ubiquinone and Periodontal-Diseases

Many dentists have been surprised by recent media claims of periodontal benefits with a purportedly revolutionary dietary supplement. The research literature on coenzyme Q10's periodontal effects does not extend to the international English language dental literature, which perhaps explains the surprise. A review of the available literature does not give any ground for the claims made, and selected papers are discussed to show that there is actually some evidence that coenzyme Q10 has no place in periodontal treatment.

Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Coenzymes; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Research Design; Ubiquinone

Approximately 60% of young adults and 80% of middle-aged Americans have periodontal disease. Effective treatment of this widespread affliction is needed. It is generally believed that bacterial plaque on teeth and gingiva is the only direct cause of periodontal disease, and that control of plaque makes possible a normal periodontium in all age brackets. The fallacy in this common belief is the knowledge that effective oral physiotherapy can be ineffective in a small percentage of patients in periodontal practice. There is increasing knowledge and awareness that good nutrition is related to good periodontal health, and that many known vitamins influence the biochemistry of teeth, periodontium, and related bone.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Gingiva; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Placebos; Ubiquinone

Eighteen patients with periodontal disease and measurable pockets were treated on a double-blind basis with coenzyme Q10 and a maching placebo. The treatment was significant (p less than 0.01). Before decoding, all 8 patients receiving coenzyme Q10 and 7/10 patients receiving placebo were correctly assigned. Of the remaining 3 placebo patients, the status of one was borderline and could have been assigned to either group, and two improved due to better hygiene. Crevicular fluid flow as a measure of inflammation was newly monitored. Pocket-depth, periodontal health, calculus and plaque scores provided the most valuable data for evaluation.

Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Gingiva; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Placebos; Time Factors; Ubiquinone

Topics: Adult; Aged; Avitaminosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Gingival Diseases; Gingival Hyperplasia; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oral Hemorrhage; Pain; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Placebos; Pruritus; Tooth Mobility; Ubiquinone

Cardiovascular alterations and periodontal disease have been associated, although cardiovascular disease treatments have not yet been tested against periodontal alterations. We investigated effects of squalene, hydroxytyrosol and coenzyme Q(10) on gingival tissues of rabbits fed on an atherosclerotic diet. Forty-eight rabbits were distributed in six groups. Control group was fed on standard chow for 80 days. The rest were fed with an atherogenic diet for 50 days. After that, a group was sacrificed and the rest were subjected for another extra 30 days on commercial chow alone or supplemented with coenzyme Q(10), squalene or hydroxytyrosol. Atherosclerotic rabbits had higher fibrosis and endothelial activation and lower cellularity in gingival mucosa than controls (P<0.05). Hydroxytyrosol reduced endothelial activation (P<0.05) and squalene additionally decreased fibrosis (P<0.05). Results suggest that gingival vascular changes after the atherosclerotic diet have been reversed by hydroxytyrosol and squalene, natural products from the minor fraction of virgin olive oil.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Arteries; Atherosclerosis; Collagen; Diet, Atherogenic; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endothelium, Vascular; Fibrosis; Gingiva; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Male; Mouth Mucosa; Olive Oil; Periodontal Diseases; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Plant Oils; Rabbits; Squalene; Ubiquinone

Topics: Coenzymes; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontics; Ubiquinone; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Coenzymes; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Ubiquinone

Topics: Adult; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Ubiquinone

The specific activities of the succinate dehydrogenase-coenzyme Q10 reductase in mitochondria were determined for patients from a normal periodontal practice. The criteria for selection were patients having a bone score of 1.0-4.0 and a pocket depth of 2.5-5.2 mm. All 29 patients showed a deficiency of 20-63% of CoQ10-enzyme activity in gingival biopsies. The mean value was elevated (P less than 0.001) over that of controls. For corresponding blood samples, 24/28 (86%) showed deficiencies of 20-66% and a higher (P less than 0.001) mean value than that of controls. Periodontal patients frequently have significant gingival and leucocytic deficiencies of CoQ10. The leucocytic deficiency indicates a systemic nutritional imbalance and is not likely caused by neglected oral hygiene. A gingival deficiency could predispose this tissue to periodontitis and this disease could even augment the deficiency. These results support previously suggested adjunctive use of CoQ10 with oral hygiene for improved treatment presumably through bioenergetics.

Topics: Adult; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidoreductases; Periodontal Diseases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Ubiquinone

Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Deficiency Diseases; Enzyme Activation; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Oral Hygiene; Oxidoreductases; Periodontal Diseases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Ubiquinone

The specific activities of the succinate dehydrogenase-coenzyme Q(10) reductase in gingival tissue from patients with periodontal disease have been compared with the corresponding specific activities of normal human periodontal tissue. The gingival biopsies from patients having diseased periodontal tissue showed a deficiency of coenzyme Q(10), in contrast to those of the normal periodontal tissue which showed no deficiency. The presence or absence of a deficiency of coenzyme Q(10) in the succinate-coenzyme Q(10) enzyme system is appraised by determining the specific activity in the absence and again in the presence of exogenous coenzyme Q(3). An increase in specific activity of this mitochondrial enzyme system in the presence of exogenous coenzyme Q(3) reflects the mitochondrial deficiency of coenzyme Q(10). Such increases ranged from 38-120% and averaged 81% for the individuals with periodontal disease, and were highly significant statistically. These data correlate with clinical studies in Japan that have indicated a therapeutic benefit of the administration of coenzyme Q(7) to many patients with severe and destructive periodontal disease and with the benefit of administration of hexahydrocoenzyme Q(4) to one such patient in the current work.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Periodontal Diseases; Sex Factors; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Ubiquinone

Topics: Hypercalcemia; Periodontal Diseases; Ubiquinone

Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Citrates; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Ketoacidosis; Periodontal Diseases; Rats; Ubiquinone