ubiquinone and Cardiovascular-Diseases

Dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This metabolic anomality is implicated in the generation of oxidative stress, an inevitable process involved in destructive mechanisms leading to myocardial damage. Fortunately, commonly used drugs like statins can counteract the detrimental effects of dyslipidemia by lowering cholesterol to reduce CVD-risk in patients with T2D. Statins mainly function by blocking the production of cholesterol by targeting the mevalonate pathway. However, by blocking cholesterol synthesis, statins coincidently inhibit the synthesis of other essential isoprenoid intermediates of the mevalonate pathway like farnesyl pyrophosphate and coenzyme Q

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dyslipidemias; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Mevalonic Acid; Ubiquinone

Mitochondrial ATP production requires a small electron carrier, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which has been used as adjunctive therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension (HTN) because of its bioenergetics and antioxidant properties. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) beyond the last 2 decades evaluating CoQ10 added to conventional therapy resulted in mixed results and were underpowered to address major clinical endpoints.. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of CoQ10 supplementation on older adults with CVD or HTN in the last 2 decades (2000-2020).. PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Database, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases were searched systematically, and references from selected studies were manually reviewed, to identify RCTs or crossover studies evaluating the efficacy of CoQ10 supplementation. Data extracted from selected studies included trial design and duration, treatment, dose, participant characteristics, study variables, and important findings.. A total of 14 studies (1067 participants) met the inclusion criteria. The effect of CoQ10 supplementation was examined among predominantly older adult males with heart failure (HF) (n = 6), HTN (n = 4), and ischemic heart disease (n = 3), and preoperatively in patients scheduled for cardiac surgery (n = 1). CoQ10 supplementation in patients with HF improved functional capacity, increased serum CoQ10 concentrations, and led to fewer major adverse cardiovascular events. CoQ10 had positive quantifiable effects on inflammatory markers in patients with ischemic heart disease. Myocardial hemodynamics improved in patients who received CoQ10 supplementation before cardiac surgery. Effects on HTN were inconclusive.. In predominantly older adult males with CVD or HTN, CoQ10 supplementation added to conventional therapy is safe and offers benefits clinically and at the cellular level. However, results of the trials need to be viewed with caution, and further studies are indicated before widespread usage of CoQ10 is recommended in all older adults.

Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Ubiquinone

Unprecedented community containment measures were taken following the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy. The aim of the study was to explore the self-reported future compliance of citizens with such measures and its relationship with potentially impactful psychological variables.. An online survey was completed by 931 people (18-76 years) distributed across the Italian territory. In addition to demographics, five dimensions were measured: self-reported compliance with containment measures over time (today, at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days from now) at three hypothetical risk levels (10, 50, 90% of likelihood of contracting the COVID-19), perceived risk, generalized anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and relevance of several psychological needs whose satisfaction is currently precluded.. The duration of containment measures plays a crucial role in tackling the spread of the disease as people will be less compliant over time. Psychological needs of citizens impacting on the compliance should be taken into account when planning an easing of the lockdown, along with interventions for protecting vulnerable groups from mental distress.. La apendicitis aguda (AA) es la urgencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente. No encontramos estudios específicos que evalúen el impacto de la pandemia causada por el coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) sobre la AA y su tratamiento quirúrgico. Analizamos la influencia de esta nueva patología sobre la AA.. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes intervenidos por AA desde enero hasta abril de 2020. Fueron clasificados según el momento de la apendicectomía, antes de la declaración del estado de alarma (Pre-COVID19) y después de la declaración del estado de alarma (Post-COVID19) en España. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, duración de la sintomatología, tipo de apendicitis, tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones postoperatorias.. La pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 influye en el momento de diagnóstico de la apendicitis, así como en su grado de evolución y estancia hospitalaria. La peritonitis fue lo más frecuentemente observado. Una sospecha y orientación clínica más temprana, es necesaria para evitar un manejo inadecuado de este trastorno quirúrgico común.. The primary outcome is improvement in PaO. Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634).. None.. The gut barrier is crucial in cirrhosis in preventing infection-causing bacteria that normally live in the gut from accessing the liver and other organs via the bloodstream. Herein, we characterised gut inflammation by measuring different markers in stool samples from patients at different stages of cirrhosis and comparing this to healthy people. These markers, when compared with equivalent markers usually measured in blood, were found to be very different in pattern and absolute levels, suggesting that there is significant gut inflammation in cirrhosis related to different immune system pathways to that seen outside of the gut. This provides new insights into gut-specific immune disturbances that predispose to complications of cirrhosis, and emphasises that a better understanding of the gut-liver axis is necessary to develop better targeted therapies.. La surveillance de l’intervalle QT a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt durant la pandémie de la COVID-19 en raison de l’utilisation de médicaments prolongeant l’intervalle QT et les préoccupations quant à la transmission virale par les électrocardiogrammes (ECG) en série. Nous avons posé l’hypothèse que la surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT par télémétrie était associée à une meilleure détection des épisodes de prolongation de l’intervalle QT.. Nous avons introduit la télémétrie cardiaque en continu (TCC) à l’aide d’un algorithme de surveillance automatisée de l’intervalle QT dans nos unités de COVID-19. Les mesures automatisées quotidiennes de l’intervalle QT corrigé (auto-QTc) en fonction de la fréquence cardiaque maximale ont été enregistrées. Nous avons comparé la proportion des épisodes de prolongation marquée de l’intervalle QTc (QTc long), définie par un intervalle QTc ≥ 500 ms, chez les patients montrant une suspicion de COVID-19 ou ayant la COVID-19 qui avaient été admis avant et après la mise en place de la TCC (groupe témoin. La surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT est supérieure à la norme de soins dans la détection des épisodes de QTc long et exige peu d’ECG. La réponse clinique aux épisodes de QTc long est sous-optimale.. Exposure to a model wildfire air pollution source modifies cardiovascular responses to HC challenge, suggesting air pollution sensitizes the body to systemic triggers.. Though the majority of HIV-infected adults who were on HAART had shown viral suppression, the rate of suppression was sub-optimal according to the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to help end the AIDS pandemic by 2020. Nonetheless, the rate of immunological recovery in the study cohort was low. Hence, early initiation of HAART should be strengthened to achieve good virological suppression and immunological recovery.. Dust in Egyptian laying hen houses contains high concentrations of microorganisms and endotoxins, which might impair the health of birds and farmers when inhaled. Furthermore, laying hens in Egypt seem to be a reservoir for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Thus, farmers are at risk of exposure to ESBL-producing bacteria, and colonized hens might transmit these bacteria into the food chain.. The lack of significant differences in the absolute changes and relative ratios of injury and repair biomarkers by contrast-associated AKI status suggests that the majority of mild contrast-associated AKI cases may be driven by hemodynamic changes at the kidney.. Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.. PROSPERO database Identifier: CRD42016041953.. Untouched root canal at cross-section perimeter, the Hero 642 system showed 41.44% ± 5.62% and Reciproc R40 58.67% ± 12.39% without contact with instruments. Regarding the untouched area, Hero 642 system showed 22.78% ± 6.42% and Reciproc R40 34.35% ± 8.52%. Neither instrument achieved complete cross-sectional root canal debridement. Hero 642 system rotary taper 0.02 instruments achieved significant greater wall contact perimeter and area compared to reciprocate the Reciproc R40 taper 0.06 instrument.. Hero 642 achieved higher wall contact perimeter and area but, regardless of instrument size and taper, vital pulp during. The functional properties of the main mechanisms involved in the control of muscle Ca. This study showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of the iron-responsive product DHA in arthritis can be monitored by an iron-like radioactive tracer (. Attenuated vascular reactivity during pregnancy suggests that the systemic vasodilatory state partially depletes nitric oxide bioavailability. Preliminary data support the potential for MRI to identify vascular dysfunction in vivo that underlies PE. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:447-455.. La evaluación de riesgo es importante para predecir los resultados postoperatorios en pacientes con cáncer gastroesofágico. Este estudio de cohortes tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la composición corporal durante la quimioterapia neoadyuvante e investigar su asociación con complicaciones postoperatorias. MÉTODOS: Los pacientes consecutivos con cáncer gastroesofágico sometidos a quimioterapia neoadyuvante y cirugía con intención curativa entre 2016 y 2019, identificados a partir de una base de datos específica, se incluyeron en el estudio. Se utilizaron las imágenes de tomografía computarizada, antes y después de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, para evaluar el índice de masa muscular esquelética, la sarcopenia y el índice de grasa visceral y subcutánea.. In this in vitro premature infant lung model, HF oscillation of BCPAP was associated with improved CO. Our results showed that HPC significantly promotes neurogenesis after MCAO and ameliorates neuronal injury.. Inflammatory markers are highly related to signs of systemic hypoperfusion in CS. Moreover, high PCT and IL-6 levels are associated with poor prognosis.. These findings indicate that Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit has a protective potential against stroke through modulation of redox and electrolyte imbalances, and attenuation of neurotransmitter dysregulation and other neurochemical dysfunctions. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit could be a promising source for the discovery of bioactives for stroke therapy.

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiviral Agents; Aotidae; Apelin; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Argentina; Arginine; Artemisinins; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroscopy; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Asteraceae; Asthma; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Auditory Cortex; Autoantibodies; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Basketball; Beclin-1; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzofurans; Benzoxazines; Bereavement; beta Catenin; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Betacoronavirus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Evolution; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Biopsy; Bismuth; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Boron; Botrytis; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cameroon; Camptothecin; Candida; Candida albicans; Capillaries; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Carbapenems; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Carps; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Catalysis; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Centrosome; Ceratopogonidae; Chickens; Child; China; Cholera Toxin; Choline; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Chronic Disease; Cinnamates; Cities; Citrates; Climate Change; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Coal; Coal Mining; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Colchicine; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Common Cold; Complement Factor H; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Contrast Media; Coordination Complexes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Cosmetics; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crotonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Culicidae; Culture Media; Curcuma; Cyclopentanes; Cyclopropanes; Cymbopogon; Cystine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Databases, Genetic; Death; Dendritic Cells; Density Functional Theory; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diamond; Diarylheptanoids; Dibenzofurans; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Diclofenac; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Supplements; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dioxins; Diphenylamine; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Susceptibility; Disulfides; Dithiothreitol; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA Methylation; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Doublecortin Protein; Drosophila melanogaster; Droughts; Drug Carriers; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Dust; Dynactin Complex; Dysferlin; Echo-Planar Imaging; Echocardiography; Edaravone; Egypt; Elasticity; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Emodin; Emtricitabine; Endometriosis; Endothelium, Vascular; Endotoxins; Energy Metabolism; Energy Transfer; 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Genitalia; Genotype; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Glottis; Glucocorticoids; Glucose; Glucuronides; Glutathione Transferase; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Grassland; Guinea Pigs; Half-Life; Head Kidney; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Heart Septum; HEK293 Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hemodynamics; Hep G2 Cells; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Hepatocytes; Hesperidin; High-Frequency Ventilation; High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1; Hippocampus; Hirudins; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; HIV Infections; Homeostasis; Hominidae; Housing, Animal; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxybutyrates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hypertension; Hypothyroidism; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Immunoconjugates; Immunogenic Cell Death; Indoles; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Infrared Rays; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Injections, Intravenous; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Intermediate Filaments; Intermittent Claudication; Intestine, Small; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Iron; Isomerism; Isotope Labeling; Isoxazoles; Itraconazole; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Ketoprofen; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kinetics; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lactams, Macrocyclic; Lactobacillus; Lactulose; Lakes; Lamivudine; Laparoscopy; Laparotomy; Laryngoscopy; Leucine; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Listeria monocytogenes; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Losartan; Low Back Pain; Lung; Lupinus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Machine Learning; Macular Degeneration; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Magnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Mannans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mass Spectrometry; 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Plant Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium falciparum; Platelet Activation; Platelet Function Tests; Pneumonia, Viral; Poaceae; Pogostemon; Poloxamer; Poly I; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Polycyclic Compounds; Polyethylene Glycols; Polylysine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Population Dynamics; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Postoperative Complications; Postprandial Period; Potassium Cyanide; Predictive Value of Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Pregnancy; Prepulse Inhibition; Prevalence; Procalcitonin; Prodrugs; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Proline; Proof of Concept Study; Prospective Studies; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Domains; Protein Folding; Protein Multimerization; Protein Sorting Signals; Protein Structure, Secondary; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Protozoan Proteins; Psychometrics; Pulse Wave Analysis; Pyridines; Pyrrolidines; Quality of Life; Quantum Dots; Quinoxalines; Quorum Sensing; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rain; Random Allocation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptor, PAR-1; Receptors, CXCR4; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Receptors, Interleukin-17; Receptors, Notch; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Reducing Agents; Reflex, Startle; Regional Blood Flow; Regression Analysis; Reperfusion Injury; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Rituximab; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Rosmarinic Acid; Running; Ruthenium; Rutin; Sarcolemma; Sarcoma; Sarcopenia; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; SARS-CoV-2; Scavenger Receptors, Class A; Schools; Seasons; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Shock, Cardiogenic; Short Chain Dehydrogenase-Reductases; Signal Transduction; Silver; Singlet Oxygen; Sinusitis; Skin; Skin Absorption; Small Molecule Libraries; Smoke; Socioeconomic Factors; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Solid Phase Extraction; Solubility; Solvents; Spain; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Speech; Speech Perception; Spindle Poles; Spleen; Sporothrix; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism; Stomach Neoplasms; Stress, Physiological; Stroke Volume; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Sulfonamides; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival Rate; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Temperature; Tenofovir; Terpenes; Tetracycline; Tetrapleura; Textiles; Thermodynamics; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Thrombin; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tibial Meniscus Injuries; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Toluidines; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tooth; Tramadol; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Transgender Persons; Translations; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases; United Kingdom; United States; Up-Regulation; Vascular Stiffness; Veins; Ventricular Remodeling; Viral Load; Virulence Factors; Virus Replication; Vitis; Voice; Voice Quality; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Weather; Wildfires; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; X-Ray Diffraction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Young Adult; Zoogloea

Coenzyme Q

Topics: Ataxia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Mitochondrial Diseases; Muscle Weakness; Ubiquinone

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death in Poland and in the world. People with cardiovascular disease or high cardiovascular risk require early detection and pharmacotherapy. New methods of prevention and treatment are needed. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the human body. CoQ10 plays an important role in the biosynthesis of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and has antioxidant activity. More and more evidence indicates that CoQ10 is closely related to cardiovascular disorders. Its supplementation may be beneficial in various chronic and acute disorders. Coenzyme Q10 used in heart failure reduces mortality and improves exercise capacity. CoQ10 can reduce the values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive patients. CoQ10 supplementation prevents electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in patients taking doxorubicin and has a positive effect on heart function during anthracycline chemotherapy. The review article was based on available literature found in the Medline database and includes preclinical and clinical research. Further research related to CoQ10 can contribute to significant progress in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases but may also be the basis for increasing the range of indications for this drug.

Topics: Cardiotoxicity; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Failure; Humans; Poland; Ubiquinone

Coenzyme Q

Topics: Aging; Ataxia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Mitochondrial Diseases; Muscle Weakness; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Ubiquinone

A number of aging-related disorders (ARD) have been related to oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) in a well-established body of literature. Most studies focused on cardiovascular disorders (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and neurodegenerative disorders. Counteracting OS and MDF has been envisaged to improve the clinical management of ARD, and major roles have been assigned to three mitochondrial cofactors, also termed mitochondrial nutrients (MNs), i.e., α-lipoic acid (ALA), Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and carnitine (CARN). These cofactors exert essential-and distinct-roles in mitochondrial machineries, along with strong antioxidant properties. Clinical trials have mostly relied on the use of only one MN to ARD-affected patients as, e.g., in the case of CoQ10 in CVD, or of ALA in T2D, possibly with the addition of other antioxidants. Only a few clinical and pre-clinical studies reported on the administration of two MNs, with beneficial outcomes, while no available studies reported on the combined administration of three MNs. Based on the literature also from pre-clinical studies, the present review is to recommend the design of clinical trials based on combinations of the three MNs.

Topics: Aging; Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Mitochondria; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Thioctic Acid; Ubiquinone

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a vitamin-like substance which functions as an electron carrier within the mitochondrial respiratory chain, as well as serving as an important intracellular antioxidant. Most of the body's CoQ10 requirements are met by endogenous synthesis, although the capacity for CoQ10 production decreases substantially with increasing age. In this article we have reviewed the potential role of CoQ10 supplementation in the treatment of tissue fibrosis, which has been implicated in the age-related loss of function of various organs including the heart. Clinical studies have indicated that CoQ10 supplementation may decrease the level of cardiovascular fibrosis to which older individuals are subjected, and thereby improve cardiovascular function and reduce the risk of cardiovascular associated mortality. Although the factors responsible for the anti-fibrotic action of CoQ10 have yet to be fully elucidated, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions are thought to be major contributors to its clinical efficacy in the treatment of this age-related disorder.

Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Fibrosis; Humans; Ubiquinone

Coenzyme Q

Topics: Aging; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Models, Animal; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Oxidation-Reduction; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Ubiquinone; Vitamins

The burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases is increasing with every year. Although the management of these conditions has improved greatly over the years, it is still far from perfect. With all of this in mind, there is a need for new methods of prophylaxis and treatment. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential compound of the human body. There is growing evidence that CoQ10 is tightly linked to cardiometabolic disorders. Its supplementation can be useful in a variety of chronic and acute disorders. This review analyses the role of CoQ10 in hypertension, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, viral myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, cardiac toxicity, dyslipidemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cardiac procedures and resuscitation.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Ubiquinone

This review examines recent randomized clinical trials evaluating the role of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the management of coronary heart disease.. CoQ10 is one of the most commonly used dietary supplements in the USA. Due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, CoQ10 has been studied extensively for possible use in managing coronary heart disease. One of the most common applications of CoQ10 is to mitigate statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) based on the theory that SAMS are caused by statin depletion of CoQ10 in the muscle. Although previous studies of CoQ10 for SAMS have produced mixed results, CoQ10 appears to be safe. Because CoQ10 is a cofactor in the generation of adenosine triphosphate, supplementation has also recently been studied in patients with heart failure, which is inherently an energy deprived state. The Q-SYMBIO trial found that CoQ10 supplementation in patients with heart failure not only improved functional capacity, but also significantly reduced cardiovascular events and mortality. Despite these positive findings, a larger prospective trial is warranted to support routine use of CoQ10. Less impressive are the effects of CoQ10 on specific cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and glycemic control. Current evidence does not support routine use of CoQ10 in patients with coronary heart disease. Additional studies are warranted to fully determine the benefit of CoQ10 in patients with heart failure before including it in guideline-directed medical therapy.

Topics: Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic Disease; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Dietary Supplements; Dyslipidemias; Heart Failure; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypertension; Muscular Diseases; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Ubiquinone

This article is an attempt to provide an overview of systematic reviews to determine the efficacy of CQ10 supplementation in the treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD).. All reviews were identified through a systematic search of the following databases: Cochrane, DARE, Ovid, EMBASE, ISI Web of Knowledge, and PubMed. Check references studies and the quality of the studies was assessed by means of AMSTTAR. No meta-analyses were performed due to the heterogeneity of studies.. Extracted data for Seven systematic reviews for primary outcomes, net changes in cardiac output, cardiac index, New York Heart Association functional classification, improved survival, based on existing evidence, there is a case for use of CoQ10 as an adjunctive therapy in congestive heart failure, especially in those patients unable to tolerate mainstream medical therapies.. Evidence suggests that the CoQ10 supplement may be a useful tool for managing patients with heart failure.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone; Vitamins

The fruit of the oil palm tree (Elaeis guineesis) is the source of antioxidant-rich red palm oil. Red palm oil is a rich source of phytonutrients such as tocotrienols, tocopherols, carotenoids, phytosterols, squalene, and coenzyme Q10, all of which exhibit nutritional properties and oxidative stability. Mutagenic, nutritional, and toxicological studies have shown that red palm oil contains highly bioavailable β-carotene and vitamin A and is reasonably stable to heat without any adverse effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the nutritional properties of red palm oil. The possible antiatherogenic, antihemorrhagic, antihypertensive, anticancer, and anti-infective properties of red palm oil are examined. Moreover, evidence supporting the potential effectiveness of red palm oil to overcome vitamin A deficiency in children and pregnant women, to improve ocular complications of vitamin A deficiency, to protect against ischemic heart disease, to promote normal reproduction in males and females, to aid in the management of diabetes, to ameliorate the adverse effects of chemotherapy, and to aid in managing hypobaric conditions is presented.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotenoids; Disease Models, Animal; Evidence-Based Medicine; Fruit; Health Promotion; Humans; Palm Oil; Phytochemicals; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Squalene; Ubiquinone; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin E

Coenzyme Q-10 (CoQ10) is a widely used alternative medication or dietary supplement and one of its roles is as an antioxidant. It naturally functions as a coenzyme and component of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Decreased levels have been demonstrated in diseased myocardium and in Parkinson disease. Farnesyl pyrophosphate is a critical intermediate for CoQ10 synthesis and blockage of this step may be important in statin myopathy. Deficiency of CoQ10 also has been associated with encephalomyopathy, severe infantile multisystemic disease, cerebellar ataxia, nephrotic syndrome, and isolated myopathy. Although supplementation with CoQ10 has been reported to be beneficial in treating hypertension, congestive heart failure, statin myopathy, and problems associated with chemotherapy for cancer treatement, this use of CoQ10 as a supplement has not been confirmed in randomized controlled clinical trials. Nevertheless, it appears to be a safe supplementary medication where usage in selected clinical situations may not be inappropriate. This review is an attempt to actualize the available information on CoQ10 and define its potential benefit and appropriate usage.

Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Failure; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypertension; Muscular Diseases; Neoplasms; Ubiquinone

Plasma lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] elevations are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a member of the mitochondrial respiratory chain with a prominent role as a potent gene regulator. The Lp(a)-lowering efficacy of CoQ10 has been investigated in different clinical settings with contrasting results. A systematic literature search in Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases was conducted to identify controlled trials investigating the efficacy of CoQ10 supplementation on plasma Lp(a) levels. Inverse variance-weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for net changes in Lp(a) levels using a random-effects model. Random-effects meta-regression was performed to assess the effect of putative confounders on plasma Lp(a) levels. Seven randomized controlled trials with a total of 409 subjects (206 in the CoQ10 arm and 203 in the control arm) met the eligibility criteria. Overall, CoQ10 supplementation was paralleled by a slight but significant reduction of plasma Lp(a) levels (WMD: -3.54 mg/dL, 95% CI: -5.50, -1.58; p<0.001), this effect being more robust in those trials with higher baseline Lp(a) levels (slope: -0.44; 95% CI: -0.80, -0.08; p=0.018). Reduction of plasma Lp(a) levels was consistent across different CoQ10 doses, with an inverse association between administered CoQ10 dose and Lp(a) lowering (slope: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07; p=0.004). Neither total cholesterol and cholesterol subfractions, nor triglyceride levels were affected by CoQ10 supplementation. In conclusion, CoQ10 supplementation, in the tested range of doses, reduces plasma Lp(a) concentrations, particularly in patients with Lp(a)≥ 30 mg/dL. Other lipid indices were not altered by CoQ10 supplementation.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Lipids; Lipoprotein(a); Risk Factors; Ubiquinone

There is growing evidence to suggest that statin therapy is associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes. The risk for statin-related diabetes depends upon many factors including age, pre-existing diabetic risk, type and potency of statin. Several mechanisms have been suggested for the diabetogenic effects of statins involving processes that alter islet ß-cell function, resulting in impaired glucose metabolism. Recent evidence suggests that the association of statin therapy with the development of diabetes may be partly mediated by a statin-induced decrease in circulating adiponectin and coenzyme Q10. The available evidence suggests the benefit of statins in reducing cardiovascular events outweigh the risk of developing diabetes. Moreover, statin therapy does not impair glycemic control in diabetic patients. Expert recommendations for the use of statins in people at risk of developing diabetes have recently been published. However, further research is required to elucidate both the association between statin use and incident diabetes as well as underlying mechanisms.

Topics: Adiponectin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Management; Global Health; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Incidence; Risk Factors; Ubiquinone

A short review is given of the potential role of selenium deficiency and selenium intervention trials in atherosclerotic heart disease. Selenium is an essential constituent of several proteins, including the glutathione peroxidases and selenoprotein P. The selenium intake in Europe is generally in the lower margin of recommendations from authorities. Segments of populations in Europe may thus have a deficient intake that may be presented by a deficient anti-oxidative capacity in various illnesses, in particular atherosclerotic disease, and this may influence the prognosis of the disease. Ischemic heart disease and heart failure are two conditions where increased oxidative stress has been convincingly demonstrated. Some of the intervention studies of anti-oxidative substances that have focused on selenium are discussed in this review. The interrelationship between selenium and coenzyme Q10, another anti-oxidant, is presented, pointing to a theoretical advantage in using both substances in an intervention if there are deficiencies within the population. Clinical results from an intervention study using both selenium and coenzyme Q10 in an elderly population are discussed, where reduction in cardiovascular mortality, a better cardiac function according to echocardiography, and finally a lower concentration of the biomarker NT-proBNP as a sign of lower myocardial wall tension could be seen in those on active treatment, compared to placebo.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ataxia; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Artery Disease; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Europe; Humans; Mitochondrial Diseases; Muscle Weakness; Nutritional Status; Oxidative Stress; Selenium; Ubiquinone

Mitochondria are critical for sustaining life, not only as the essential powerhouses of cells but as critical mediators of cell survival and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as a key perturbation underlying numerous pathologies including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and the subsequent development of impaired left ventricular systolic function and compensatory cardiac hypertrophy. This article outlines the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in these important cardiac pathologies and highlights current cardioprotective strategies and their clinical efficacy in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure patients. Finally, we explore novel mitochondrial targets and evaluate their potential future translation for clinical cardioprotection.

Topics: Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Death; Cyclosporine; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Ischemic Postconditioning; Ischemic Preconditioning; Mitochondria, Heart; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins; Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore; Mitophagy; Myocytes, Cardiac; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oximes; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; Reactive Oxygen Species; Secosteroids; Ubiquinone

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death and disability worldwide and public health interventions focus on modifiable risk factors, such as diet. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an antioxidant that is naturally synthesised by the body and can also be taken as a dietary supplement. Studies have shown that a CoQ10 deficiency is associated with cardiovascular disease.. To determine the effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation as a single ingredient for the primary prevention of CVD.. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2013, Issue 11); MEDLINE (Ovid, 1946 to November week 3 2013); EMBASE (Ovid, 1947 to 27 November 2013) and other relevant resources on 2 December 2013. We applied no language restrictions.. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) lasting at least three months involving healthy adults or those at high risk of CVD but without a diagnosis of CVD. Trials investigated the supplementation of CoQ10 alone as a single supplement. The comparison group was no intervention or placebo. The outcomes of interest were CVD clinical events and major CVD risk factors, adverse effects and costs. We excluded any trials involving multifactorial lifestyle interventions to avoid confounding.. Two authors independently selected trials for inclusion, abstracted data and assessed the risk of bias.We contacted authors for additional information where necessary.. We identified six RCTs with a total of 218 participants randomised, one trial awaiting classification and five ongoing trials. All trials were conducted in participants at high risk of CVD, two trials examined CoQ10 supplementation alone and four examined CoQ10 supplementation in patients on statin therapy; we analysed these separately. All six trials were small-scale, recruiting between 20 and 52 participants; one trial was at high risk of bias for incomplete outcome data and one for selective reporting; all studies were unclear in the method of allocation and therefore for selection bias. The dose of CoQ10 varied between 100 mg/day and 200 mg/day and the duration of the interventions was similar at around three months.No studies reported mortality or non-fatal cardiovascular events. None of the included studies provided data on adverse events.Two trials examined the effect of CoQ10 on blood pressure. For systolic blood pressure we did not perform a meta-analysis due to significant heterogeneity. In one trial CoQ10 supplementation had no effect on systolic blood pressure (mean difference (MD) -1.90 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) -13.17 to 9.37, 51 patients randomised). In the other trial there was a statistically significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (MD -15.00 mmHg, 95% CI -19.06 to -10.94, 20 patients randomised). For diastolic blood pressure we performed a random-effects meta-analysis, which showed no evidence of effect of CoQ10 supplementation when these two small trials were pooled (MD -1.62 mmHg, 95% CI -5.2 to 1.96).One trial (51 patients randomised) looked at the effect of CoQ10 on lipid levels. The trial showed no evidence of effect of CoQ10 supplementation on total cholesterol (MD 0.30 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.70), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (MD 0.02 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.17) or triglycerides (MD 0.05 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.42 to 0.52).Of the four trials that investigated CoQ10 supplementation in patients on statin therapy, three of them showed that simultaneous administration of CoQ10 did not significantly influence lipid levels or systolic blood pressure levels between the two groups. The fourth trial showed a significant increase in the change in total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol at three months across the four arms of the trial (α-tocopherol, CoQ10, CoQ10 + α-tocopherol and placebo), however the way in which the data were presented meant that we were unable to determine if there was any signi. There are very few studies to date examining CoQ10 for the primary prevention of CVD. The results from the ongoing studies will add to the evidence base. Due to the small number of underpowered trials contributing to the analyses, the results presented should be treated with caution and further high quality trials with longer-term follow-up are needed to determine the effects on cardiovascular events.

Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Lipids; Primary Prevention; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Ubiquinone

In previous works we demonstrated an inverse correlation between plasma Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and thyroid hormones; in fact, CoQ10 levels in hyperthyroid patients were found among the lowest detected in human diseases. On the contrary, CoQ10 is elevated in hypothyroid subjects, also in subclinical conditions, suggesting the usefulness of this index in assessing metabolic status in thyroid disorders. A Low-T3 syndrome is a condition observed in several chronic diseases: it is considered an adaptation mechanism, where there is a reduction in pro-hormone T4 conversion. Low T3-Syndrome is not usually considered to be corrected with replacement therapy. We review the role of thyroid hormones in regulation of antioxidant systems, also presenting data on total antioxidant capacity and Coenzyme Q10. Published studies suggest that oxidative stress could be involved in the clinical course of different heart diseases; our data could support the rationale of replacement therapy in low-T3 conditions.

Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Lung Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Thyroid Hormones; Ubiquinone

Topics: Affect; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Functional Food; Herbal Medicine; Humans; Integrative Medicine; Life Style; Motor Activity; Spirituality; Ubiquinone; Yoga

Statins are a standard of care in many clinical settings such as acute myocardial infarction and for patients having or at risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease. This is based on a plethora of data showing reductions in CV events and mortality. The CV benefit of statins can be partly explained by their ability to inhibit of HMG-CoA reductase, which subsequently lowers cholesterol and decreases the formation of mevalonate. However, the inhibition of the mevalonate pathway decreases the formation of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) within the body. It has been a long-standing theory that statin-associated muscle pain (myalgia) is caused, or at least partly contributed by, a reduction in CoQ10 levels in muscle mitochondria. One of the main side effects of statins is myalgia, which causes the patient to either stop their statin or significantly reduce the dose of their statin. The question of whether CoQ10 can help treat statin myopathy is a common one encountered by clinicians in current day practice.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Mevalonic Acid; Mitochondria, Muscle; Musculoskeletal Pain; Ubiquinone

Great attention is devoted at present to oxidative stress, free radical reactions as leading mechanisms in the cardiovascular continuum. The strategy of correction of oxidative stress implies the use of antioxidants. In this work we consider problems of the use of coenzyme-Q as a component of complex therapy of arterial hypertension; atherosclerosis, chronic heart failure.

Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Free Radicals; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone

The fundamental role of coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) in mitochondrial bioenergetics and its well-acknowledged antioxidant properties constitute the basis for its clinical applications, although some of its effects may be related to a gene induction mechanism. Cardiovascular disease is still the main field of study and the latest findings confirm a role of CoQ(10) in improving endothelial function. The possible relation between CoQ(10) deficiency and statin side effects is highly debated, particularly the key issue of whether CoQ(10) supplementation counteracts statin myalgias. Furthermore, in cardiac patients, plasma CoQ(10) was found to be an independent predictor of mortality. Studies on CoQ(10) and physical exercise have confirmed its effect in improving subjective fatigue sensation and physical performance and in opposing exercise-related damage. In the field of mitochondrial myopathies, primary CoQ(10) deficiencies have been identified, involving different genes of the CoQ(10) biosynthetic pathway; some of these conditions were found to be highly responsive to CoQ(10) administration. The initial observations of CoQ(10) effects in Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases have been extended to Friedreich's ataxia, where CoQ(10) and other quinones have been tested. CoQ(10) is presently being used in a large phase III trial in Parkinson's disease. CoQ(10) has been found to improve sperm count and motility on asthenozoospermia. Moreover, for the first time CoQ(10) was found to decrease the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnancy. The ability of CoQ(10) to mitigate headache symptoms in adults was also verified in pediatric and adolescent populations.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Female; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Pregnancy; Ubiquinone; Vitamins

Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) is found in blood and in all organs. CoQ(10) deficiencies are due to autosomal recessive mutations, ageing-related oxidative stress and carcinogenesis processes, and also statin treatment. Many neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer and muscular and cardiovascular diseases have been associated with low CoQ(10) levels, as well as different ataxias and encephalomyopathies.. We review the efficacy of a variety of commercial formulations which have been developed to solubilise CoQ(10) and promote its better absorption in vivo, and its use in the therapy of pathologies associated with low CoQ(10) levels, with emphasis in the results of the clinical trials. Also, we review the use of its analogues idebenone and MitoQ.. This review covers the most relevant aspects related with the therapeutic use of CoQ(10), including existing formulations and their effects on its bioavailability.. CoQ(10) does not cause serious adverse effects in humans and new formulations have been developed that increase CoQ(10) absorption. Oral CoQ(10) is a viable antioxidant strategy in many diseases, providing a significant to mild symptomatic benefit. Idebenone and MitoQ are promising substitutive CoQ(10)-related drugs which are well tolerated and safe.

Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Ubiquinone

Statins are effective in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. While most side effects of statins are mild and transient, muscular symptoms are relatively common (5 to 10% of patients), but rarely serious (myositis, rhabdomyolysis). In cases of myopathy, the severity of symptoms and the determination of CK (creatine kinase) determine whether discontinuation of statin is necessary. Alternative strategies are also suggested. This article reviews suggestions on the management of these complaints that are a challenge in clinical practice.

Topics: Age Factors; Aged, 80 and over; Algorithms; Anticholesteremic Agents; Azetidines; Biopsy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Creatine Kinase; Ezetimibe; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Diseases; Myositis; Pain; Primary Prevention; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Retrospective Studies; Rhabdomyolysis; Secondary Prevention; Sex Factors; Ubiquinone

Statin-associated muscle symptoms are a relatively common condition that may affect 10% to 15% of statin users. Statin myopathy includes a wide spectrum of clinical conditions, ranging from mild myalgia to rhabdomyolysis. The etiology of myopathy is multifactorial. Recent studies suggest that statins may cause myopathy by depleting isoprenoids and interfering with intracellular calcium signaling. Certain patient and drug characteristics increase risk for statin myopathy, including higher statin doses, statin cytochrome metabolism, and polypharmacy. Genetic risk factors have been identified, including a single nucleotide polymorphism of SLCO1B1. Coenzyme Q10 and vitamin D have been used to prevent and treat statin myopathy; however, clinical trial evidence demonstrating their efficacy is limited. Statin-intolerant patients may be successfully treated with either low-dose statins, alternate-day dosing, or using twice-weekly dosing with longer half-life statins. An algorithm is presented to assist the clinician in managing myopathy in patients with dyslipidemia.

Topics: Algorithms; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Muscular Diseases; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Ubiquinone; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Longevity can be explained by the free radical theory of aging, and caloric restriction (CR) studies showed that CR-induced lifespan extension is associated with the prevention of a decrease in oxidative stress. Non-enzymatic lipophilic antioxidants may play a pivotal role in our aging process, and are reflected in our dietary lifestyle and dietary supplementation. Their significance lies in their general good absorption and slow excretion within our body. Although difficulties exist with human aging studies due to the nature of our longevity in comparison with other species, findings have implied a relationship between non-enzymatic antioxidants and longevity. Common non-enzymatic antioxidants found in our dietary intake include vitamin A and E supplementation, flavanoids (major source includes tea, one of our main fluid intake), resveratrol (its protective role in cardiovascular disease and aging having stemmed from the "French Paradox"), as well as coenzyme Q₁₀ supplementation. The review discusses current findings and their implication in the aging process. This review concludes by asserting that although none of these antioxidants has yet provided clear-cut evidence toward longevity and the aging process, they have certainly demonstrated other potential health benefits.

Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Free Radicals; Humans; Life Style; Longevity; Oxidative Stress; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Ubiquinone; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

In this review we summarise the current state of knowledge of the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of action of CoQ(10) in cardiovascular disease. Our conclusions are: 1. There is promising evidence of a beneficial effect of CoQ(10) when given alone or in addition to standard therapies in hypertension and in heart failure, but less extensive evidence in ischemic heart disease. 2. Large scale multi-centre prospective randomised trials are indicated in all these areas but there are difficulties in funding such trials. 3. Presently, due to the notable absence of clinically significant side effects and likely therapeutic benefit, CoQ(10) can be considered a safe adjunct to standard therapies in cardiovascular disease.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anthracyclines; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coenzymes; Diet; Heart Failure; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypertension; Ischemia; Mitochondria; Models, Biological; Ubiquinone

The evidence supporting a treatment benefit for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in primary mitochondrial disease (mitochondrial disease) whilst positive is limited. Mitochondrial disease in this context is defined as genetic disease causing an impairment in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). There are no treatment trials achieving the highest Level I evidence designation. Reasons for this include the relative rarity of mitochondrial disease, the heterogeneity of mitochondrial disease, the natural cofactor status and easy 'over the counter availability' of CoQ10 all of which make funding for the necessary large blinded clinical trials unlikely. At this time the best evidence for efficacy comes from controlled trials in common cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases with mitochondrial and OXPHOS dysfunction the etiology of which is most likely multifactorial with environmental factors playing on a background of genetic predisposition. There remain questions about dosing, bioavailability, tissue penetration and intracellular distribution of orally administered CoQ10, a compound which is endogenously produced within the mitochondria of all cells. In some mitochondrial diseases and other commoner disorders such as cardiac disease and Parkinson's disease low mitochondrial or tissue levels of CoQ10 have been demonstrated providing an obvious rationale for supplementation. This paper discusses the current state of the evidence supporting the use of CoQ10 in mitochondrial disease.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Evidence-Based Medicine; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Diseases; Models, Biological; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen; Phosphorylation; Rats; Ubiquinone

Mitochondria have long been known to play a critical role in maintaining the bioenergetic status of cells under physiological conditions. Mitochondria produce large amounts of free radicals, and mitochondrial oxidative damage can contribute to a range of degenerative conditions including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for mitochondrion-mediated disease processes are not correctly understood, oxidative stress seems to play an important role. Consequently, the selective inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative damage is an obvious therapeutic strategy. This review considers the process of CVD from a mitochondrial perspective and provides a summary of the following areas: reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and its role in pathophysiological processes such as CVD, currently available antioxidants and possible reasons for their efficacy and inefficacy in ameliorating oxidative stress-mediated diseases, and recent developments in mitochondria-targeted antioxidants that concentrate on the matrix-facing surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. These mitochondrion-targeted antioxidants have been developed by conjugating the lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation to antioxidant moieties such as ubiquinol. These compounds pass easily through biological membranes and, due to their positive charge, they accumulate several-hundred-fold within mitochondria. In this way they protect against mitochondrial oxidative damage and show potential as a future therapy for CVDs.

Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Membrane Potentials; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Diseases; Nitric Oxide; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reperfusion Injury; Risk Factors; Ubiquinone

Metabolic therapy involves the administration of a substance normally found in the body to enhance a metabolic reaction within the cell. This may be achieved in two ways. Firstly, for some systems a substance can be given to achieve greater than normal levels in the body so as to drive an enzymic reaction in a preferred direction. Secondly, metabolic therapy may be used to correct an absolute or relative deficiency of a cellular component. Thus, metabolic therapy differs greatly from most standard cardiovascular pharmacologic therapies such as the use of ACE Inhibitors, beta-blockers, statins and calcium channel antagonists that are given to block rather than enhance cellular processes.

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Exercise; Glucose; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension; Insulin; Meditation; Orotic Acid; Physical Therapy Modalities; Potassium; Thioctic Acid; Ubiquinone

Available data on the absorption, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are reviewed in this paper. CoQ10 has a fundamental role in cellular bioenergetics. CoQ10 is also an important antioxidant. Because of its hydrophobicity and large molecular weight, absorption of dietary CoQ10 is slow and limited. In the case of dietary supplements, solubilized CoQ10 formulations show enhanced bioavailability. The T(max) is around 6 h, with an elimination half-life of about 33 h. The reference intervals for plasma CoQ10 range from 0.40 to 1.91 micromol/l in healthy adults. With CoQ10 supplements there is reasonable correlation between increase in plasma CoQ10 and ingested dose up to a certain point. Animal data show that CoQ10 in large doses is taken up by all tissues including heart and brain mitochondria. This has implications for therapeutic applications in human diseases, and there is evidence for its beneficial effect in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. CoQ10 has an excellent safety record.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Ubiquinone

The promising theoretical possibilities of antioxidant prevention and protection against vascular diseases and neoplasms could not have been realized as yet. The author searches into the causes of this failure by analyzing data of recent literature. Previous preventive trials as well as newly discovered pharmacological and molecular biological effects of antioxidants are reviewed. Results of meta-analyses on prevention trials of vascular disease by vitamin-E and those of gastrointestinal cancers are also included. The lately recognized properties of antioxidants are surveyed with special regard to their capability of modulating apoptosis, inducing gene expressions and their transformation into pro-oxidants. The harmful consequence of high doses of a single antioxidant is emphasized. The retinoids, vitamins D and K possess both pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative activity, while N-acetylcysteine exerts mainly anti-apoptotic effects. Since the effects of the eight vitamin E homologues are different in many respects, alpha-tocopherol can not be regarded as vitamin E of full value. Antioxidant supply from natural sources does not seem to be sufficient for an adequate preventive effect. The author recommends such a combination in which physiological amounts of vitamins C, D, K and B-complex, N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E of natural origin might be complemented by allopurinol, co-enzyme Q-10 and alpha-lipoic acid. A diet rich in flavonoids and carotenoids is essential. Application of appropriate laboratory methods is of great value in the individualization, monitoring and control of antioxidant treatment.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Allopurinol; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Ascorbic Acid; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coenzymes; Flavonoids; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Neoplasms; Selenium; Ubiquinone; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q10) is an obligatory component of the respiratory chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane coupled to ATP synthesis and acts as an antioxidant. Its additional localization in the different subcellular fractions is probably associated with its multiple functions in the cell. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency has been observed in patients with congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, mitral valve prolapse. The clinical benefits of Q10 supplementation in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases have been observed in many trials. Ubiquinone is the introduction of the metabolic drugs and may be recommended to patients with cardiovascular pathologies as an adjunct to conventional treatment.

Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Mitochondria; Myocardium; Ubiquinone

Coenzyme Q10 is widely used as an essential component of ATP generation in the oxidative phosphorylation process and as an antioxidant preventing lipid peroxidation and scavenging superoxide. It is also recommended as a supplement to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Research efforts on the production of coenzyme Q10 by microorganisms focus on the development of potent strains by conventional mutagenesis and metabolic engineering, analysis and modification of the key metabolic pathways and optimization of fermentation strategies. Especially, random mutants with drugs resistance show a high coenzyme Q10 concentration. Metabolic engineering techniques have been applied to improve coenzyme Q10 production. The key enzymes involved in the coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis pathway have been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The rational design of metabolic pathways in combination with engineering optimization of fermentation processes could facilitate the development of viable bioconversion processes.

Topics: Antioxidants; Biotechnology; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Escherichia coli; Humans; Models, Chemical; Molecular Structure; Organisms, Genetically Modified; Recombinant Proteins; Ubiquinone

After a brief reminding of the synthesis and function of coenzyme Q10, this article tries to summarise the current state of knowledge about the consequences of its deficiency and about the potential benefits of an increased intake of this coenzyme. We then describe the arguments in favour of such an increase in cardiac diseases and in Parkinson's disease.

Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Ubiquinone

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Complementary Therapies; Herbal Medicine; Humans; Mind-Body Therapies; Ubiquinone; Vitamins

Coenzyme Q10 is administered for an ever-widening range of disorders, therefore it is timely to illustrate the latest findings with special emphasis on areas in which this therapeutic approach is completely new. These findings also give further insight into the biochemical mechanisms underlying clinical involvement of coenzyme Q10.. Cardiovascular properties of coenzyme Q10 have been further addressed, namely regarding myocardial protection during cardiac surgery, end-stage heart failure, pediatric cardiomyopathy and in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The vascular aspects of coenzyme Q10 addressing the important field of endothelial function are briefly examined. The controversial issue of the statin/coenzyme Q10 relationship has been investigated in preliminary studies in which the two substances were administered simultaneously. Work on different neurological diseases, involving mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, highlights some of the neuroprotective mechanisms of coenzyme Q10. A 4-year follow-up on 10 Friedreich's Ataxia patients treated with coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E showed a substantial improvement in cardiac and skeletal muscle bioenergetics and heart function. Mitochondrial dysfunction likely plays a role in the pathophysiology of migraine as well as age-related macular degeneration and a therapy including coenzyme Q10 produced significant improvement. Finally, the effect of coenzyme Q10 was evaluated in the treatment of asthenozoospermia.. The latest findings highlight the beneficial role of coenzyme Q10 as coadjuvant in the treatment of syndromes, characterized by impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and increased oxidative stress, which have a high social impact. Besides their clinical significance, these data give further insight into the biochemical mechanisms of coenzyme Q10 activity.

Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Friedreich Ataxia; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Migraine Disorders; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress; Ubiquinone

Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone, 2-methyl-5,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone), soluble natural fat quinine, is crucial to optimal biological function. The coenzyme Q molecule has amphipathic (biphasic) properties due to the hydrophilic benzoquinone ring and the lipophilic poly isoprenoid side-chain. The nomenclature of coenzyme Q-n is based on the amount of isoprenoid units attached to 6-position on the benzoquinone ring. It was demonstrated that coenzyme Q, in addition to its role in electron transport and proton transfer in mitochondrial and bacterial respiration, acts in its reduced form (ubiquinol) as an antioxidant. Coenzyme Q-10 functions as a lipid antioxidant regulating membrane fluidity, recycling radical forms of vitamin C and E, and protecting membrane phospholipids against peroxidation. The antioxidant property, high degree of hydrophobicity and universal occurrence in biological system, suggest an important role for ubiquinone and ubiquinol in cellular defense against oxidative damage. Coenzyme Q-10 is a ubiquitous and endogenous lipid-soluble antioxidant found in all organisms. Neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus and especially aging and Alzheimer's disease exhibit altered levels of ubiquinone or ubiquinol, indicating their likely crucial role in the pathogenesis and cellular mechanisms of these ailments. This review is geared to discuss the biological effect of coenzyme Q with an emphasis on its impact in initiation, progression, treatment and prevention of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and carcinogenic diseases.

Topics: Aging; Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Neoplasms; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Ubiquinone

This article provides a comprehensive review of 30 years of research on the use of coenzyme Q10 in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. This endogenous antioxidant has potential for use in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, particularly hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. It appears that levels of coenzyme Q10 are decreased during therapy with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, gemfibrozil, Adriamycin, and certain beta blockers. Further clinical trials are warranted, but because of its low toxicity it may be appropriate to recommend coenzyme Q10 to select patients as an adjunct to conventional treatment.

Topics: Animals; Cardiomyopathies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Complementary Therapies; Coronary Disease; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension; Myocardial Infarction; Ubiquinone

To review use of alternative pharmacotherapy (AP) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and significant drug interactions between AP and traditional CVD medications.. A literature search of MEDLINE and the National Complementary and Alternative Medicine database was done using these search terms: supplements, vitamins, garlic, fish oil, L-arginine, soy, coenzyme Q10, herbs, phytosterols, chelation therapy, alternative medicine, and CVD.. English human clinical trials measuring surrogate and clinical end points.. Antioxidants have not been consistently proven beneficial in reducing cardiovascular mortality. Fish oils may be beneficial in patients with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, but therapeutic doses need to be defined. Use of coenzyme Q10 in patients with heart failure has not demonstrated consistent benefits. Garlic may lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, but also may increase bleeding, so its use in CVD patients should be monitored. Clinical studies with small sample sizes have demonstrated that L-arginine may be useful to prevent and treat CVD. The Food and Drug Administration recommends 25 g/day of soy protein as part of a diet low in saturated fats for cholesterol reduction. Plant sterols are recommended by the American Heart Association and the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel as adjunct therapy to reduce low-density lipoprotein. No data support use of chelation therapy. Some APs interact with common prescription CVD medications (eg, gingko and ginseng with warfarin, St. John's Wort with digoxin).. The benefits of APs as part of the treatment for CVD are controversial. Routine use is not recommended.

Topics: Antioxidants; Arginine; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coenzymes; Complementary Therapies; Dietary Supplements; Drug Interactions; Education, Pharmacy, Continuing; Fish Oils; Garlic; Humans; Plant Preparations; Soybean Proteins; Sterols; Ubiquinone

Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotenoids; Coenzymes; Free Radicals; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Lipoproteins, LDL; Lycopene; Oxidative Stress; Primary Prevention; Risk Factors; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Complementary Therapies; Cytoprotection; Drug Interactions; Humans; Ubiquinone

The clinical experience in cardiology with CoQ10 includes studies on congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, and reperfusion injury as it relates to coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The CoQ10-lowering effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the potential adverse consequences are of growing concern. Supplemental CoQ10 alters the natural history of cardiovascular illnesses and has the potential for prevention of cardiovascular disease through the inhibition of LDL cholesterol oxidation and by the maintenance of optimal cellular and mitochondrial function throughout the ravages of time and internal and external stresses. The attainment of higher blood levels of CoQ10 (> 3.5 micrograms/ml) with the use of higher doses of CoQ10 appears to enhance both the magnitude and rate of clinical improvement. In this communication, 34 controlled trials and several open-label and long-term studies on the clinical effects of CoQ10 in cardiovascular diseases are reviewed.

Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coenzymes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension; Myocardial Ischemia; Reperfusion Injury; Ubiquinone; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

The literature concerning the importance of coenzyme Q10 in health and disease has been reviewed. Usual dietary intake together with normal in vivo synthesis seems to fulfil the demands for Q10 in healthy individuals. The importance of Q10 supplementation for general health has not been investigated in controlled experiments. The literature allows no firm conclusions about the significance of Q10 in physical activity. In different cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyopathy, relatively low levels of Q10 in myocardial tissue have been reported. Positive clinical and haemodynamic effects of oral Q10 supplementation have been observed in double-blind trials, especially in chronic heart failure. These effects should be further examined. No important adverse effects have been reported from experiments using daily supplements of up to 200 mg Q10 for 6-12 months and 100 mg daily for up to 6 y.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Disease; Health; Humans; Neoplasms; Ubiquinone

Several nutritional interventions for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and therapy have recently appeared in the biomedical literature. These include appropriate use of several vitamins (E, C, B6, folate) and conditionally essential nutrients (CoQ10, L-arginine, propionyl L-carnitine). Possible undesirable consequences of long term nutritional supplementation with vitamin E and of adverse drug-nutrient interactions between the statins and CoQ10 are also considered. Although additional intervention studies are needed, current scientific evidence generally supports nutritional supplementation with these nutrients as an effective adjunctive strategy for CVD control.

Topics: Antioxidants; Arginine; Ascorbic Acid; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Coenzymes; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Primary Prevention; Ubiquinone; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin E

Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone

Coenzyme Q10 or ubiquinone normally present in many plant and animal cells is an antioxidant. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency has been observed in patients with congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertension, mitral valve prolapse and after coronary revascularization. Coenzyme Q10 is involved in the synthesis of ATP and hence is useful in preventing cellular damage during ischaemia-reperfusion injury. The clinical benefits are mainly due to its ability to improve energy production, antioxidant activity, and membrane stabilizing properties. Several studies showed that coenzyme Q could be useful in patients with congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease and in the preservation of myocardium. Coenzyme Q10 is normally present in the low density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction and inhibits its oxidation. It can also regenerate vitamin E. Coenzyme Q10 is known for producing minor gastrointestinal discomfort and elevation in SGOT and LDH when used.

Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Ubiquinone

The literature concerning the importance of Q10 for health and disease has been reviewed. Dietary intake together with normal in vivo synthesis seems to fulfil the body's demands for Q10 in younger, healthy individuals. The importance of Q10 in general well-being has not been investigated in controlled experiments. The literature allows no firm conclusions about the significance of Q10 in physical activity. In different cardiovascular diseases a positive effect of oral Q10 supplementation has been reported, especially in chronic heart failure. These effects should be further examined. No important adverse side effects have been reported from experiments using daily supplements of up to 200 mg of Q10 for six to twelve months, and 100 mg daily for up to six years.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Physical Fitness; Ubiquinone

Topics: Aging; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Humans; Sports Medicine; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

A defective myocardial energy supply--due to lack of substrates and/or essential cofactors and a poor utilization efficiency of oxygen--may be a common final pathway in the progression of myocardial diseases of various etiologies. The vitamin-like essential substance coenzyme Q10, or ubiquinone, is a natural antioxidant and has a key role in oxidative phosphorylation. A biochemical rationale for using coenzyme Q10 as a therapy in heart disease was established years ago by Folkers and associates; however, this has been further strengthened by investigations of viable myocardial tissue from the author's series of 45 patients with various cardiomyopathies. Myocardial tissue levels of coenzyme Q10 determined by high-performance lipid chromatography were found to be significantly lower in patients with more advanced heart failure compared with those in the milder stages of heart failure. Furthermore, the myocardial tissue coenzyme Q10 deficiency might be restored significantly by oral supplementation in selected cases. In the author's open clinical protocol study with coenzyme Q10 therapy (100 mg daily) nearly two-thirds of patients revealed clinical improvement, most pronounced in those with dilated cardiomyopathy. Double-blind placebo-controlled trials have definitely confirmed that coenzyme Q10 has a place as adjunctive treatment in heart failure with beneficial effects on the clinical outcome, the patients' physical activity, and their quality of life. The positive results have been above and beyond the clinical status obtained from treatment with traditional principles--including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Double-Blind Method; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Middle Aged; Myocardium; Ubiquinone

Co-enzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) is a naturally occurring substance which has properties potentially beneficial for preventing cellular damage during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. It plays a role in oxidative phosphorylation and has membrane stabilizing activity. The substance has been used in oral form to treat various cardiovascular disorders including angina pectoris, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. Its clinical importance is now being established in clinical trails worldwide.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Coenzymes; Doxorubicin; Free Radicals; Heart Arrest, Induced; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension; Ischemia; Reperfusion; Ubiquinone

A biochemical rationale for using CoQ in treating certain cardiovascular diseases has been established. CoQ subserves an endogenous function as an essential cofactor in several metabolic pathways, particularly oxidative respiration. As an exogenous source in supraphysiologic doses, CoQ may have pharmacologic effects that are beneficial to tissues rendered ischemic and then reperfused. Its mechanism of action appears to be that of a free radical scavenger and/or direct membrane stabilizer. Initial clinical studies performed abroad and in the United States indicate that CoQ may be effective in treating certain patients with ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, toxin-induced cardiotoxicity, and possibly hypertension. The most intriguing property of CoQ is its potential to protect and preserve ischemic myocardium during surgery. Currently, CoQ is still considered an experimental agent and only further studies will determine whether it will be useful therapy for human cardiovascular disease states.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Coronary Disease; Humans; Ubiquinone

Serum sulfhydryl groups (R-SH, free thiols) reflect the systemic redox status in health and disease, and may be amenable to therapeutic modulation. Since R-SH are readily oxidized by reactive species, oxidative stress is characterized by reduced serum R-SH levels. Selenium and coenzyme Q. After 48 months of intervention, participants receiving combined selenium and coenzyme Q. Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q

Topics: Aged; Albumins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Oxidation-Reduction; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Ubiquinone

Selenium and coenzyme Q10 have synergistic antioxidant functions. In a four-year supplemental trial in elderly Swedes with a low selenium status, we found improved cardiac function, less cardiac wall tension and reduced cardiovascular mortality up to 12 years of follow-up. Here we briefly review the main results, including those from studies on biomarkers related to cardiovascular risk that were subsequently conducted. In an effort, to explain underlying mechanisms, we conducted a structured analysis of the inter-relationship between biomarkers.. Selenium yeast (200 µg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/ day), or placebo was given to 443 elderly community-living persons, for 48 months. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to investigate the statistical inter-relationships between biomarkers related to inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin-like growth factor 1, expression of microRNA, fibrosis, and endothelial dysfunction and their impact on the clinical effects. The main study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov at 30th of September 2011, and has the identifier NCT01443780.. In addition to positive clinical effects, the intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10 was also associated with favourable effects on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. Using these results in the SEM model, we showed that the weights of the first-order factors inflammation and oxidative stress were high, together forming a second-order factor inflammation/oxidative stress influencing the factors, fibrosis (β = 0.74; p < 0.001) and myocardium (β = 0.65; p < 0.001). According to the model, the intervention impacted fibrosis and myocardium through these factors, resulting in improved cardiac function and reduced CV mortality.. Selenium reduced inflammation and oxidative stress. According to the SEM analysis, these effects reduced fibrosis and improved myocardial function pointing to the importance of supplementation in those low on selenium and coenzyme Q10.

Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Fibrosis; Humans; Inflammation; Latent Class Analysis; Oxidative Stress; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Sweden; Ubiquinone

The use of nutritional supplements to treat hypercholesterolemia is gradually increasing, however further studies on their efficacy and safety are required.. The present clinical trial included patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular risk who were treated either with a nutraceutical preparation containing 3.75mg of monacolin K, 515mg of berberine and 50mg of coenzyme Q10 per tablet (Lipok®) or with a placebo. The clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed at baseline and at three and six months. None of the patients was diabetic, and none was being treated with lipid-lowering drugs or with any other nutritional supplements affecting lipid metabolism.. In patients of the intervention group and of the placebo group, baseline LDL-C was 134.7mg/dL (14.4) and 138.7mg/dL (15.2), respectively. At three months after treatment start, LDL-C had decreased by 26.1mg/dL (-32.4 to 19.7) and increased by 4.5mg/dL (-1.5 to 10.5) in the respective groups. In the intervention group, a similar decrease in non-HDL-C and total cholesterol was observed, while no significant changes were observed in either group for HDL-C, triglycerides and lipoprotein(a). A good tolerance and safety profile was observed.. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the combination of monacolin K, berberine and coenzyme Q10 is effective and safe for treating hypercholesterolemia in patients with a moderate degree of excess LDL-C and cardiovascular risk.

Topics: Berberine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Supplements; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Lipid Metabolism; Lovastatin; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone

Short telomeres have been associated with ageing and cardiovascular disease. The influence on leukocyte telomere length (LTL) of long-term intervention with combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 is unknown. Our aim was to determine whether 42 months of selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation prevented telomere attrition and further cardiovascular mortality. The investigation is an explorative sub-study of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Swedish citizens low in selenium (n = 118), aged 70−80 years, were included. Intervention time was 4 years, with 10 years’ follow-up time. LTL was relatively quantified with PCR at baseline and after 42 months. At baseline, LTL (SD) was 0.954 (0.260) in the active treatment group and 1.018 (0.317) in the placebo group (p = 0.23). At 42 months, less shortening of LTL was observed after active treatment compared with placebo (+0.019 vs. −0.129, respectively, p = 0.02), with a significant difference in change basing the analysis on individual changes in LTL (p < 0.001). Subjects suffering future death presented with significantly shorter LTL at 42 months than survivors [0.791 (0.190) vs. 0.941 (0.279), p = 0.01], with a significant difference in change of LTL according to cardiovascular mortality and survival (p = 0.03). To conclude, preservation of LTL after selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Leukocytes; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Telomere; Ubiquinone

Unprecedented community containment measures were taken following the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy. The aim of the study was to explore the self-reported future compliance of citizens with such measures and its relationship with potentially impactful psychological variables.. An online survey was completed by 931 people (18-76 years) distributed across the Italian territory. In addition to demographics, five dimensions were measured: self-reported compliance with containment measures over time (today, at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days from now) at three hypothetical risk levels (10, 50, 90% of likelihood of contracting the COVID-19), perceived risk, generalized anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and relevance of several psychological needs whose satisfaction is currently precluded.. The duration of containment measures plays a crucial role in tackling the spread of the disease as people will be less compliant over time. Psychological needs of citizens impacting on the compliance should be taken into account when planning an easing of the lockdown, along with interventions for protecting vulnerable groups from mental distress.. La apendicitis aguda (AA) es la urgencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente. No encontramos estudios específicos que evalúen el impacto de la pandemia causada por el coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) sobre la AA y su tratamiento quirúrgico. Analizamos la influencia de esta nueva patología sobre la AA.. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes intervenidos por AA desde enero hasta abril de 2020. Fueron clasificados según el momento de la apendicectomía, antes de la declaración del estado de alarma (Pre-COVID19) y después de la declaración del estado de alarma (Post-COVID19) en España. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, duración de la sintomatología, tipo de apendicitis, tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones postoperatorias.. La pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 influye en el momento de diagnóstico de la apendicitis, así como en su grado de evolución y estancia hospitalaria. La peritonitis fue lo más frecuentemente observado. Una sospecha y orientación clínica más temprana, es necesaria para evitar un manejo inadecuado de este trastorno quirúrgico común.. The primary outcome is improvement in PaO. Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634).. None.. The gut barrier is crucial in cirrhosis in preventing infection-causing bacteria that normally live in the gut from accessing the liver and other organs via the bloodstream. Herein, we characterised gut inflammation by measuring different markers in stool samples from patients at different stages of cirrhosis and comparing this to healthy people. These markers, when compared with equivalent markers usually measured in blood, were found to be very different in pattern and absolute levels, suggesting that there is significant gut inflammation in cirrhosis related to different immune system pathways to that seen outside of the gut. This provides new insights into gut-specific immune disturbances that predispose to complications of cirrhosis, and emphasises that a better understanding of the gut-liver axis is necessary to develop better targeted therapies.. La surveillance de l’intervalle QT a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt durant la pandémie de la COVID-19 en raison de l’utilisation de médicaments prolongeant l’intervalle QT et les préoccupations quant à la transmission virale par les électrocardiogrammes (ECG) en série. Nous avons posé l’hypothèse que la surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT par télémétrie était associée à une meilleure détection des épisodes de prolongation de l’intervalle QT.. Nous avons introduit la télémétrie cardiaque en continu (TCC) à l’aide d’un algorithme de surveillance automatisée de l’intervalle QT dans nos unités de COVID-19. Les mesures automatisées quotidiennes de l’intervalle QT corrigé (auto-QTc) en fonction de la fréquence cardiaque maximale ont été enregistrées. Nous avons comparé la proportion des épisodes de prolongation marquée de l’intervalle QTc (QTc long), définie par un intervalle QTc ≥ 500 ms, chez les patients montrant une suspicion de COVID-19 ou ayant la COVID-19 qui avaient été admis avant et après la mise en place de la TCC (groupe témoin. La surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT est supérieure à la norme de soins dans la détection des épisodes de QTc long et exige peu d’ECG. La réponse clinique aux épisodes de QTc long est sous-optimale.. Exposure to a model wildfire air pollution source modifies cardiovascular responses to HC challenge, suggesting air pollution sensitizes the body to systemic triggers.. Though the majority of HIV-infected adults who were on HAART had shown viral suppression, the rate of suppression was sub-optimal according to the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to help end the AIDS pandemic by 2020. Nonetheless, the rate of immunological recovery in the study cohort was low. Hence, early initiation of HAART should be strengthened to achieve good virological suppression and immunological recovery.. Dust in Egyptian laying hen houses contains high concentrations of microorganisms and endotoxins, which might impair the health of birds and farmers when inhaled. Furthermore, laying hens in Egypt seem to be a reservoir for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Thus, farmers are at risk of exposure to ESBL-producing bacteria, and colonized hens might transmit these bacteria into the food chain.. The lack of significant differences in the absolute changes and relative ratios of injury and repair biomarkers by contrast-associated AKI status suggests that the majority of mild contrast-associated AKI cases may be driven by hemodynamic changes at the kidney.. Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.. PROSPERO database Identifier: CRD42016041953.. Untouched root canal at cross-section perimeter, the Hero 642 system showed 41.44% ± 5.62% and Reciproc R40 58.67% ± 12.39% without contact with instruments. Regarding the untouched area, Hero 642 system showed 22.78% ± 6.42% and Reciproc R40 34.35% ± 8.52%. Neither instrument achieved complete cross-sectional root canal debridement. Hero 642 system rotary taper 0.02 instruments achieved significant greater wall contact perimeter and area compared to reciprocate the Reciproc R40 taper 0.06 instrument.. Hero 642 achieved higher wall contact perimeter and area but, regardless of instrument size and taper, vital pulp during. The functional properties of the main mechanisms involved in the control of muscle Ca. This study showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of the iron-responsive product DHA in arthritis can be monitored by an iron-like radioactive tracer (. Attenuated vascular reactivity during pregnancy suggests that the systemic vasodilatory state partially depletes nitric oxide bioavailability. Preliminary data support the potential for MRI to identify vascular dysfunction in vivo that underlies PE. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:447-455.. La evaluación de riesgo es importante para predecir los resultados postoperatorios en pacientes con cáncer gastroesofágico. Este estudio de cohortes tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la composición corporal durante la quimioterapia neoadyuvante e investigar su asociación con complicaciones postoperatorias. MÉTODOS: Los pacientes consecutivos con cáncer gastroesofágico sometidos a quimioterapia neoadyuvante y cirugía con intención curativa entre 2016 y 2019, identificados a partir de una base de datos específica, se incluyeron en el estudio. Se utilizaron las imágenes de tomografía computarizada, antes y después de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, para evaluar el índice de masa muscular esquelética, la sarcopenia y el índice de grasa visceral y subcutánea.. In this in vitro premature infant lung model, HF oscillation of BCPAP was associated with improved CO. Our results showed that HPC significantly promotes neurogenesis after MCAO and ameliorates neuronal injury.. Inflammatory markers are highly related to signs of systemic hypoperfusion in CS. Moreover, high PCT and IL-6 levels are associated with poor prognosis.. These findings indicate that Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit has a protective potential against stroke through modulation of redox and electrolyte imbalances, and attenuation of neurotransmitter dysregulation and other neurochemical dysfunctions. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit could be a promising source for the discovery of bioactives for stroke therapy.

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiviral Agents; Aotidae; Apelin; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Argentina; Arginine; Artemisinins; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroscopy; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Asteraceae; Asthma; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Auditory Cortex; Autoantibodies; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Basketball; Beclin-1; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzofurans; Benzoxazines; Bereavement; beta Catenin; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Betacoronavirus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Evolution; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Biopsy; Bismuth; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Boron; Botrytis; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cameroon; Camptothecin; Candida; Candida albicans; Capillaries; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Carbapenems; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Carps; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Catalysis; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; 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Myalgia is a common adverse effect of statin therapy, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Statins may reduce levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which is an essential electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport system, thereby impairing mitochondrial respiratory function, potentially leading to myalgia.. To investigate whether statin-induced myalgia is coupled to reduced intramuscular CoQ10 concentration and impaired mitochondrial respiratory function.. Patients receiving simvastatin (i.e., statin) therapy (n = 64) were recruited, of whom 25 experienced myalgia (myalgic group) and 39 had no symptoms of myalgia (NS group). Another 20 had untreated high blood cholesterol levels (control group). Blood and muscle samples were obtained. Intramuscular CoQ10 concentration was measured, and mitochondrial respiratory function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured. Citrate synthase (CS) activity was used as a biomarker of mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle.. Intramuscular CoQ10 concentration was comparable among groups. Mitochondrial complex II-linked respiration was reduced in the statin-myalgic and -NS groups compared with the control group. When mitochondrial respiration was normalized to CS activity, respiration rate was higher in the myalgic group compared with the NS and control groups. Maximal ROS production was similar among groups.. Statin therapy appeared to impair mitochondrial complex-II-linked respiration, but the mitochondrial capacity for complex I+II-linked respiration remained intact. Myalgia was not coupled to reduced intramuscular CoQ10 levels. Intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity was increased with statin-induced myalgia but not accompanied by increased ROS production.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Electron Transport; Electron Transport Complex I; Electron Transport Complex II; Female; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Male; Middle Aged; Mitochondria; Muscle, Skeletal; Myalgia; Reactive Oxygen Species; Simvastatin; Ubiquinone

Probiotics incorporated into dairy products have been shown to reduce total (TC) and LDL cholesterolemia (LDL-C) in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia. More specifically, probiotics with high biliary salt hydrolase activity, e.g. Bifidobacterium longum BB536, may decrease TC and LDL-C by lowering intestinal cholesterol reabsorption and, combined with other nutraceuticals, may be useful to manage hypercholesterolemia in subjects with low cardiovascular (CV) risk. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a nutraceutical combination containing Bifidobacterium longum BB536, red yeast rice (RYR) extract (10 mg/day monacolin K), niacin, coenzyme Q10 (Lactoflorene Colesterolo®). The end-points were changes of lipid CV risk markers (LDL-C, TC, non-HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), HDL-C, apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)), and of markers of cholesterol synthesis/absorption.. A 12-week randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Thirty-three subjects (18-70 years) in primary CV prevention and low CV risk (SCORE: 0-1% in 24 and 2-4% in 9 subjects; LDL-C: 130-200 mg/dL) were randomly allocated to either nutraceutical (N = 16) or placebo (N = 17).. Twelve-week treatment with the nutraceutical combination, compared to placebo, significantly reduced TC (- 16.7%), LDL-C (- 25.7%), non-HDL-C (- 24%) (all p < 0.0001), apoB (- 17%, p = 0.003). TG, HDL-C, apoAI, Lp(a), PCSK9 were unchanged. Lathosterol:TC ratio was significantly reduced by the nutraceutical combination, while campesterol:TC ratio and sitosterol:TC ratio did not change, suggesting reduction of synthesis without increased absorption of cholesterol. No adverse effects and a 97% compliance were observed.. A 12-week treatment with a nutraceutical combination containing the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and RYR extract significantly improved the atherogenic lipid profile and was well tolerated by low CV risk subjects.. NCT02689934 .

Topics: Adult; Bifidobacterium longum; Biological Products; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Male; Middle Aged; Niacin; Placebos; Probiotics; Risk Factors; Ubiquinone

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive age women.. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of CoQ10 and/or vitamin E on cardiometabolic outcomes in patients with PCOS.. This randomized clinical trial was carried out among 86 women with PCOS. Patients were assigned to take CoQ10, vitamin E, CoQ10 plus vitamin E or placebo for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning and end of the study.. A significant decrease in serum triglycerides (TG) (p <0.001) was found following the administration of CoQ10 and/or vitamin E supplements compared with the placebo group. Supplementation with CoQ10 and vitamin E failed to affect total cholesterol levels. However, co-administration of CoQ10 and vitamin E resulted in a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol levels (9.92 [15.11, 4.74]). Additionally, only the combination of supplements was able to significantly reduce low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (‒9.63 [‒15.34, ‒3.92]), increase high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (2.33 [0.51, 4.16), reduce atherogenic coefficient (AC) (‒0.29 [‒0.43, ‒0.16], p = 0.03) and decrease visceral adiposity index (VAI) values. Co-Q10 and vitamin E (alone or in combination) had significant effects on non-HDL-C (p = 0.004), atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) (p = <0.001) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) (p <0.001) and SBP (p = 0.005). However, the reduction in DBP was statistically significant only for patients who received combined supplementations (p = 0.04).. In conclusion, CoQ10, vitamin E (alone or in combination) had beneficial effects on cardiometabolic outcomes among women with PCOS.

Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Obesity, Abdominal; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

In an intervention study where 221 healthy elderly persons received selenium and coenzyme Q10 as a dietary supplement, and 222 received placebo for 4 years we observed improved cardiac function and reduced cardiovascular mortality. As fibrosis is central in the aging process, we investigated the effect of the intervention on biomarkers of fibrogenic activity in a subanalysis of this intervention study.. In the present subanalysis 122 actively treated individuals and 101 controls, the effect of the treatment on eight biomarkers of fibrogenic activity were assessed. These biomarkers were: Cathepsin S, Endostatin, Galectin 3, Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15), Matrix Metalloproteinases 1 and 9, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP 1) and Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 (ST-2). Blood concentrations of these biomarkers after 6 and 42 months were analyzed by the use of T-tests, repeated measures of variance, and factor analyses.. Compared with placebo, in those receiving supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10, all biomarkers except ST2 showed significant decreased concentrations in blood. The changes in concentrations, that is, effects sizes as given by partial eta. The significantly decreased biomarker concentrations in those on active treatment with selenium and coenzyme Q10 compared with those on placebo after 36 months of intervention presumably reflect less fibrogenic activity as a result of the intervention. These observations might indicate that reduced fibrosis precedes the reported improvement in cardiac function, thereby explaining some of the positive clinical effects caused by the intervention. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(2):137-147, 2018.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Cathepsins; Dietary Supplements; Endostatins; Female; Fibrosis; Galectin 3; Growth Differentiation Factor 15; Humans; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Survival Analysis; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; Ubiquinone

Selenium and coenzyme Q10 are both necessary for optimal cell function in the body. The intake of selenium is low in Europe, and the endogenous production of coenzyme Q10 decreases as age increases. Therefore, an intervention trial using selenium and coenzyme Q10 for four years as a dietary supplement was performed. The main publication reported reduced cardiovascular mortality as a result of the intervention. In the present sub-study the objective was to determine whether reduced cardiovascular (CV) mortality persisted after 12 years, in the supplemented population or in subgroups with diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease or reduced functional capacity due to impaired cardiac function.. From a rural municipality in Sweden, four hundred forty-three healthy elderly individuals were included. All cardiovascular mortality was registered, and no participant was lost to the follow-up. Based on death certificates and autopsy results, mortality was registered.. After 12 years a significantly reduced CV mortality could be seen in those supplemented with selenium and coenzyme Q10, with a CV mortality of 28.1% in the active treatment group, and 38.7% in the placebo group. A multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated a reduced CV mortality risk in the active treatment group (HR: 0.59; 95%CI 0.42-0.81; P = 0.001). In those with ischemic heart disease, diabetes, hypertension and impaired functional capacity we demonstrated a significantly reduced CV mortality risk.. This is a 12-year follow-up of a group of healthy elderly participants that were supplemented with selenium and coenzyme Q10 for four years. Even after twelve years we observed a significantly reduced risk for CV mortality in this group, as well as in subgroups of patients with diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease or impaired functional capacity. The results thus validate the results obtained in the 10-year evaluation. The protective action was not confined to the intervention period, but persisted during the follow-up period. The mechanisms behind this effect remain to be fully elucidated, although various effects on cardiac function, oxidative stress, fibrosis and inflammation have previously been identified. Since this was a small study, the observations should be regarded as hypothesis-generating.. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01443780.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Oxidative Stress; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Survival Rate; Sweden; Ubiquinone

Selenium is needed by all living cells in order to ensure the optimal function of several enzyme systems. However, the selenium content in the soil in Europe is generally low. Previous reports indicate that a dietary supplement of selenium could reduce cardiovascular disease but mainly in populations in low selenium areas. The objective of this secondary analysis of a previous randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial from our group was to determine whether the effects on cardiovascular mortality of supplementation with a fixed dose of selenium and coenzyme Q10 combined during a four-year intervention were dependent on the basal level of selenium.. In 668 healthy elderly individuals from a municipality in Sweden, serum selenium concentration was measured. Of these, 219 individuals received daily supplementation with selenium (200 μg Se as selenized yeast) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg) combined for four years. The remaining participants (n = 449) received either placebo (n = 222) or no treatment (n = 227). All cardiovascular mortality was registered. No participant was lost during a median follow-up of 5.2 years. Based on death certificates and autopsy results, all mortality was registered.. The mean serum selenium concentration among participants at baseline was low, 67.1 μg/L. Based on the distribution of selenium concentration at baseline, the supplemented group was divided into three groups; <65 μg/L, 65-85 μg/L, and >85 μg/L (45 and 90 percentiles) and the remaining participants were distributed accordingly. Among the non-treated participants, lower cardiovascular mortality was found in the high selenium group as compared with the low selenium group (13.0% vs. 24.1%; P = 0.04). In the group with the lowest selenium basal concentration, those receiving placebo or no supplementation had a mortality of 24.1%, while mortality was 12.1% in the group receiving the active substance, which was an absolute risk reduction of 12%. In the middle selenium concentration group a mortality of 14.0% in the non-treated group, and 6.0% in the actively treated group could be demonstrated; thus, there was an absolute risk reduction of 8.0%. In the group with a serum concentration of >85 μg/L, a cardiovascular mortality of 17.5% in the non-treated group, and 13.0% in the actively treated group was observed. No significant risk reduction by supplementation could thus be found in this group.. In this evaluation of healthy elderly Swedish municipality members, two important results could be reported. Firstly, a low mean serum selenium concentration, 67 μg/L, was found among the participants, and the cardiovascular mortality was higher in the subgroup with the lower selenium concentrations <65 μg/L in comparison with those having a selenium concentration >85 μg/L. Secondly, supplementation was cardio-protective in those with a low selenium concentration, ≤85 at inclusion. In those with serum selenium>85 μg/L and no apparent deficiency, there was no effect of supplementation. This is a small study, but it presents interesting data, and more research on the impact of lower selenium intake than recommended is therefore warranted.. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01443780.

Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Male; Risk; Selenium; Ubiquinone

Primary cardiovascular (CV) prevention may be achieved by lifestyle/nutrition changes, although a relevant role is now emerging for specific, functional foods and nutraceutical compounds (NCs). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of NCs in lowering blood pressure (BP) and improving lipid profile, when added to diet and lifestyle management versus diet alone in a group of patients with hypertension (HT) and hypercholesterolemia (HCh) with low CV risk.. Sixty-six patients with HT and HCh with grade 1 essential HT (mean age 56.0 ± 4.6 years) without history of CV diseases or organ damage were analyzed. These subjects were started on one tablet of an NC-containing red yeast rice, policosanol, berberine, folic acid and coenzyme Q10 once daily for 6 months and were age and gender matched with subjects following a diet program. Differences in clinic BP, 24-h ambulatory BP (24 h-ABPM), serum total cholesterol, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C) and triglyceride values were compared by analysis of variance.. In the treatment group, a significant reduction of systolic 24 h-ABPM (141.6 ± 6.4 vs. 136.2 ± 4.8 mmHg; p < 0.05) and pulse pressure 24 h-ABPM (52.6 ± 7.2 vs. 47.3 ± 5.4 mmHg; p < 0.05) was found at the end of follow-up. A reduction of total cholesterol (-19.2%), LDL-C (-17.4%) and triglycerides (-16.3%) was observed (p < 0.001 for all); HDL-C remained unchanged. No difference was found in the control group.. The tested NCs was found to be safe, well tolerated and effective in reducing mean 24-h systolic and 24-h pulse pressure and in improving lipid pattern.

Topics: Berberine; Biological Products; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Alcohols; Female; Folic Acid; Health Behavior; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypertension; Life Style; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Ubiquinone

Inflammation and oxidative stress are central in many disease states. The major anti-oxidative enzymes contain selenium. The selenium intake in Europe is low, and supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10, important anti-oxidants, was evaluated in a previous study. The aim of this study was to evaluate response on the inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein, and sP-selectin, and their possible impact on cardiovascular mortality.. 437 elderly individuals were included in the study. Clinical examination, echocardiography, electrocardiography and blood samples were drawn. The intervention time was 48 months, and median follow-up was 5.2 years. The effects on inflammation/atherosclerosis were evaluated through analyses of CRP and sP-selectin. Evaluations of the effect of the intervention was performed using repeated measures of variance. All mortality was registered, and endpoints of mortality were assessed by Kaplan-Meier plots.. The placebo group showed a CRP level of 4.8 ng/mL at the start, and 5.1 ng/mL at the study end. The active supplementation group showed a CRP level of 4.1 ng/mL at the start, and 2.1 ng/mL at the study end. SP-selectin exhibited a level of 56.6 mg/mL at the start in the placebo group and 72.3 mg/mL at the study end, and in the active group the corresponding figures were 55.9 mg/mL and 58.0 mg/mL. A significantly smaller increase was demonstrated through repeated measurements of the two biomarkers in those on active supplementation. Active supplementation showed an effect on the CRP and sP-selectin levels, irrespective of the biomarker levels. Reduced cardiovascular mortality was demonstrated in both those with high and low levels of CRP and sP-selectin in the active supplementation group.. CRP and sP-selectin showed significant changes reflecting effects on inflammation and atherosclerosis in those given selenium and coenzyme Q10 combined. A reduced cardiovascular mortality could be demonstrated in the active group, irrespective of biomarker level. This result should be regarded as hypothesis-generating, and it is hoped it will stimulate more research in the area.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Early Intervention, Educational; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Inflammation; Male; Oxidative Stress; P-Selectin; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Survival Rate; Ubiquinone

Selenium and coenzyme Q10 are important antioxidants in the body. As the intake of selenium is low in Europe, and the endogenous production of coenzyme Q10 decreases as age increases, an intervention trial using selenium and coenzyme Q10 for four years was performed. As previously reported, the intervention was accompanied by reduced cardiovascular mortality. The objective of the present study was to analyze cardiovascular mortality for up to 10 years after intervention, to evaluate if mortality differed in subgroups differentiated by gender, diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and functional class.. Four-hundred forty-three healthy elderly individuals were included from a rural municipality in Sweden. All cardiovascular mortality was registered, and no participant was lost to the follow-up. Based on death certificates and autopsy results mortality was registered.. Significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality could be seen in those on selenium and coenzyme Q10 intervention. A multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated a reduced cardiovascular mortality risk in the active treatment group (HR: 0.51; 95%CI 0.36-0.74; P = 0.0003). The reduced mortality could be seen to persist during the 10-year period. Subgroup analysis showed positive effects in both genders. An equally positive risk reduction could be seen in those with ischemic heart disease (HR: 0.51; 95%CI 0.27-0.97; P = 0.04), but also in the different functional classes.. In a 10-year follow-up of a group of healthy elderly participants given four years of intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10, significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality was observed. The protective action was not confined to the intervention period, but persisted during the follow-up period. The mechanism explaining the persistency remains to be elucidated. Since this was a small study, the observations should be regarded as hypothesis-generating.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Myocardial Ischemia; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Sex Distribution; Ubiquinone

Statins are thought to have anti-atherogenic effects beyond cholesterol lowering. One such mechanism may involve reduction of oxidative stress. The aim of our study was to investigate and to compare the oxidative stress lowering capacity of atorvastatin with that of simvastatin in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease using conventional markers and sensitive markers measured by highly specific techniques such as liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.. We included 30 statin-naive patients with diabetes mellitus, and/or obesity, and/or hypertension (12 male, 18 female, mean age 44.8±11.1 years), and randomised them to receive either atorvastatin 10 mg or simvastatin 40 mg daily to obtain an equimolar cholesterol reduction. Blood and urine samples were obtained at baseline and at 1, 6 and 12 weeks.. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and coenzyme Q10 decreased significantly in both groups. Simvastatin caused a faster initial LDL cholesterol lowering than atorvastatin (p=0.01), but the overall effect after 12 weeks of atorvastatin and simvastatin was similar. Plasma myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde did not change during the study period in the two groups. Urinary F2-isoprostanes decreased gradually and significantly in the atorvastatin group but not in the simvastatin group, but the between-group difference was not significant. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine did not change in the two groups.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Atorvastatin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Deoxyguanosine; F2-Isoprostanes; Female; Heptanoic Acids; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Male; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Peroxidase; Pyrroles; Simvastatin; Ubiquinone

Selenium and coenzyme Q10 are essential for the cell. Low cardiac contents of selenium and coenzyme Q10 have been shown in patients with cardiomyopathy, but inconsistent results are published on the effect of supplementation of the two components separately. A vital relationship exists between the two substances to obtain optimal function of the cell. However, reports on combined supplements are lacking.. A 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among Swedish citizens aged 70 to 88 was performed in 443 participants given combined supplementation of selenium and coenzyme Q10 or a placebo. Clinical examinations, echocardiography and biomarker measurements were performed. Participants were monitored every 6th month throughout the intervention. The cardiac biomarker N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) and echocardiographic changes were monitored and mortalities were registered. End-points of mortality were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazard ratios were adjusted for potential confounding factors. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were applied.. During a follow up time of 5.2 years a significant reduction of cardiovascular mortality was found in the active treatment group vs. the placebo group (5.9% vs. 12.6%; P=0.015). NT-proBNP levels were significantly lower in the active group compared with the placebo group (mean values: 214 ng/L vs. 302 ng/L at 48 months; P=0.014). In echocardiography a significant better cardiac function score was found in the active supplementation compared to the placebo group (P=0.03).. Long-term supplementation of selenium/coenzyme Q10 reduces cardiovascular mortality. The positive effects could also be seen in NT-proBNP levels and on echocardiography.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Peptide Fragments; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Sweden; Ubiquinone

Rapeseeds are naturally rich in cardioprotective micronutrients but refining leads to substantial losses or the production of undesirable compounds. The Optim'Oils European project proposed innovative refining conditions to produce an optimized rapeseed oil enriched in micronutrients and low in trans linolenic acid. We aimed to investigate cardioprotective properties of this Optimized oil. In a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over study, 59 healthy normolipidaemic men consumed either Optimized or Standard rapeseed oils (20 g/d) and margarines (22 g/d) for 3 weeks. The Optimized oil reduced the trans FA concentration (p=0.009) and increased the contents of alpha-tocopherol (p=0.022) and coenzyme Q10 (p<0.001) in comparison with the Standard oil. Over the 3-week trial, Total-/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-/HDL-cholesterol were increased by 4% (p<0.05) with the Standard oil consumption whereas none of them rose with the Optimized rapeseed oil which increased the HDL-cholesterol and ApoA1 plasma content (+2%, NS and +3%, p<0.05 respectively). The effects observed on the plasma HDL-cholesterol levels (p=0.059), the Total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (p=0.092), and on the ApoA1 concentrations (p=0.060) suggest an improvement of the cholesterol profile with the Optimized rapeseed oil. Finally, the Optimized oil reduced the plasma content of LDLox (-6%, NS), this effect being significantly different from the Standard oil (p=0.050). In conclusion, reasonable intake of an Optimized rapeseed oil resulting from innovative refining processes and enriched in cardioprotective micronutrients represent a relevant nutritional approach to prevent the risk of cardiovascular diseases by improving the cholesterol profile and reducing LDL oxidation.

Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Apolipoproteins; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Brassica rapa; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Food, Fortified; Humans; Male; Margarine; Micronutrients; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Phytosterols; Plant Oils; Rapeseed Oil; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

Statins significantly reduce CV morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, one of the side effects of statins is myopathy, for which statins cannot be administered in sufficient doses or administered at all. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of coenzyme Q10 in patients with statin myopathy.. Twenty eight patients aged 60.6±10.7 years were monitored (18 women and 10 men) and treated with different types and doses of statin. Muscle weakness and pain was monitored using a scale of one to ten, on which patients expressed the degree of their inconvenience. Examination of muscle problems was performed prior to administration of CQ10 and after 3 and 6 months of dosing. Statistical analysis was performed using Friedman test, Annova and Students t-test.. Pain decreased on average by 53.8% (p<0.0001), muscle weakness by 44.4% (p<0.0001). The CQ10 levels were increased by more than 194% (from 0,903 μg/ml to 2.66 μg/ml; p<0.0001).. After a six-month administration of coenzyme Q10, muscle pain and sensitivity statistically significantly decreased.

Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Weakness; Musculoskeletal Pain; Patient Satisfaction; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone; Vitamins

The manual workers of the gas-and-oil extraction industry are exposed to hostile environmental and occupational conditions, resulting in elevated mortality and disability, due to chronic neurological and cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated the degree of oxidative stress, often associated with these pathological features, in the blood of manual and office employees of Russian Siberian extraction plants, and their psycho-physiological conditions. Results showed increased levels of spontaneous (p < 0.05) and PMA-activated (p < 0.01) luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) in the white blood cells (WBC), and decreased peroxynitrite levels (p < 0.05) in the group of manual workers, and less markedly in the clerks and technicians working on spot, vs. a control group of city clerks. Superoxide release by WBC, and plasma/WBC membrane ubiquinol levels did not display major differences in the three groups. A relevant percentage of manual/office workers of extraction platforms presented impaired cardiovascular and neurological functions. The short term administration of a nutraceutical formulation based on coenzyme10, vitamin E, selenium, methionine and phospholipids led to significant improvement of cardiovascular parameters and psycho-emotional status, consistent with the normalization of LDCL and peroxynitrite production by WBC, with a good compliance to treatment confirmed by the increased blood levels of ubiquinol.

Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Dietary Supplements; Emotions; Environment; Female; Humans; Industrial Oils; Leukocytes; Luminescent Measurements; Luminol; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Nervous System Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Oxidative Stress; Peroxynitrous Acid; Petroleum; Phospholipids; Russia; Selenium; Siberia; Superoxides; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

Over an eight year period (1985-1993), we treated 424 patients with various forms of cardiovascular disease by adding coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) to their medical regimens. Doses of CoQ10 ranged from 75 to 600 mg/day by mouth (average 242 mg). Treatment was primarily guided by the patient's clinical response. In many instances, CoQ10 levels were employed with the aim of producing a whole blood level greater than or equal to 2.10 micrograms/ml (average 2.92 micrograms/ml, n = 297). Patients were followed for an average of 17.8 months, with a total accumulation of 632 patient years. Eleven patients were omitted from this study: 10 due to non-compliance and one who experienced nausea. Eighteen deaths occurred during the study period with 10 attributable to cardiac causes. Patients were divided into six diagnostic categories: ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), primary diastolic dysfunction (PDD), hypertension (HTN), mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and valvular heart disease (VHD). For the entire group and for each diagnostic category, we evaluated clinical response according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional scale, and found significant improvement. Of 424 patients, 58 per cent improved by one NYHA class, 28% by two classes and 1.2% by three classes. A statistically significant improvement in myocardial function was documented using the following echocardiographic parameters: left ventricular wall thickness, mitral valve inflow slope and fractional shortening. Before treatment with CoQ10, most patients were taking from one to five cardiac medications. During this study, overall medication requirements dropped considerably: 43% stopped between one and three drugs. Only 6% of the patients required the addition of one drug. No apparent side effects from CoQ10 treatment were noted other than a single case of transient nausea. In conclusion, CoQ10 is a safe and effective adjunctive treatment for a broad range of cardiovascular diseases, producing gratifying clinical responses while easing the medical and financial burden of multidrug therapy.

Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Diastole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Echocardiography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Function Tests; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Mitral Valve Prolapse; Myocardial Ischemia; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone

The improved cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure treated with coenzyme Q10 supports the hypothesis that this condition is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and energy starvation, so that it may be ameliorated by coenzyme Q10 supplementation. However, the main clinical problems in patients with congestive heart failure are the frequent need of hospitalization and the high incidence of life-threatening arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, and other serious complications. Thus, we studied the influence of coenzyme Q10 long-term treatment on these events in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association functional class III and IV) receiving conventional treatment for heart failure. They were randomly assigned to receive either placebo (n = 322, mean age 67 years, range 30-88 years) or coenzyme Q10 (n = 319, mean age 67 years, range 26-89 years) at the dosage of 2 mg/kg per day in a 1-year double-blind trial. The number of patients who required hospitalization for worsening heart failure was smaller in the coenzyme Q10 treated group (n = 73) than in the control group (n = 118, P < 0.001). Similarly, the episodes of pulmonary edema or cardiac asthma were reduced in the control group (20 versus 51 and 97 versus 198, respectively; both P < 0.001) as compared to the placebo group. Our results demonstrate that the addition of coenzyme Q10 to conventional therapy significantly reduces hospitalization for worsening of heart failure and the incidence of serious complications in patients with chronic congestive heart failure.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Incidence; Length of Stay; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Ubiquinone

Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become some of the most urgent and prevalent health problems in recent decades, side by side with the growing obesity crisis. The close relationship between T2DM and CVD has become clear: endothelial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from hyperglycaemia are the key factors in the development of vascular complications of T2DM, leading to CVD. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a great candidate for the treatment of these diseases, acting precisely at the intersection between T2DM and CVD that is oxidative stress, due to its strong antioxidant activity and fundamental physiological role in mitochondrial bioenergetics. CoQ10 is a biologically active liposoluble compound comprising a quinone group and a side chain of 10 isoprenoid units, which is synthesized endogenously in the body from tyrosine and mevalonic acid. The main biochemical action of CoQ10 is as a cofactor in the electron transport chain that synthesizes adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As most cellular functions depend on an adequate supply of ATP, CoQ10 is essential for the health of virtually all human tissues and organs. CoQ10 supplementation has been used as an intensifier of mitochondrial function and an antioxidant with the aim of palliating or reducing oxidative damage that can worsen the physiological outcome of a wide range of diseases including T2DM and CVDs.. Although there is not enough evidence to conclude it is effective for different therapeutic indications, CoQ10 supplementation is probably safe and well-tolerated, with few drug interactions and minor side effects. Many valuable advances have been made in the use of CoQ10 in clinical practice for patients with T2DM and a high risk of CVD. However, further research is needed to assess the real safety and benefit to indicate CoQ10 supplementation in patients with T2DM.

Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Ubiquinone

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a potential role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease through improved cellular bioenergetics. Critical illness in the intensive care unit has been reported to be associated with decreased circulating CoQ10 levels, and we previously demonstrated the association of low CoQ10 levels with in-hospital mortality. However, the association of CoQ10 with the acute phase of cardiovascular disease and long-term mortality remains unclear. We enrolled 242 consecutive patients with cardiovascular disease admitted to the coronary care unit of Juntendo University Hospital to investigate the association between long-term mortality and serum CoQ10 levels. During a mean follow-up of 3.2 years, 58 patients died. The mean serum CoQ10 levels were significantly lower in the non-survivors than in the survivors (0.48 ± 0.27 vs. 0.58 ± 0.38 mg/L; p = 0.035). Compared with the patients with above-median CoQ10 levels (0.46 mg/L), the cumulative incidence of all-cause mortality was significantly higher in those with lower CoQ10 levels (p = 0.025). Multivariate Cox regression analysis further demonstrated that lower CoQ10 levels were associated with poor prognosis. Low serum CoQ10 levels during the acute phase of cardiovascular diseases were associated with long-term mortality in patients, suggesting the utility of low serum CoQ10 levels as a predictor and potential therapeutic target.

Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Japan; Male; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Ubiquinone

Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are conditions which fuel atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease. We have previously reported reduced cardiovascular (CV) mortality following supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 to 443 elderly individuals with low selenium status (mean 67 μg/L) for 4 years. Here, we wanted to evaluate a possible association between the supplementation and the plasma concentrations of the von Willebrand factor (vWf), and the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), as they, besides other functions, are also strongly associated with endothelial function.. In this sub-study, 308 individuals (active substance: 157, placebo: 151) were included. Blood samples were drawn after 6 and 36 months and vWf and PAI-1 were determined in plasma by ELISA. Changes in concentrations of the biomarkers were evaluated by the use of T tests, repeated measures of variance, and ANCOVA analyses.. The active treatment group presented a lower level of vWf after 36 months compared with the placebo group (1.08 U/mL vs. 5.10 U/mL; p = 0.0007). The results were validated through the repeated measures of variance evaluation. The PAI-1 levels showed an equally significant decrease in the active group (26.2 ng/mL vs. 49.2 ng/mL; p = 0.0002) and were also validated through repeated measures of variance evaluation.. In this sub-study on elderly receiving selenium and coenzyme Q10, or placebo we found significantly lower levels of vWf and PAI-1 in the active treatment group as compared to the placebo group. We interpret this as a better endothelial function because of the intervention, which accords with a previous finding of reduced CV mortality.

Topics: Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Prospective Studies; Selenium; Tissue Plasminogen Activator; Ubiquinone; von Willebrand Factor

Objectives Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has many vital functions in human body and its endogenous level can be affected either by various diseases or by administrated drugs. This study reveals the effect of atorvastatin, amlodipine and ethoxidol on the endogenous CoQ10 plasma concentration. Methods It was determined the total plasma concentration of endogenous CoQ10 in the plasma of 54 healthy individuals and 62 patients with cardiovascular diseases during treatment with various drugs using high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS). Results It was found that CoQ10 plasma concentration in patients is statistically significantly lower (on average -49.0 Δ%) than in practically healthy individuals. The total CoQ10 plasma level in patients receiving atorvastatin in the complex therapy is statistically significantly lower (-15.2 Δ%), and in patients taking amlodipine or ethoxidol is statistically significantly higher (+18.2 and +20.2 Δ%, respectively) than in patients of control groups (a group of patients who receive the same drugs, except for the studied one). Conclusions The study showed that in patients with CVDs treated with various drugs the CoQ10 plasma level is statistically significantly lower than in practically healthy individuals. So, to avoid the adverse reactions connected with low CoQ10 plasma levels, it is recommended to adjust the therapy to maintain its constant level.

Topics: Amlodipine; Atorvastatin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Ubiquinone

Intrauterine growth restriction, a common consequence of prenatal hypoxia, is a leading cause of fetal morbidity and mortality with a significant impact on population health. Hypoxia may increase placental oxidative stress and lead to an abnormal release of placental-derived factors, which are emerging as potential contributors to developmental programming. Nanoparticle-linked drugs are emerging as a novel method to deliver therapeutics targeted to the placenta and avoid risking direct exposure to the fetus. We hypothesize that placental treatment with antioxidant MitoQ loaded onto nanoparticles (nMitoQ) will prevent the development of cardiovascular disease in offspring exposed to prenatal hypoxia. Pregnant rats were intravenously injected with saline or nMitoQ (125 μM) on gestational day (GD) 15 and exposed to either normoxia (21% O

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fetal Hypoxia; Gestational Age; Hemodynamics; Male; Maternal Exposure; Myocardial Contraction; Nanoparticles; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Placenta; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sex Factors; Ubiquinone; Ventricular Function, Left

OBJECTIVE To determine the plasma total antioxidant capacity, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity, whole blood glutathione peroxidase activity, and plasma coenzyme Q

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Heart Failure; Male; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Ubiquinone

Hypertension is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Adequate vitamin D (vit D) levels have been shown to reduce vascular smooth muscle contraction and to increase arterial compliance, which may be beneficial in hypertension. Further, coenzyme Q10 (COQ10) through its action to lower oxidative stress has been reported to have beneficial effects on hypertension and heart failure. This study examined the possible cardiac and renal protective effects of vit D and COQ10 both separately and in combination with an angiotensin II receptor blocker, valsartan (vals) in l-NAME hypertensive rats.. Hypertension was induced in rats by l-NAME administration. Following induction of hypertension, the rats were assigned into the following 6 subgroups: an l-NAME alone group and treated groups receiving the following drugs intraperitoneally for 6 weeks; vals, vit D, COQ10 and combination of vals with either vit D or COQ10. A group of normotensive rats were used as negative controls. At the end of the treatment period, blood pressure, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, lipids and serum, cardiac and renal parameters of oxidative stress were measured.. Compared to the l-NAME only group, all treatments lowered systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and creatinine levels as well as TNF-α and malondialdehyde. Further, the agents increased serum, cardiac and renal total antioxidant capacity. Interestingly, the combination of agents had further effects on all the parameters compared to treatment with each single agent.. The study suggests that the additive protective effects of vit D and COQ10 when used alone or concurrent with vals treatment in hypertensive rats may be due to their effects as antioxidants, anticytokines and blood pressure conservers.

Topics: Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Hypertension; Kidney Diseases; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ubiquinone; Valsartan; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has a potential role in the prevention and treatment of heart failure through improved cellular bioenergetics. In addition, it has antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and vasodilatory effects that may be beneficial. Although critical illness in intensive care unit is associated with decreased circulating CoQ10 levels, the clinical significance of CoQ10 levels during acute phase in the patients of cardiovascular disease remains unclear. We enrolled 257 consecutive cardiovascular patients admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU). Serum CoQ10 levels were measured after an overnight fast within 24 h of admission. We examined the comparison of serum CoQ10 levels between survivors and in-hospital mortalities in patients with cardiovascular disease. Serum CoQ10 levels during the acute phase in patients admitted to the CCU had similar independent of the diagnosis. CoQ10 levels were significantly lower in patients with in-hospital mortalities than in survivors (0.43 ± 0.19 vs. 0.55 ± 0.35 mg/L, P = 0.04). In patients admitted to the CCU, CoQ10 levels were negatively associated with age and C-reactive protein levels, and positively associated with body mass index, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Low CoQ10 levels correlated with low diastolic blood pressure. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that low CoQ10 levels were an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. Low serum CoQ10 levels during acute phase are significantly associated with cardiovascular risk and in-hospital mortality in patients admitted to the CCU.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coronary Care Units; Female; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Humans; Inflammation; Japan; Lipoproteins, HDL; Logistic Models; Male; Malnutrition; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Risk Factors; ROC Curve; Ubiquinone

Although statins remain the cornerstone of lipid-lowering therapy for reducing the burden of atherosclerotic vascular disease, their administration has been associated with muscle-related adverse effects, including myalgia and rhabdomyolysis. Such adverse events are probably due to reduced antioxidant defenses associated with fewer intermediate metabolites in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. We hypothesize that the concomitant inhibition of xanthine oxidase via coadministration of allopurinol with statins could diminish reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related muscle damage, which would have in turn have positive effects on both the incidence of muscle-related adverse events and cardiovascular outcomes. Accordingly, inhibition of xanthine oxidase has been previously shown to be effective for reducing biomarkers of muscle damage following exercise in professional athletes. Because of the widespread statin utilization and increasing trends in their therapeutic use in atherosclerotic vascular diseases, the proposed strategy could have important clinical implications for reducing statin-induced myalgia and rhabdomyolysis.

Topics: Allopurinol; Animals; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypercholesterolemia; Myalgia; Reactive Oxygen Species; Rhabdomyolysis; Ubiquinone; Xanthine Oxidase

Accelerated atherosclerosis is the major cause of mortality in patients on chronic maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) is a new risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between plasma coenzyme Q10 levels (Co-Q10) which is a potent physiologic antioxidant and EFT thickness in HD patients.. Seventy one chronic HD patients and 65 age and sex matched healthy individuals were included in the study. Plasma Co-Q10 levels were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements. EFT was measured by transthoracic echocardiograpy (TTE) performed with a VIVID 7 instrument.. Plasma Co-Q10 levels (1.36±0.43 vs 2.53±0.55, p<0.001) were significantly lower in HD patients compared to controls. EFT was significantly increased in HD patients compared to healthy controls (6.53±1.01 vs. 5.79±1.06 mm respectively, p<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that plasma Co-Q10 levels were inversely correlated with EFT (r=-0.263, p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to define independent determinants of EFT in HD patients. According to linear regression analysis, age, BMI, total cholesterol and Co-Q10 levels were found to be independent predictors of EFT (adjusted r(2)=0.38, p<0.001).. This study demonstrated that EFT thickness was significantly higher among HD patients compared to healthy controls. In addition; this study was the first to demonstrate an inverse correlation between EFT thickness and Co-Q10 levels in this patient population.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Case-Control Studies; Echocardiography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pericardium; Renal Dialysis; Risk Factors; Ubiquinone

Low birth weight and rapid postnatal growth increases risk of cardiovascular-disease (CVD); however, underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that rats exposed to a low-protein diet in utero that underwent postnatal catch-up growth (recuperated) have a programmed deficit in cardiac coenzyme Q (CoQ) that was associated with accelerated cardiac aging. It is unknown whether this deficit occurs in all tissues, including those that are clinically accessible. We investigated whether aortic and white blood cell (WBC) CoQ is programmed by suboptimal early nutrition and whether postweaning dietary supplementation with CoQ could prevent programmed accelerated aging. Recuperated male rats had reduced aortic CoQ [22 d (35±8.4%; P<0.05); 12 m (53±8.8%; P<0.05)], accelerated aortic telomere shortening (P<0.01), increased DNA damage (79±13% increase in nei-endonucleaseVIII-like-1), increased oxidative stress (458±67% increase in NAPDH-oxidase-4; P<0.001), and decreased mitochondrial complex II-III activity (P<0.05). Postweaning dietary supplementation with CoQ prevented these detrimental programming effects. Recuperated WBCs also had reduced CoQ (74±5.8%; P<0.05). Notably, WBC CoQ levels correlated with aortic telomere-length (P<0.0001) suggesting its potential as a diagnostic marker of vascular aging. We conclude that early intervention with CoQ in at-risk individuals may be a cost-effective and safe way of reducing the global burden of CVDs.

Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Female; Oxidative Stress; Pregnancy; Rats, Wistar; Telomerase; Ubiquinone

Statins such as simvastatin are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors and standard therapy for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in mammals. Here we show that simvastatin significantly increased the mean and maximum lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila) and enhanced cardiac function in aging flies by significantly reducing heart arrhythmias and increasing the contraction proportion of the contraction/relaxation cycle. These results appeared independent of internal changes in ubiquinone or juvenile hormone levels. Rather, they appeared to involve decreased protein prenylation. Simvastatin decreased the membrane association (prenylation) of specific small Ras GTPases in mice. Both farnesyl (L744832) and type 1 geranylgeranyl transferase (GGTI-298) inhibitors increased Drosophila lifespan. These data are the most direct evidence to date that decreased protein prenylation can increase cardiac health and lifespan in any metazoan species, and may explain the pleiotropic (non-cholesterol related) health effects of statins.

Topics: Aging; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzamides; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drosophila melanogaster; Feeding Behavior; Heart; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Longevity; Male; Methionine; Mice; Simvastatin; Ubiquinone

In periodontitis it has been found that some perturbation exists in lipid biomarkers, such as increased serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Nevertheless, the relationship between fatty acids and periodontitis has been demonstrated only in a few studies and remains controversial. The aim of this investigation was to explore the effects of periodontitis on a cluster of traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors such as plasma-lipids profile, types of plasma fatty acids, adhesion molecules and systemic inflammatory markers.. At a university dental school, 56 patients all over 35 years old were enrolled and invited to participate in the study. Total plasma fatty acids, saturated, n-6 polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, peroxidability index, soluble VCAM, TNF-alpha, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and VLDL-c were significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the non-periodontitis group.. This close association found between plasma triacylglycerols, LDL-c, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, total amount of fatty acids and coenzyme Q(10) with some periodontal data such as periodontal probing depth, recession of the gingival margin and clinical attachment level (Pearson correlation between 0.3 and 0.6), leads to the conclusion that there is an inter-relationship between periodontitis, plasma fatty acids profile and the increase in metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, VLDL; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Risk Factors; Schools, Dental; Triglycerides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ubiquinone; Up-Regulation; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Mitochondria, Muscle; Myocardium; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Ubiquinone

There is now evidence that major depression is accompanied by an induction of inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways and by a lowered antioxidant status. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a strong antioxidant that has anti-inflammatory effects.. This paper examines the plasma concentrations of CoQ10 in 35 depressed patients and 22 normal volunteers and the relationships between plasma CoQ10 and treatment resistant depression (TRD), the severity of illness as measured by means of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the presence of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).. We found that plasma CoQ10 was significantly (p=0.0002) lower in depressed patients than in normal controls. 51.4% of the depressed patients had plasma CoQ10 values that were lower than the lowest plasma CoQ10 value detected in the controls. Plasma CoQ10 was significantly lower in patients with TRD and with CFS than in the other depressed patients. There were no significant correlations between plasma CoQ10 and the HDRS.. The results show that lower CoQ10 plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression and in particular in TRD and CFS accompanying depression. It is suggested that depressed patients may benefit from CoQ10 supplementation. The findings that lower CoQ10 is a risk factor to coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure (CHF) and mortality due to CHF suggest that low CoQ10 is another factor explaining the risk to cardiovascular disorder in depression. Since statins significantly lower plasma CoQ10, depressed patients and in particular those with TRD and CFS represent populations at risk to statin treatment.

Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic Disease; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Resistance; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Risk Factors; Ubiquinone; Vasculitis

We investigated the association of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) with coenzyme Q (CoQ) and cardiovascular risk factors.. A prospective study.. Hospital center.. Thirty Italian patients with ISSNHL and 60 healthy Italian subjects.. Diagnostic.. Evaluation of serum CoQ levels and cardiovascular risk factors (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein [LDL], homocysteine [HCY]). The results were compared with variance analysis and Student's t test. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the association between ISSNHL and CoQ, total cholesterol, LDL, and HCY levels.. In our series, we found a significant association between ISSNHL and high total cholesterol (p < 0.05), high LDL (p = 0.021), and low CoQ (p < 0.05) levels. We did not find a significant association between ISSNHL and HCY levels. In the univariate analysis, low levels of CoQ, high levels of total cholesterol, and LDL were found to be significantly associated with ISSNHL. In the multivariate analysis, only high levels of total cholesterol and low levels of CoQ remained significantly associated with a high risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.. The studies regarding the role of cardiovascular risk factors in ISSNHL are not conclusive. This is the first report regarding the association of ISSNHL and low serum levels of the antioxidant CoQ. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of antioxidants, including CoQ, in ISSNHL.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antioxidants; Audiometry; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Coenzymes; Female; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Homocysteine; Humans; Italy; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Ubiquinone

Dietary coenzyme Q(10) prolongs life span of rats fed on a PUFAn-6-enriched diet. Our aim was to analyze changes in the levels of plasma proteins of rats fed on a PUFAn-6 plus coenzyme Q(10)-based diet. This approach could give novel insights into the mechanisms of life span extension by dietary coenzyme Q(10) in the rat. Serum albumin, which decreases with aging in the rat, was significantly increased by coenzyme Q(10) supplementation both at 6 and 24 months. After depletion of the most abundant proteins by affinity chromatography, levels of less abundant plasma proteins were also studied by using 2D-electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass fingerprinting analysis. Our results have shown that lifelong dietary supplementation with coenzyme Q(10) induced significant decreases of plasma hemopexin, apolipoprotein H and inter-alpha-inhibitor H4P heavy chain (at both 6 and 24 months), preprohaptoglobin, fibrinogen gamma-chain precursor, and fetuin-like protein (at 6 months), and alpha-1-antitrypsin precursor and type II peroxiredoxin (at 24 months). On the other hand, coenzyme Q(10) supplementation resulted in significant increases of serine protease inhibitor 3, vitamin D-binding protein (at 6 months), and Apo A-I (at 24 months). Our results support a beneficial role of dietary coenzyme Q(10) decreasing oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk, and modulating inflammation during aging.

Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Dietary Supplements; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Inflammation; Longevity; Male; Oxidative Stress; Proteome; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ubiquinone

Statins decrease LDL cholesterol and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). They also decrease coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an effect that may negate some of the statin benefit on CVD. We examined the relationship between plasma CoQ10 concentration and CVD in a prospective case-control study of the effect of pravastatin. Plasma samples from 250 LIPID trial patients who over 6 years suffered a recurrent CVD event (CVD death, nonfatal MI or stroke) and 250 matched controls who remained event-free for the same duration of follow-up were assayed for CoQ10 and lipids (cholesterol and cholesterylesters). Mean plasma CoQ10 concentrations were significantly lower in pravastatin-treated patients than in those assigned placebo (0.51 versus 0.60 micromol/L, P = 0.006), and there was a moderate correlation between CoQ10 and common cholesterylesters (Pearson correlation coefficients in patients randomised to placebo, range r = 0.42-0.63). Univariate conditional logistic regression did not suggest any relationship between plasma CoQ10 and the risk of future CVD events (odds ratio 1.18; 95% CI 0.74-1.87; P = 0.49). Instead, we observed a reduction in the rate of recurrent CVD events with increasing ratio of plasma cholesterylarachidonate to cholesteryllinoleate. This study confirms that pravastatin lowers plasma CoQ10 concentrations, but this does not appear to predict the risk of recurrent CVD events.

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Coenzymes; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Lipids; Placebos; Pravastatin; Prospective Studies; Recurrence; Regression Analysis; Risk; Ubiquinone

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Endotoxemia; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Ubiquinone

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Research Design; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) are widely used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease and for the prevention of stroke. There have been various adverse effects, most commonly affecting muscle and ranging from myalgia to rhabdomyolysis. These adverse effects may be due to a coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) deficiency because inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis also inhibits the synthesis of CoQ(10).. To measure CoQ(10) levels in blood from hypercholesterolemic subjects before and after exposure to atorvastatin calcium, 80 mg/d, for 14 and 30 days.. Prospective blinded study of the effects of short-term exposure to atorvastatin on blood levels of CoQ(10).. Stroke center at an academic tertiary care hospital. Patients We examined a cohort of 34 subjects eligible for statin treatment according to National Cholesterol Education Program: Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.. The mean +/- SD blood concentration of CoQ(10) was 1.26 +/- 0.47 micro g/mL at baseline, and decreased to 0.62 +/- 0.39 micro g/mL after 30 days of atorvastatin therapy (P<.001). A significant decrease was already detectable after 14 days of treatment (P<.001).. Even brief exposure to atorvastatin causes a marked decrease in blood CoQ(10) concentration. Widespread inhibition of CoQ(10) synthesis could explain the most commonly reported adverse effects of statins, especially exercise intolerance, myalgia, and myoglobinuria.

Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Atorvastatin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Female; Heptanoic Acids; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Pyrroles; Risk Factors; Stroke; Ubiquinone

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Attitude to Health; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Fatty Alcohols; Health Promotion; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypertension; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Quality of Life; Self Medication; Ubiquinone; United States

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Coenzymes; Drug Synergism; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Pyridines; Rhabdomyolysis; Ubiquinone; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration

Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Humans; Malpractice; Ubiquinone

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Ubiquinone

Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Ubiquinone

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Ubiquinone

Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chelation Therapy; Coenzymes; Complementary Therapies; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Phytotherapy; Rosales; Ubiquinone

It has been widely indicated that several pathological conditions depend upon concomitant risk factors rather than a unique one and that also the putative protective factors do not act alone. For these reasons it could be useful to consider subjects that present sufficiently homogeneous lifestyles (i.e. nutrition and physical activity). We carried out an investigation in a free-living community in order to clarify the possible correlations and differences among plasma metabolic and antioxidant markers in non-agonistic athletes. When subjects were divided in two main groups according to age (35-44 and 45-54 years) without considering the activity they performed, Duncan's analysis of variance revealed that they showed similar characteristics and only triglyceride levels were different. A clear negative correlation was found between vitamin E and VO2max in both age groups, a negative correlation was also found between CoQ10 and VO2max in the younger subjects and finally CoQ10 and vitamin E were also positively correlated in this first group. It appears, therefore, that people with a higher aerobic capacity have lower circulating levels of antioxidants.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antioxidants; Bicycling; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Coenzymes; Exercise Test; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Oxygen Consumption; Risk Factors; Running; Sports; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Coenzymes; Coronary Disease; Humans; Ubiquinone

Blood samples from 406 cardiac patients were analyzed by a differential assay of the specific activities (s.a.) of the succinate dhydrogenase-coenzyme Q-10 reductase to detect and quantitate existing deficiencies of coenzyme Q-10. 87/406, or ca. 20%, showed a mean lower basal S.A. and a mean higher per cent deficiency than a control group; both differences were significant (p is less than 0.001). The remaining 319 patients (80%) showed a negligible deficiency, but a mean low basal S.A., significant by p is less than 0.001. Cardiac patients may show low S.A.'s (sub-normal) of this CoQ-10-enzyme with or without a deficiency of CoQ-10. The desirable state for the patient is a normal level of the enzyme for bioenergetics and no deficiency of CoQ-10. Previously, a deficiency of CoQ-10 was found for cardiac biopsies from surgery; now, blood samples reveal the same deficiency. Frequent correlation between deficiencies in the blood and cardiac tissue is expected. This CoQ-10-enzyme in blood can aid patient selection for the clinical administration of CoQ-10 to cardiac patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Ubiquinone

Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Leukocytes; Mitochondria; Mitochondria, Muscle; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Ubiquinone

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Atrial Function; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Deficiency Diseases; Electrocardiography; Electron Transport; Female; Heart Diseases; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Ubiquinone

Topics: Animals; Benzoates; Carbon Isotopes; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chick Embryo; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Culture Techniques; Heart; Myocardium; Stress, Physiological; Ubiquinone