipine on urinary albumin excretion in patients with type 11 diabetic nephropathy. ( Arije, A; Finomo, FO; Kadiri, S; Olatosin, AO; Salako, BL, 2002)
"In 10 patients with type 2 diabetes in poor metabolic control, urea synthesis and amino acid to urea nitrogen exchange were measured in the basal state and during an alanine load (6 hours) with 2-hour superinfusion of a PGE1 analog (30 microg/h) or saline in random order."2.70Systemic prostaglandin E1 infusion and hepatic aminonitrogen to urea nitrogen conversion in patients with type 2 diabetes in poor metabolic control. ( Baraldi, L; Bianchi, G; Brizi, M; Forlani, G; Marchesini, G; Melchionda, N; Natale, S; Zaccheroni, V, 2001)
"4."2.69Levels of lactic acid, normal level & its relation to food, glucose, cholesterol, raised blood urea and phenformin therapy. ( Amin, BM; Patel, JC; Sawant, MS, 2000)
"The diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is made by demonstrating the hypoglycemic condition, which involves the determination of plasma glucose, and the follow-up of hypoglycemic treatment is performed by assessing the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration."1.91Use of Saliva to Assess the Adherence to Treatment with Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ( Castelo, PM; da Costa Aguiar Alves, B; da Veiga, GL; de Faria Baltazar, H; Fonseca, FLA; Gascón, T; Pereira, EC, 2023)
"28 subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were enrolled."1.91Effects of Dietary Sodium and Protein Intake on Glomerular Filtration Rate in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors. ( Baggiore, CM; Colombi, C; Gaudio, C; Merciai, C; Rosati, A; Seghieri, M; Spatoliatore, G, 2023)
"A total of 405 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled in this study."1.72The association between time in the glucose target range and abnormal ankle-brachial index: a cross-sectional analysis. ( Feng, Z; Gu, P; Lei, H; Liu, C; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Lu, B; Shao, J; Shen, Q; Wei, Y; Yang, X; Zhang, Z; Zhou, H, 2022)
"Depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are serious public health problems with irreversible health consequences and a significant economic burden on the healthcare system."1.72Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study. ( Geng, Y; Li, X; Ma, J; Mao, Y; Zhao, Y; Zhu, S, 2022)
"Maturity-onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) is a monogenic form of diabetes affecting 1-5% of young (often ≤25 years) diabetic patients exhibiting an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance."1.72Clinical profiling and screening for HNF4α and GCK gene mutations in Kashmiri patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). ( Firdous, P; Ganai, BA; Hassan, T; Masoodi, SR; Nissar, K, 2022)
"To evaluate salivary factors in type 2 diabetes melliuts patients."1.51Salivary Profile in Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Case-control Study. ( Mozaffari, HR; Naseri, R; Nikray, S; Raygani, AV; Sadeghi, M; Sharifi, R, 2019)
"Pioglitazone was generally more effective than vildagliptin in the studied parameters except for the lipid profile where the effect of both drugs was comparable and for the liver enzymes and renal parameters where vildagliptin was more effective."1.43Combination of Vildagliptin and Pioglitazone in Experimental Type 2 Diabetes in Male Rats. ( El Sarha, A; Refaat, R; Sakr, A; Salama, M, 2016)
"Hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus has been linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which can progress to inflammation, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma."1.43Long-term exposure to abnormal glucose levels alters drug metabolism pathways and insulin sensitivity in primary human hepatocytes. ( Ballinger, KR; Davidson, MD; Khetani, SR, 2016)
"A total of 100 (50 with type 2 diabetes and 50 controls) participants were recruited for our study."1.43A case-control study of prevalence of anemia among patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Adjei, JK; Antwi-Bafour, S; Ekem, I; Hammond, S; Kyeremeh, R; Martin-Odoom, A, 2016)
"6) % was achieved on prescribed metformin dosage of 2550 (2000-2550) mg per day."1.40The role of genetic factors and kidney and liver function in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients on long-term metformin and sulphonylurea cotreatment. ( Dolžan, V; Goričar, K; Janež, A; Klen, J, 2014)
"In time, HIP rats developed cardiac hypertrophy and left-ventricular dilation."1.40Cardioprotection by controlling hyperamylinemia in a "humanized" diabetic rat model. ( Chiamvimonvat, N; Despa, F; Despa, S; Dong, H; Hammock, BD; Harris, TR; Li, N; Margulies, KB; Sharma, S; Taegtmeyer, H, 2014)
"Of the 2630 type 2 diabetes subjects newly registered in 1996, 152 (M:F;92:60) normoalbuminuric subjects had baseline and subsequent measurements of anthropometric, haemodynamic and biochemical details spanning 12 years."1.38Risk factors associated with the development of overt nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients: a 12 years observational study. ( Kumpatla, S; Tilak, P; Viswanathan, V, 2012)
"University of California-Davis-type 2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats with nonfasting blood glucose levels in the range of 150-200 mg/dl were treated with the sEH inhibitor 1-(1-acetypiperidin-4-yl)-3-adamantanylurea (APAU) for 6 wk."1.38Pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase provides cardioprotection in hyperglycemic rats. ( Chiamvimonvat, N; Cummings, BP; Despa, F; Despa, S; Dong, H; Dutrow, G; Evans, JE; Graham, J; Guglielmino, K; Hammock, BD; Harris, TR; Havel, PJ; Jackson, K; Vu, V, 2012)
"A rat model of type 2 diabetes was established by intraperitoneal injection of small doses of streptozotocin combined with high calorie feeding."1.35Effect of 1-[4- [2-(4-bromobenzenesulfonamino) ethyl] phenylsulfonyl]-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)urea (I4), a new synthetic sulfonylurea compound, on glucose metabolism in vivo and in vitro. ( Hong, G; Wu, GZ; Zhang, HB; Zhang, WP, 2009)
"The early stages of renal failure are poorly diagnosed by current routine tests."1.35Early renal failure detection by cystatin C in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: varying patterns of renal analyte expression. ( Bwititi, P; Car, G; Chen, R; Janu, MR; McNamara, NV; Seibel, M, 2009)
"Myo-inositol was even more elevated in patients with polyneuropathy (p = 0."1.32Alterations of cerebral metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus studied by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Feuerbach, S; Fründ, R; Geissler, A; Schölmerich, J; Zietz, B, 2003)
"Urinary VEGF excretions increased as diabetic nephropathy advanced."1.32Plasma and urinary vascular endothelial growth factor and diabetic nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Baik, SH; Cha, DR; Choi, DS; Choi, KM; Han, KH; Han, SY; Ji, YH; Kang, YS; Kim, DL; Kim, KB; Kim, NH; Kim, SG, 2004)
"Leptin is a protein hormone produced predominantly by adipocytes that affects food intake and energy expenditure."1.31Serum leptin levels in diabetic patients on hemodialysis: the relationship to parameters of diabetes metabolic control. ( Bedárová, V; Bodláková, B; Haas, T; Haluzik, M; Jiskra, J; Marková, M; Sulková, S; Svobodová, J; Turková, G, 2000)
" In this study, the anti-obesity effects of SB-334867-A were determined in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice dosed with SB-334867-A (30 mg/kg, i."1.31Anorectic, thermogenic and anti-obesity activity of a selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist in ob/ob mice. ( Arch, JR; Cawthorne, MA; Chapman, H; Clapham, JC; Haynes, AC; Moore, GB; Tadayyon, M; Taylor, C, 2002)
"This locus, which we named Mody4, was mapped to chromosome 7 in a region 2-8 cM distal to D7Mit189 (logarithm of odds [LOD] score = 15."1.30A novel locus, Mody4, distal to D7Mit189 on chromosome 7 determines early-onset NIDDM in nonobese C57BL/6 (Akita) mutant mice. ( Ikeda, T; Kayo, T; Koizumi, A; Yoshioka, M, 1997)
"We conclude that PIDDM patients have more severe renal dysfunction than NIDDM patients and, since glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations are comparable in these groups, we attribute this to a renal insult due to malnutrition predating the onset of the PIDDM."1.30Kidney function in phasic insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Jamaica. ( Bennett, F; Morrison, EY; Ragoobirsingh, D, 1997)
"4."1.29Levels of lactic acid in normal Indians & its relation to food, glucose, cholesterol, raised blood urea. ( Patel, JC; Sawant, MS, 1993)
"Seventy-one consecutive NIDDM patients attending an outpatient clinic, with Albustix-tested negative urine and a 24-h AER < 200 micrograms/min, were examined for long-term complications of diabetes."1.29Glomerular hyperfiltration in NIDDM patients without overt proteinuria. ( Friedman, R; Gross, JL; Silveiro, SP, 1993)
"The PET data from 11 IDDM patients (2 female, 9 male) and 13 NIDDM patients (3 female, 10 male) were reviewed."1.29Peritoneal transport in type I (insulin-dependent) and type II (noninsulin-dependent) diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients. ( Cabralda, T; Lin, JJ; Suh, H; Wadhwa, NK, 1995)
"The body weight has a bearing on the level of risk factors, i."1.28[The effect of elevated blood glucose levels and body weight on the metabolic profile in type 2 diabetes after long-term therapy]. ( Grafnetter, D; Jirkovská, A; Karasová, I; Pelikánová, J; Válek, J; Vlasáková, Z, 1990)

Research

Studies (112)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19902 (1.79)18.7374
1990's14 (12.50)18.2507
2000's28 (25.00)29.6817
2010's44 (39.29)24.3611
2020's24 (21.43)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Abdou, AE1
Anani, HAA1
Ibrahim, HF1
Ebrahem, EE1
Seliem, N1
Youssef, EMI1
Ghoraba, NM1
Hassan, AS1
Ramadan, MAA1
Mahmoud, E1
Issa, S1
Maghraby, HM1
Abdelrahman, EK1
Hassan, HAM1
Akiu, M1
Tsuji, T1
Iida, K1
Sogawa, Y1
Terayama, K1
Yokoyama, M1
Tanaka, J1
Asano, D1
Honda, T1
Sakurai, K1
Pinkerton, AB1
Nakamura, T1
Firdous, P1
Hassan, T1
Nissar, K1
Masoodi, SR1
Ganai, BA1
Fuglsang-Nielsen, R1
Rakvaag, E1
Vestergaard, P1
Hermansen, K1
Gregersen, S1
Starup-Linde, J1
Lerman, JB1
Giamberardino, SN1
Hernandez, AF1
Felker, GM1
Shah, SH1
McGarrah, RW1
Khan, A1
Jahan, I1
Nayeem, SM1
Ma, CM1
Wang, N1
Su, QW1
Yan, Y1
Wang, SQ1
Ma, CH1
Liu, XL1
Dong, SC1
Lu, N1
Yin, LY1
Yin, FZ1
Wang, YW1
Tan, H2
Wang, X6
Ye, K1
Lin, J2
Song, E1
Gong, L1
Antonijević, A1
Stojanović, E1
Jevtić, A1
Živković, V1
Bolevich, S1
Jakovljević, V1
Liu, G1
Lin, Y1
Wei, C1
Liu, S1
Xu, Y2
Mao, Y3
Li, X14
Zhu, S3
Ma, J3
Geng, Y3
Zhao, Y5
Wei, Y4
Liu, C5
Liu, Y6
Zhang, Z2
Feng, Z2
Yang, X5
Liu, J2
Lei, H2
Zhou, H2
Shen, Q2
Lu, B2
Gu, P2
Shao, J2
de Faria Baltazar, H1
Fonseca, FLA1
Castelo, PM1
da Costa Aguiar Alves, B1
Gascón, T1
da Veiga, GL1
Pereira, EC1
Bioletto, F1
Varaldo, E1
Prencipe, N1
Benso, A1
Berton, AM1
Gaudio, C1
Seghieri, M1
Merciai, C1
Colombi, C1
Spatoliatore, G1
Baggiore, CM1
Rosati, A1
Zhang, W1
Zheng, J2
Zhang, J4
Li, N2
Fang, ZZ1
Zhang, Q3
Gao, P1
Mei, Z2
Liu, Z3
Zhu, D1
Yuan, H1
Zhao, R1
Xu, K1
Zhang, T3
Jiang, Y2
Suo, C1
Chen, X2
Moore, KBE1
Horgan, NG1
Lenters, B1
Fortin, JS2
Tan, JKS1
Wei, X1
Wong, PA1
Fang, J2
Kim, S1
Agrawal, R1
Nguépy Keubo, FR1
Mboua, PC1
Djifack Tadongfack, T1
Fokouong Tchoffo, E1
Tasson Tatang, C1
Ide Zeuna, J1
Noupoue, EM1
Tsoplifack, CB1
Folefack, GO1
Kettani, M1
Bandelier, P1
Huo, J1
Li, H4
Yu, D1
Arulsamy, N1
AlAbbad, S1
Sardot, T1
Lekashvili, O1
Decato, D1
Lelj, F1
Alexander Ross, JB1
Rosenberg, E1
Nazir, H1
Muthuswamy, N1
Louis, C1
Jose, S1
Prakash, J1
Buan, MEM1
Flox, C1
Chavan, S1
Shi, X1
Kauranen, P1
Kallio, T1
Maia, G1
Tammeveski, K1
Lymperopoulos, N1
Carcadea, E1
Veziroglu, E1
Iranzo, A1
M Kannan, A1
Arunamata, A1
Tacy, TA1
Kache, S1
Mainwaring, RD1
Ma, M1
Maeda, K1
Punn, R1
Noguchi, S1
Hahn, S3
Iwasa, Y3
Ling, J2
Voccio, JP2
Kim, Y3
Song, J3
Bascuñán, J2
Chu, Y1
Tomita, M1
Cazorla, M1
Herrera, E1
Palomeque, E1
Saud, N1
Hoplock, LB1
Lobchuk, MM1
Lemoine, J1
Henson, MA1
Unsihuay, D1
Qiu, J1
Swaroop, S1
Nagornov, KO1
Kozhinov, AN1
Tsybin, YO1
Kuang, S1
Laskin, J1
Zin, NNINM1
Mohamad, MN1
Roslan, K1
Abdul Wafi, S1
Abdul Moin, NI1
Alias, A1
Zakaria, Y1
Abu-Bakar, N1
Naveed, A1
Jilani, K1
Siddique, AB1
Akbar, M1
Riaz, M1
Mushtaq, Z1
Sikandar, M1
Ilyas, S1
Bibi, I1
Asghar, A1
Rasool, G1
Irfan, M1
Li, XY1
Zhao, S1
Fan, XH1
Chen, KP1
Hua, W1
Liu, ZM1
Xue, XD1
Zhou, B1
Zhang, S2
Xing, YL1
Chen, MA1
Sun, Y1
Neradilek, MB1
Wu, XT1
Zhang, D2
Huang, W1
Cui, Y1
Yang, QQ1
Li, HW1
Zhao, XQ1
Hossein Rashidi, B1
Tarafdari, A1
Ghazimirsaeed, ST1
Shahrokh Tehraninezhad, E1
Keikha, F1
Eslami, B1
Ghazimirsaeed, SM1
Jafarabadi, M1
Silvani, Y1
Lovita, AND1
Maharani, A1
Wiyasa, IWA1
Sujuti, H1
Ratnawati, R1
Raras, TYM1
Lemin, AS1
Rahman, MM1
Pangarah, CA1
Kiyu, A1
Zeng, C2
Du, H1
Lin, D1
Jalan, D1
Rubagumya, F1
Hopman, WM1
Vanderpuye, V1
Lopes, G1
Seruga, B1
Booth, CM1
Berry, S1
Hammad, N1
Sajo, EA1
Okunade, KS1
Olorunfemi, G1
Rabiu, KA1
Anorlu, RI1
Xu, C2
Xiang, Y1
Xu, X1
Zhou, L2
Dong, X1
Tang, S1
Gao, XC1
Wei, CH1
Zhang, RG1
Cai, Q1
He, Y1
Tong, F1
Dong, JH1
Wu, G1
Dong, XR1
Tang, X2
Tao, F1
Xiang, W1
Jin, L1
Tao, H1
Lei, Y1
Gan, H1
Huang, Y1
Chen, Y3
Chen, L3
Shan, A1
Zhao, H2
Wu, M2
Ma, Q1
Wang, J5
Zhang, E1
Li, Y7
Xue, F1
Deng, L1
Liu, L2
Yan, Z2
Wang, Y4
Meng, J1
Chen, G2
Anastassiadou, M1
Bernasconi, G1
Brancato, A1
Carrasco Cabrera, L1
Greco, L1
Jarrah, S1
Kazocina, A1
Leuschner, R1
Magrans, JO1
Miron, I1
Nave, S1
Pedersen, R1
Reich, H1
Rojas, A1
Sacchi, A1
Santos, M1
Theobald, A1
Vagenende, B1
Verani, A1
Du, L1
Liu, X1
Ren, Y1
Li, J7
Li, P1
Jiao, Q1
Meng, P1
Wang, F2
Wang, YS1
Wang, C3
Zhou, X2
Wang, W1
Wang, S3
Hou, J1
Zhang, A1
Lv, B1
Gao, C1
Pang, D1
Lu, K1
Ahmad, NH1
Wang, L2
Zhu, J2
Zhang, L3
Zhuang, T1
Tu, J1
Zhao, Z1
Qu, Y1
Yao, H1
Lee, DF1
Shen, J4
Wen, L1
Huang, G2
Xie, X1
Zhao, Q1
Hu, W1
Zhang, Y4
Wu, X1
Lu, J2
Li, M1
Li, W2
Wu, W1
Du, F1
Ji, H1
Xu, Z1
Wan, L1
Wen, Q1
Cho, CH1
Zou, C1
Xiao, Z1
Liao, J1
Su, X1
Bi, Z1
Su, Q1
Huang, H1
Gao, Y3
Na, KJ1
Choi, H1
Oh, HR1
Kim, YH1
Lee, SB1
Jung, YJ1
Koh, J1
Park, S1
Lee, HJ1
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Federici, G2
Milani, M2
Bukhari, SA1
Javed, S1
Ali, M1
Shahzadi, A1
Rehman, M1
Kantsadi, AL1
Parmenopoulou, V1
Bakalov, DN1
Snelgrove, L1
Stravodimos, GA1
Chatzileontiadou, DS1
Manta, S1
Panagiotopoulou, A1
Hayes, JM1
Komiotis, D1
Leonidas, DD1
Liu, B1
Hu, H1
Yuan, J1
Yao, P1
Wei, S1
Liang, Y1
Miao, X1
Guo, H1
He, M1
Ene, CD1
Penescu, M1
Anghel, A1
Neagu, M1
Budu, V1
Nicolae, I1
Benoit-Biancamano, MO1
C-Gaudreault, R1
Lima-Aragão, MV1
de Oliveira-Junior, Jde J1
Maciel, MC1
Silva, LA1
do Nascimento, FR1
Guerra, RN1
Antwi-Bafour, S1
Hammond, S1
Adjei, JK1
Kyeremeh, R1
Martin-Odoom, A1
Ekem, I1
Davidson, MD1
Ballinger, KR1
Khetani, SR1
Comar, JF1
de Oliveira, DS1
Bracht, L1
Kemmelmeier, FS1
Peralta, RM1
Bracht, A1
Ong, CN1
Subramaniam, T1
Choi, HW1
Yuan, JM1
Koh, WP1
Pan, A1
Refaat, R1
Sakr, A1
Salama, M1
El Sarha, A1
Allison, SJ1
Saxena, S1
Ruia, S1
Prasad, S1
Jain, A1
Mishra, N1
Natu, SM1
Meyer, CH1
Gilhotra, JS1
Kruzliak, P1
Akduman, L1
Abe, M1
Okada, K1
Maruyama, T1
Inoshita, A1
Ikeda, K1
Uto, E1
Kikuchi, F1
Matsumoto, K1
Thomson, SA1
Banker, P1
Bickett, DM1
Boucheron, JA1
Carter, HL1
Clancy, DC1
Cooper, JP1
Dickerson, SH1
Garrido, DM1
Nolte, RT1
Peat, AJ1
Sheckler, LR1
Sparks, SM1
Tavares, FX1
Wang, TY1
Weiel, JE1
McNamara, NV1
Chen, R1
Janu, MR1
Bwititi, P1
Car, G1
Seibel, M1
Azadbakht, L2
Esmaillzadeh, A1
Sidharta, PN2
Rave, K1
Heinemann, L1
Chiossi, E1
Krähenbühl, S2
Dingemanse, J3
Wu, GZ1
Hong, G1
Zhang, WP1
Zhang, HB1
Sobngwi, E1
Enoru, S1
Ashuntantang, G1
Azabji-Kenfack, M1
Dehayem, M1
Onana, A1
Biwole, D1
Kaze, F1
Gautier, JF1
Mbanya, JC1
Vogt, L1
Chiurchiu, C1
Chadha-Boreham, H2
Danaietash, P1
Hadjadj, S1
Krum, H1
Navis, G1
Neuhart, E1
Parvanova, AI1
Ruggenenti, P1
Woittiez, AJ1
Zimlichman, R1
Remuzzi, G1
de Zeeuw, D1
Maalouf, NM1
Cameron, MA1
Moe, OW1
Sakhaee, K1
Ekberg, NR1
Brismar, K1
Malmstedt, J1
Hedblad, MA1
Adamson, U1
Ungerstedt, U1
Wisniewski, N1
Zhang, LN1
Vincelette, J1
Gless, RD1
Anandan, SK1
Rubanyi, GM1
Webb, HK1
MacIntyre, DE1
Wang, YX1
Gannon, MC1
Nuttall, FQ1
Xu, J1
Wei, WB1
Yuan, MX1
Yuan, SY1
Wan, G1
Zheng, YY1
Li, YB1
Xu, L1
Fu, HJ1
Zhu, LX1
Pu, XL1
Zhang, JD1
Du, XP1
Li, YL1
Ji, Y1
Gu, XN1
Pan, SF1
Cui, XL1
Bai, W1
Chen, YJ1
Wang, ZM1
Zhu, QS1
Liu, DY1
Ji, YT1
Yang, Z1
Jonas, JB1
Shahid, SM1
Nawab, SN1
Shaikh, R1
Mahboob, T1
Ning, M1
Zou, Q1
Leng, Y1
Fleseriu, M1
Biller, BM1
Findling, JW1
Molitch, ME1
Schteingart, DE1
Gross, C1
Hussain, TA1
Mathew, TC1
Dashti, AA1
Asfar, S1
Al-Zaid, N1
Dashti, HM1
Guglielmino, K1
Jackson, K1
Vu, V1
Dutrow, G1
Evans, JE1
Graham, J1
Cummings, BP1
Havel, PJ1
Viswanathan, V1
Tilak, P1
Kumpatla, S1
Salako, BL1
Finomo, FO1
Kadiri, S1
Arije, A1
Olatosin, AO1
Meshcheriakova, VA1
Plotnikova, OA1
Sharafetdinov, KhKh1
Iatsyshina, TA1
Harmankaya, O1
Seber, S1
Yilmaz, M1
Shakerhosseini, R1
Atabak, S1
Jamshidian, M1
Mehrabi, Y1
Esmaill-Zadeh, A1
Geissler, A1
Fründ, R1
Schölmerich, J1
Feuerbach, S1
Zietz, B1
Kim, NH1
Kim, KB1
Kim, DL1
Kim, SG1
Choi, KM1
Baik, SH1
Choi, DS1
Kang, YS1
Han, SY1
Han, KH1
Ji, YH1
Cha, DR1
Melano, E1
Rodriguez, HL1
Carrillo, R1
Dillon, L1
Kiran, M1
Arpak, N1
Unsal, E1
Erdoğan, MF1
Klabunde, T1
Wendt, KU1
Kadereit, D1
Brachvogel, V1
Burger, HJ1
Herling, AW1
Oikonomakos, NG1
Kosmopoulou, MN1
Schmoll, D1
Sarubbi, E1
von Roedern, E1
Schönafinger, K1
Defossa, E1
Gadzama, AA1
Mshelia, DS1
Nyandaiti, Y1
Wagner, FD1
Bohnemeier, H1
Jungnik, A1
Halabi, A1
Cyganek, K1
Mirkiewicz-Sieradzka, B1
Malecki, MT1
Wolkow, P1
Skupien, J1
Bobrek, J1
Czogala, M1
Klupa, T1
Sieradzki, J1
Torres-Rodríguez, JM1
Sellart-Altisent, M1
Silove, M1
Cameron-Clarke, A1
Manchester, KL1
Patel, JC2
Sawant, MS2
Almdal, TP1
Jensen, T1
Vilstrup, H1
Silveiro, SP1
Friedman, R1
Gross, JL1
Lin, JJ1
Wadhwa, NK1
Suh, H1
Cabralda, T1
Perfetto, F1
Tarquini, R1
de Leonardis, V1
Piluso, A1
Lombardi, V1
Tarquini, B1
Yoshioka, M1
Kayo, T1
Ikeda, T1
Koizumi, A1
Ragoobirsingh, D1
Bennett, F1
Morrison, EY1
Nguyen, HT1
Shannon, AG1
Coates, PA1
Owens, DR1
Spira, A1
Gowrishankar, M1
Halperin, ML1
Chattington, PD1
Anderson, JV1
Rees, LH1
Leese, GP1
Peters, JR1
Vora, JP1
Pijls, LT2
de Vries, H2
Donker, AJ2
van Eijk, JT2
Amyot, SL1
Leblanc, M1
Thibeault, Y1
Geadah, D1
Cardinal, J1
Gougeon, R1
Styhler, K1
Morais, JA1
Jones, PJ1
Marliss, EB1
Daniele, SM1
Arriaga, S1
Martínez, SM1
Tarrés, MC1
Montenegro, SM1
D'Ottavio, AE1
Hisano, N1
Picena, JC1
Morisoli, L1
Haluzik, M1
Sulková, S1
Svobodová, J1
Bedárová, V1
Bodláková, B1
Marková, M1
Turková, G1
Jiskra, J1
Haas, T1
Amin, BM1
Marchesini, G1
Zaccheroni, V1
Brizi, M1
Natale, S1
Forlani, G1
Bianchi, G1
Baraldi, L1
Melchionda, N1
Doorenbos, CJ1
Bosma, RJ1
Lamberts, PJ1
Weisshaar, E1
Bonnekoh, B1
Franke, I1
Gollnick, H1
Haynes, AC1
Chapman, H1
Taylor, C1
Moore, GB1
Cawthorne, MA1
Tadayyon, M1
Clapham, JC1
Arch, JR1
Wolever, TM1
Jenkins, DJ1
Vuksan, V1
Jenkins, AL1
Buckley, GC1
Wong, GS1
Josse, RG1
Válek, J1
Vlasáková, Z1
Pelikánová, J1
Karasová, I1
Jirkovská, A1
Grafnetter, D1
Ishihara, M1
Shinoda, T1
Yamada, T1

Clinical Trials (9)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
The Effect of Whey Protein and Dietary Fibers on Risk Markers of the Metabolic Syndrome and Bone Health[NCT02931630]72 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-05-31Completed
Functional Impact of GLP-1 for Heart Failure Treatment[NCT01800968]Phase 2300 participants (Actual)Interventional2013-04-30Completed
2895 Effect of a High Protein Diet on the 24-hr Profile of Ghrelin, GH and IGF-1[NCT00108225]8 participants (Actual)Interventional2004-07-31Completed
An Open-label Study of the Efficacy and Safety of CORLUX (Mifepristone) in the Treatment of the Signs and Symptoms of Endogenous Cushing's Syndrome[NCT00569582]Phase 350 participants (Actual)Interventional2007-12-31Completed
Mifepristone Treatment for Breast Cancer Patients Expressing Levels of Progesterone Receptor Isoform A (PRA) Higher Than Those of Isoform B (PRB): Neoadjuvant Therapy.[NCT02651844]20 participants (Actual)Interventional2016-04-30Completed
Treatment of Pituitary Cushing Disease With a Selective CDK Inhibitor, R-roscovitine[NCT02160730]Phase 24 participants (Actual)Interventional2014-05-31Terminated (stopped due to NIH grant ended.)
Dietary Intervention in Type-2 Diabetics and Pre-Diabetics Emphasizing Personalized Carbohydrate Intake[NCT02519309]465 participants (Actual)Interventional2015-08-31Completed
A Pilot Study Evaluating a Ketogenic Diet Concomitant to Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma[NCT05119010]60 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2023-03-24Recruiting
Impact of Combined Non-surgical and Surgical Periodontal Treatment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus[NCT02874963]160 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2015-11-30Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Change in 6 Minute Walk Distance

Change in 6 minute walk distance baseline to 180 days. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 180 days

Interventionmeters (Mean)
Liraglutide55.7
Placebo55.3

Change in 6 Minute Walk Distance

Change in 6 minute walk distance baseline to 90 days. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 90 days

Interventionmeters (Mean)
Liraglutide56.8
Placebo38.7

Change in 6 Minute Walk Distance

Change in 6 minute walk distance baseline to day 30 (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to day 30

Interventionmeters (Mean)
Liraglutide50.4
Placebo37.3

Change in Clinical Summary Score Using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ)

Change in clinical summary score using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) baseline to 30 days. The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire is a 23-item, self-administered instrument that quantifies physical function, symptoms (frequency, severity and recent change), social function, self-efficacy and knowledge, and quality of life.In the KCCQ, an overall summary score can be derived from the physical function, symptom (frequency and severity), social function and quality of life domains. For each domain, the validity, reproducibility, responsiveness and interpretability have been independently established. Each question is answered by the subject on a 6 point scale (Extremely limited, quite a bit limited, moderately limited, slightly limited, not at all limited, Limited for other reasons or did not do this activity).Scores are transformed to a range of 0-100, in which higher scores reflect better health status. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 30 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Liraglutide14.69
Placebo14.44

Change in Clinical Summary Score Using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ)

Change in clinical summary score using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) baseline to 90 days.The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire is a 23-item, self-administered instrument that quantifies physical function, symptoms (frequency, severity and recent change), social function, self-efficacy and knowledge, and quality of life.In the KCCQ, an overall summary score can be derived from the physical function, symptom (frequency and severity), social function and quality of life domains. For each domain, the validity, reproducibility, responsiveness and interpretability have been independently established. Each question is answered by the subject on a 6 point scale (Extremely limited, quite a bit limited, moderately limited, slightly limited, not at all limited, Limited for other reasons or did not do this activity).Scores are transformed to a range of 0-100, in which higher scores reflect better health status. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 90 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Liraglutide13.86
Placebo11.72

Change in Clinical Summary Score Using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ)

Change in clinical summary score using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) from baseline to day 180.The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire is a 23-item, self-administered instrument that quantifies physical function, symptoms (frequency, severity and recent change), social function, self-efficacy and knowledge, and quality of life.In the KCCQ, an overall summary score can be derived from the physical function, symptom (frequency and severity), social function and quality of life domains. For each domain, the validity, reproducibility, responsiveness and interpretability have been independently established. Each question is answered by the subject on a 6 point scale (Extremely limited, quite a bit limited, moderately limited, slightly limited, not at all limited, Limited for other reasons or did not do this activity).Scores are transformed to a range of 0-100, in which higher scores reflect better health status. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to day 180

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Liraglutide13.79
Placebo13.14

Change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Overall Summary Score

Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) change in overall summary score baseline to 30 days.The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire is a 23-item, self-administered instrument that quantifies physical function, symptoms (frequency, severity and recent change), social function, self-efficacy and knowledge, and quality of life.In the KCCQ, an overall summary score can be derived from the physical function, symptom (frequency and severity), social function and quality of life domains. For each domain, the validity, reproducibility, responsiveness and interpretability have been independently established. Each question is answered by the subject on a 6 point scale (Extremely limited, quite a bit limited, moderately limited, slightly limited, not at all limited, Limited for other reasons or did not do this activity).Scores are transformed to a range of 0-100, in which higher scores reflect better health status. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 30 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Liraglutide12.98
Placebo14.01

Change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Overall Summary Score

Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) change in overall summary score baseline to 90 days.The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire is a 23-item, self-administered instrument that quantifies physical function, symptoms (frequency, severity and recent change), social function, self-efficacy and knowledge, and quality of life.In the KCCQ, an overall summary score can be derived from the physical function, symptom (frequency and severity), social function and quality of life domains. For each domain, the validity, reproducibility, responsiveness and interpretability have been independently established. Each question is answered by the subject on a 6 point scale (Extremely limited, quite a bit limited, moderately limited, slightly limited, not at all limited, Limited for other reasons or did not do this activity).Scores are transformed to a range of 0-100, in which higher scores reflect better health status. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 90 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Liraglutide14.17
Placebo10.62

Change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) Overall Summary Score.

Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) change in overall summary score baseline to 180 days.The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire is a 23-item, self-administered instrument that quantifies physical function, symptoms (frequency, severity and recent change), social function, self-efficacy and knowledge, and quality of life.In the KCCQ, an overall summary score can be derived from the physical function, symptom (frequency and severity), social function and quality of life domains. For each domain, the validity, reproducibility, responsiveness and interpretability have been independently established. Each question is answered by the subject on a 6 point scale (Extremely limited, quite a bit limited, moderately limited, slightly limited, not at all limited, Limited for other reasons or did not do this activity).Scores are transformed to a range of 0-100, in which higher scores reflect better health status. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 180 days

Interventionunits on a scale (Mean)
Liraglutide13.44
Placebo13.25

Change in Lateral Filling Pressure

Change in lateral filling pressure baseline to day 180. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 180 days

Interventionm/sec (Mean)
Liraglutide-0.05
Placebo0.39

Change in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Change in left ventricular ejection fraction from baseline to day 180 (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 180 days

Interventionpercent (Mean)
Liraglutide1.07
Placebo1.37

Change in Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume Index

Change in Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume Index from baseline to 180 days. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 180 days

Interventionml per meter squared (Mean)
Liraglutide3.37
Placebo-2.91

Change in Left Ventricular End-systolic Volume Index

Change in left ventricular end-systolic volume index from baseline to day 180. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 180 days

Interventionml per meter squared (Mean)
Liraglutide1.16
Placebo-3.47

Change in Medial Filling Pressure

Change in medial filling pressure baseline to day 180. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 180 days

Interventionm/sec (Mean)
Liraglutide1.12
Placebo0.25

Global Ranking of Predefined Events

A rank score based on time to death, time to adjudicated heart failure hospitalization, and time-averaged proportional change in NTproBNP through d180. For patients that died, the patient with the shortest time from randomization to death is assigned rank 1, the second shortest time is assigned rank 2, etc. The patient with the longest time from randomization to death is assigned rank X. For patients that did not die but had a heart failure hospitalization, the patient with the shortest time from randomization to re-admission is assigned rank X+1 and the patient with the longest time from randomization to heart failure hospitalization is assigned rank Y. For patients that did not die or have a heart failure hospitalization, increases in time-averaged proportional change in NTproBNP indicate a worse result and the largest increase is assigned rank Y+1. The patient with the largest decrease is assigned rank N, where N is the sample size. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Randomization to 180 days

Interventionrank (Mean)
Liraglutide145.5
Placebo155.7

Global Ranking of Predefined Events

A rank score based on time to death, time to adjudicated heart failure hospitalization, time to emergency department visit and time-averaged proportional change in NTproBNP through d180. See Outcome Measure 1 for a general description of the outcome derivation. (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 180 days

Interventionrank (Mean)
Liraglutide144.29
Placebo157.05

Individual Component of the Primary Endpoint- Heart Failure Hospitalization

Individual component of the primary endpoint- Heart Failure hospitalization from randomization to 180 days (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Randomization to 180 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Liraglutide63
Placebo50

Individual Component of the Primary Endpoint- Mortality

Individual component of the primary endpoint of mortality at 180 days after randomization (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Randomization to 180 days

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Liraglutide19
Placebo16

Individual Component of the Primary Endpoint- Time-averaged Proportional Change in NT-proBNP

Individual component of the primary endpoint- time-averaged proportional change in NT-proBNP from baseline to 180 days (NCT01800968)
Timeframe: Baseline to 180 days

Interventionweighted average of ratio to baseline (Mean)
Liraglutide335.81
Placebo317

Decrease in Diastolic Blood Pressure.

Responder is defined as subject with a decrease greater than or equal to 5mm Hg in diastolic blood pressure from baseline to week 24 or last visit. (NCT00569582)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Mifepristone8

Improvement in Diabetes and/or Glucose Intolerance.

Responder is defined as subject with a decrease greater than or equal to 25% in area under the curve for glucose on 2-hour oral glucose test from baseline to week 24 or last visit, for Cushing's patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus/impaired glucose tolerance. (NCT00569582)
Timeframe: Baseline to Week 24

Interventionparticipants (Number)
Mifepristone15

Number of Participants That Experience Changes in Clinical Signs of Hypercortisolemia

The number of participants that achieved a urinary free cortisol level above the upper limit of the normal range but reduced by ≥50% from baseline at week 4. (NCT02160730)
Timeframe: Baseline, Week 4

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
R-roscovitine2

Number of Participants That Have a Visible Change in Tumor Size

A visible change in tumor size as determined by the investigator after reviewing MRI reports between baseline and 4 weeks of treatment. (NCT02160730)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
R-roscovitine0

Number of Participants With a Normalized 24 Hour Urinary Free Cortisol After 4 Weeks

"To evaluate the efficacy of R-roscovitine 400 mg oral administration twice daily for 4 days every week for total of 4 weeks on normalizing 24 hour urinary free cortisol (24 h UFC) levels in CD patients. Normalizing is defined as having urine free cortisol levels within the normal range for that lab value." (NCT02160730)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
R-roscovitine0

Number of Participants With Adverse Events

The number of participants that experience an adverse event between baseline and study end likely related to study drug as a measure of safety and tolerability. (NCT02160730)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

InterventionParticipants (Count of Participants)
R-roscovitine2

Change in Clinical Symptoms

Change in typical Cushing's syndrome clinical signs and symptoms defined by mean weight at baseline and 4 weeks. (NCT02160730)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionlbs (Mean)
Baseline4 Weeks
R-roscovitine217217.4

Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure

Mean diastolic blood pressure between baseline and 4 weeks. (NCT02160730)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Baseline4 Weeks
R-roscovitine76.571

Change in Mean HbA1c Levels Between Baseline and 4 Weeks

HbA1c levels are measured at baseline and at study end, these are averaged across all subjects. (NCT02160730)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 Weeks

InterventionPercentage (Mean)
BaselineStudy End-4 weeks
R-roscovitine6.97

Change in Systolic Blood Pressure

Mean change in systolic blood pressure between baseline and 4 weeks. (NCT02160730)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

InterventionmmHg (Mean)
Baseline4 weeks
R-roscovitine150.3128.3

Changes in Serum Cortisol Between Baseline and 4 Weeks

Mean serum cortisol values at baseline and 4 weeks (NCT02160730)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionmg/dL (Mean)
Baseline4 Weeks
R-roscovitine25.627.1

Fasting Glucose at Baseline and 4 Weeks

Mean change between baseline and week 4 of fasting blood glucose levels. (NCT02160730)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 Weeks

Interventiong/dL (Mean)
Baseline4 weeks
R-roscovitine121.4104.3

Plasma ACTH at Baseline and 4 Weeks

Mean change in Plasma ACTH between baseline and 4 weeks. (NCT02160730)
Timeframe: Baseline, 4 weeks

Interventionpg/mL (Mean)
Baseline4 weeks
R-roscovitine79.379.9

Reviews

3 reviews available for urea and Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset

ArticleYear
Long-term efficacy of empagliflozin as an add-on treatment for chronic SIAD: a case report and literature review.
    Hormones (Athens, Greece), 2023, Volume: 22, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyponatremia; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome; Male; Sodium; Ure

2023
Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three COVID-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors.
    Annales medico-psychologiques, 2021, Volume: 179, Issue:2

    Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acryli

2021
Lorcaserin and pimavanserin: emerging selectivity of serotonin receptor subtype-targeted drugs.
    The Journal of clinical investigation, 2013, Volume: 123, Issue:12

    Topics: Benzazepines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Molecular Structure; Obesity;

2013

Trials

27 trials available for urea and Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset

ArticleYear
The Effects of 12-Weeks Whey Protein Supplements on Markers of Bone Turnover in Adults With Abdominal Obesity - A
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13

    Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Bone Remodeling; Calcium; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Insul

2022
Plasma metabolites associated with functional and clinical outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with and without type 2 diabetes.
    Scientific reports, 2022, 06-02, Volume: 12, Issue:1

    Topics: Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Failure; Humans; Liraglutide; Stroke Volume; Urea

2022
The effect of a 6-month walking program on biochemical parameters in sedentary adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Nagoya journal of medical science, 2022, Volume: 84, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Prot

2022
Psychological distress among health care professionals of the three COVID-19 most affected Regions in Cameroon: Prevalence and associated factors.
    Annales medico-psychologiques, 2021, Volume: 179, Issue:2

    Topics: 3' Untranslated Regions; 5'-Nucleotidase; A549 Cells; Accidental Falls; Acetylcholinesterase; Acryli

2021
The effect of trimetazidine treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for AMI.
    The American journal of emergency medicine, 2017, Volume: 35, Issue:11

    Topics: Adenosine; Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Aspirin; Blood Glucose; Cardiac

2017
Use of a urea, arginine and carnosine cream versus a standard emollient glycerol cream for treatment of severe xerosis of the feet in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, 8 month, assessor-blinded, controlled trial.
    Current medical research and opinion, 2015, Volume: 31, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Aged; Arginine; Carnosine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Emollients; Female;

2015
Clinical evaluation of plasma insulin and C-peptide levels with 3 different high-flux dialyzers in diabetic patients on hemodialysis.
    The International journal of artificial organs, 2008, Volume: 31, Issue:10

    Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cellulose; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diab

2008
Soy-protein consumption and kidney-related biomarkers among type 2 diabetics: a crossover, randomized clinical trial.
    Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diet; Dieta

2009
Effect of the urotensin-II receptor antagonist palosuran on secretion of and sensitivity to insulin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2009, Volume: 68, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Clamp Te

2009
Day-to-day variation of insulin requirements of patients with type 2 diabetes and end-stage renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.
    Diabetes care, 2010, Volume: 33, Issue:7

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relat

2010
Effect of the urotensin receptor antagonist palosuran in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
    Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2010, Volume: 55, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuminuria; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; D

2010
Metabolic basis for low urine pH in type 2 diabetes.
    Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2010, Volume: 5, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Buffers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic

2010
Effect of a high-protein diet on ghrelin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor-I and binding proteins 1 and 3 in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2011, Volume: 60, Issue:9

    Topics: Aged; Body Weight; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Proteins; Ghre

2011
Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012, Volume: 97, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Cushin

2012
Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012, Volume: 97, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Cushin

2012
Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012, Volume: 97, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Cushin

2012
Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012, Volume: 97, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Cushin

2012
Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012, Volume: 97, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Cushin

2012
Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012, Volume: 97, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Cushin

2012
Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012, Volume: 97, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Cushin

2012
Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012, Volume: 97, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Cushin

2012
Mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, produces clinical and metabolic benefits in patients with Cushing's syndrome.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012, Volume: 97, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Cushin

2012
Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes.
    Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2012, Volume: 28, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Caloric Restriction; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D

2012
Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes.
    Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2012, Volume: 28, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Caloric Restriction; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D

2012
Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes.
    Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2012, Volume: 28, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Caloric Restriction; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D

2012
Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes.
    Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2012, Volume: 28, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Caloric Restriction; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; D

2012
An urea, arginine and carnosine based cream (Ureadin Rx Db ISDIN) shows greater efficacy in the treatment of severe xerosis of the feet in Type 2 diabetic patients in comparison with glycerol-based emollient cream. A randomized, assessor-blinded, controll
    BMC dermatology, 2012, Sep-25, Volume: 12

    Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Arginine; Carnosine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Foot;

2012
Comparative effect of lisinopril and lacidipine on urinary albumin excretion in patients with type 11 diabetic nephropathy.
    African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 2002, Volume: 31, Issue:1

    Topics: Albuminuria; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Glucose; Blood

2002
[The use of the combined food products with soy protein in diet therapy for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2].
    Voprosy pitaniia, 2002, Volume: 71, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Creatinine; Diab

2002
Combination of pentoxifylline with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors produces an additional reduction in microalbuminuria in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients.
    Renal failure, 2003, Volume: 25, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Albumins; Albuminuria; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; C

2003
Beneficiary effect of dietary soy protein on lowering plasma levels of lipid and improving kidney function in type II diabetes with nephropathy.
    European journal of clinical nutrition, 2003, Volume: 57, Issue:10

    Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephro

2003
The effect of improved periodontal health on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Journal of clinical periodontology, 2005, Volume: 32, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dental Plaque Index; De

2005
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the urotensin II receptor antagonist palosuran in macroalbuminuric, diabetic patients.
    Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2006, Volume: 80, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

2006
Control of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus partially normalizes the increase in hepatic efficacy for urea synthesis.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1994, Volume: 43, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine; Body Water; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobi

1994
Atrial natriuretic peptide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: response to a physiological mixed meal and relationship to renal function.
    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 1998, Volume: 15, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabete

1998
Adherence to protein restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized trial.
    European journal of clinical nutrition, 2000, Volume: 54, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Proteins; Female; Humans; Line

2000
Levels of lactic acid, normal level & its relation to food, glucose, cholesterol, raised blood urea and phenformin therapy.
    Indian journal of medical sciences, 2000, Volume: 54, Issue:1

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperglycemia; India; Lactic

2000
Systemic prostaglandin E1 infusion and hepatic aminonitrogen to urea nitrogen conversion in patients with type 2 diabetes in poor metabolic control.
    Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2001, Volume: 50, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Alanine; Alprostadil; Anthropometry; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucagon; Human

2001

Other Studies

83 other studies available for urea and Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset

ArticleYear
Urinary IgG, serum CX3CL1 and miRNA-152-3p: as predictors of nephropathy in Egyptian type 2 diabetic patients.
    Tissue barriers, 2022, 07-03, Volume: 10, Issue:3

    Topics: Albumins; Chemokine CX3CL1; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic

2022
Discovery of DS68702229 as a Potent, Orally Available NAMPT (Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase) Activator.
    Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 2021, Volume: 69, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Mice, Obese; NAD

2021
Clinical profiling and screening for HNF4α and GCK gene mutations in Kashmiri patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY).
    Primary care diabetes, 2022, Volume: 16, Issue:2

    Topics: Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucokinase; Glycated He

2022
In silico studies of the human IAPP in the presence of osmolytes.
    Journal of molecular modeling, 2022, Jun-14, Volume: 28, Issue:7

    Topics: Amyloid; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; Protein Structure, Secondary;

2022
Age, Pulse, Urea, and Albumin Score: A Tool for Predicting the Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients With Diabetes.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13

    Topics: Albumins; Community-Acquired Infections; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Pneumonia; Retrospective

2022
LPD significantly reduces urinary urea and HbA1c in diabetic nephropathy?
    Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2022, Volume: 192

    Topics: Albuminuria; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glycated Hemogl

2022
Prevalence and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy among Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes in a suburb of Shanghai, China.
    PloS one, 2022, Volume: 17, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Albumins; Blood Glucose; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dia

2022
Ultrasonography Combined with Blood Biochemistry on the Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Kidney Disease.
    Disease markers, 2022, Volume: 2022

    Topics: Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Kidney; Ultr

2022
Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13

    Topics: Adult; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans;

2022
Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13

    Topics: Adult; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans;

2022
Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13

    Topics: Adult; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans;

2022
Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13

    Topics: Adult; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans;

2022
Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13

    Topics: Adult; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans;

2022
Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13

    Topics: Adult; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans;

2022
Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13

    Topics: Adult; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans;

2022
Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13

    Topics: Adult; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans;

2022
Associations between urea nitrogen and risk of depression among subjects with and without type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2022, Volume: 13

    Topics: Adult; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans;

2022
The association between time in the glucose target range and abnormal ankle-brachial index: a cross-sectional analysis.
    Cardiovascular diabetology, 2022, 12-13, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Ankle Brachial Index; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabete

2022
The association between time in the glucose target range and abnormal ankle-brachial index: a cross-sectional analysis.
    Cardiovascular diabetology, 2022, 12-13, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Ankle Brachial Index; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabete

2022
The association between time in the glucose target range and abnormal ankle-brachial index: a cross-sectional analysis.
    Cardiovascular diabetology, 2022, 12-13, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Ankle Brachial Index; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabete

2022
The association between time in the glucose target range and abnormal ankle-brachial index: a cross-sectional analysis.
    Cardiovascular diabetology, 2022, 12-13, Volume: 21, Issue:1

    Topics: Ankle Brachial Index; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabete

2022
Use of Saliva to Assess the Adherence to Treatment with Oral Hypoglycemic Agents in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
    Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2023, Volume: 23, Issue:8

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemi

2023
Effects of Dietary Sodium and Protein Intake on Glomerular Filtration Rate in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors.
    Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2023, Volume: 131, Issue:5

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucose; Humans; Sodium; Sodium Chloride, Die

2023
Associations of serum amino acids related to urea cycle with risk of chronic kidney disease in Chinese with type 2 diabetes.
    Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023, Volume: 14

    Topics: Arginine; Citrulline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Female; Humans; Male; Ornithine;

2023
Association between serum urea concentrations and the risk of colorectal cancer, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A cohort study.
    International journal of cancer, 2024, Jan-15, Volume: 154, Issue:2

    Topics: Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Risk Factors; Urea

2024
Diabetes mellitus drug discovery: insights into targeting feline and human amylin with small molecules.
    The veterinary quarterly, 2023, Volume: 43, Issue:1

    Topics: Amyloid; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Islet Amyloid Polypeptide;

2023
Altered red blood cell deformability-A novel hypothesis for retinal microangiopathy in diabetic retinopathy.
    Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994), 2020, Volume: 27, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dia

2020
Oxidative stress as a potential mechanism by which guanylurea disrupts the embryogenesis of Danio rerio.
    The Science of the total environment, 2021, Dec-10, Volume: 799

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Embryonic Development; Guanidine; Oxidativ

2021
Quantification of sweat urea in diabetes using electro-optical technique.
    Physiological measurement, 2021, 09-27, Volume: 42, Issue:9

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Sweat; Urea; Water

2021
Kyrle's disease: a cutaneous manifestation of diabetes mellitus.
    BMJ case reports, 2017, Nov-01, Volume: 2017

    Topics: Antipruritics; Biopsy; Darier Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; H

2017
Influence of C-reactive protein on the occurrence and assessing of albuminuria severity in diabetics.
    Medicinski glasnik : official publication of the Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2018, Feb-01, Volume: 15, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albuminuria; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Creatini

2018
Protective Effect of
    Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2018, Volume: 2018

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies;

2018
Effect of microalbuminuria on macular thickness in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
    European journal of ophthalmology, 2020, Volume: 30, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuminuria; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Female; Fovea

2020
Discovery of ((1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-3-yl)ureidyl derivatives as selective non-steroidal agonists of the G-protein coupled bile acid receptor-1.
    Scientific reports, 2019, 02-21, Volume: 9, Issue:1

    Topics: Bile; Bile Acids and Salts; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Ligands; Non-alcoholic

2019
Salivary Profile in Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Case-control Study.
    JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2019, Volume: 69, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Calcium; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hem

2019
Impact of the acute local inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase on diabetic skin microcirculatory dysfunction.
    Diabetes & vascular disease research, 2019, Volume: 16, Issue:6

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Benzoates; Blood Flow Velocity; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabe

2019
Severe hypernatremia from a urea-induced diuresis due to body protein wasting in an insulin-resistant type 2 diabetic patient.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2013, Volume: 98, Issue:5

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuresis; Electrolytes; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hypernatremia; Hypertens

2013
Cosolvent effects on the fibrillation reaction of human IAPP.
    Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP, 2013, Jun-21, Volume: 15, Issue:23

    Topics: Amyloid; Betaine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; Methylamines; Protei

2013
Influence of coffee brew in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
    Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2013, Volume: 68, Issue:2

    Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol,

2013
Increased erythrocytes by-products of arginine catabolism are associated with hyperglycemia and could be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    PloS one, 2013, Volume: 8, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Arginine; Blood Glucose; Carbon Isotopes; Case-Control Studies; Citrulline; Diabetes Me

2013
Hyperglycaemia during exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
    The clinical respiratory journal, 2013, Volume: 7, Issue:4

    Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asthma; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Comorbidity; Diab

2013
The role of genetic factors and kidney and liver function in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients on long-term metformin and sulphonylurea cotreatment.
    BioMed research international, 2014, Volume: 2014

    Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Female; Genotype; Glycated Hemogl

2014
Perifornical hypothalamic orexin and serotonin modulate the counterregulatory response to hypoglycemic and glucoprivic stimuli.
    Diabetes, 2015, Volume: 64, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Benzoxazoles; Blood Glucose; Cells, Cultured; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabet

2015
Cardioprotection by controlling hyperamylinemia in a "humanized" diabetic rat model.
    Journal of the American Heart Association, 2014, Aug-21, Volume: 3, Issue:4

    Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Animals, Genetically Modified; Calcium; Cardiomegaly; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

2014
Serum haematological and biochemical indices of oxidative stress and their relationship with DNA damage and homocysteine in Pakistani type II diabetic patients.
    Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2015, Volume: 28, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Sedimentation; Case-Cont

2015
Glycogen phosphorylase as a target for type 2 diabetes: synthetic, biochemical, structural and computational evaluation of novel N-acyl-N´-(β-D-glucopyranosyl) urea inhibitors.
    Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2015, Volume: 15, Issue:23

    Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Computational Biology; Crystallography, X-Ray; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ

2015
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with type 2 diabetes among a middle- and old-age Chinese population.
    Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 2016, Volume: 32, Issue:1

    Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Breath Tests; Carbon Radioisotopes; China; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studie

2016
Monitoring Diabetic Nephropathy by Circulating Gangliosides.
    Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry, 2016, Volume: 37, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, T

2016
Discovery of ethyl urea derivatives as inhibitors of islet amyloid polypeptide fibrillization and cytotoxicity.
    Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2016, Volume: 94, Issue:3

    Topics: Amyloid; Amyloidosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Islet Amyloid Polypeptide; Islets of Langer

2016
Salivary profile in diabetic patients: biochemical and immunological evaluation.
    BMC research notes, 2016, Feb-16, Volume: 9

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amylases; Antibodies, Bacterial; Calcium; Case-Control S

2016
A case-control study of prevalence of anemia among patients with type 2 diabetes.
    Journal of medical case reports, 2016, May-04, Volume: 10, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia; Blood Glucose; Calcium; Case-Control Studies; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty

2016
Long-term exposure to abnormal glucose levels alters drug metabolism pathways and insulin sensitivity in primary human hepatocytes.
    Scientific reports, 2016, 06-17, Volume: 6

    Topics: 3T3 Cells; Albumins; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Coculture Techniques; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A

2016
The Metabolic Responses to L-Glutamine of Livers from Rats with Diabetes Types 1 and 2.
    PloS one, 2016, Volume: 11, Issue:8

    Topics: Alanine; Ammonia; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Gl

2016
Metabolic signatures and risk of type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population: an untargeted metabolomics study using both LC-MS and GC-MS.
    Diabetologia, 2016, Volume: 59, Issue:11

    Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Asian People; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Chromatography, Liqu

2016
Combination of Vildagliptin and Pioglitazone in Experimental Type 2 Diabetes in Male Rats.
    Drug development research, 2016, Volume: 77, Issue:6

    Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Blood Glucose; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus,

2016
Diabetes: Urea inhibits insulin secretion in CKD.
    Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2016, Volume: 12, Issue:10

    Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Urea

2016
INCREASED SERUM LEVELS OF UREA AND CREATININE ARE SURROGATE MARKERS FOR DISRUPTION OF RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR EXTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE AND INNER SEGMENT ELLIPSOID ZONE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.
    Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2017, Volume: 37, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus,

2017
Anthranilimide based glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Part 3: X-ray crystallographic characterization, core and urea optimization and in vivo efficacy.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2009, Feb-15, Volume: 19, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques; Crystallography, X-Ray; Diabetes Mellitu

2009
Early renal failure detection by cystatin C in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: varying patterns of renal analyte expression.
    Pathology, 2009, Volume: 41, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albuminuria; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL; Creatinine

2009
Effect of 1-[4- [2-(4-bromobenzenesulfonamino) ethyl] phenylsulfonyl]-3-(trans-4-methylcyclohexyl)urea (I4), a new synthetic sulfonylurea compound, on glucose metabolism in vivo and in vitro.
    Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2009, Volume: 59, Issue:11

    Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; Glucok

2009
Analyte flux at a biomaterial-tissue interface over time: implications for sensors for type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2010, Sep-01, Volume: 4, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Biocompatible Materials; Biopsy; Biosensing Techniques; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diab

2010
Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates endothelial dysfunction in animal models of diabetes, obesity and hypertension.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2011, Mar-01, Volume: 654, Issue:1

    Topics: Adamantane; Administration, Oral; Animals; Aorta; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus

2011
Prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: the Beijing Communities Diabetes Study 6.
    Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2012, Volume: 32, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; China; Community Hea

2012
Glycemic control, dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction in coexisted diabetes, hypertension and nephropathy.
    Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2012, Volume: 25, Issue:1

    Topics: Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, T

2012
Synthesis and evaluation of piperidine urea derivatives as efficacious 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors in diabetic ob/ob mice.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2012, Apr-15, Volume: 22, Issue:8

    Topics: 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation;

2012
Pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase provides cardioprotection in hyperglycemic rats.
    American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2012, Oct-01, Volume: 303, Issue:7

    Topics: Adamantane; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blotting, Western; Calcium Signaling; Crosses, Genetic; Diabetes

2012
Risk factors associated with the development of overt nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients: a 12 years observational study.
    The Indian journal of medical research, 2012, Volume: 136, Issue:1

    Topics: Age Factors; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Glyca

2012
Alterations of cerebral metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus studied by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
    Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2003, Volume: 111, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Blood Glucose; Brain; Chlorides; Choline; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type

2003
Plasma and urinary vascular endothelial growth factor and diabetic nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2004, Volume: 21, Issue:6

    Topics: Albuminuria; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Fe

2004
The effects of Panafil when using topical negative pressure to heal an infected sternal wound.
    Journal of wound care, 2004, Volume: 13, Issue:10

    Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Anti-Infective Agents; Chlorophyllides; Combined Modality Therapy; Corona

2004
Acyl ureas as human liver glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2005, Oct-06, Volume: 48, Issue:20

    Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Allosteric Site; Animals; Binding Sites; Crystallography, X-Ray; Diabetes M

2005
Pattern of biochemistry laboratory requests and results in north eastern Nigeria.
    The Nigerian postgraduate medical journal, 2006, Volume: 13, Issue:2

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Calcium; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Creatinine; Developing Countries; Diabetes M

2006
Clinical risk factors and the role of VDR gene polymorphisms in diabetic retinopathy in Polish type 2 diabetes patients.
    Acta diabetologica, 2006, Volume: 43, Issue:4

    Topics: Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Di

2006
[Bilateral proximal cellulitis and onychomycosis in both big toes due to Fusarium solani].
    Revista iberoamericana de micologia, 2006, Volume: 23, Issue:4

    Topics: Antifungal Agents; Cellulitis; Ciclopirox; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Susceptibility; Drug R

2006
Protein and fat metabolism of hepatocytes from hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic rats.
    South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde, 1984, Apr-07, Volume: 65, Issue:14

    Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hydroxybutyrates; Liver; Osmolar Concentration; Proteins; Rats;

1984
Levels of lactic acid in normal Indians & its relation to food, glucose, cholesterol, raised blood urea.
    Indian journal of medical sciences, 1993, Volume: 47, Issue:9

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Child; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty

1993
Glomerular hyperfiltration in NIDDM patients without overt proteinuria.
    Diabetes care, 1993, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fema

1993
Peritoneal transport in type I (insulin-dependent) and type II (noninsulin-dependent) diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients.
    Advances in peritoneal dialysis. Conference on Peritoneal Dialysis, 1995, Volume: 11

    Topics: Adult; Biological Transport; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabe

1995
Angiopathy affects circulating endothelin-1 levels in type 2 diabetic patients.
    Acta diabetologica, 1995, Volume: 32, Issue:4

    Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Creatine; Diabetes Mellitus

1995
A novel locus, Mody4, distal to D7Mit189 on chromosome 7 determines early-onset NIDDM in nonobese C57BL/6 (Akita) mutant mice.
    Diabetes, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:5

    Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Chromosomes, Human, Pair

1997
Kidney function in phasic insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Jamaica.
    The West Indian medical journal, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:1

    Topics: Albuminuria; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathie

1997
Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in type II (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus patients.
    IMA journal of mathematics applied in medicine and biology, 1997, Volume: 14, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Blood Pressure; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edetic Acid; Female

1997
Factors contributing to the degree of polyuria in a patient with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.
    American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 1997, Volume: 30, Issue:6

    Topics: Absorption; Aged; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diuresis; Glucose; Glycosuria;

1997
Reproducibility and biomarker-based validity and responsiveness of a food frequency questionnaire to estimate protein intake.
    American journal of epidemiology, 1999, Nov-01, Volume: 150, Issue:9

    Topics: Aged; Bias; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet Surveys; Diet, Diabetic; Di

1999
Myoglobin clearance and removal during continuous venovenous hemofiltration.
    Intensive care medicine, 1999, Volume: 25, Issue:10

    Topics: Acrylic Resins; Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Creatinine; Dehydration; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hemo

1999
Effects of oral hypoglycemic agents and diet on protein metabolism in type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetes care, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:1

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Drug Therapy, Combinati

2000
Onset and evolution of nephropathy in rats with spontaneous diabetes mellitus.
    Journal of physiology and biochemistry, 2000, Volume: 56, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies;

2000
Serum leptin levels in diabetic patients on hemodialysis: the relationship to parameters of diabetes metabolic control.
    Endocrine research, 2000, Volume: 26, Issue:2

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female

2000
Use of urea containing dialysate to avoid disequilibrium syndrome, enabling intensive dialysis treatment of a diabetic patient with renal failure and severe metformin induced lactic acidosis.
    Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2001, Volume: 16, Issue:6

    Topics: Acidosis, Lactic; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Humans; Hypoglyce

2001
[Successful symptomatic tazarotene treatment of juvenile acanthosis nigricans of the familial obesity-associated type in insulin resistance].
    Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete, 2001, Volume: 52, Issue:6

    Topics: Acanthosis Nigricans; Administration, Topical; Child; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;

2001
Anorectic, thermogenic and anti-obesity activity of a selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist in ob/ob mice.
    Regulatory peptides, 2002, Mar-15, Volume: 104, Issue:1-3

    Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Benzoxazoles; Body Composition; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type

2002
Beneficial effect of a low glycaemic index diet in type 2 diabetes.
    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 1992, Volume: 9, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet

1992
[The effect of elevated blood glucose levels and body weight on the metabolic profile in type 2 diabetes after long-term therapy].
    Vnitrni lekarstvi, 1990, Volume: 36, Issue:2

    Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Electrolytes; Female; Humans; Lipi

1990
Co-occurrence of hypercalciuria and hypouricaemia in type 2 diabetic patients.
    Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 1989, Volume: 6, Issue:5

    Topics: Blood Pressure; Calcium; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Middle Aged; Phosphates; Ref

1989