ubiquinone and Liver-Cirrhosis

Unprecedented community containment measures were taken following the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy. The aim of the study was to explore the self-reported future compliance of citizens with such measures and its relationship with potentially impactful psychological variables.. An online survey was completed by 931 people (18-76 years) distributed across the Italian territory. In addition to demographics, five dimensions were measured: self-reported compliance with containment measures over time (today, at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days from now) at three hypothetical risk levels (10, 50, 90% of likelihood of contracting the COVID-19), perceived risk, generalized anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and relevance of several psychological needs whose satisfaction is currently precluded.. The duration of containment measures plays a crucial role in tackling the spread of the disease as people will be less compliant over time. Psychological needs of citizens impacting on the compliance should be taken into account when planning an easing of the lockdown, along with interventions for protecting vulnerable groups from mental distress.. La apendicitis aguda (AA) es la urgencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente. No encontramos estudios específicos que evalúen el impacto de la pandemia causada por el coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) sobre la AA y su tratamiento quirúrgico. Analizamos la influencia de esta nueva patología sobre la AA.. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes intervenidos por AA desde enero hasta abril de 2020. Fueron clasificados según el momento de la apendicectomía, antes de la declaración del estado de alarma (Pre-COVID19) y después de la declaración del estado de alarma (Post-COVID19) en España. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, duración de la sintomatología, tipo de apendicitis, tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones postoperatorias.. La pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 influye en el momento de diagnóstico de la apendicitis, así como en su grado de evolución y estancia hospitalaria. La peritonitis fue lo más frecuentemente observado. Una sospecha y orientación clínica más temprana, es necesaria para evitar un manejo inadecuado de este trastorno quirúrgico común.. The primary outcome is improvement in PaO. Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634).. None.. The gut barrier is crucial in cirrhosis in preventing infection-causing bacteria that normally live in the gut from accessing the liver and other organs via the bloodstream. Herein, we characterised gut inflammation by measuring different markers in stool samples from patients at different stages of cirrhosis and comparing this to healthy people. These markers, when compared with equivalent markers usually measured in blood, were found to be very different in pattern and absolute levels, suggesting that there is significant gut inflammation in cirrhosis related to different immune system pathways to that seen outside of the gut. This provides new insights into gut-specific immune disturbances that predispose to complications of cirrhosis, and emphasises that a better understanding of the gut-liver axis is necessary to develop better targeted therapies.. La surveillance de l’intervalle QT a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt durant la pandémie de la COVID-19 en raison de l’utilisation de médicaments prolongeant l’intervalle QT et les préoccupations quant à la transmission virale par les électrocardiogrammes (ECG) en série. Nous avons posé l’hypothèse que la surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT par télémétrie était associée à une meilleure détection des épisodes de prolongation de l’intervalle QT.. Nous avons introduit la télémétrie cardiaque en continu (TCC) à l’aide d’un algorithme de surveillance automatisée de l’intervalle QT dans nos unités de COVID-19. Les mesures automatisées quotidiennes de l’intervalle QT corrigé (auto-QTc) en fonction de la fréquence cardiaque maximale ont été enregistrées. Nous avons comparé la proportion des épisodes de prolongation marquée de l’intervalle QTc (QTc long), définie par un intervalle QTc ≥ 500 ms, chez les patients montrant une suspicion de COVID-19 ou ayant la COVID-19 qui avaient été admis avant et après la mise en place de la TCC (groupe témoin. La surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT est supérieure à la norme de soins dans la détection des épisodes de QTc long et exige peu d’ECG. La réponse clinique aux épisodes de QTc long est sous-optimale.. Exposure to a model wildfire air pollution source modifies cardiovascular responses to HC challenge, suggesting air pollution sensitizes the body to systemic triggers.. Though the majority of HIV-infected adults who were on HAART had shown viral suppression, the rate of suppression was sub-optimal according to the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to help end the AIDS pandemic by 2020. Nonetheless, the rate of immunological recovery in the study cohort was low. Hence, early initiation of HAART should be strengthened to achieve good virological suppression and immunological recovery.. Dust in Egyptian laying hen houses contains high concentrations of microorganisms and endotoxins, which might impair the health of birds and farmers when inhaled. Furthermore, laying hens in Egypt seem to be a reservoir for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Thus, farmers are at risk of exposure to ESBL-producing bacteria, and colonized hens might transmit these bacteria into the food chain.. The lack of significant differences in the absolute changes and relative ratios of injury and repair biomarkers by contrast-associated AKI status suggests that the majority of mild contrast-associated AKI cases may be driven by hemodynamic changes at the kidney.. Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.. PROSPERO database Identifier: CRD42016041953.. Untouched root canal at cross-section perimeter, the Hero 642 system showed 41.44% ± 5.62% and Reciproc R40 58.67% ± 12.39% without contact with instruments. Regarding the untouched area, Hero 642 system showed 22.78% ± 6.42% and Reciproc R40 34.35% ± 8.52%. Neither instrument achieved complete cross-sectional root canal debridement. Hero 642 system rotary taper 0.02 instruments achieved significant greater wall contact perimeter and area compared to reciprocate the Reciproc R40 taper 0.06 instrument.. Hero 642 achieved higher wall contact perimeter and area but, regardless of instrument size and taper, vital pulp during. The functional properties of the main mechanisms involved in the control of muscle Ca. This study showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of the iron-responsive product DHA in arthritis can be monitored by an iron-like radioactive tracer (. Attenuated vascular reactivity during pregnancy suggests that the systemic vasodilatory state partially depletes nitric oxide bioavailability. Preliminary data support the potential for MRI to identify vascular dysfunction in vivo that underlies PE. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:447-455.. La evaluación de riesgo es importante para predecir los resultados postoperatorios en pacientes con cáncer gastroesofágico. Este estudio de cohortes tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la composición corporal durante la quimioterapia neoadyuvante e investigar su asociación con complicaciones postoperatorias. MÉTODOS: Los pacientes consecutivos con cáncer gastroesofágico sometidos a quimioterapia neoadyuvante y cirugía con intención curativa entre 2016 y 2019, identificados a partir de una base de datos específica, se incluyeron en el estudio. Se utilizaron las imágenes de tomografía computarizada, antes y después de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, para evaluar el índice de masa muscular esquelética, la sarcopenia y el índice de grasa visceral y subcutánea.. In this in vitro premature infant lung model, HF oscillation of BCPAP was associated with improved CO. Our results showed that HPC significantly promotes neurogenesis after MCAO and ameliorates neuronal injury.. Inflammatory markers are highly related to signs of systemic hypoperfusion in CS. Moreover, high PCT and IL-6 levels are associated with poor prognosis.. These findings indicate that Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit has a protective potential against stroke through modulation of redox and electrolyte imbalances, and attenuation of neurotransmitter dysregulation and other neurochemical dysfunctions. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit could be a promising source for the discovery of bioactives for stroke therapy.

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiviral Agents; Aotidae; Apelin; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Argentina; Arginine; Artemisinins; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroscopy; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Asteraceae; Asthma; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Auditory Cortex; Autoantibodies; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Basketball; Beclin-1; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzofurans; Benzoxazines; Bereavement; beta Catenin; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Betacoronavirus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Evolution; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Biopsy; Bismuth; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Boron; Botrytis; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cameroon; Camptothecin; Candida; Candida albicans; Capillaries; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Carbapenems; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Carps; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Catalysis; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Centrosome; Ceratopogonidae; Chickens; Child; China; Cholera Toxin; Choline; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Chronic Disease; Cinnamates; Cities; Citrates; Climate Change; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Coal; Coal Mining; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Colchicine; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Common Cold; Complement Factor H; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Contrast Media; Coordination Complexes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Cosmetics; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crotonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Culicidae; Culture Media; Curcuma; Cyclopentanes; Cyclopropanes; Cymbopogon; Cystine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Databases, Genetic; Death; Dendritic Cells; Density Functional Theory; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diamond; Diarylheptanoids; Dibenzofurans; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Diclofenac; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Supplements; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dioxins; Diphenylamine; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Susceptibility; Disulfides; Dithiothreitol; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA Methylation; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Doublecortin Protein; Drosophila melanogaster; Droughts; Drug Carriers; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Dust; Dynactin Complex; Dysferlin; Echo-Planar Imaging; Echocardiography; Edaravone; Egypt; Elasticity; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Emodin; Emtricitabine; Endometriosis; Endothelium, Vascular; Endotoxins; Energy Metabolism; Energy Transfer; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epidemiologic Factors; Epigenesis, Genetic; Erythrocytes; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Vaccines; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Esophagogastric Junction; Esterases; Esterification; Ethanol; Ethiopia; Ethnicity; Eucalyptus; Evidence-Based Practice; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Family; Fatty Acids; Feedback; Female; Ferric Compounds; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Filtration; Fish Diseases; Flavonoids; Flavonols; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Follow-Up Studies; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Forests; Fossils; Free Radical Scavengers; Freund's Adjuvant; Fruit; Fungi; Gallium; Gender Identity; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, Plant; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genitalia; Genotype; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Glottis; Glucocorticoids; Glucose; Glucuronides; Glutathione Transferase; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Grassland; Guinea Pigs; Half-Life; Head Kidney; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Heart Septum; HEK293 Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hemodynamics; Hep G2 Cells; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Hepatocytes; Hesperidin; High-Frequency Ventilation; High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1; Hippocampus; Hirudins; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; HIV Infections; Homeostasis; Hominidae; Housing, Animal; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxybutyrates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hypertension; Hypothyroidism; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Immunoconjugates; Immunogenic Cell Death; Indoles; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Infrared Rays; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Injections, Intravenous; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Intermediate Filaments; Intermittent Claudication; Intestine, Small; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Iron; Isomerism; Isotope Labeling; Isoxazoles; Itraconazole; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Ketoprofen; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kinetics; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lactams, Macrocyclic; Lactobacillus; Lactulose; Lakes; Lamivudine; Laparoscopy; Laparotomy; Laryngoscopy; Leucine; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Listeria monocytogenes; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Losartan; Low Back Pain; Lung; Lupinus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Machine Learning; Macular Degeneration; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Magnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Mannans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mass Spectrometry; Melatonin; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins; Meniscectomy; Menisci, Tibial; Mephenytoin; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Metal Nanoparticles; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Nude; Mice, Obese; Mice, Transgenic; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microcirculation; MicroRNAs; Microscopy, Video; Microtubules; Microvascular Density; Microwaves; Middle Aged; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Models, Animal; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Models, Theoretical; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Morus; Mouth Floor; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; NAD; NADP; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Naphthols; Nasal Lavage Fluid; Nasal Mucosa; Neisseria meningitidis; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neural Stem Cells; Neuroblastoma; Neurofilament Proteins; Neurogenesis; Neurons; New York; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Nicotine; Nitriles; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Fixation; North America; Observer Variation; Occupational Exposure; Ochrobactrum; Oils, Volatile; Olea; Oligosaccharides; Omeprazole; Open Field Test; Optimism; Oregon; Oryzias; Osmolar Concentration; Osteoarthritis; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Oxadiazoles; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Ozone; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pakistan; Pandemics; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Patient-Centered Care; Pelargonium; Peptides; Perception; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Peroxides; Pets; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacogenetics; Phenobarbital; Phenols; Phenotype; Phosphates; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphines; Phospholipids; Phosphorus; Phosphorylation; Photoacoustic Techniques; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phylogeny; Phytoestrogens; Pilot Projects; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Plant Immunity; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium falciparum; Platelet Activation; Platelet Function Tests; Pneumonia, Viral; Poaceae; Pogostemon; Poloxamer; Poly I; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Polycyclic Compounds; Polyethylene Glycols; Polylysine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Population Dynamics; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Postoperative Complications; Postprandial Period; Potassium Cyanide; Predictive Value of Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Pregnancy; Prepulse Inhibition; Prevalence; Procalcitonin; Prodrugs; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Proline; Proof of Concept Study; Prospective Studies; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Domains; Protein Folding; Protein Multimerization; Protein Sorting Signals; Protein Structure, Secondary; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Protozoan Proteins; Psychometrics; Pulse Wave Analysis; Pyridines; Pyrrolidines; Quality of Life; Quantum Dots; Quinoxalines; Quorum Sensing; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rain; Random Allocation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptor, PAR-1; Receptors, CXCR4; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Receptors, Interleukin-17; Receptors, Notch; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Reducing Agents; Reflex, Startle; Regional Blood Flow; Regression Analysis; Reperfusion Injury; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Rituximab; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Rosmarinic Acid; Running; Ruthenium; Rutin; Sarcolemma; Sarcoma; Sarcopenia; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; SARS-CoV-2; Scavenger Receptors, Class A; Schools; Seasons; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Shock, Cardiogenic; Short Chain Dehydrogenase-Reductases; Signal Transduction; Silver; Singlet Oxygen; Sinusitis; Skin; Skin Absorption; Small Molecule Libraries; Smoke; Socioeconomic Factors; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Solid Phase Extraction; Solubility; Solvents; Spain; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Speech; Speech Perception; Spindle Poles; Spleen; Sporothrix; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism; Stomach Neoplasms; Stress, Physiological; Stroke Volume; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Sulfonamides; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival Rate; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Temperature; Tenofovir; Terpenes; Tetracycline; Tetrapleura; Textiles; Thermodynamics; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Thrombin; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tibial Meniscus Injuries; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Toluidines; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tooth; Tramadol; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Transgender Persons; Translations; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases; United Kingdom; United States; Up-Regulation; Vascular Stiffness; Veins; Ventricular Remodeling; Viral Load; Virulence Factors; Virus Replication; Vitis; Voice; Voice Quality; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Weather; Wildfires; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; X-Ray Diffraction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Young Adult; Zoogloea

Topics: Aging; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Monitoring; Electron Transport; Exercise; Heart Failure; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Liver Cirrhosis; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; Oxidative Stress; Reference Values; Specimen Handling; Ubiquinone

Unprecedented community containment measures were taken following the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy. The aim of the study was to explore the self-reported future compliance of citizens with such measures and its relationship with potentially impactful psychological variables.. An online survey was completed by 931 people (18-76 years) distributed across the Italian territory. In addition to demographics, five dimensions were measured: self-reported compliance with containment measures over time (today, at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days from now) at three hypothetical risk levels (10, 50, 90% of likelihood of contracting the COVID-19), perceived risk, generalized anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and relevance of several psychological needs whose satisfaction is currently precluded.. The duration of containment measures plays a crucial role in tackling the spread of the disease as people will be less compliant over time. Psychological needs of citizens impacting on the compliance should be taken into account when planning an easing of the lockdown, along with interventions for protecting vulnerable groups from mental distress.. La apendicitis aguda (AA) es la urgencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente. No encontramos estudios específicos que evalúen el impacto de la pandemia causada por el coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) sobre la AA y su tratamiento quirúrgico. Analizamos la influencia de esta nueva patología sobre la AA.. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes intervenidos por AA desde enero hasta abril de 2020. Fueron clasificados según el momento de la apendicectomía, antes de la declaración del estado de alarma (Pre-COVID19) y después de la declaración del estado de alarma (Post-COVID19) en España. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, duración de la sintomatología, tipo de apendicitis, tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones postoperatorias.. La pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 influye en el momento de diagnóstico de la apendicitis, así como en su grado de evolución y estancia hospitalaria. La peritonitis fue lo más frecuentemente observado. Una sospecha y orientación clínica más temprana, es necesaria para evitar un manejo inadecuado de este trastorno quirúrgico común.. The primary outcome is improvement in PaO. Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634).. None.. The gut barrier is crucial in cirrhosis in preventing infection-causing bacteria that normally live in the gut from accessing the liver and other organs via the bloodstream. Herein, we characterised gut inflammation by measuring different markers in stool samples from patients at different stages of cirrhosis and comparing this to healthy people. These markers, when compared with equivalent markers usually measured in blood, were found to be very different in pattern and absolute levels, suggesting that there is significant gut inflammation in cirrhosis related to different immune system pathways to that seen outside of the gut. This provides new insights into gut-specific immune disturbances that predispose to complications of cirrhosis, and emphasises that a better understanding of the gut-liver axis is necessary to develop better targeted therapies.. La surveillance de l’intervalle QT a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt durant la pandémie de la COVID-19 en raison de l’utilisation de médicaments prolongeant l’intervalle QT et les préoccupations quant à la transmission virale par les électrocardiogrammes (ECG) en série. Nous avons posé l’hypothèse que la surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT par télémétrie était associée à une meilleure détection des épisodes de prolongation de l’intervalle QT.. Nous avons introduit la télémétrie cardiaque en continu (TCC) à l’aide d’un algorithme de surveillance automatisée de l’intervalle QT dans nos unités de COVID-19. Les mesures automatisées quotidiennes de l’intervalle QT corrigé (auto-QTc) en fonction de la fréquence cardiaque maximale ont été enregistrées. Nous avons comparé la proportion des épisodes de prolongation marquée de l’intervalle QTc (QTc long), définie par un intervalle QTc ≥ 500 ms, chez les patients montrant une suspicion de COVID-19 ou ayant la COVID-19 qui avaient été admis avant et après la mise en place de la TCC (groupe témoin. La surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT est supérieure à la norme de soins dans la détection des épisodes de QTc long et exige peu d’ECG. La réponse clinique aux épisodes de QTc long est sous-optimale.. Exposure to a model wildfire air pollution source modifies cardiovascular responses to HC challenge, suggesting air pollution sensitizes the body to systemic triggers.. Though the majority of HIV-infected adults who were on HAART had shown viral suppression, the rate of suppression was sub-optimal according to the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to help end the AIDS pandemic by 2020. Nonetheless, the rate of immunological recovery in the study cohort was low. Hence, early initiation of HAART should be strengthened to achieve good virological suppression and immunological recovery.. Dust in Egyptian laying hen houses contains high concentrations of microorganisms and endotoxins, which might impair the health of birds and farmers when inhaled. Furthermore, laying hens in Egypt seem to be a reservoir for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Thus, farmers are at risk of exposure to ESBL-producing bacteria, and colonized hens might transmit these bacteria into the food chain.. The lack of significant differences in the absolute changes and relative ratios of injury and repair biomarkers by contrast-associated AKI status suggests that the majority of mild contrast-associated AKI cases may be driven by hemodynamic changes at the kidney.. Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.. PROSPERO database Identifier: CRD42016041953.. Untouched root canal at cross-section perimeter, the Hero 642 system showed 41.44% ± 5.62% and Reciproc R40 58.67% ± 12.39% without contact with instruments. Regarding the untouched area, Hero 642 system showed 22.78% ± 6.42% and Reciproc R40 34.35% ± 8.52%. Neither instrument achieved complete cross-sectional root canal debridement. Hero 642 system rotary taper 0.02 instruments achieved significant greater wall contact perimeter and area compared to reciprocate the Reciproc R40 taper 0.06 instrument.. Hero 642 achieved higher wall contact perimeter and area but, regardless of instrument size and taper, vital pulp during. The functional properties of the main mechanisms involved in the control of muscle Ca. This study showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of the iron-responsive product DHA in arthritis can be monitored by an iron-like radioactive tracer (. Attenuated vascular reactivity during pregnancy suggests that the systemic vasodilatory state partially depletes nitric oxide bioavailability. Preliminary data support the potential for MRI to identify vascular dysfunction in vivo that underlies PE. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:447-455.. La evaluación de riesgo es importante para predecir los resultados postoperatorios en pacientes con cáncer gastroesofágico. Este estudio de cohortes tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la composición corporal durante la quimioterapia neoadyuvante e investigar su asociación con complicaciones postoperatorias. MÉTODOS: Los pacientes consecutivos con cáncer gastroesofágico sometidos a quimioterapia neoadyuvante y cirugía con intención curativa entre 2016 y 2019, identificados a partir de una base de datos específica, se incluyeron en el estudio. Se utilizaron las imágenes de tomografía computarizada, antes y después de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, para evaluar el índice de masa muscular esquelética, la sarcopenia y el índice de grasa visceral y subcutánea.. In this in vitro premature infant lung model, HF oscillation of BCPAP was associated with improved CO. Our results showed that HPC significantly promotes neurogenesis after MCAO and ameliorates neuronal injury.. Inflammatory markers are highly related to signs of systemic hypoperfusion in CS. Moreover, high PCT and IL-6 levels are associated with poor prognosis.. These findings indicate that Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit has a protective potential against stroke through modulation of redox and electrolyte imbalances, and attenuation of neurotransmitter dysregulation and other neurochemical dysfunctions. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit could be a promising source for the discovery of bioactives for stroke therapy.

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiviral Agents; Aotidae; Apelin; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Argentina; Arginine; Artemisinins; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroscopy; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Asteraceae; Asthma; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Auditory Cortex; Autoantibodies; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Basketball; Beclin-1; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzofurans; Benzoxazines; Bereavement; beta Catenin; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Betacoronavirus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Evolution; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Biopsy; Bismuth; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Boron; Botrytis; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cameroon; Camptothecin; Candida; Candida albicans; Capillaries; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Carbapenems; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Carps; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Catalysis; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Centrosome; Ceratopogonidae; Chickens; Child; China; Cholera Toxin; Choline; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Chronic Disease; Cinnamates; Cities; Citrates; Climate Change; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Coal; Coal Mining; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Colchicine; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Common Cold; Complement Factor H; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Contrast Media; Coordination Complexes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Cosmetics; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crotonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Culicidae; Culture Media; Curcuma; Cyclopentanes; Cyclopropanes; Cymbopogon; Cystine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Databases, Genetic; Death; Dendritic Cells; Density Functional Theory; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diamond; Diarylheptanoids; Dibenzofurans; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Diclofenac; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Supplements; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dioxins; Diphenylamine; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Susceptibility; Disulfides; Dithiothreitol; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA Methylation; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Doublecortin Protein; Drosophila melanogaster; Droughts; Drug Carriers; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Dust; Dynactin Complex; Dysferlin; Echo-Planar Imaging; Echocardiography; Edaravone; Egypt; Elasticity; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Emodin; Emtricitabine; Endometriosis; Endothelium, Vascular; Endotoxins; Energy Metabolism; Energy Transfer; 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Genitalia; Genotype; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Glottis; Glucocorticoids; Glucose; Glucuronides; Glutathione Transferase; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Grassland; Guinea Pigs; Half-Life; Head Kidney; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Heart Septum; HEK293 Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hemodynamics; Hep G2 Cells; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Hepatocytes; Hesperidin; High-Frequency Ventilation; High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1; Hippocampus; Hirudins; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; HIV Infections; Homeostasis; Hominidae; Housing, Animal; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxybutyrates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hypertension; Hypothyroidism; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Immunoconjugates; Immunogenic Cell Death; Indoles; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; 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Pyridines; Pyrrolidines; Quality of Life; Quantum Dots; Quinoxalines; Quorum Sensing; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rain; Random Allocation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptor, PAR-1; Receptors, CXCR4; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Receptors, Interleukin-17; Receptors, Notch; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Reducing Agents; Reflex, Startle; Regional Blood Flow; Regression Analysis; Reperfusion Injury; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Rituximab; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Rosmarinic Acid; Running; Ruthenium; Rutin; Sarcolemma; Sarcoma; Sarcopenia; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; SARS-CoV-2; Scavenger Receptors, Class A; Schools; Seasons; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Shock, Cardiogenic; Short Chain Dehydrogenase-Reductases; Signal Transduction; Silver; Singlet Oxygen; Sinusitis; Skin; Skin Absorption; Small Molecule Libraries; Smoke; Socioeconomic Factors; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Solid Phase Extraction; Solubility; Solvents; Spain; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Speech; Speech Perception; Spindle Poles; Spleen; Sporothrix; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism; Stomach Neoplasms; Stress, Physiological; Stroke Volume; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Sulfonamides; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival Rate; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Temperature; Tenofovir; Terpenes; Tetracycline; Tetrapleura; Textiles; Thermodynamics; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Thrombin; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tibial Meniscus Injuries; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Toluidines; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tooth; Tramadol; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Transgender Persons; Translations; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases; United Kingdom; United States; Up-Regulation; Vascular Stiffness; Veins; Ventricular Remodeling; Viral Load; Virulence Factors; Virus Replication; Vitis; Voice; Voice Quality; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Weather; Wildfires; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; X-Ray Diffraction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Young Adult; Zoogloea

Shc expression rises in human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) livers, and Shc-deficient mice are protected from NASH-thus Shc inhibition could be a novel therapeutic strategy for NASH. Idebenone was recently identified as the first small-molecule Shc inhibitor drug. We tested idebenone in the fibrotic methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet and the metabolic fast food diet (FFD) mouse models of NASH. In the fibrotic MCD NASH model, idebenone reduced Shc expression and phosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and Shc expression in the liver; decreased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase; and attenuated liver fibrosis as observed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and hydroxyproline quantification. In the metabolic FFD model, idebenone administration improved insulin resistance, and reduced inflammation and fibrosis shown with qPCR, hydroxyproline measurement, and histology. Thus, idebenone ameliorates NASH in two mouse models. As an approved drug with a benign safety profile, Idebenone could be a reasonable human NASH therapy.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Choline Deficiency; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; Fast Foods; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Phosphorylation; Protective Agents; Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins; Signal Transduction; Therapeutics; Ubiquinone

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Cytokines; Fibrosis; Hemodynamics; Hepatitis; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spleen; Ubiquinone

The present study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effects of coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) administration on methotrexate induced lung and liver fibrosis in rat model, and to explore our hypothesis regarding its possible mechanism of action through reactivation of autophagy pathway. Methotrexate induced fibrosis was achieved by intraperitoneal injections twice a week for 4 weeks. A combined treatment of CoQ10 and methotrexate were used. Blood samples for biochemical analysis, lung and livers tissue for biochemical and histopathological analysis, were investigated. Concomitant treatment of CoQ10 & methotrexate caused improvement in histological picture of the lung and liver tissues, liver function and oxidative stress biomarkers, modulation of autophagy genes [mammalian target of rapamycin (m-TOR), Microtubule-associated proteins 1 A/1B light chain 3 (MAP1LC3B), and Sequestosome 1 ubiquitin-binding protein p62 (p62/SQSTM1)] with simultaneous reduction in High Mobility Group Protein B1 (HMGB1). Based on our results we postulated that CoQ10 up regulates autophagy pathway that could explain its protective properties against lung and liver fibrosis caused by methotrexate treatment in current study rat model.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Autophagy; Enzyme Inhibitors; Liver Cirrhosis; Lung; Male; Methotrexate; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ubiquinone

It is well established that low birth weight and accelerated postnatal growth increase the risk of liver dysfunction in later life. However, molecular mechanisms underlying such developmental programming are not well characterized, and potential intervention strategies are poorly defined.. We tested the hypotheses that poor maternal nutrition and accelerated postnatal growth would lead to increased hepatic fibrosis (a pathological marker of liver dysfunction) and that postnatal supplementation with the antioxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) would prevent this programmed phenotype.. A rat model of maternal protein restriction was used to generate low-birth-weight offspring that underwent accelerated postnatal growth (termed "recuperated"). These were compared with control rats. Offspring were weaned onto standard feed pellets with or without dietary CoQ10 (1 mg/kg body weight per day) supplementation. At 12 mo, hepatic fibrosis, indexes of inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin signaling were measured by histology, Western blot, ELISA, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.. Hepatic collagen deposition (diameter of deposit) was greater in recuperated offspring (mean ± SEM: 12 ± 2 μm) than in controls (5 ± 0.5 μm) (P < 0.001). This was associated with greater inflammation (interleukin 6: 38% ± 24% increase; P < 0.05; tumor necrosis factor α: 64% ± 24% increase; P < 0.05), lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxynonenal, measured by ELISA: 0.30 ± 0.02 compared with 0.19 ± 0.05 μg/mL per μg protein; P < 0.05), and hyperinsulinemia (P < 0.05). CoQ10 supplementation increased (P < 0.01) hepatic CoQ10 concentrations and ameliorated liver fibrosis (P < 0.001), inflammation (P < 0.001), some measures of oxidative stress (P < 0.001), and hyperinsulinemia (P < 0.01).. Suboptimal in utero nutrition combined with accelerated postnatal catch-up growth caused more hepatic fibrosis in adulthood, which was associated with higher indexes of oxidative stress and inflammation and hyperinsulinemia. CoQ10 supplementation prevented liver fibrosis accompanied by downregulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperinsulinemia.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cytokines; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Dietary Supplements; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation; Hepatitis; Hyperinsulinism; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Malnutrition; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Oxidative Stress; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Rats, Wistar; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Ubiquinone; Weaning

The present study investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of individual and combined doses of idebenone, carnosine and vitamin E on ameliorating some of the biochemical indices of nano-sized titanium dioxide (n-TiO2) in mice liver.. The in vitro cytotoxic effect of nano-sized anatase TiO2 (21 nm) on hepatic cell lines (HepG 2) was investigated. Additionally, n-TiO2 was orally administered (150 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks, followed by a daily intragastric gavage of the aforementioned antioxidants for 1 month.. n-TiO2 induced significant cytotoxicity in hepatic cell lines and elevated the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatic total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels. Meanwhile, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly reduced. Moreover, RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that n-TiO2 significantly altered the mRNA and protein expressions of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1) and Smad-2, as well as vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF). Histopathological examination of hepatic tissue reinforced these results.. Idebenone, carnosine and vitamin E ameliorated the deviated parameters with the combination regimen demonstrating the most pronounced effect. Oxidative stress, liver fibrosis and angiogenesis may be implicated in n-TiO2-induced liver toxicity.

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carnosine; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Glutathione Transferase; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mice; Nitrates; Nitrites; Smad2 Protein; Titanium; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Ubiquinone; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vitamin E

Diets high in saturated fat and fructose have been implicated in the development of obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in humans. We hypothesized that mice exposed to a similar diet would develop NASH with fibrosis associated with increased hepatic oxidative stress that would be further reflected by increased plasma levels of the respiratory chain component, oxidized coenzyme Q9 ((ox)CoQ9). Adult male C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to chow, high-fat (HF), or high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diets for 16 weeks. The chow and HF mice had free access to pure water, whereas the HFHC group received water with 55% fructose and 45% sucrose (wt/vol). The HFHC and HF groups had increased body weight, body fat mass, fasting glucose, and were insulin-resistant compared with chow mice. HF and HFHC consumed similar calories. Hepatic triglyceride content, plasma alanine aminotransferase, and liver weight were significantly increased in HF and HFHC mice compared with chow mice. Plasma cholesterol (P < 0.001), histological hepatic fibrosis, liver hydroxyproline content (P = 0.006), collagen 1 messenger RNA (P = 0.003), CD11b-F4/80+Gr1+ monocytes (P < 0.0001), transforming growth factor beta1 mRNA (P = 0.04), and alpha-smooth muscle actin messenger RNA (P = 0.001) levels were significantly increased in HFHC mice. Hepatic oxidative stress, as indicated by liver superoxide expression (P = 0.002), 4-hydroxynonenal, and plasma (ox)CoQ9 (P < 0.001) levels, was highest in HFHC mice.. These findings demonstrate that nongenetically modified mice maintained on an HFHC diet in addition to developing obesity have increased hepatic ROS and a NASH-like phenotype with significant fibrosis. Plasma (ox)CoQ9 correlated with fibrosis progression. The mechanism of fibrosis may involve fructose inducing increased ROS associated with CD11b+F4/80+Gr1+ hepatic macrophage aggregation, resulting in transforming growth factor beta1-signaled collagen deposition and histologically visible hepatic fibrosis.

Topics: Animals; Body Composition; Collagen; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Liver; Fructose; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Reactive Oxygen Species; Trans Fatty Acids; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Ubiquinone

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an endogenous antioxidant, is important in oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. It has anti-diabetic and anti-cardiovascular disease effects, but its ability to protect against liver fibrosis has not been studied. Here, we assessed the ability of solubilized CoQ10 to improve dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver fibrogenesis in mice. DMN treatments for 3 weeks produced a marked liver fibrosis as assessed by histopathological examination and tissue 4-hydroxyproline content. Solubilized CoQ10 (10 and 30 mg/kg) significantly inhibited both the increases in fibrosis score and 4-hydroxyproline content induced by DMN. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses revealed that solubilized CoQ10 inhibited increases in the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein by DMN. Interestingly, hepatic glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) and glutathione S-transferase A2 (GSTA2) were up-regulated in mice treated with CoQ10. Solubilized CoQ10 also up-regulated antioxidant enzymes such as catalytic subunits of GCL and GSTA2 via activating NF-E2 related factor2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) in H4IIE hepatoma cells. Moreover, CoQ10's inhibition of alpha-SMA and TGF-beta1 expressions disappeared in Nrf2-null MEF cells. In contrast, Nrf2 overexpression significantly decreased the basal expression levels of alpha-SMA and TGF-beta1 in Nrf2-null MEF cells. These results demonstrated that solubilized CoQ10 inhibited DMN-induced liver fibrosis through suppression of TGF-beta1 expression via Nrf2/ARE activation.

Topics: Actins; Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Line, Tumor; DNA Primers; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Rats; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Solubility; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Ubiquinone

The aim of the present study was to examine the systemic parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidants in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and investigate the relationship between these parameters and clinical and biochemical outcomes.. Fifty-one male patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (group I), 30 age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy male subjects, and 30 age-matched male patients with chronic viral hepatitis (group II) were enrolled in the study.. Increased systemic levels of malondialdehyde and depletion of antioxidants such as coenzyme Q10, CuZn-superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity were observed in group I. Coenzyme Q10 and CuZn-superoxide dismutase correlated negatively with increasing necroinflammatory activity and fibrosis. Body fat was negatively associated with plasma coenzyme Q10 levels, while an inverse association was found between plasma catalase levels and TG. However, LDL was positively associated with plasma malondialdehyde levels. CuZn-superoxide dismutase levels were negatively associated with glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. In addition, the levels of CuZn-superoxide dismutase correlated significantly in a negative manner with BMI.. Our results concerning correlations suggest that disturbances in BMI, body fat, and lipid metabolism may contribute to altered oxidative status in NAFLD, and insulin resistance may be related to decreased antioxidants in NAFLD as well as products of lipid peroxidation. However, although our results suggest interesting correlations, this different mostly "weak" relationships must be taken with caution.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Catalase; Coenzymes; Complement C3a; Fatty Liver; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Reference Values; Statistics as Topic; Superoxide Dismutase; Ubiquinone

To assess the degree of oxidative stress, we measured plasma ubiquinone-10 percentage (%CoQ-10) in total amounts of ubiquinone-10 in patients with chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and in age-matched control subjects, %CoQ-10 values were 12.9 +/- 10.3 (n = 28), 10.6 +/- 6.8 (n = 28), 18.9 +/- 11.1 (n = 20), and 6.4 +/- 3.3 (n = 16), respectively, showing a significant increase in oxidative stress in patient groups as compared to control subjects. There were no differences in total amounts of ubiquinone-10 and ubiquinol-10 among the four groups. We next measured %CoQ-10 in plasmas obtained from nine patients treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Plasmas were collected when hospitalized, and at the time (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hr, and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 days) after the PTCA. %CoQ-10 values before and right after PTCA were 9.9 +/- 2.8 and 11.4 +/- 2.0, respectively, reached a maximum (20-45) at 1 or 2 days later, and decreased to 7.9 +/- 2.7 at 7 days after PTCA, indicating an increase in oxidative stress in patients during coronary reperfusion.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Bilirubin; Biomarkers; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carotenoids; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Lycopene; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Reference Values; Ubiquinone; Uric Acid; Vitamin E

We have applied our method for the simultaneous detection of plasma ubiquinol-10 (reduced form) and ubiquinone-10 (oxidized form) (S. Yamashita and Y. Yamamoto, Anal. Biochem. 250, 66-73, 1997) to plasmas of normal subjects (n = 16) and patients with chronic active hepatitis (n = 28), liver cirrhosis (n = 16), and hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 20) to evaluate the pressure of oxidative stress in these patients. The average ubiquinone-10 percentages (+/- S.D.) in total ubiquinone-10 and ubiquinol-10 in the four groups were 6.4 +/- 3.3, 12.9 +/- 10.3, 10.6 +/- 6.8, and 18.9 +/- 11.1, respectively, indicating a significant increase in ubiquinone-10 percentage in patient groups in comparison to normal subjects. These results and a significant decrease in the plasma ascorbate level in patient groups indicate that oxidative stress is evident after the onset of hepatitis and the subsequent cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Biomarkers; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carotenoids; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Esters; Female; Hepatitis, Chronic; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Lycopene; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

Oxidative stress is defined as a disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former and has been suggested to be a relevant factor in aging as well as in different pathological conditions, such as heart attack, diabetes, and cancer. Ubiquinol is very sensitive against oxygen radicals and gives ubiquinone as an oxidation product. Therefore, the ratio of ubiquinol to ubiquinone should be a good marker of oxidative stress because of its definition. A method for the simultaneous detection of ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 in human plasma is described. Heparinized human plasma was mixed with 5 volumes of methanol and 10 volumes of hexane. After vigorous shaking and centrifugation, the hexane phase (5 microliters) was injected immediately and directly on to reverse-phase HPLC equipped with an on-line reduction column and an electrochemical detector in order to avoid the oxidation of ubiquinol to ubiquinone. It was found that the ratio of ubiquinol-10 to ubiquinone-10 was about 95/5 in human plasma from healthy donors. A significant increase in the oxidized form (ubiquinone-10) content was observed in plasmas of patients with hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma when compared with normal subjects, suggesting increased oxidative stress in these patients.

Topics: Biomarkers; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coenzymes; Electrochemistry; Hepatitis; Hexanes; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Diseases; Liver Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Solvents; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

Ubiquinone (CoQ10 coenzyme) is part of the respiratory chain in mitochondria, and acts as a scavenger in oxidative stress in cell membranes. Ubiquinone is mainly synthesized in the liver and partly derived from the diet; its plasma levels significantly correlate with tissue levels in experimental animals and in pathological states in man. By means of an original high-performance liquid chromatography technique, we measured ubiquinone plasma levels in 10 healthy subjects, in 27 patients with cirrhosis and in 22 chronic alcoholics with normal liver function. Ubiquinone levels were markedly reduced in cirrhosis (0.25 [SD 0.21] microgram/ml vs. 0.92 [0.38] in controls; P < 0.001), without any difference between alcohol- and non-alcohol-related disease. Also, in chronic alcoholics ubiquinone levels were nearly halved (0.49 [0.24]). In cirrhosis, ubiquinone plasma levels significantly correlated with cholesterol (P < 0.05), and with total bilirubin levels (P < 0.01). Our study highlights a remarkable deficiency in ubiquinone levels in patients with cirrhosis and in chronic alcoholics, to which both reduced hepatic synthesis and nutritional defects may contribute.

Topics: Alcoholism; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic; Male; Middle Aged; Ubiquinone

Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coronary Disease; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Specimen Handling; Ubiquinone

In the cirrhotic rat liver induced by carbon tetrachloride and phenobarbitone, the concentrations of mitochondrial Coenzyme Q were measured in comparison with other respiratory components. The concentration of cytochrome a(+a3) and Coenzyme Q significantly increased in the cirrhotic liver, without any changes in the ratio of Coenzyme Q to cytochrome a(+a3). It is suggested that such increase of Coenzyme Q plays an important role as one of the adaptive responses to compensate for the prolonged metabolic overload on the mitochondrial respiratory assembly. Also, from the findings that the concentrations of cytochrome a(+a3) in the mitochondria of cirrhotic liver increase concomitant with the severity of cirrhosis, it is suggested that the rise of Coenzyme Q levels may be one of the indicators for the decreased functional reserve capacity in liver cirrhosis.

Topics: Animals; Carbon Tetrachloride; Electron Transport Complex IV; Liver Cirrhosis; Mitochondria, Liver; Oxygen Consumption; Phenobarbital; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Ubiquinone