ubiquinone and Myocardial-Ischemia

Mitochondrial ATP production requires a small electron carrier, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which has been used as adjunctive therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension (HTN) because of its bioenergetics and antioxidant properties. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) beyond the last 2 decades evaluating CoQ10 added to conventional therapy resulted in mixed results and were underpowered to address major clinical endpoints.. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of CoQ10 supplementation on older adults with CVD or HTN in the last 2 decades (2000-2020).. PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases were searched systematically, and references from selected studies were manually reviewed, to identify RCTs or crossover studies evaluating the efficacy of CoQ10 supplementation. Data extracted from selected studies included trial design and duration, treatment, dose, participant characteristics, study variables, and important findings.. A total of 14 studies (1067 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The effect of CoQ10 supplementation was examined among predominantly older adult males with heart failure (HF) (n = 6), HTN (n = 4), and ischemic heart disease (n = 3), and preoperatively in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery (n = 1). CoQ10 supplementation in patients with HF improved functional capacity, increased serum CoQ10 concentrations, and led to fewer major adverse cardiovascular events. CoQ10 had positive quantifiable effects on inflammatory markers in patients with ischemic heart disease. Myocardial hemodynamics improved in patients who received CoQ10 supplementation before cardiac surgery. Effects on HTN were inconclusive.. In predominantly older adult males with CVD or HTN, CoQ10 supplementation added to conventional therapy is safe and offers benefits clinically and at the cellular level. However, results of the trials need to be viewed with caution, and further studies are indicated before widespread usage of CoQ10 is recommended in all older adults.

Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Ubiquinone

Unprecedented community containment measures were taken following the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy. The aim of the study was to explore the self-reported future compliance of citizens with such measures and its relationship with potentially impactful psychological variables.. An online survey was completed by 931 people (18-76 years) distributed across the Italian territory. In addition to demographics, five dimensions were measured: self-reported compliance with containment measures over time (today, at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days from now) at three hypothetical risk levels (10, 50, 90% of likelihood of contracting the COVID-19), perceived risk, generalized anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and relevance of several psychological needs whose satisfaction is currently precluded.. The duration of containment measures plays a crucial role in tackling the spread of the disease as people will be less compliant over time. Psychological needs of citizens impacting on the compliance should be taken into account when planning an easing of the lockdown, along with interventions for protecting vulnerable groups from mental distress.. La apendicitis aguda (AA) es la urgencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente. No encontramos estudios específicos que evalúen el impacto de la pandemia causada por el coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) sobre la AA y su tratamiento quirúrgico. Analizamos la influencia de esta nueva patología sobre la AA.. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes intervenidos por AA desde enero hasta abril de 2020. Fueron clasificados según el momento de la apendicectomía, antes de la declaración del estado de alarma (Pre-COVID19) y después de la declaración del estado de alarma (Post-COVID19) en España. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, duración de la sintomatología, tipo de apendicitis, tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones postoperatorias.. La pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 influye en el momento de diagnóstico de la apendicitis, así como en su grado de evolución y estancia hospitalaria. La peritonitis fue lo más frecuentemente observado. Una sospecha y orientación clínica más temprana, es necesaria para evitar un manejo inadecuado de este trastorno quirúrgico común.. The primary outcome is improvement in PaO. Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634).. None.. The gut barrier is crucial in cirrhosis in preventing infection-causing bacteria that normally live in the gut from accessing the liver and other organs via the bloodstream. Herein, we characterised gut inflammation by measuring different markers in stool samples from patients at different stages of cirrhosis and comparing this to healthy people. These markers, when compared with equivalent markers usually measured in blood, were found to be very different in pattern and absolute levels, suggesting that there is significant gut inflammation in cirrhosis related to different immune system pathways to that seen outside of the gut. This provides new insights into gut-specific immune disturbances that predispose to complications of cirrhosis, and emphasises that a better understanding of the gut-liver axis is necessary to develop better targeted therapies.. La surveillance de l’intervalle QT a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt durant la pandémie de la COVID-19 en raison de l’utilisation de médicaments prolongeant l’intervalle QT et les préoccupations quant à la transmission virale par les électrocardiogrammes (ECG) en série. Nous avons posé l’hypothèse que la surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT par télémétrie était associée à une meilleure détection des épisodes de prolongation de l’intervalle QT.. Nous avons introduit la télémétrie cardiaque en continu (TCC) à l’aide d’un algorithme de surveillance automatisée de l’intervalle QT dans nos unités de COVID-19. Les mesures automatisées quotidiennes de l’intervalle QT corrigé (auto-QTc) en fonction de la fréquence cardiaque maximale ont été enregistrées. Nous avons comparé la proportion des épisodes de prolongation marquée de l’intervalle QTc (QTc long), définie par un intervalle QTc ≥ 500 ms, chez les patients montrant une suspicion de COVID-19 ou ayant la COVID-19 qui avaient été admis avant et après la mise en place de la TCC (groupe témoin. La surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT est supérieure à la norme de soins dans la détection des épisodes de QTc long et exige peu d’ECG. La réponse clinique aux épisodes de QTc long est sous-optimale.. Exposure to a model wildfire air pollution source modifies cardiovascular responses to HC challenge, suggesting air pollution sensitizes the body to systemic triggers.. Though the majority of HIV-infected adults who were on HAART had shown viral suppression, the rate of suppression was sub-optimal according to the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to help end the AIDS pandemic by 2020. Nonetheless, the rate of immunological recovery in the study cohort was low. Hence, early initiation of HAART should be strengthened to achieve good virological suppression and immunological recovery.. Dust in Egyptian laying hen houses contains high concentrations of microorganisms and endotoxins, which might impair the health of birds and farmers when inhaled. Furthermore, laying hens in Egypt seem to be a reservoir for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Thus, farmers are at risk of exposure to ESBL-producing bacteria, and colonized hens might transmit these bacteria into the food chain.. The lack of significant differences in the absolute changes and relative ratios of injury and repair biomarkers by contrast-associated AKI status suggests that the majority of mild contrast-associated AKI cases may be driven by hemodynamic changes at the kidney.. Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.. PROSPERO database Identifier: CRD42016041953.. Untouched root canal at cross-section perimeter, the Hero 642 system showed 41.44% ± 5.62% and Reciproc R40 58.67% ± 12.39% without contact with instruments. Regarding the untouched area, Hero 642 system showed 22.78% ± 6.42% and Reciproc R40 34.35% ± 8.52%. Neither instrument achieved complete cross-sectional root canal debridement. Hero 642 system rotary taper 0.02 instruments achieved significant greater wall contact perimeter and area compared to reciprocate the Reciproc R40 taper 0.06 instrument.. Hero 642 achieved higher wall contact perimeter and area but, regardless of instrument size and taper, vital pulp during. The functional properties of the main mechanisms involved in the control of muscle Ca. This study showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of the iron-responsive product DHA in arthritis can be monitored by an iron-like radioactive tracer (. Attenuated vascular reactivity during pregnancy suggests that the systemic vasodilatory state partially depletes nitric oxide bioavailability. Preliminary data support the potential for MRI to identify vascular dysfunction in vivo that underlies PE. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:447-455.. La evaluación de riesgo es importante para predecir los resultados postoperatorios en pacientes con cáncer gastroesofágico. Este estudio de cohortes tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la composición corporal durante la quimioterapia neoadyuvante e investigar su asociación con complicaciones postoperatorias. MÉTODOS: Los pacientes consecutivos con cáncer gastroesofágico sometidos a quimioterapia neoadyuvante y cirugía con intención curativa entre 2016 y 2019, identificados a partir de una base de datos específica, se incluyeron en el estudio. Se utilizaron las imágenes de tomografía computarizada, antes y después de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, para evaluar el índice de masa muscular esquelética, la sarcopenia y el índice de grasa visceral y subcutánea.. In this in vitro premature infant lung model, HF oscillation of BCPAP was associated with improved CO. Our results showed that HPC significantly promotes neurogenesis after MCAO and ameliorates neuronal injury.. Inflammatory markers are highly related to signs of systemic hypoperfusion in CS. Moreover, high PCT and IL-6 levels are associated with poor prognosis.. These findings indicate that Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit has a protective potential against stroke through modulation of redox and electrolyte imbalances, and attenuation of neurotransmitter dysregulation and other neurochemical dysfunctions. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit could be a promising source for the discovery of bioactives for stroke therapy.

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiviral Agents; Aotidae; Apelin; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Argentina; Arginine; Artemisinins; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroscopy; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Asteraceae; Asthma; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Auditory Cortex; Autoantibodies; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Basketball; Beclin-1; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzofurans; Benzoxazines; Bereavement; beta Catenin; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Betacoronavirus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Evolution; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Biopsy; Bismuth; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Boron; Botrytis; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cameroon; Camptothecin; Candida; Candida albicans; Capillaries; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Carbapenems; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Carps; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Catalysis; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Centrosome; Ceratopogonidae; Chickens; Child; China; Cholera Toxin; Choline; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Chronic Disease; Cinnamates; Cities; Citrates; Climate Change; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Coal; Coal Mining; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Colchicine; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Common Cold; Complement Factor H; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Contrast Media; Coordination Complexes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Cosmetics; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crotonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Culicidae; Culture Media; Curcuma; Cyclopentanes; Cyclopropanes; Cymbopogon; Cystine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors; 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Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential lipid of cells present in all cellular compartments. The functions of CoQ in mitochondrial respiration and as an antioxidant are established, although the lipid likely has additional, presently unknown, roles. While the therapeutic utility of CoQ10 supplements is recognized in the rare cases of primary CoQ10 deficiencies, a potential role for CoQ10 supplements in cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure, has also been studied for over 40 years. This review summarizes our current knowledge in these areas derived from animal studies and human trials. Current evidence for a benefit of CoQ10 supplements in diseases other than primary CoQ10 deficiencies is insufficient.

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Antioxidants; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Heart Failure; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Diseases; Myocardial Ischemia; Tissue Distribution; Ubiquinone

Over the past 2 decades our understanding of the pathologic mechanisms that lead to heart failure (HF) has evolved from simplistic hemodynamic models to more complex models that have implicated neurohormonal activation and adverse cardiac remodeling as important mechanisms of disease progression. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) have become a standard part of the armamentarium in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease. Apart from their lipid-lowering capabilities, statins seem to have non-lipid-lowering effects that impact neurohormonal activation and cardiac remodeling. This review will examine the potential benefits of statins in HF patients with ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathy as well as potential concerns regarding the use of statins in these patients.

Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Autonomic Agents; Cardiomyopathies; Cytokines; Drug Evaluation; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypertrophy; Lipoproteins; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neurotransmitter Agents; Selenoproteins; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone; Ventricular Remodeling

Topics: Aging; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Monitoring; Electron Transport; Exercise; Heart Failure; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Liver Cirrhosis; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Oxidative Stress; Reference Values; Specimen Handling; Ubiquinone

The clinical experience in cardiology with CoQ10 includes studies on congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, and reperfusion injury as it relates to coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The CoQ10-lowering effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the potential adverse consequences are of growing concern. Supplemental CoQ10 alters the natural history of cardiovascular illnesses and has the potential for prevention of cardiovascular disease through the inhibition of LDL cholesterol oxidation and by the maintenance of optimal cellular and mitochondrial function throughout the ravages of time and internal and external stresses. The attainment of higher blood levels of CoQ10 (> 3.5 micrograms/ml) with the use of higher doses of CoQ10 appears to enhance both the magnitude and rate of clinical improvement. In this communication, 34 controlled trials and several open-label and long-term studies on the clinical effects of CoQ10 in cardiovascular diseases are reviewed.

Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coenzymes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension; Myocardial Ischemia; Reperfusion Injury; Ubiquinone; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

Topics: Acetanilides; Carnitine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coenzymes; Coronary Disease; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Piperazines; Ranolazine; Superoxide Dismutase; Trimetazidine; Ubiquinone; Vasodilator Agents

Unprecedented community containment measures were taken following the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy. The aim of the study was to explore the self-reported future compliance of citizens with such measures and its relationship with potentially impactful psychological variables.. An online survey was completed by 931 people (18-76 years) distributed across the Italian territory. In addition to demographics, five dimensions were measured: self-reported compliance with containment measures over time (today, at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days from now) at three hypothetical risk levels (10, 50, 90% of likelihood of contracting the COVID-19), perceived risk, generalized anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and relevance of several psychological needs whose satisfaction is currently precluded.. The duration of containment measures plays a crucial role in tackling the spread of the disease as people will be less compliant over time. Psychological needs of citizens impacting on the compliance should be taken into account when planning an easing of the lockdown, along with interventions for protecting vulnerable groups from mental distress.. La apendicitis aguda (AA) es la urgencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente. No encontramos estudios específicos que evalúen el impacto de la pandemia causada por el coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) sobre la AA y su tratamiento quirúrgico. Analizamos la influencia de esta nueva patología sobre la AA.. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes intervenidos por AA desde enero hasta abril de 2020. Fueron clasificados según el momento de la apendicectomía, antes de la declaración del estado de alarma (Pre-COVID19) y después de la declaración del estado de alarma (Post-COVID19) en España. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, duración de la sintomatología, tipo de apendicitis, tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones postoperatorias.. La pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 influye en el momento de diagnóstico de la apendicitis, así como en su grado de evolución y estancia hospitalaria. La peritonitis fue lo más frecuentemente observado. Una sospecha y orientación clínica más temprana, es necesaria para evitar un manejo inadecuado de este trastorno quirúrgico común.. The primary outcome is improvement in PaO. Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634).. None.. The gut barrier is crucial in cirrhosis in preventing infection-causing bacteria that normally live in the gut from accessing the liver and other organs via the bloodstream. Herein, we characterised gut inflammation by measuring different markers in stool samples from patients at different stages of cirrhosis and comparing this to healthy people. These markers, when compared with equivalent markers usually measured in blood, were found to be very different in pattern and absolute levels, suggesting that there is significant gut inflammation in cirrhosis related to different immune system pathways to that seen outside of the gut. This provides new insights into gut-specific immune disturbances that predispose to complications of cirrhosis, and emphasises that a better understanding of the gut-liver axis is necessary to develop better targeted therapies.. La surveillance de l’intervalle QT a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt durant la pandémie de la COVID-19 en raison de l’utilisation de médicaments prolongeant l’intervalle QT et les préoccupations quant à la transmission virale par les électrocardiogrammes (ECG) en série. Nous avons posé l’hypothèse que la surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT par télémétrie était associée à une meilleure détection des épisodes de prolongation de l’intervalle QT.. Nous avons introduit la télémétrie cardiaque en continu (TCC) à l’aide d’un algorithme de surveillance automatisée de l’intervalle QT dans nos unités de COVID-19. Les mesures automatisées quotidiennes de l’intervalle QT corrigé (auto-QTc) en fonction de la fréquence cardiaque maximale ont été enregistrées. Nous avons comparé la proportion des épisodes de prolongation marquée de l’intervalle QTc (QTc long), définie par un intervalle QTc ≥ 500 ms, chez les patients montrant une suspicion de COVID-19 ou ayant la COVID-19 qui avaient été admis avant et après la mise en place de la TCC (groupe témoin. La surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT est supérieure à la norme de soins dans la détection des épisodes de QTc long et exige peu d’ECG. La réponse clinique aux épisodes de QTc long est sous-optimale.. Exposure to a model wildfire air pollution source modifies cardiovascular responses to HC challenge, suggesting air pollution sensitizes the body to systemic triggers.. Though the majority of HIV-infected adults who were on HAART had shown viral suppression, the rate of suppression was sub-optimal according to the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to help end the AIDS pandemic by 2020. Nonetheless, the rate of immunological recovery in the study cohort was low. Hence, early initiation of HAART should be strengthened to achieve good virological suppression and immunological recovery.. Dust in Egyptian laying hen houses contains high concentrations of microorganisms and endotoxins, which might impair the health of birds and farmers when inhaled. Furthermore, laying hens in Egypt seem to be a reservoir for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Thus, farmers are at risk of exposure to ESBL-producing bacteria, and colonized hens might transmit these bacteria into the food chain.. The lack of significant differences in the absolute changes and relative ratios of injury and repair biomarkers by contrast-associated AKI status suggests that the majority of mild contrast-associated AKI cases may be driven by hemodynamic changes at the kidney.. Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.. PROSPERO database Identifier: CRD42016041953.. Untouched root canal at cross-section perimeter, the Hero 642 system showed 41.44% ± 5.62% and Reciproc R40 58.67% ± 12.39% without contact with instruments. Regarding the untouched area, Hero 642 system showed 22.78% ± 6.42% and Reciproc R40 34.35% ± 8.52%. Neither instrument achieved complete cross-sectional root canal debridement. Hero 642 system rotary taper 0.02 instruments achieved significant greater wall contact perimeter and area compared to reciprocate the Reciproc R40 taper 0.06 instrument.. Hero 642 achieved higher wall contact perimeter and area but, regardless of instrument size and taper, vital pulp during. The functional properties of the main mechanisms involved in the control of muscle Ca. This study showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of the iron-responsive product DHA in arthritis can be monitored by an iron-like radioactive tracer (. Attenuated vascular reactivity during pregnancy suggests that the systemic vasodilatory state partially depletes nitric oxide bioavailability. Preliminary data support the potential for MRI to identify vascular dysfunction in vivo that underlies PE. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:447-455.. La evaluación de riesgo es importante para predecir los resultados postoperatorios en pacientes con cáncer gastroesofágico. Este estudio de cohortes tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la composición corporal durante la quimioterapia neoadyuvante e investigar su asociación con complicaciones postoperatorias. MÉTODOS: Los pacientes consecutivos con cáncer gastroesofágico sometidos a quimioterapia neoadyuvante y cirugía con intención curativa entre 2016 y 2019, identificados a partir de una base de datos específica, se incluyeron en el estudio. Se utilizaron las imágenes de tomografía computarizada, antes y después de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, para evaluar el índice de masa muscular esquelética, la sarcopenia y el índice de grasa visceral y subcutánea.. In this in vitro premature infant lung model, HF oscillation of BCPAP was associated with improved CO. Our results showed that HPC significantly promotes neurogenesis after MCAO and ameliorates neuronal injury.. Inflammatory markers are highly related to signs of systemic hypoperfusion in CS. Moreover, high PCT and IL-6 levels are associated with poor prognosis.. These findings indicate that Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit has a protective potential against stroke through modulation of redox and electrolyte imbalances, and attenuation of neurotransmitter dysregulation and other neurochemical dysfunctions. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit could be a promising source for the discovery of bioactives for stroke therapy.

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiviral Agents; Aotidae; Apelin; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Argentina; Arginine; Artemisinins; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroscopy; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Asteraceae; Asthma; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Auditory Cortex; Autoantibodies; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Basketball; Beclin-1; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzofurans; Benzoxazines; Bereavement; beta Catenin; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Betacoronavirus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Evolution; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Biopsy; Bismuth; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Boron; Botrytis; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cameroon; Camptothecin; Candida; Candida albicans; Capillaries; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Carbapenems; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Carps; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Catalysis; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Centrosome; Ceratopogonidae; Chickens; Child; China; Cholera Toxin; Choline; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Chronic Disease; Cinnamates; Cities; Citrates; Climate Change; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Coal; Coal Mining; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Colchicine; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Common Cold; Complement Factor H; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Contrast Media; Coordination Complexes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Cosmetics; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crotonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Culicidae; Culture Media; Curcuma; Cyclopentanes; Cyclopropanes; Cymbopogon; Cystine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Databases, Genetic; Death; Dendritic Cells; Density Functional Theory; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diamond; Diarylheptanoids; Dibenzofurans; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Diclofenac; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Supplements; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dioxins; Diphenylamine; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Susceptibility; Disulfides; Dithiothreitol; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA Methylation; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Doublecortin Protein; Drosophila melanogaster; Droughts; Drug Carriers; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Dust; Dynactin Complex; Dysferlin; Echo-Planar Imaging; Echocardiography; Edaravone; Egypt; Elasticity; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Emodin; Emtricitabine; Endometriosis; Endothelium, Vascular; Endotoxins; Energy Metabolism; Energy Transfer; 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Selenium and coenzyme Q10 are important antioxidants in the body. As the intake of selenium is low in Europe, and the endogenous production of coenzyme Q10 decreases as age increases, an intervention trial using selenium and coenzyme Q10 for four years was performed. As previously reported, the intervention was accompanied by reduced cardiovascular mortality. The objective of the present study was to analyze cardiovascular mortality for up to 10 years after intervention, to evaluate if mortality differed in subgroups differentiated by gender, diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and functional class.. Four-hundred forty-three healthy elderly individuals were included from a rural municipality in Sweden. All cardiovascular mortality was registered, and no participant was lost to the follow-up. Based on death certificates and autopsy results mortality was registered.. Significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality could be seen in those on selenium and coenzyme Q10 intervention. A multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated a reduced cardiovascular mortality risk in the active treatment group (HR: 0.51; 95%CI 0.36-0.74; P = 0.0003). The reduced mortality could be seen to persist during the 10-year period. Subgroup analysis showed positive effects in both genders. An equally positive risk reduction could be seen in those with ischemic heart disease (HR: 0.51; 95%CI 0.27-0.97; P = 0.04), but also in the different functional classes.. In a 10-year follow-up of a group of healthy elderly participants given four years of intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10, significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality was observed. The protective action was not confined to the intervention period, but persisted during the follow-up period. The mechanism explaining the persistency remains to be elucidated. Since this was a small study, the observations should be regarded as hypothesis-generating.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Sex Distribution; Ubiquinone

Topics: Brachial Artery; Cardiovascular Agents; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Myocardial Ischemia; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed; Vasodilation; Vitamins

This randomized controlled study was designed to determine whether oral coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) supplementation (100 mg tid) was able to improve extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) activity and endothelium-dependent (ED) vasodilation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). ecSOD, a major antioxidant enzyme system of the vessel wall, is reduced in patients with CAD. Moreover, there is a strong correlation between endothelium-bound ecSOD and the ED dilation of conduit arteries. CoQ(10) has been recently shown to improve the ED relaxation in diabetic patients.. Thirty-eight CAD patients (33 M/5 F, mean age 55 +/- 4 years, ejection fraction 57.5 +/- 8%) were randomized into two groups. One group (n = 19) received CoQ(10) orally at doses of 300 mg/day for 1 month, whereas the other group received a placebo. On entry and after 1 month, all patients underwent brachial artery ED assessment, cardiopulmonary exercise test, and the measurement of endothelium-bound ecSOD activity. A total of 33 patients completed the study. ecSOD, ED relaxation, as well as peak VO(2) and O(2) pulse increases in the CoQ(10)-treated group were statistically greater vs. the variations in the placebo group. In particular, improvements elicited by CoQ(10) supplementation were remarkable in subjects presenting low initial endothelium-bound ecSOD and thus more prone to oxidative stress.. Improvements in the ED relaxation and endothelium-bound ecSOD activity might be related to CoQ(10) capability of enhancing endothelial functionality by counteracting nitric oxide oxidation. The enhancement of peak VO(2) and of O(2) pulse is likely due to the bioenergetic effect of CoQ(10); on the other end, the improved VO(2) could also depend on the observed enhanced peripheral endothelial function.

Topics: Brachial Artery; Coenzymes; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Endothelium, Vascular; Exercise; Exercise Test; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocardial Ischemia; Superoxide Dismutase; Ubiquinone; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents; Vasomotor System

Topics: Antioxidants; Coenzymes; Double-Blind Method; Free Radicals; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Pravastatin; Ubiquinone

Several noninvasive studies have shown the effect on heart failure of treatment with coenzyme Q10. In order to confirm this by invasive methods we studied 22 patients with mean left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 26%, mean LV internal diameter 71 mm and in NYHA class 2-3. The patients received coenzyme Q10 100 mg twice daily or placebo for 12 weeks in a randomized double-blinded placebo controlled investigation. Before and after the treatment period, a right heart catheterisation was done including a 3 minute exercise test. The stroke index at rest and work improved significantly, the pulmonary artery pressure at rest and work decreased (significantly at rest), and the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at rest and work decreased (significantly at 1 min work). These results suggest improvement in LV performance. Patients with congestive heart failure may thus benefit from adjunctive treatment with coenzyme Q10.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Catheterization; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Coenzymes; Female; Heart Failure; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Ischemia; Ubiquinone; Ventricular Function, Left

Topics: Angina Pectoris; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Agents; Coenzymes; Cytoprotection; Female; Heart; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Physical Exertion; Time Factors; Ubiquinone

Over an eight year period (1985-1993), we treated 424 patients with various forms of cardiovascular disease by adding coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to their medical regimens. Doses of CoQ10 ranged from 75 to 600 mg/day by mouth (average 242 mg). Treatment was primarily guided by the patient's clinical response. In many instances, CoQ10 levels were employed with the aim of producing a whole blood level greater than or equal to 2.10 micrograms/ml (average 2.92 micrograms/ml, n = 297). Patients were followed for an average of 17.8 months, with a total accumulation of 632 patient years. Eleven patients were omitted from this study: 10 due to non-compliance and one who experienced nausea. Eighteen deaths occurred during the study period with 10 attributable to cardiac causes. Patients were divided into six diagnostic categories: ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), primary diastolic dysfunction (PDD), hypertension (HTN), mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and valvular heart disease (VHD). For the entire group and for each diagnostic category, we evaluated clinical response according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional scale, and found significant improvement. Of 424 patients, 58 per cent improved by one NYHA class, 28% by two classes and 1.2% by three classes. A statistically significant improvement in myocardial function was documented using the following echocardiographic parameters: left ventricular wall thickness, mitral valve inflow slope and fractional shortening. Before treatment with CoQ10, most patients were taking from one to five cardiac medications. During this study, overall medication requirements dropped considerably: 43% stopped between one and three drugs. Only 6% of the patients required the addition of one drug. No apparent side effects from CoQ10 treatment were noted other than a single case of transient nausea. In conclusion, CoQ10 is a safe and effective adjunctive treatment for a broad range of cardiovascular diseases, producing gratifying clinical responses while easing the medical and financial burden of multidrug therapy.

Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Diastole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Echocardiography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Function Tests; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Prolapse; Myocardial Ischemia; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone

Myocardial stunning, defined as a reversible decrease in contractility after ischemia and reperfusion, may be a manifestation of reperfusion injury caused by free oxygen radical damage. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone), believed to act as a free radical scavenger, reduces myocardial stunning in a porcine model. Twelve swine were randomized to receive either oral supplementation with coenzyme Q10 or placebo for 20 days. A normothermic open-chest model was used with short occlusion (8 min) of the distal left descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion. Regional contractile function was measured with epicardial Doppler crystals in ischemic and nonischemic segments by measuring thickening fraction of the left ventricular wall during systole. Stunning time was defined as the elapsed time of reduced contractility until return to baseline. Coenzyme Q10 concentrations were measured in blood and homogenized myocardial tissue by high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma levels of reduced coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol) were higher in swine pretreated with the experimental medication as compared to placebo (mean 0.45 mg/l versus 0.11 mg/l, respectively). Myocardial tissue concentrations, however, did not show any changes (mean 0.79 micrograms/mg dry weight versus 0.74 micrograms/mg). Stunning time was significantly reduced in coenzyme Q10 pretreated animals (13.7 +/- 7.7 min versus 32.8 +/- 3.1 min, P < 0.01). In conclusion, chronic pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 protects ischemic myocardium in an open-chest swine model. The beneficial effect of coenzyme Q10 on myocardial stunning may be due to protection from free radical mediated reperfusion injury. This protective effect seems to be generated by a humoral rather than intracellular mechanism.

Topics: Animals; Coenzymes; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Hemodynamics; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Stunning; Random Allocation; Swine; Ubiquinone

Myocardial ischemia (MI) remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Angiogenic therapy with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a promising strategy to overcome hypoxia and its consequences. However, from the clinical data it is clear that fulfillment of the potential of VEGF warrants a better delivery strategy. On the other hand, the compelling evidences of the role of oxidative stress in diseases like MI encourage the use of antioxidant agents. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) due to its role in the electron transport chain in the mitochondria seems to be a good candidate to manage MI but is associated with poor biopharmaceutical properties seeking better delivery approaches. The female Sprague Dawley rats were induced MI and were followed up with VEGF microparticles intramyocardially and CoQ10 nanoparticles orally or their combination with appropriate controls. Cardiac function was assessed by measuring ejection fraction before and after three months of therapy. Results demonstrate significant improvement in the ejection fraction after three months with both treatment forms individually; however the combination therapy failed to offer any synergism. In conclusion, VEGF microparticles and CoQ10 nanoparticles can be considered as promising strategies for managing MI.

Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Coronary Vessels; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Lactic Acid; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Nanoparticles; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Polyglycolic Acid; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recombinant Proteins; Stroke Volume; Ubiquinone; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Experiments were performed on the model of irreversible myocardial ischemia in Wistar rats. Coenzyme Q10 was injected intravenously 10 min after coronary artery occlusion. On day 21 after myocardial infarction the content of coenzyme Q10 in the left ventricle, liver, and plasma from animals of the treatment group was higher than that in untreated rats by 23, 1042, and 87%, respectively (p<0.05). The area of the necrotic zone was lower, and postinfarction hypertrophy of the left ventricle was less pronounced in coenzyme-receiving rats. Right ventricular hypertrophy did not develop in these animals. These rats were characterized by greater stroke volume (by 24.6%, p<0.05), stroke work (by 34.9%), cardiac output (by 37.8%, p<0.05), ejection fraction (by 35.7%, p<0.05), and contractility (by 22.5%, p<0.05), but lower end-diastolic pressure (by 25.8%, p<0.05) than untreated animals. These data indicate that the development of parenteral ubiquinone preparations holds much promise for urgent therapy of acute cardiovascular disorders.

Topics: Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Heart Ventricles; Injections, Intravenous; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stroke Volume; Ubiquinone

Reactive oxygen species seem to play an important role in vascular homeostasis. In conditions of high oxidative stress, such as chronic heart failure and multiple coronary risk factors, the rate of inactivation of nitric oxide to peroxynitrite by superoxide anions may be reduced by CoQ10, which can also protect against nitrosative damage. CoQ10 may also influence vascular function indirectly via inhibition of oxidative damage to LDL. Patients with lower levels of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) demonstrate greater improvements than patients with normal ec-SOD levels, suggesting that the higher the oxidative stress the greater the improvement in the endothelium-dependent relaxation after the administration of a compound with antioxidant properties like CoQ10. Future studies are needed to inquire whether these effects may translate into benefits in clinical practice.

Topics: Coronary Disease; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Oxidative Stress; Superoxide Dismutase; Ubiquinone

Contrary to clinical trials, experimental studies revealed that diabetes mellitus (DM) may initiate, besides increased myocardial vulnerability to ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) and pro/antioxidant dysbalance, development of adaptation leading to an enhanced tolerance to I/R. The aims were to characterize 1) susceptibility to ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias in the diabetic rat heart 2) its response to antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and a NOS inhibitor L-NAME, and 3) the effect of DM on endogenous antioxidant systems. Seven days after streptozotocin injection (65 mg/kg, i.p.), Langendorff-perfused control (C) and DM hearts were subjected to 30-min occlusion of the LAD coronary artery with or without prior 15-min treatment with L-NAME (100 microM) or NAC (4 mM). Total number of ventricular premature beats (VPB), as well the total duration of ventricular tachycardia (VT) were reduced in the DM group (from 533+/-58 and 37.9+/-10.2 s to 224.3+/-52.6 and 19+/-13.5 s; P<0.05). In contrast to the antiarrhythmic effects of L-NAME and NAC in controls group (VPB 290+/-56 and 74+/-36, respectively; P<0.01 vs. control hearts), application of both drugs in the diabetics did not modify arrhythmogenesis (L-NAME: VPB 345+/-136, VT 25+/-13 s; NAC: VPB 207+/-50, VT 12+/-3.9 s; P>0.05 vs non-treated diabetic hearts). Diabetic state was associated with significantly elevated levels of CoQ10 and CoQ9 (19.6+/-0.8 and 217.3+/-9.5 vs. 17.4+/- 0.5 and 185.0+/-5.0 nmol/g, respectively, in controls; P<0.05), as well as alpha-tocopherol (38.6+/-0.7 vs. 31.5+/-2.1 nmol/g in controls; P<0.01) in the myocardial tissue. It is concluded that early period of DM is associated with enhanced resistance to ischemia-induced arrhythmias. Diabetes mellitus might induce adaptive processes in the myocardium leading to lower susceptibility to antioxidant and L-NAME treatment.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adaptation, Physiological; alpha-Tocopherol; Animals; Antioxidants; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Enzyme Inhibitors; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Ubiquinone; Up-Regulation; Ventricular Function, Left

Inhibitors of the key enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (statins) decrease cholesterol content in atherogenic low-density lipoproteins in patients with coronary heart disease and hypercholesterolemia, but inhibited biosynthesis of ubiquinone Q10 protecting low-density lipoproteins from free radical oxidation. Cerivastatin in a daily dose of 0.4 mg markedly increased the content of lipid peroxides in low-density lipoproteins. However, complex therapy with cerivastatin and antioxidant probucol (250 mg/day) was accompanied by a sharp decrease in the content of lipid peroxides in low-density lipoproteins in patients with coronary heart disease in vivo. These data indicate that antioxidant agents should be used in combination with inhibitors of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (hypolipidemic preparations) for the therapy of patients with coronary heart disease.

Topics: Antioxidants; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Coenzymes; Double-Blind Method; Enzyme Inhibitors; Free Radicals; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypercholesterolemia; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Oxygen; Peroxides; Placebos; Probucol; Pyridines; Random Allocation; Time Factors; Ubiquinone

Effects of prolonged consumption of ubiquinone on myocardial injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion were studied in reperfused rat hearts. Wistar rats received lipophylic or hydrophilic forms of ubiquinone for 6-8 weeks with chow or water, respectively. Isolated isovolumic hearts with a constant volume latex balloon in the left ventricular cavity were subjected to total normothermic ischemia (25 min) and subsequent reperfusion (50 min). Time course of ischemic contracture and its level in both groups of ubiquinone treated animals were similar to those in controls. However recovery of left ventricular developed pressure after reperfusion was significantly better in both ubiquinone groups (54-/+9, 65-/+7, and 24-/+4 mm Hg in animals treated with lipophylic and hydrophylic ubiquinone and controls, respectively, p<0.01). As a result the developed pressure and heart rate product reflecting maximal aerobic capacity of the heart was also better restored. Both ubiquinone groups demonstrated absence of increased coronary tone that was characteristic for control animals. Mitochondria isolated from reperfused hearts of ubiquinone treated rats showed better preservation of structure and respiratory control. Rate of succinate-dependent generation of superoxide radicals determined with a spin trap TIRON in mitochondria from hearts of rats treated with hydrophylic ubiquinone (35-/+8 mmol O(2) /min/g) was approximately twice lower (p<0.05) than in control group (74-/+12 mmol O(2) /min/g) while the value in lipophylic ubiquinone group (48-/+9 mmol O(2) /min/g) did not differ significantly from the control. The results evidence that prolonged consumption of water-soluble ubiquinone increases resistance of rat myocardium to injuring action of reperfusion.

Topics: Animals; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ubiquinone

The increase of radical forms of mitochondrial respiratory chain compounds (MRCC) is an indicator of an increased risk of the formation of oxygen radicals. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), we found an increase of signals corresponding to ubisemichinone radical (.QH) and ironsulfur proteins radical forms (-FeS) of these respiratory chain compounds during ischemia in the isolated perfused rat heart (.QH increased from 1.51 to 3.08, .FeS1 from 1.14 to 2.65 arbitrary units). During the 5-min reperfusion, the signals returned to normoxic levels. In isolated mitochondria exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation the radical forms of .QH and FeS2 changed in a similar manner as in the intact heart. A combination of in vivo captopril treatment and in vitro L-arginine administration significantly decreased the levels of MRCC radicals in the isolated myocardium (.QH from 2.61 to 1.72 and .FeS, from 1.82 to 0.46 under normoxia; .QH from 4.35 to 2.66 and .FeS1 from 1.93 to 1.35 during ischemia). This decrease in MRCC radical forms was associated with increased NO levels in the perfusate, determined as NO2- / NO3-, as well as tissue NO levels determined using EPR as the dinitrosyl iron complex (DNIC). These results provide new information about the cardioprotective effects of ACE inhibitors and L-arginine.

Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Arginine; Captopril; Coenzymes; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Electron Transport; Free Radicals; Iron-Sulfur Proteins; Male; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardial Ischemia; Nitric Oxide; Oxygen; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ubiquinone

To examine whether nutritional supplementation of coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) can reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, a group of swine was fed a regular diet supplemented with CoQ(10) (5 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) for 30 days. Another group of pigs that were fed a regular diet supplemented with placebo served as a control. After 30 days, isolated in situ pig hearts were prepared and hearts were perfused with a cardiopulmonary pump system. Each heart was subjected to 15 min of regional ischemia by snaring of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 60 min of hypothermic cardioplegic global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. After the experiments were completed, myocardial infarct size was measured by triphenyltrazolium chloride staining methods. Postischemic left ventricular contractile function was better recovered in the CoQ(10) group than in the control group of pigs. CoQ(10)-fed pigs revealed less myocardial infarction and less creatine kinase release from the coronary effluent compared with control pigs. The experimental group also demonstrated a smaller amount of malonaldehyde in the coronary effluent and a higher content of the endogenous antioxidants ascorbate and thiol. Significant induction of the expression of ubiquitin mRNA was also found in the hearts of the CoQ(10)-fed group. The results of this study demonstrate that nutritional supplementation of CoQ(10) renders the hearts resistant to ischemia-reperfusion injury, probably by reducing the oxidative stress.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Coenzymes; Creatine Kinase; Diet; Free Radicals; Gene Expression; Heart; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Swine; Ubiquinone; Ubiquitins; Ventricular Function, Left

Preventive and therapeutic intraventricular administration of ubiquinone-10 to male rats with epinephrine-induced myocarditis increased the rate of oxidative phosphorylation, elevated the content of ATP, and inhibited lipid peroxidation in ischemic myocardium.

Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Kinetics; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Rats; Ubiquinone

Many studies have suggested that parenteral administration of coenzyme Q10 (Q10) protects the myocardium of young experimental animals from post-ischemic reperfusion injury. Although parenteral administration, in contrast to per os supplementation, seems to elevate coenzyme Q concentrations in heart tissue, it is not suitable for prophylactic use. In addition, the incidence of ischemic events is greatest in older age. We studied the effect of Q10 supplementation on myocardial postischemic recovery in 18-month-old Wistar rats. The treated group (n=9) received 10 mg/kg/day of Q10 for 8 weeks in their chow while the normal chow of the control group (n=9) contained less than 0.5 mg/kg/day of Q10. The treatment clearly elevated plasma Q10 concentration (286 +/- 25 micromol/l and 48 +/- 30 micromol/l, treated and controls, respectively, p<0.0001) but neither Q9 nor Q10 concentrations in heart tissue were affected by the supplementation. The isolated perfused hearts were subjected to 20 minutes of ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion. The preischemic values of developed pressure (DP) but not contractility (+DP/delta t) and relaxation (-DP/delta t) were improved by Q10 supplementation (p=0.034, p=0.057 and p=0.13, respectively) while in postischemic recovery no differences were observed between the groups (p>0.05 at all time points). Also, in myocardial flow, myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and myocardial aerobic efficiency (DP/MVO2) the groups did not differ at any time points. Although dietary Q10 supplementation clearly elevated plasma Q10 concentrations in senescent rats, the coenzyme Q contents in heart tissue and myocardial recovery from ischemia were not affected. However, it is possible that the site of action for the reported beneficial effects of Q10 is in the coronary endothelium rather than myocardium itself.

Topics: Aging; Animals; Antioxidants; Coenzymes; Dietary Supplements; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values; Ubiquinone

The inferior recovery of cardiac function after interventional cardiac procedures in elderly patients compared to younger patients suggests that the aged myocardium is more sensitive to stress. We report two studies that demonstrate an age-related deficit in myocardial performance after aerobic and ischemic stress and the capacity of CoQ10 treatment to correct age-specific diminished recovery of function. In Study 1 the functional recovery of young (4 mo) and senescent (35 mo) isolated working rat hearts after aerobic stress produced by rapid electrical pacing was examined. After pacing, the senescent hearts, compared to young, showed reduced recovery of pre-stress work performance. CoQ10 pretreatment (daily intraperitoneal injections of 4 mg/kg CoQ10 for 6 weeks) in senescent hearts improved their recovery to match that of young hearts. Study 2 tested whether the capacity of human atrial trabeculae (obtained during surgery) to recover contractile function, following ischemic stress in vitro (60 min), is decreased with age and whether this decrease can be reversed by CoQ10. Trabeculae from older individuals (> or = 70 yr) showed reduced recovery of developed force after simulated ischemia compared to younger counterparts (< 70 yr). Notably, this age-associated effect was prevented in trabeculae pretreated in vitro (30 min at 24 degrees C) with CoQ10 (400 MicroM). We measured significantly lower CoQ10 content in trabeculae from > or = 70 yr patients. In vitro pretreatment raised trabecular CoQ10 content to similar levels in all groups. We conclude that, compared to younger counterparts, the senescent myocardium of rats and humans has a reduced capacity to tolerate ischemic or aerobic stress and recover pre-stress contractile performance, however, this reduction is attenuated by CoQ10 pretreatment.

Topics: Aerobiosis; Aging; Animals; Antioxidants; Coenzymes; Female; Heart; Heart Atria; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ubiquinone

Greenlanders (Eskimos) have low prevalence of ischaemic heart disease, partly explained by a lower extent of atherosclerosis and a low n-6/n-3 ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids. As atherosclerosis is also a result of oxidative stress, the total antioxidative readiness could have a substantial impact. From a health survey we chose the subpopulation from the most remote area, where the traditional Greenlandic diet with high intake of sea mammals and fish predominates. The mean (SD) of S-CoQ10 in males was 1.495 (0.529) nmol/ml and 1.421 (0.629) nmol/ml in females, significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to a Danish population. In a linear multiple regression model the S-CoQ10 level is significantly positively associated with age and S-selenium in males, and S-total cholesterol in females. The high level of CoQ10 in Greenlanders probably reflects diet, since no bioaccumulation takes place, and it could probably be a substantial part of the antioxidative defense.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Antioxidants; Arteriosclerosis; Asian People; Biomarkers; Cholesterol; Coenzymes; Denmark; Female; Greenland; Humans; Inuit; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Pilot Projects; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Selenium; Sex Factors; Ubiquinone; White People

Although cardiac endogenous antioxidants have been reported to be oxidized and decreased by ischemia-reperfusion, little is known whether the changes in these antioxidants are correlated with each other in a systematic relationship. In this study, isolated rat hearts were subjected to various periods of ischemia-reperfusion using the Langendorff method, and the content and/or redox status of tissue antioxidants were analyzed. Significant losses in the tissue hydrophilic antioxidants, ascorbate, and glutathione were observed. These losses were dependent on the duration of the reperfusion period (between 0-40 min) but not of ischemia (20-60 min). Marked increases of dehydroascorbate and glutathione disulfide, the oxidized forms of ascorbate and glutathione, respectively, were found during reperfusion, but these changes were not observed during ischemia. These findings indicate that the tissue hydrophilic antioxidants are easily oxidized and may be the first line of antioxidant defenses during reperfusion. Lipophilic antioxidants, like ubiquinol 9 and vitamin E, were not decreased during ischemia-reperfusion using regular buffer; however, if oxidative stress was induced by addition of H2O2 to the buffer solution during reperfusion after 20 min of ischemia, decreases in both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic antioxidants were noticeable. With 100 microM H2O2, the tissue antioxidant decreases were ubiquinol 9 (39%), vitamin E (3%), glutathione (44%) and ascorbate (58%). Only with 500 microM H2O2 treatment were marked decreases in tissue vitamin E (65%) observed; this was associated with almost complete depletion of tissue ubiquinol 9 (95%). These results suggest that prior to the consumption of vitamin E, other antioxidants are depleted and that vitamin E may serve as the ultimate antioxidant, protecting the integrity of cellular membranes. Thus, in this work, cardiac antioxidants were demonstrated to change in a systematically organized relationship under ischemia-reperfusion. This graded utilization of antioxidants supports the redox based antioxidant network concept, found to be present in other biological systems.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dehydroascorbic Acid; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Hydrogen Peroxide; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

The antioxidant and bioenergetic effects of CoQ10 (CoQ) suggest it might be ideal therapy for acute myocardial ischemia. Its utility is limited by the requirement for enteral administration. This study related the administration of a new liposomal suspension of CoQ given intravenously to (1) serum and myocardial [CoQ] and (2) recovery of function, myocardial efficiency, and oxidant injury after cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Rats (n = 8/group) were given liposomal CoQ 10 mg/kg iv or placebo (Control), 15 min (C-15), 30 min (C-30), and 60 min (C-60) before (1) measurement of serum and myocardial CoQ or (2) Langendorff perfusion of hearts subjected to 15 min equilibration, 25 min ischemia (37 degrees C), and 40 min reperfusion (RP). Developed pressure (DP) was measured via an intraventricular balloon and coronary flow was measured by a digital flow meter. Myocardial efficiency was defined as DP/MVO2 where MVO2 = microl O2 consumed/min/gram LV. At end RP hearts were assayed for CK, an oxidant sensitive enzyme. Maximum preischemic CoQ levels in serum and myocardium occurred 15 and 30 min after administration, respectively. At end reperfusion, C-30 hearts improved the most, recovering 75 +/- 4% of their preischemic DP while Control recovered only 52 +/- 6% (P < 0.03) as well as maintaining better myocardial efficiency (0.69 +/- 0.02 vs Control, 0.43 +/- 0.05) (P < 0.001). C-15, C-30, and C-60 groups all lost less CK activity after RP vs Control (P < 0.04).. (1) Serum and myocardial levels of CoQ can be raised acutely by iv liposomal CoQ. (2) Myocardial CoQ levels correlate best with I/R protection. (3) Acute iv CoQ improves function and efficiency and decreases oxidant injury after I/R. Intravenous CoQ may be effective clinically for acute cardiac ischemic syndromes.

Topics: Animals; Coenzymes; Creatine Kinase; Disease Susceptibility; Drug Carriers; Heart; Liposomes; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors; Ubiquinone

The aim of this study was to relate changes in the redox state of mitocondrial electron carriers to the 'burst' of oxyradicals in postischemic myocardium. The free radical EPR signals of control and re-oxygenated rat hearts were mainly due to coenzyme Q10, the line width was 0.81 +/- 0.02 mT, and the intensities (1.58 +/- 0.12) x 10(16) and (1.41 +/- 0.13) x 10(16) spins/g. The low-temperature spectra of oxygenated myocardium contained a predominant signal from a S3 Fe-S center and weak signals from N1b, N2, N3, N4 and S1 centers. Global ischemia caused cardinal changes in the redox state of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The low-temperature EPR spectrum now contained intensive signals from most Fe-S centers. The amount of coenzyme Q10 semiquinones decreased during global ischemia, but the content of flavosemiquinones increased. The line width of the signal of the ischemic heart was 1.28 +/- 0.03 mT, and its intensity corresponded (3.16 +/- 0.94) x 10(16) spins/g. The spin-trapping experiments with TEMPONE-H showed that the rate of oxyradical generation in isolated cardiomyocytes essentially increased after hypoxia or on adding rotenone and antimycin A. It became equal to 4.2 +/- 0.3, 8.2 +/- 0.6 and 7.1 +/- 0.5 nmol/min mg-1 mitochondrial protein, respectively. The maximal stimulatory effect was observed in the presence of both inhibitors. The addition of superoxide dismutase, but not catalase, suppressed the formation of oxyradicals.

Topics: Animals; Catalase; Coenzymes; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Electron Transport; Heart; Iron-Sulfur Proteins; Male; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxide Dismutase; Superoxides; Ubiquinone

It has been hypothesized that CoQ10 (CoQ) pretreatment protects myocardium from ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury by its ability to increase aerobic energy production as well as its activity as an antioxidant. Isolated hearts from rats pretreated with either CoQ 20 mg/kg i.m. and 10 mg/kg i.p. or vehicle 24 and 2 h prior to the experiment, were subjected to 15 min of equilibration (EQ), 25 min of ischemia, and 40 min of reperfusion (RP). Developed pressure, +/-dp/dt, myocardial oxygen consumption, and myocardial aerobic efficiency (DP/MVO2) were measured. 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to determine ATP and PCr concentrations. Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence of the coronary sinus effluent was utilized to determine oxidative stress through the protocol. CoQ pretreatment improved myocardial function after ischemia reperfusion. CoQ pretreatment improved tolerance to myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury by its ability to increase aerobic energy production, and by preserving myocardial aerobic efficiency during reperfusion. Furthermore, the oxidative burst during RP was diminished with CoQ. Similarly it was hypothesized that CoQ protected coronary vascular reactivity after I/R via an antioxidant mechanism. Utilizing a newly developed lyposomal CoQ preparation given i.v. 15 min prior to ischemia, ischemia reperfusion was carried out on Langendorff apparatus as previously described. Just prior to ischemia and after RP, hearts were challenged with bradykinin (BK) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and change in coronary flow was measured. CoQ pretreatment protected endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vasodilation after I/R. We conclude that CoQ pretreatment protects coronary vascular reactivity after I/R via OH radical scavenger action.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aerobiosis; Animals; Antioxidants; Bradykinin; Catalase; Coenzymes; Coronary Vessels; Free Radical Scavengers; Heart; Luminescent Measurements; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Nitroprusside; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen Consumption; Premedication; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Superoxide Dismutase; Thiourea; Ubiquinone; Vasodilation

Whole blood vitamin Q (ubiquinone), plasma vitamins Q and E (alpha-(alpha-)tocopherol) and free cholesterol (FC) were studied before (control or base-line value, sample I) and during open chest surgery and extracorporal circulation (samples II-IV) in 10 male IHD patients. Identity existed between control whole blood and plasma ubiquinone. During surgery an increased discrepancy with lower plasma vitamin Q levels were seen. Control plasma vitamins Q, E and FC averaged 0.88 +/- 0.16 (SE), 12.1 +/- 2.2 mg x l(-1) and 0.75 +/- 0.15 g x l(-1). Corresponding molar values were 1.02 +/- 0.17, 28.1 +/- 5.1 micromol x l(-1) and 1.94 +/- 0.74 mmol x l(-1). Vitamin Q and E decreased continuously and averaged 0.64 mg x l(-1) in sample IV (0.74 micromol x l(-1), p < 0.001) and 9.4 mg x l(-1) in sample III (21.8 micromol x l(-1), p < 0.001). Hemolysis in all sample IV vials, ruined all vitamin E determinations. When normalized for FC (NQ and NE), decreases were found to be 17 (IV) and 12% (III), respectively. Large interindividual variations existed. High control NQ and NE values allowed a larger antioxidant vitamin depletion. High NQ seemed also to be a prerequisite for NE depletion. In addition, signs indicated an active liver vitamin Q release for patients rich in control antioxidant values. It was suggested that the antioxidant vitamin depletion did not prevent from radical trauma to membrane structural lipids (especially omega-3 fatty acids or vitamin F1), less membrane fluidity, erythrocyte fragility and hemolysis.

Topics: Aged; Cholesterol; Extracorporeal Circulation; Hemodilution; Hemolysis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Organic Chemicals; Reference Values; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Cardiac ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury causes coronary vascular dysfunction. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ), which preserves cardiac mechanical function after I/R, recently has been recognized as a free radical scavenger. We hypothesized that CoQ protects coronary vascular reactivity after I/R via an antioxidant mechanism.. Rats were pretreated with either CoQ (20 mg/kg intramuscular and 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal [CoQ group]) or a vehicle (Control) before the experiment. Isolated perfused rat hearts were subjected to 25 minutes of global normothermic ischemia and 40 minutes of reperfusion. The reperfusion-induced oxidative burst was directly assessed by lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence. Coronary flow was measured at equilibration and after reperfusion with or without bradykinin, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an endothelium-independent vasodilator. The effect of intracoronary infusion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 0.1 mumol/gm body weight given over 5 minutes), simulating the free radical burst after I/R, also was evaluated.. I/R decreased the bradykinin-induced change in coronary flow (-5% +/- 4% versus 26% +/- 3% at equilibration; p < 0.05) and the SNP-induced change (+20% +/- 6% versus +56% +/- 5% at equilibration; p < 0.05). The coronary vasculature after H2O2 infusion revealed a similar loss in vasodilatory responsiveness (+4% +/- 4% in response to bradykinin, +35% +/- 8% in response to SNP; p < 0.05 versus equilibration). Pretreatment with CoQ improved BK-induced vasorelaxation after I/R (+12% +/- 2%; p < 0.05 versus control I/R) or H2O2 infusion (18% +/- 4%; p < 0.05 versus control I/R) but failed to improve SNP-induced vasorelaxation. The CoQ pretreatment decreased the I/R-induced maximal free radical burst (9.3 +/- 0.8 x 10(3) cpm versus 11.5 +/- 1.1 x 10(3) cpm; p < 0.05) during the early period of reperfusion.. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation is more sensitive than endothelium-independent relaxation to I/R injury. Via a direct antioxidant effect, CoQ preserved endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by improving tolerance to I/R injury.

Topics: Acridines; Animals; Antioxidants; Bradykinin; Coenzymes; Coronary Circulation; Endothelium, Vascular; Hydrogen Peroxide; Luminescent Measurements; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Nitroprusside; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Ubiquinone; Ventricular Function, Left

Topics: Animals; Coenzymes; Diet; Female; Male; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Swine; Ubiquinone

Coenzyme Q10 has been found to enhance recovery of function after reperfusion in numerous experimental acute ischemia-reperfusion models. We assessed whether coenzyme Q10, administered intravenously either during or 1 h before ischemia, can limit infarct size in the rabbit.. Anesthetized open-chest rabbits were subjected to 30 min of coronary artery occlusion and 4 h of reperfusion. In Protocol 1, 12 min after beginning of ischemia rabbits were randomized to intravenous infusion of 30 mg coenzyme Q10 (Eisai Co., Japan) (n = 10) or vehicle (n = 10). In Protocol 2, rabbits were randomized to 30 mg coenzyme Q10 (n = 6) or vehicle (n = 6) treatment 60 min before ischemia. Ischemic zone at risk (IZ) was assessed by blue dye and necrotic zone (NZ) by tetrazolium staining.. In both protocols, coenzyme Q10 did not alter heart rate, mean blood pressure, or regional myocardial blood flows in either the ischemic or non-ischemic zones during ischemia or reperfusion. No difference was found in IZ (as fraction of LV weight) (Protocol 1: 0.24 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.25 +/- 0.02; Protocol 2: 0.28 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.28 +/- 0.03, in the control vs. coenzyme Q10 groups, respectively). The NZ/IZ ratio was comparable between the groups in both protocols (Protocol 1: 0.22 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.26 +/- 0.04; Protocol 2: 0.21 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.06, in the control vs. coenzyme Q10 groups, respectively).. Coenzyme Q10, administered acutely either during or 60 min before myocardial ischemia, does not attenuate infarct size in the rabbit.

Topics: Animals; Coenzymes; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Ubiquinone

This study investigated the biosynthesis of ubiquinone in isolated and perfused hearts of young and aged rats exposed to ischemia and reperfusion. A first group of hearts was used to determine the changes in coenzyme Q9 (CoQ9) and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) concentrations at mitochondrial and microsomal level after 30 min of ischemia (98% reduction of the preischemic flow) and 60 min of reperfusion. A second group was utilized to evaluate the rate of CoQ9 and CoQ10 biosynthesis in the membranes by dissolving two ubiquinone precursors, p-OH-[U-14C]benzoate and mevalonolactone, in the perfusion buffer. The hearts were aerobically perfused for 60 min in the presence of the precursors either immediately after the equilibration period or following 30 min ischemia. The young rat hearts showed a 30% reduction in the mitochondrial levels of CoQ9 after ischemia and reperfusion with respect to the preischemic values (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). On the contrary, the mitochondrial CoQ9 content was not modified under these conditions in the aged hearts. At the end of reperfusion, the biosynthesis of mitochondrial CoQ9 and CoQ10 was higher in the young rats (P < 0.05), and lower in the aged rats (P < 0.05), with respect to the aerobic perfusion. In both young and aged rats minor changes in CoQ9 concentrations and biosynthesis were observed at microsomal level. These results indicate that myocardial reperfusion decreases the mitochondrial content of ubiquinone and stimulates CoQ9 biosynthesis in young rats but not in aged rats.

Topics: Acclimatization; Aging; Animals; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Microsomes; Mitochondria, Heart; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Parabens; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reference Values; Ubiquinone

The effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) were studied in isolated, isovolumic rat hearts during a 30-min period of global ischemia followed by 40 min of reperfusion. After reperfusion 1) the relative recovery of developed pressure (DP) was increased by CoQ (75 vs. 40% of the preischemic value for 20 microM CoQ and control hearts, respectively, P < 0.001); 2) diastolic pressure elevation was decreased by CoQ (20 vs. 50 mmHg in CoQ vs. control hearts, respectively, P < 0.001); and 3) recovery of high-energy phosphates and reduction of inorganic phosphate were approximately twofold greater in CoQ vs. control hearts (P < 0.001 for each parameter). The beneficial effects of CoQ were not observed when CoQ was added at the onset of reperfusion. The total free generation during reperfusion was not affected by CoQ. In unpaced hearts, in the presence of verapamil to prevent spontaneous beating, spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations were measured as scattered laser light intensity fluctuations (SLIF). The transient rise in SLIF in the postischemic reperfused myocardium, which previously has been shown to predict the extent of Ca2+ overload, was suppressed by CoQ (P < 0.001). These results suggest that while early CoQ treatment does not scavenge the primary burst of superoxide or hydroxy radical generation, which occurs on reperfusion, it markedly improves the functional recovery during reperfusion by enhancing the recovery of high-energy phosphates and preventing Ca2+ overload.

Topics: Animals; Calcium; Coenzymes; Energy Metabolism; Heart; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Lasers; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Pressure; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Rest; Scattering, Radiation; Ubiquinone

Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Coenzymes; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Risk Factors; Ubiquinone

In ischaemic heart disease, the heart muscle is subjected to repeated episodes of regional ischaemia or to a constant underperfusion. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the myocardial metabolic adaptation to this stress.. Eighteen male patients with ischaemic heart disease were studied by biopsies taken from the left ventricular septum during bypass surgery. Citrate synthase, total lactate dehydrogenase and its H and M subunits, coenzyme Q10, and myoglobin were determined in all biopsies. Concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP were determined and energy charge calculated in the biopsies from the patients with ischaemic heart disease. Biopsies from the septal region of hearts obtained from brain dead kidney and liver donors were used as reference and preoperative myocardial thallium scintigraphy was performed in the patients with ischaemic heart disease to relate the myocardial biochemical markers to thallium uptake at the biopsy site.. Myocardial activities of citrate synthase as well as contents of coenzyme Q10 and myoglobin in patients with ischaemic heart disease were not different from those of the reference group, and no linear relation was found between these three markers on the one hand and thallium uptake on the other. The energy charge was directly related and the M subunit of lactate dehydrogenase inversely related to the thallium uptake.. The results suggest an absence of adaptation to ischaemia in terms of increased myocardial oxidative capacity and O2 transport and storage capacity. Furthermore, it is indicated that a stressed energy metabolism with increasing severity of ischaemic heart disease enhances anaerobic metabolism and induces a shift in myocardial lactate dehydrogenase subunit fractions.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Exercise; Female; Humans; Isoenzymes; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; Myoglobin; Thallium Radioisotopes; Ubiquinone

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cardiomyopathies; Child; Circadian Rhythm; Coenzymes; Female; Graft Rejection; Heart Transplantation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Physical Exertion; Reference Values; Ubiquinone

Coenzyme Q10, a mitoquinone involved in mitochondrial energy synthesis and the removal of free radicals, may be lacking in a number of cardiac pathologies leading to reduced contractile activity. The administration of exogenous coenzyme Q10 may help to improve contractile activity. In order to assess this hypothesis 63 patients suffering from altered myocardial contractile function (29 dilated cardiopathies, 15 valvular cardiopathies, 19 ischemic cardiopathies) which presented a NYHA class above 2 were selected. The study was open and patients were subdivided into two groups, one of which received conventional therapy alone whereas the other also received exogenous coenzyme Q10. After 4 months of follow-up clinical (NYHA class, effort tolerance) and echocardiographical (ventricular diameter and contraction fraction %) parameters were evaluated. In those patients treated with coenzyme Q10 and suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy a significant reduction in the NYHA class and a marked improvement in echocardiographic parameters were observed at the end of this period. The variations observed in other groups of patients treated were less conspicuous and not always statistically significant. The results of this study confirm that the association of coenzyme Q10 and conventional therapy may lad to a marked improvement in contractile function and correlated clinical conditions.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Coenzymes; Female; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Contraction; Myocardial Ischemia; Ubiquinone

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q9 (CoQ9) in isolated and perfused young (6 months) and aged (24 months) rat hearts, either under aerobic perfusion condition or during postischemic reperfusion. The young and aged hearts have been divided into 2 groups: Group A, aerobic perfusion for 60 min with recirculating Krebs-Henseleit solution, containing 0.8 microM p-OH-[U-14C]benzoate plus 2.5 mM mevalonlactone; Group B, severe ischemic perfusion for 30 min, followed by 60 min of reperfusion under the same experimental condition of Group A. At the end of the reperfusion the mitochondrial content of CoQ9 was lower in young than aged rat hearts (p < 0.01). In Group A the incorporation of the labeled precursor into mitochondrial CoQ9 was greater in the hearts of aged than young rats (p < 0.01); on the contrary, in Group B this incorporation was significantly reduced in aged than in young rats (p < 0.05). Thus, it is possible that, in the aged rat heart, the higher activity of CoQ9 biosynthesis is related to an elevated turnover of the coenzyme due to the aging process; moreover, this activity is partially reduced by an ischemic-reperfusion stress.

Topics: Aerobiosis; Aging; Animals; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ubiquinone

The protective effect of L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10 and their combination on haemodynamic and metabolic variables has been investigated in isolated perfused working rat hearts after 10 min of global normothermic ischaemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. In untreated rats or in rats treated only with L-carnitine or with coenzyme Q10, this experimental condition did not induce any irreversible myocardial injury as measured by leakage of cardiac enzymes; however, it decreased some haemodynamic parameters such as cardiac output and minute work, as well as the ATP concentration and the total adenine nucleotide pool. No variations in haemodynamic and metabolic parameters were observed in the rats treated with L-carnitine plus coenzyme Q10. In the perfusate of the hearts of the rats treated with both compounds, a lower purine release (a good index of myocardial energy balance) was also obtained. Although the molecular mechanisms remain to be defined, it appears that the association of L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 is more effective than using these compounds separately. The complementary and synergic actions of L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 on metabolism and against peroxidation by oxygen reaction species may explain the efficacy of their association.

Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coenzymes; Drug Combinations; Hemodynamics; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Myocardium; Nucleotides; Phosphocreatine; Purines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ubiquinone