ubiquinone and Malaria

Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; Antimetabolites; Chickens; Electron Transport; Malaria; Naphthoquinones; Plasmodium; Plasmodium malariae; Ubiquinone

Between 82.8% and 92.5% of participants in any BMI group were responders by AS, and between 91.3% and 100% were responders by BBPS in the right colon. Efficacy was consistent across BMI groups, with no clear trends. Greater than 83% of participants in any BMI group found the preparation 'easy' or 'acceptable' to ingest, and the majority (>58%) rated SPMC oral solution as 'better' than a prior bowel preparation. In all BMI groups, safety data were similar to the overall cohort. Commonly reported, drug-related, treatment-emergent AEs were, by ascending BMI group, nausea (1.1%, 5.3%, 1.0%, 5.7%, and 0%) and headache (1.1%, 4.1%, 1.0%, 5.7%, and 0%).. Ready-to-drink SPMC oral solution had consistent, good quality colon cleansing, and favorable tolerability among participants of all BMI groups.. NCT03017235.. The pretreatment serum AST/ALT ratio predicts poor disease outcome and response rate in patients with advanced PDAC treated with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel and might represent a novel and inexpensive marker for individual risk assessment in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.. Of the 98 patients included in the study, 58 had CR (59%), 28 had PR (29%), and 12 patients had NR (12%). The percent splenic tissue embolized was significantly greater in the CR group compared to the PR group (P = 0.001). The percent volume of splenic tissue embolized was linearly correlated with the magnitude of platelet increase without a minimum threshold. At least one line of chemotherapy was successfully restarted in 97% of patients, and 41% of patients did not experience recurrence of thrombocytopenia for the duration of their survival. The major complication rate was 8%, with readmission following initial hospitalization for persistent "post-embolization syndrome" symptoms the most common.. In cancer patients with hypersplenism-related thrombocytopenia, PSAE is a safe intervention that effects a durable elevation in platelet counts across a range of malignancies and following the re-initiation of chemotherapy.. Postoperative CRP elevation was a better predictor of prognosis in patients with gastric cancer than the occurrence of intra-abdominal infectious complications.. In clinical practice, mixed-species malaria infections are often not detected by light microscopy (LM) or rapid diagnostic test, as a low number of parasites of one species may occur. Here, we report the case of an 8-year-old girl migrating with her family from Afghanistan with a two-species mixed infection with

Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetazolamide; Acrylates; Administration, Intravenous; Adolescent; Adult; Aerosols; Afghanistan; Aflatoxin M1; Agaricales; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agricultural Irrigation; Air Pollutants; alpha-L-Fucosidase; Amino Acid Sequence; Androgen Antagonists; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Artifacts; Autophagy; B7-H1 Antigen; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bariatric Surgery; Base Composition; Bayes Theorem; Bile; Bioelectric Energy Sources; Biosensing Techniques; Body Mass Index; Brain; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Bufo arenarum; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Cadmium; Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Carbonic Anhydrases; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Case-Control Studies; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Count; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Characiformes; Child; China; Cities; Cobalt; Colonic Neoplasms; Copper Sulfate; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Cytokines; Deoxycytidine; Diagnosis, Differential; Digestive System; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease Models, Animal; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; DNA, Bacterial; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Edetic Acid; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Embolization, Therapeutic; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Fatty Acids; Feces; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Food Contamination; Forkhead Box Protein M1; Fresh Water; Fungicides, Industrial; Gallium Isotopes; Gallium Radioisotopes; Gastrectomy; Gastric Bypass; Gastric Outlet Obstruction; Gastroplasty; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Markers; Genome, Bacterial; Genome, Mitochondrial; Glioma; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Goats; Gonads; Guatemala; Halomonadaceae; HEK293 Cells; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Hepacivirus; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; Hormones; Humans; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Hypersplenism; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Immunohistochemistry; Iran; Japan; Lactuca; Laparoscopy; Larva; Ligands; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphocyte Activation; Macrophages; Malaria; Male; Mercury; Metabolic Syndrome; Metals, Heavy; Mice; Middle Aged; Milk, Human; Mitochondria; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Mothers; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Muscles; Mutation; Nanocomposites; Nanotubes, Carbon; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Neuroimaging; Nitriles; Nitrogen Isotopes; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Obesity; Obesity, Morbid; Oligopeptides; Oxidation-Reduction; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Pepsinogen A; Pesticides; Pharmacogenetics; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plasmodium ovale; Plasmodium vivax; Platelet Count; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Domains; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pseudogenes; PTEN Phosphohydrolase; Pyrazoles; Pyrimidines; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats, Long-Evans; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptor, Notch3; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; Recombinant Proteins; Repressor Proteins; Resveratrol; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Salvage Therapy; Seasons; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Signal Transduction; Skin; Snails; Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase; Solutions; Spain; Species Specificity; Spheroids, Cellular; Splenic Artery; Stomach Neoplasms; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfonamides; Sunlight; Surface Properties; Surgical Instruments; Surgical Wound Infection; Survival Rate; Tetrahydrouridine; Thinness; Thrombocytopenia; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Turkey; Ubiquinone; Urologic Neoplasms; Viral Envelope Proteins; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Weather; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Young Adult

Atovaquone (AV) acts on the malaria parasite by competing with ubiquinol (UQH

Topics: Atovaquone; Humans; Malaria; Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Ubiquinone

Atovaquone is a new anti-malarial agent that specifically targets the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibits parasite respiration. A growing number of failures of this drug in the treatment of malaria have been genetically linked to point mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. To better understand the molecular basis of atovaquone resistance in malaria, we introduced five of these mutations, including the most prevalent variant found in Plasmodium falciparum (Y268S), into the cytochrome b gene of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and thus obtained cytochrome bc1 complexes resistant to inhibition by atovaquone. By modeling the variations in cytochrome b structure and atovaquone binding with the mutated bc1 complexes, we obtained the first quantitative explanation for the molecular basis of atovaquone resistance in malaria parasites.

Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antimalarials; Atovaquone; Cytochromes b; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electron Transport Complex III; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Kinetics; Malaria; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Naphthoquinones; Oxygen Consumption; Plasmodium falciparum; Point Mutation; Protein Binding; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Time Factors; Ubiquinone

Topics: Humans; Malaria; Ubiquinone

Knowledge of the biochemistry of Plasmodium is emerging as a new field. Previous studies showed that the parasite apparently requires electron transfer for energy, and techniques to study such energy mechanisms are available. The discovery of the existence of coenzyme Q(8) in Plasmodium implies an indispensable functionality for this redox entity in the electron transfer of the parasite, as coenzyme Q(n) similarily functions in other forms of life. Effective antimalarial activity in prophylaxis has been demonstrated in sporozoite-induced infections by Plasmodium gallinaceum in chicks by several representatives of 7-alkylmercapto-6-hydroxy-5,8-quinolinequinones. The absence of toxicity in this assay even at greatly elevated dosage underscores the achievement of selectivity and safety to the host for the potential utilization of antimetabolites of coenzyme Q(n) as medicinals. Seven new 7-alkylmercapto-6-hydroxy-5,8-quinoline-quinones were synthesized. The structural variations of the 7-alkylmercapto group in relationship to the antimalarial activities reveal substantial differences in biological activities, which can reflect molecular specificities of enzyme sites and which are not evident from the deceptively minor structural differences in the alkylmercapto groups. These analogs of coenzyme Q(8) having effective antimalarial activity are known to inhibit mammalian coenzyme Q(n) enzymes, and could be useful in elucidation of the basic electron transfer mechanisms of Plasmodium.

Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; Chickens; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electron Transport; Malaria; Mice; Plasmodium; Plasmodium berghei; Quinolines; Quinones; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Ubiquinone

Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; Antimetabolites; Chickens; In Vitro Techniques; Malaria; Mice; Mitochondria; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Plasmodium berghei; Quinones; Quinoxalines; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Ubiquinone

Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; Antimetabolites; Cattle; Chickens; Malaria; Mice; Mitochondria; NAD; Plasmodium berghei; Quinones; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Sulfides; Ubiquinone

Topics: Animals; Avian Sarcoma Viruses; Bacterial Infections; Chickens; Chloroquine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escherichia coli; Fatty Acids; Female; Friend murine leukemia virus; Lipids; Lipopolysaccharides; Liver Extracts; Malaria; Male; Mice; Mononuclear Phagocyte System; Neoplasms, Experimental; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella typhimurium; Sharks; Shock, Septic; Stimulation, Chemical; Ubiquinone

Topics: Alkylation; Animals; Antimalarials; Culicidae; Malaria; Mice; NAD; Oxidoreductases; Quinolines; Quinones; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Ubiquinone

Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; Malaria; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mitochondria; Naphthoquinones; Plasmodium; Ubiquinone

Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Blood; Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Culture Techniques; Erythrocytes; Haplorhini; Malaria; Plasmodium; Ubiquinone

Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Ducks; Malaria; Plasmodium; Spectrum Analysis; Ubiquinone; Vitamin K