ubiquinone and Breast-Neoplasms

Unprecedented community containment measures were taken following the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy. The aim of the study was to explore the self-reported future compliance of citizens with such measures and its relationship with potentially impactful psychological variables.. An online survey was completed by 931 people (18-76 years) distributed across the Italian territory. In addition to demographics, five dimensions were measured: self-reported compliance with containment measures over time (today, at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days from now) at three hypothetical risk levels (10, 50, 90% of likelihood of contracting the COVID-19), perceived risk, generalized anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and relevance of several psychological needs whose satisfaction is currently precluded.. The duration of containment measures plays a crucial role in tackling the spread of the disease as people will be less compliant over time. Psychological needs of citizens impacting on the compliance should be taken into account when planning an easing of the lockdown, along with interventions for protecting vulnerable groups from mental distress.. La apendicitis aguda (AA) es la urgencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente. No encontramos estudios específicos que evalúen el impacto de la pandemia causada por el coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) sobre la AA y su tratamiento quirúrgico. Analizamos la influencia de esta nueva patología sobre la AA.. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes intervenidos por AA desde enero hasta abril de 2020. Fueron clasificados según el momento de la apendicectomía, antes de la declaración del estado de alarma (Pre-COVID19) y después de la declaración del estado de alarma (Post-COVID19) en España. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, duración de la sintomatología, tipo de apendicitis, tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones postoperatorias.. La pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 influye en el momento de diagnóstico de la apendicitis, así como en su grado de evolución y estancia hospitalaria. La peritonitis fue lo más frecuentemente observado. Una sospecha y orientación clínica más temprana, es necesaria para evitar un manejo inadecuado de este trastorno quirúrgico común.. The primary outcome is improvement in PaO. Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634).. None.. The gut barrier is crucial in cirrhosis in preventing infection-causing bacteria that normally live in the gut from accessing the liver and other organs via the bloodstream. Herein, we characterised gut inflammation by measuring different markers in stool samples from patients at different stages of cirrhosis and comparing this to healthy people. These markers, when compared with equivalent markers usually measured in blood, were found to be very different in pattern and absolute levels, suggesting that there is significant gut inflammation in cirrhosis related to different immune system pathways to that seen outside of the gut. This provides new insights into gut-specific immune disturbances that predispose to complications of cirrhosis, and emphasises that a better understanding of the gut-liver axis is necessary to develop better targeted therapies.. La surveillance de l’intervalle QT a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt durant la pandémie de la COVID-19 en raison de l’utilisation de médicaments prolongeant l’intervalle QT et les préoccupations quant à la transmission virale par les électrocardiogrammes (ECG) en série. Nous avons posé l’hypothèse que la surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT par télémétrie était associée à une meilleure détection des épisodes de prolongation de l’intervalle QT.. Nous avons introduit la télémétrie cardiaque en continu (TCC) à l’aide d’un algorithme de surveillance automatisée de l’intervalle QT dans nos unités de COVID-19. Les mesures automatisées quotidiennes de l’intervalle QT corrigé (auto-QTc) en fonction de la fréquence cardiaque maximale ont été enregistrées. Nous avons comparé la proportion des épisodes de prolongation marquée de l’intervalle QTc (QTc long), définie par un intervalle QTc ≥ 500 ms, chez les patients montrant une suspicion de COVID-19 ou ayant la COVID-19 qui avaient été admis avant et après la mise en place de la TCC (groupe témoin. La surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT est supérieure à la norme de soins dans la détection des épisodes de QTc long et exige peu d’ECG. La réponse clinique aux épisodes de QTc long est sous-optimale.. Exposure to a model wildfire air pollution source modifies cardiovascular responses to HC challenge, suggesting air pollution sensitizes the body to systemic triggers.. Though the majority of HIV-infected adults who were on HAART had shown viral suppression, the rate of suppression was sub-optimal according to the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to help end the AIDS pandemic by 2020. Nonetheless, the rate of immunological recovery in the study cohort was low. Hence, early initiation of HAART should be strengthened to achieve good virological suppression and immunological recovery.. Dust in Egyptian laying hen houses contains high concentrations of microorganisms and endotoxins, which might impair the health of birds and farmers when inhaled. Furthermore, laying hens in Egypt seem to be a reservoir for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Thus, farmers are at risk of exposure to ESBL-producing bacteria, and colonized hens might transmit these bacteria into the food chain.. The lack of significant differences in the absolute changes and relative ratios of injury and repair biomarkers by contrast-associated AKI status suggests that the majority of mild contrast-associated AKI cases may be driven by hemodynamic changes at the kidney.. Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.. PROSPERO database Identifier: CRD42016041953.. Untouched root canal at cross-section perimeter, the Hero 642 system showed 41.44% ± 5.62% and Reciproc R40 58.67% ± 12.39% without contact with instruments. Regarding the untouched area, Hero 642 system showed 22.78% ± 6.42% and Reciproc R40 34.35% ± 8.52%. Neither instrument achieved complete cross-sectional root canal debridement. Hero 642 system rotary taper 0.02 instruments achieved significant greater wall contact perimeter and area compared to reciprocate the Reciproc R40 taper 0.06 instrument.. Hero 642 achieved higher wall contact perimeter and area but, regardless of instrument size and taper, vital pulp during. The functional properties of the main mechanisms involved in the control of muscle Ca. This study showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of the iron-responsive product DHA in arthritis can be monitored by an iron-like radioactive tracer (. Attenuated vascular reactivity during pregnancy suggests that the systemic vasodilatory state partially depletes nitric oxide bioavailability. Preliminary data support the potential for MRI to identify vascular dysfunction in vivo that underlies PE. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:447-455.. La evaluación de riesgo es importante para predecir los resultados postoperatorios en pacientes con cáncer gastroesofágico. Este estudio de cohortes tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la composición corporal durante la quimioterapia neoadyuvante e investigar su asociación con complicaciones postoperatorias. MÉTODOS: Los pacientes consecutivos con cáncer gastroesofágico sometidos a quimioterapia neoadyuvante y cirugía con intención curativa entre 2016 y 2019, identificados a partir de una base de datos específica, se incluyeron en el estudio. Se utilizaron las imágenes de tomografía computarizada, antes y después de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, para evaluar el índice de masa muscular esquelética, la sarcopenia y el índice de grasa visceral y subcutánea.. In this in vitro premature infant lung model, HF oscillation of BCPAP was associated with improved CO. Our results showed that HPC significantly promotes neurogenesis after MCAO and ameliorates neuronal injury.. Inflammatory markers are highly related to signs of systemic hypoperfusion in CS. Moreover, high PCT and IL-6 levels are associated with poor prognosis.. These findings indicate that Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit has a protective potential against stroke through modulation of redox and electrolyte imbalances, and attenuation of neurotransmitter dysregulation and other neurochemical dysfunctions. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit could be a promising source for the discovery of bioactives for stroke therapy.

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiviral Agents; Aotidae; Apelin; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Argentina; Arginine; Artemisinins; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroscopy; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Asteraceae; Asthma; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Auditory Cortex; Autoantibodies; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Basketball; Beclin-1; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzofurans; Benzoxazines; Bereavement; beta Catenin; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Betacoronavirus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Evolution; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Biopsy; Bismuth; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Boron; Botrytis; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cameroon; Camptothecin; Candida; Candida albicans; Capillaries; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Carbapenems; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Carps; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Catalysis; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Centrosome; Ceratopogonidae; Chickens; Child; China; Cholera Toxin; Choline; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Chronic Disease; Cinnamates; Cities; Citrates; Climate Change; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Coal; Coal Mining; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Colchicine; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Common Cold; Complement Factor H; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Contrast Media; Coordination Complexes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Cosmetics; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crotonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Culicidae; Culture Media; Curcuma; Cyclopentanes; Cyclopropanes; Cymbopogon; Cystine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors; 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Pyridines; Pyrrolidines; Quality of Life; Quantum Dots; Quinoxalines; Quorum Sensing; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rain; Random Allocation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptor, PAR-1; Receptors, CXCR4; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Receptors, Interleukin-17; Receptors, Notch; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Reducing Agents; Reflex, Startle; Regional Blood Flow; Regression Analysis; Reperfusion Injury; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Rituximab; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Rosmarinic Acid; Running; Ruthenium; Rutin; Sarcolemma; Sarcoma; Sarcopenia; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; SARS-CoV-2; Scavenger Receptors, Class A; Schools; Seasons; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; 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Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are associated with breast cancer. CoQ10 as an adjuvant treatment with conventional anti-cancer chemotherapy has been demonstrated to help in the inflammatory process and OS. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CoQ10 supplementation on levels of inflammatory markers, OS parameters, and matrix metalloproteinases/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (MMPs/TIMPs) in patients with breast cancer.. A systematic literature search was carried out using electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase, up to December 2020 to identify eligible RCTs evaluating the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on OS biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines, and MMPs/TIMPs. From 827 potential reports, 5 eligible studies consisting of 9 trials were finally included in the current meta-analysis. Quality assessment and heterogeneity tests of the selected trials were performed using the PRISMA checklist protocol and the I. Overall, the findings showed that CoQ10 supplementation reduced some of the important markers of inflammation and MMPs in patients with breast cancer. However, further studies with controlled trials for other types of cancer are needed to better understand and confirm the effect of CoQ10 on tumor therapy.

Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Breast Neoplasms; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Oxidative Stress; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancers with high rates of morbidity and mortality. By now numerous medical approaches are available for treatment of BC including chemotherapies, radiation and surgery. These are accompanied by several complications like partial effectiveness, fatal adverse effects and high cost. Numerous studies in recent years tried to find safe and effective alternatives. A promising candidate is coenzyme Q10 which is an antioxidant that can target the mechanisms of BC tumor progression.. In this systematic review via PubMed searching, sparse but promising findings were classified about the successful application of this compound as an adjunct in prevention and treatment of BC and its comorbidities with some contradicting data about its null effect.. According to the results, further well-designed clinical studies with dose optimization are now required to stratify the role of this supplement in current BC regimens.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Disease Management; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Humans; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone

New data on blood levels of vitamin Q10 in 116 cancer patients reveal an incidence of 23.1% of patients (N=17) with breast cancer whose blood levels were below 0.5 microg/ml. The incidence of breast cancer cases with levels below 0.6 microg/ml was 38.5%. The incidence is higher (p<0.05) than that for a group of ordinary people. Patients (N=15) with myeloma showed a mean blood level of 0.67 +/- 0.17 microg/ml. The incidence of a vitamin Q10 blood level below 0.7 microg/ml for these 15 cases of myeloma was 53.3%, which is higher (p<0.05) than the 24.5% found for a group of ordinary people.

Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Coenzymes; Female; Humans; Male; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Reference Values; Ubiquinone

Unprecedented community containment measures were taken following the recent outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy. The aim of the study was to explore the self-reported future compliance of citizens with such measures and its relationship with potentially impactful psychological variables.. An online survey was completed by 931 people (18-76 years) distributed across the Italian territory. In addition to demographics, five dimensions were measured: self-reported compliance with containment measures over time (today, at 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days from now) at three hypothetical risk levels (10, 50, 90% of likelihood of contracting the COVID-19), perceived risk, generalized anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and relevance of several psychological needs whose satisfaction is currently precluded.. The duration of containment measures plays a crucial role in tackling the spread of the disease as people will be less compliant over time. Psychological needs of citizens impacting on the compliance should be taken into account when planning an easing of the lockdown, along with interventions for protecting vulnerable groups from mental distress.. La apendicitis aguda (AA) es la urgencia quirúrgica abdominal más frecuente. No encontramos estudios específicos que evalúen el impacto de la pandemia causada por el coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) sobre la AA y su tratamiento quirúrgico. Analizamos la influencia de esta nueva patología sobre la AA.. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes intervenidos por AA desde enero hasta abril de 2020. Fueron clasificados según el momento de la apendicectomía, antes de la declaración del estado de alarma (Pre-COVID19) y después de la declaración del estado de alarma (Post-COVID19) en España. Se evaluaron variables demográficas, duración de la sintomatología, tipo de apendicitis, tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria y complicaciones postoperatorias.. La pandemia por SARS-Cov-2 influye en el momento de diagnóstico de la apendicitis, así como en su grado de evolución y estancia hospitalaria. La peritonitis fue lo más frecuentemente observado. Una sospecha y orientación clínica más temprana, es necesaria para evitar un manejo inadecuado de este trastorno quirúrgico común.. The primary outcome is improvement in PaO. Findings will provide timely information on the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosing of t-PA to treat moderate/severe COVID-19-induced ARDS, which can be rapidly adapted to a phase III trial (NCT04357730; FDA IND 149634).. None.. The gut barrier is crucial in cirrhosis in preventing infection-causing bacteria that normally live in the gut from accessing the liver and other organs via the bloodstream. Herein, we characterised gut inflammation by measuring different markers in stool samples from patients at different stages of cirrhosis and comparing this to healthy people. These markers, when compared with equivalent markers usually measured in blood, were found to be very different in pattern and absolute levels, suggesting that there is significant gut inflammation in cirrhosis related to different immune system pathways to that seen outside of the gut. This provides new insights into gut-specific immune disturbances that predispose to complications of cirrhosis, and emphasises that a better understanding of the gut-liver axis is necessary to develop better targeted therapies.. La surveillance de l’intervalle QT a suscité beaucoup d’intérêt durant la pandémie de la COVID-19 en raison de l’utilisation de médicaments prolongeant l’intervalle QT et les préoccupations quant à la transmission virale par les électrocardiogrammes (ECG) en série. Nous avons posé l’hypothèse que la surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT par télémétrie était associée à une meilleure détection des épisodes de prolongation de l’intervalle QT.. Nous avons introduit la télémétrie cardiaque en continu (TCC) à l’aide d’un algorithme de surveillance automatisée de l’intervalle QT dans nos unités de COVID-19. Les mesures automatisées quotidiennes de l’intervalle QT corrigé (auto-QTc) en fonction de la fréquence cardiaque maximale ont été enregistrées. Nous avons comparé la proportion des épisodes de prolongation marquée de l’intervalle QTc (QTc long), définie par un intervalle QTc ≥ 500 ms, chez les patients montrant une suspicion de COVID-19 ou ayant la COVID-19 qui avaient été admis avant et après la mise en place de la TCC (groupe témoin. La surveillance en continu de l’intervalle QT est supérieure à la norme de soins dans la détection des épisodes de QTc long et exige peu d’ECG. La réponse clinique aux épisodes de QTc long est sous-optimale.. Exposure to a model wildfire air pollution source modifies cardiovascular responses to HC challenge, suggesting air pollution sensitizes the body to systemic triggers.. Though the majority of HIV-infected adults who were on HAART had shown viral suppression, the rate of suppression was sub-optimal according to the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target to help end the AIDS pandemic by 2020. Nonetheless, the rate of immunological recovery in the study cohort was low. Hence, early initiation of HAART should be strengthened to achieve good virological suppression and immunological recovery.. Dust in Egyptian laying hen houses contains high concentrations of microorganisms and endotoxins, which might impair the health of birds and farmers when inhaled. Furthermore, laying hens in Egypt seem to be a reservoir for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Thus, farmers are at risk of exposure to ESBL-producing bacteria, and colonized hens might transmit these bacteria into the food chain.. The lack of significant differences in the absolute changes and relative ratios of injury and repair biomarkers by contrast-associated AKI status suggests that the majority of mild contrast-associated AKI cases may be driven by hemodynamic changes at the kidney.. Most comparisons for different outcomes are based on very few studies, mostly low-powered, with an overall low CoE. Thus, the available evidence is considered insufficient to either support or refute CH effectiveness or to recommend one ICM over another. Therefore, further well-designed, larger RCTs are required.. PROSPERO database Identifier: CRD42016041953.. Untouched root canal at cross-section perimeter, the Hero 642 system showed 41.44% ± 5.62% and Reciproc R40 58.67% ± 12.39% without contact with instruments. Regarding the untouched area, Hero 642 system showed 22.78% ± 6.42% and Reciproc R40 34.35% ± 8.52%. Neither instrument achieved complete cross-sectional root canal debridement. Hero 642 system rotary taper 0.02 instruments achieved significant greater wall contact perimeter and area compared to reciprocate the Reciproc R40 taper 0.06 instrument.. Hero 642 achieved higher wall contact perimeter and area but, regardless of instrument size and taper, vital pulp during. The functional properties of the main mechanisms involved in the control of muscle Ca. This study showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of the iron-responsive product DHA in arthritis can be monitored by an iron-like radioactive tracer (. Attenuated vascular reactivity during pregnancy suggests that the systemic vasodilatory state partially depletes nitric oxide bioavailability. Preliminary data support the potential for MRI to identify vascular dysfunction in vivo that underlies PE. Level of Evidence 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:447-455.. La evaluación de riesgo es importante para predecir los resultados postoperatorios en pacientes con cáncer gastroesofágico. Este estudio de cohortes tuvo como objetivo evaluar los cambios en la composición corporal durante la quimioterapia neoadyuvante e investigar su asociación con complicaciones postoperatorias. MÉTODOS: Los pacientes consecutivos con cáncer gastroesofágico sometidos a quimioterapia neoadyuvante y cirugía con intención curativa entre 2016 y 2019, identificados a partir de una base de datos específica, se incluyeron en el estudio. Se utilizaron las imágenes de tomografía computarizada, antes y después de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, para evaluar el índice de masa muscular esquelética, la sarcopenia y el índice de grasa visceral y subcutánea.. In this in vitro premature infant lung model, HF oscillation of BCPAP was associated with improved CO. Our results showed that HPC significantly promotes neurogenesis after MCAO and ameliorates neuronal injury.. Inflammatory markers are highly related to signs of systemic hypoperfusion in CS. Moreover, high PCT and IL-6 levels are associated with poor prognosis.. These findings indicate that Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit has a protective potential against stroke through modulation of redox and electrolyte imbalances, and attenuation of neurotransmitter dysregulation and other neurochemical dysfunctions. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit could be a promising source for the discovery of bioactives for stroke therapy.

Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiviral Agents; Aotidae; Apelin; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Argentina; Arginine; Artemisinins; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroscopy; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Asteraceae; Asthma; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Auditory Cortex; Autoantibodies; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Basketball; Beclin-1; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzofurans; Benzoxazines; Bereavement; beta Catenin; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Betacoronavirus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Evolution; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Biopsy; Bismuth; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Boron; Botrytis; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cameroon; Camptothecin; Candida; Candida albicans; Capillaries; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Carbapenems; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Carps; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Catalysis; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Centrosome; Ceratopogonidae; Chickens; Child; China; Cholera Toxin; Choline; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Chronic Disease; Cinnamates; Cities; Citrates; Climate Change; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Coal; Coal Mining; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Colchicine; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Common Cold; Complement Factor H; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Contrast Media; Coordination Complexes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Cosmetics; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crotonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Culicidae; Culture Media; Curcuma; Cyclopentanes; Cyclopropanes; Cymbopogon; Cystine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Databases, Genetic; Death; Dendritic Cells; Density Functional Theory; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diamond; Diarylheptanoids; Dibenzofurans; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Diclofenac; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Supplements; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dioxins; Diphenylamine; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Susceptibility; Disulfides; Dithiothreitol; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA Methylation; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Doublecortin Protein; Drosophila melanogaster; Droughts; Drug Carriers; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Dust; Dynactin Complex; Dysferlin; Echo-Planar Imaging; Echocardiography; Edaravone; Egypt; Elasticity; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Emodin; Emtricitabine; Endometriosis; Endothelium, Vascular; Endotoxins; Energy Metabolism; Energy Transfer; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epidemiologic Factors; Epigenesis, Genetic; Erythrocytes; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Vaccines; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Esophagogastric Junction; Esterases; Esterification; Ethanol; Ethiopia; Ethnicity; Eucalyptus; Evidence-Based Practice; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Family; Fatty Acids; Feedback; Female; Ferric Compounds; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Filtration; Fish Diseases; Flavonoids; Flavonols; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Follow-Up Studies; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Forests; Fossils; Free Radical Scavengers; Freund's Adjuvant; Fruit; Fungi; Gallium; Gender Identity; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, Plant; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genitalia; Genotype; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Glottis; Glucocorticoids; Glucose; Glucuronides; Glutathione Transferase; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Grassland; Guinea Pigs; Half-Life; Head Kidney; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Heart Septum; HEK293 Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hemodynamics; Hep G2 Cells; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Hepatocytes; Hesperidin; High-Frequency Ventilation; High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1; Hippocampus; Hirudins; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; HIV Infections; Homeostasis; Hominidae; Housing, Animal; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxybutyrates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hypertension; Hypothyroidism; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Immunoconjugates; Immunogenic Cell Death; Indoles; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Infrared Rays; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Injections, Intravenous; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Intermediate Filaments; Intermittent Claudication; Intestine, Small; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Iron; Isomerism; Isotope Labeling; Isoxazoles; Itraconazole; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Ketoprofen; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kinetics; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lactams, Macrocyclic; Lactobacillus; Lactulose; Lakes; Lamivudine; Laparoscopy; Laparotomy; Laryngoscopy; Leucine; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Listeria monocytogenes; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Losartan; Low Back Pain; Lung; Lupinus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Machine Learning; Macular Degeneration; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Magnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Mannans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mass Spectrometry; 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Pyridines; Pyrrolidines; Quality of Life; Quantum Dots; Quinoxalines; Quorum Sensing; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rain; Random Allocation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptor, PAR-1; Receptors, CXCR4; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Receptors, Interleukin-17; Receptors, Notch; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Reducing Agents; Reflex, Startle; Regional Blood Flow; Regression Analysis; Reperfusion Injury; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Rituximab; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Rosmarinic Acid; Running; Ruthenium; Rutin; Sarcolemma; Sarcoma; Sarcopenia; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; SARS-CoV-2; Scavenger Receptors, Class A; Schools; Seasons; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Shock, Cardiogenic; Short Chain Dehydrogenase-Reductases; Signal Transduction; Silver; Singlet Oxygen; Sinusitis; Skin; Skin Absorption; Small Molecule Libraries; Smoke; Socioeconomic Factors; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Solid Phase Extraction; Solubility; Solvents; Spain; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Speech; Speech Perception; Spindle Poles; Spleen; Sporothrix; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism; Stomach Neoplasms; Stress, Physiological; Stroke Volume; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Sulfonamides; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival Rate; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Temperature; Tenofovir; Terpenes; Tetracycline; Tetrapleura; Textiles; Thermodynamics; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Thrombin; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tibial Meniscus Injuries; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Toluidines; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tooth; Tramadol; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Transgender Persons; Translations; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases; United Kingdom; United States; Up-Regulation; Vascular Stiffness; Veins; Ventricular Remodeling; Viral Load; Virulence Factors; Virus Replication; Vitis; Voice; Voice Quality; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Weather; Wildfires; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; X-Ray Diffraction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Young Adult; Zoogloea

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common symptoms reported by cancer patients. This randomized trial investigated the efficacy of the amino acid jelly Inner Power(®) (IP), a semi-solid, orally administrable dietary supplement containing coenzyme Q10 and L-carnitine, in controlling CRF in breast cancer patients in Japan.. Breast cancer patients with CRF undergoing chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive IP once daily or regular care for 21 days. The primary endpoint was the change in the worst level of fatigue during the past 24 h (Brief Fatigue Inventory [BFI] item 3 score) from day 1 (baseline) to day 22. Secondary endpoints were change in global fatigue score (GFS; the average of all BFI items), anxiety and depression assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), quality of life assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC Breast Cancer-Specific QLQ (EORTC QLQ-BR23), and adverse events.. Fifty-nine patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 57 were included in the efficacy analysis. Median patient age was 50 years. Changes in the worst level of fatigue, GFS, and current feeling of fatigue were significantly different between the intervention and control groups, whereas the change in the average feeling of fatigue was not significantly different between groups. HADS, EORTC QLQ-C30, and EORTC QLQ-BR23 scores were not significantly different between the two groups. No severe adverse events were observed.. IP may control moderate-severe CRF in breast cancer patients.. The registration number of this study in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) is UMIN000008646.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Carnitine; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Ubiquinone

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a common antioxidant supplement with known cardioprotective effects and potential anticancer benefits.. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral CoQ10 in female breast cancer patients with the primary objective of determining CoQ10's effects on self-reported fatigue, depression, and quality of life (QOL). Methods Eligible women with newly diagnosed breast cancer and planned adjuvant chemotherapy were randomized to oral supplements of 300 mg CoQ10 or placebo, each combined with 300 IU vitamin E, divided into 3 daily doses. Treatment was continued for 24 weeks. Blood tests, QOL measures, and levels of plasma CoQ10 and vitamin E were obtained at baseline and at 8, 16, and 24 weeks. Mixed-effects models were used to assess treatment differences in outcomes over time.. Between September 2004 and March 2009, 236 women were enrolled. Treatment arms were well balanced with respect to age (range, 28-85 years), pathologic stage (stage 0, 91%; stage 1, 8%; stage II, 1%), ethnicity (white, 87%; black, 11%; Hispanic, 2%), and planned therapy. Baseline CoQ10 levels in the CoQ10 and placebo arms were 0.70 and 0.73 microg/mL, respectively; the 24-week CoQ10 levels were 1.83 and 0.79 microg/mL, respectively. There were no significant differences between the CoQ10 and placebo arms at 24 weeks for scores on the Profile of Mood States-Fatigue questionnaire (least squares means, 7.08 vs 8.24, P = .257), the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue tool (37.6 vs 37.6, P = .965), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Cancer instrument (111.9 vs 110.4, P = .577), or the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (11.6 vs 12.3, P = .632).. Supplementation with conventional doses of CoQ10 led to sustained increases in plasma CoQ10 levels but did not result in improved self-reported fatigue or QOL after 24 weeks of treatment.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Fatigue; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Patient Participation; Prognosis; Quality of Life; Self Report; Ubiquinone; Vitamins

Low circulating levels of coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) have been associated with increased cancer incidence and poor prognosis for a number of cancer types, while a recent prospective study observed a positive association for CoQ(10) with breast cancer risk.. We prospectively examined the association of plasma CoQ(10) with breast cancer risk in a nested case-control study of Chinese women within the Shanghai Women's Health Study (SWHS). Prediagnostic plasma samples were obtained from 340 cases and 653 age-matched controls and analyzed for total CoQ(10).. A borderline significant inverse association for breast cancer incidence with plasma CoQ(10) level was observed by a conditional logistic regression model adjusted for age and age at first live birth, which became significant after elimination of cases diagnosed within 1 year of blood draw (P(trend) = 0.03). This association was independent of menopausal status. Plasma CoQ(10) levels were also observed to be significantly associated with circulating γ-tocopherol (r = 0.50; P < 0.0001) and α-tocopherol (r = 0.38; P < 0.0001) levels.. Circulating levels of CoQ(10) were generally low in this population and the observed association with breast cancer risk may be limited to those women with exceptionally low values.. This study reports an inverse relationship between circulating CoQ(10) and breast cancer risk, while the only other prospective study of CoQ(10) and breast cancer to date found a positive association. Lower levels of CoQ(10) in the SWHS population suggest that the 2 studies may not be contradictory and indicate a possible nonlinear (U-shaped) association of CoQ(10) with risk.

Topics: Adult; Aged; alpha-Tocopherol; Asian People; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Ubiquinone

In the present study, eighty-four breast cancer patients were randomized to receive a daily supplement of 100 mg co-enzyme Q10, 10 mg riboflavin and 50 mg niacin (CoRN), one dosage per d along with 10 mg tamoxifen twice per d. A significant increase in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase levels and disappearance of RASSF1A DNA methylation patterns were found in patients treated with supplement therapy along with tamoxifen compared to untreated breast cancer patients and tamoxifen alone-treated patients. An increase in DNA repair enzymes and disappearance of DNA methylation patterns attributes to reduction in tumour burden and may suggest good prognosis and efficacy of the treatment.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Breast Neoplasms; Dietary Supplements; DNA Methylation; DNA Repair Enzymes; DNA, Neoplasm; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Niacin; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Riboflavin; Single-Blind Method; Tamoxifen; Ubiquinone

Between 82.8% and 92.5% of participants in any BMI group were responders by AS, and between 91.3% and 100% were responders by BBPS in the right colon. Efficacy was consistent across BMI groups, with no clear trends. Greater than 83% of participants in any BMI group found the preparation 'easy' or 'acceptable' to ingest, and the majority (>58%) rated SPMC oral solution as 'better' than a prior bowel preparation. In all BMI groups, safety data were similar to the overall cohort. Commonly reported, drug-related, treatment-emergent AEs were, by ascending BMI group, nausea (1.1%, 5.3%, 1.0%, 5.7%, and 0%) and headache (1.1%, 4.1%, 1.0%, 5.7%, and 0%).. Ready-to-drink SPMC oral solution had consistent, good quality colon cleansing, and favorable tolerability among participants of all BMI groups.. NCT03017235.. The pretreatment serum AST/ALT ratio predicts poor disease outcome and response rate in patients with advanced PDAC treated with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel and might represent a novel and inexpensive marker for individual risk assessment in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.. Of the 98 patients included in the study, 58 had CR (59%), 28 had PR (29%), and 12 patients had NR (12%). The percent splenic tissue embolized was significantly greater in the CR group compared to the PR group (P = 0.001). The percent volume of splenic tissue embolized was linearly correlated with the magnitude of platelet increase without a minimum threshold. At least one line of chemotherapy was successfully restarted in 97% of patients, and 41% of patients did not experience recurrence of thrombocytopenia for the duration of their survival. The major complication rate was 8%, with readmission following initial hospitalization for persistent "post-embolization syndrome" symptoms the most common.. In cancer patients with hypersplenism-related thrombocytopenia, PSAE is a safe intervention that effects a durable elevation in platelet counts across a range of malignancies and following the re-initiation of chemotherapy.. Postoperative CRP elevation was a better predictor of prognosis in patients with gastric cancer than the occurrence of intra-abdominal infectious complications.. In clinical practice, mixed-species malaria infections are often not detected by light microscopy (LM) or rapid diagnostic test, as a low number of parasites of one species may occur. Here, we report the case of an 8-year-old girl migrating with her family from Afghanistan with a two-species mixed infection with

Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Acetazolamide; Acrylates; Administration, Intravenous; Adolescent; Adult; Aerosols; Afghanistan; Aflatoxin M1; Agaricales; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agricultural Irrigation; Air Pollutants; alpha-L-Fucosidase; Amino Acid Sequence; Androgen Antagonists; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Artifacts; Autophagy; B7-H1 Antigen; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bariatric Surgery; Base Composition; Bayes Theorem; Bile; Bioelectric Energy Sources; Biosensing Techniques; Body Mass Index; Brain; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Bufo arenarum; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Cadmium; Carbon Compounds, Inorganic; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; Carbonic Anhydrases; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Case-Control Studies; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cell Count; Cell Hypoxia; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Characiformes; Child; China; Cities; Cobalt; Colonic Neoplasms; Copper Sulfate; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Cytokines; Deoxycytidine; Diagnosis, Differential; Digestive System; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Disease Models, Animal; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; DNA, Bacterial; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Edetic Acid; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Embolization, Therapeutic; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Fatty Acids; Feces; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Food Contamination; Forkhead Box Protein M1; Fresh Water; Fungicides, Industrial; Gallium Isotopes; Gallium Radioisotopes; Gastrectomy; Gastric Bypass; Gastric Outlet Obstruction; Gastroplasty; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Markers; Genome, Bacterial; Genome, Mitochondrial; Glioma; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Goats; Gonads; Guatemala; Halomonadaceae; HEK293 Cells; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Hepacivirus; Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; Hormones; Humans; Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase; Hypersplenism; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Immunohistochemistry; Iran; Japan; Lactuca; Laparoscopy; Larva; Ligands; Liver Neoplasms; Lymphocyte Activation; Macrophages; Malaria; Male; Mercury; Metabolic Syndrome; Metals, Heavy; Mice; Middle Aged; Milk, Human; Mitochondria; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Mothers; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Muscles; Mutation; Nanocomposites; Nanotubes, Carbon; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Neuroimaging; Nitriles; Nitrogen Isotopes; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Obesity; Obesity, Morbid; Oligopeptides; Oxidation-Reduction; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Pepsinogen A; Pesticides; Pharmacogenetics; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Plasmodium ovale; Plasmodium vivax; Platelet Count; Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Prostate-Specific Antigen; Prostatic Neoplasms; Protein Domains; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Pseudogenes; PTEN Phosphohydrolase; Pyrazoles; Pyrimidines; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats, Long-Evans; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptor, Notch3; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; Recombinant Proteins; Repressor Proteins; Resveratrol; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Salinity; Salvage Therapy; Seasons; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Signal Transduction; Skin; Snails; Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase; Solutions; Spain; Species Specificity; Spheroids, Cellular; Splenic Artery; Stomach Neoplasms; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Structure-Activity Relationship; Sulfonamides; Sunlight; Surface Properties; Surgical Instruments; Surgical Wound Infection; Survival Rate; Tetrahydrouridine; Thinness; Thrombocytopenia; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Turkey; Ubiquinone; Urologic Neoplasms; Viral Envelope Proteins; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Weather; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Young Adult

In breast cancer patients, it is not the primary tumour, but its metastases at distant sites that are the main cause of death. Circulating breast cancer tumour markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) are reliable indicators of impending relapse, in which an increasing tumour marker level is associated with a very likelihood of developing recurrence. In the present study, 84 breast cancer patients were randomized to receive a daily supplement of 100 mg coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), 10 mg riboflavin and 50 mg niacin (CoRN) one dosage per day along with 10 mg tamoxifen (TAM) twice a day. Serum CEA and CA 15-3 levels were elevated in untreated breast cancer patients (group II) and their tumour marker levels significantly reduced upon tamoxifen therapy for more than 1 year (group III). Group III patients supplemented with CoRN for 45 d (group IV) and 90 d (group V) along with tamoxifen significantly reduced CEA and CA 15-3 levels. This study suggests supplementing CoRN to breast cancer patients along with tamoxifen reduces the serum tumour marker level and thereby reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and metastases.

Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Coenzymes; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mucin-1; Niacin; Prognosis; Riboflavin; Tamoxifen; Ubiquinone; Vitamin B Complex

The prognostic significance of supplementing co-enzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)), riboflavin and niacin (CoRN) along with tamoxifen to breast cancer patients was evaluated by measuring the serum cytokine levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor. In the present study, 84 breast cancer patients were randomized to receive a daily supplement of CoQ(10) 100 mg, riboflavin 10 mg and niacin 50 mg, one dosage per day along with tamoxifen 10 mg twice a day. Serum cytokine levels were elevated in untreated breast cancer patients (Group II) and significantly reduced after tamoxifen therapy for more than 1 year (Group III). When group III breast cancer patients were supplemented with CoRN for 45 days (Group IV) and 90 days (Group V) along with tamoxifen, a significant reduction in cytokine levels were observed (P < 0.05). Such a decrease in serum cytokine levels after CoRN supplementation in breast cancer patients may suggest good prognosis and efficacy of the treatment, and might even offer protection from metastases and recurrence of cancer.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Breast Neoplasms; Coenzymes; Cytokines; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Middle Aged; Niacin; Prognosis; Riboflavin; Tamoxifen; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ubiquinone; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vitamins

Thirty-two typical patients with breast cancer, aged 32-81 years and classified 'high risk' because of tumor spread to the lymph nodes in the axilla, were studied for 18 months following an Adjuvant Nutritional Intervention in Cancer protocol (ANICA protocol). The nutritional protocol was added to the surgical and therapeutic treatment of breast cancer, as required by regulations in Denmark. The added treatment was a combination of nutritional antioxidants (Vitamin C: 2850 mg, Vitamin E: 2500 iu, beta-carotene 32.5 iu, selenium 387 micrograms plus secondary vitamins and minerals), essential fatty acids (1.2 g gamma linolenic acid and 3.5 g n-3 fatty acids) and Coenzyme Q10 (90 mg per day). The ANICA protocol is based on the concept of testing the synergistic effect of those categories of nutritional supplements, including vitamin Q10, previously having shown deficiency and/or therapeutic value as single elements in diverse forms of cancer, as cancer may be synergistically related to diverse biochemical dysfunctions and vitamin deficiencies. Biochemical markers, clinical condition, tumor spread, quality of life parameters and survival were followed during the trial. Compliance was excellent. The main observations were: (1) none of the patients died during the study period. (the expected number was four.) (2) none of the patients showed signs of further distant metastases. (3) quality of life was improved (no weight loss, reduced use of pain killers). (4) six patients showed apparent partial remission.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Biomarkers; Breast Neoplasms; Carotenoids; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Coenzymes; Combined Modality Therapy; Fatty Acids, Essential; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Mastectomy; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Quality of Life; Remission Induction; Risk; Selenium; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

Relationships of nutrition and vitamins to the genesis and prevention of cancer are increasingly evident. In a clinical protocol, 32 patients having -"high-risk"- breast cancer were treated with antioxidants, fatty acids, and 90 mg. of CoQ10. Six of the 32 patients showed partial tumor regression. In one of these 6 cases, the dosage of CoQ10 was increased to 390 mg. In one month, the tumor was no longer palpable and in another month, mammography confirmed the absence of tumor. Encouraged, another case having a verified breast tumor, after non-radical surgery and with verified residual tumor in the tumor bed was then treated with 300 mg. CoQ10. After 3 months, the patient was in excellent clinical condition and there was no residual tumor tissue. The bioenergetic activity of CoQ10, expressed as hematological or immunological activity, may be the dominant but not the sole molecular mechanism causing the regression of breast cancer.

Topics: Aged; alpha-Linolenic Acid; Antioxidants; Breast Neoplasms; Coenzymes; Fatty Acids, Essential; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Ubiquinone

Topics: Antioxidants; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Female; Glioma; Humans; Hydroquinones; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Ubiquinone

Cancer is an abnormal proliferation of cells in a tissue or organ that causes the cells to change their nature, eventually producing a lump or mass and spreading to other regions of the body in most cases. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of coenzyme Q 10 in breast cancer patients and to determine their relationship to the proliferation of breast cancer. This study has investigated 90 women (60 patients and 30 controls) subdivided according to stages of cancer status. This study shows the mean of coenzyme Q 10 was observed in breast cancer women (16.91±2.52) as compared with the healthy control group (42.49±7.45) the difference was highly significant at a P. value of 0.0003. The mean and stander deviation of coenzyme Q 10 in women with breast cancer (stage 1, stage2, stage3, and metastatic stage) were (28.03b±5.81, 17.51b±3.42, 22.71b±4.38, and 17.93b±2.92) in comparison with healthy women were(40.22a±3.13). It was concluded that the levels of coenzyme Q 10 were significantly decreased in breast cancer women as compared with healthy women.

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Ubiquinone

Autophagy drives drug resistance and drug-induced cancer cell cytotoxicity. Targeting the autophagy process could greatly improve chemotherapy outcomes. The discovery of specific inhibitors or activators has been hindered by challenges with reliably measuring autophagy levels in a clinical setting. We investigated drug-induced autophagy in breast cancer cell lines with differing ER/PR/Her2 receptor status by exposing them to known but divergent autophagy inducers each with a unique molecular target, tamoxifen, trastuzumab, bortezomib or rapamycin. Differential gene expression analysis from total RNA extracted during the earliest sign of autophagy flux showed both cell- and drug-specific changes. We analyzed the list of differentially expressed genes to find a common, cell- and drug-agnostic autophagy signature. Twelve mRNAs were significantly modulated by all the drugs and 11 were orthogonally verified with Q-RT-PCR (Klhl24, Hbp1, Crebrf, Ypel2, Fbxo32, Gdf15, Cdc25a, Ddit4, Psat1, Cd22, Ypel3). The drug agnostic mRNA signature was similarly induced by a mitochondrially targeted agent, MitoQ. In-silico analysis on the KM-plotter cancer database showed that the levels of these mRNAs are detectable in human samples and associated with breast cancer prognosis outcomes of Relapse-Free Survival in all patients (RSF), Overall Survival in all patients (OS), and Relapse-Free Survival in ER+ Patients (RSF ER+). High levels of Klhl24, Hbp1, Crebrf, Ypel2, CD22 and Ypel3 were correlated with better outcomes, whereas lower levels of Gdf15, Cdc25a, Ddit4 and Psat1 were associated with better prognosis in breast cancer patients. This gene signature uncovers candidate autophagy biomarkers that could be tested during preclinical and clinical studies to monitor the autophagy process.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Autophagy; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bortezomib; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Regulatory Networks; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Organophosphorus Compounds; Receptor, ErbB-2; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Sirolimus; Tamoxifen; Trastuzumab; Ubiquinone

Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Chick Embryo; Female; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Proteins; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Ubiquinone

The balance of the oxidative state in the body is fundamental for the maintenance of homeostasis. It has been implicated in the onset and progression of several diseases including breast cancer. The way in which the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) / antioxidants balance leads to or responds to disease is still controversial. In this study, TAC is used as a reference for the total antioxidant power of the body and Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) for its vital importance in cellular antioxidant action and being the only lipid soluble antioxidant synthesized endogenously. Copper and zinc were measured as trace elements reflecting the antioxidant micronutrient profile of the body.. After approval of the ethical committee, 60 recently diagnosed non-intervened breast cancer patients were recruited from the Medical Research Institute hospital, Alexandria University along with 20 apparently healthy volunteers as control group. Full patient history was taken including breastfeeding history, parity, hormone replacement therapy use, body mass index, pathological examination, metastatic work up results, past medical history and drug use. CA 15-3 and laboratory investigations evaluating blood glucose, kidney and liver functions were performed. Q10 levels were measured by HPLC using a kit from Recipe®. TAC was assayed spectrophotometrically (Biodiagnostics®). Copper and Zinc levels were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry.. There was a statistically significant increase in the CoQ10, TAC and copper levels in the breast cancer group when compared to the control group. Zinc showed no statistically significant difference between the studied groups.. Inspite of the fact that a high antioxidant level is usually considered as a favourable state, TAC, CoQ10 and copper levels showed significantly higher levels in the breast cancer group when compared to the control group. It is worth mentioning that the cancer group were all recently diagnosed, non-intervened and showed no signs of metastasis. It is still unclear whether the increased antioxidant levels offer a selective growth advantage to tumor cells over their surrounding normal cells or serve as a protective measure by the body in an attempt to correct the assault triggered by the ROS.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Copper; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Reactive Oxygen Species; Ubiquinone; Zinc

Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Adult; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Middle Aged; Phosphofructokinase-2; Transcriptome; Ubiquinone; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2

How breast cancer and its treatments affect skeletal muscle is not well defined. To address this question, we assessed skeletal muscle structure and protein expression in 13 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and receiving adjuvant chemotherapy following tumor resection and 12 nondiseased controls. Breast cancer patients showed reduced single-muscle fiber cross-sectional area and fractional content of subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria. Drugs commonly used in breast cancer patients (doxorubicin and paclitaxel) caused reductions in myosin expression, mitochondrial loss, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in C2C12 murine myotube cell cultures, supporting a role for chemotherapeutics in the atrophic and mitochondrial phenotypes. Additionally, concurrent treatment of myotubes with the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoQ prevented chemotherapy-induced myosin depletion, mitochondrial loss, and ROS production. In patients, reduced mitochondrial content and size and increased expression and oxidation of peroxiredoxin 3, a mitochondrial peroxidase, were associated with reduced muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Our results suggest that chemotherapeutics may adversely affect skeletal muscle in patients and that these effects may be driven through effects of these drugs on mitochondrial content and/or ROS production.

Topics: Aged; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Cachexia; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Mice; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Myosins; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Peroxiredoxin III; Reactive Oxygen Species; Ubiquinone

Lung and breast cancer are the leading causes of mortality in women worldwide. The discovery of molecular alterations that underlie these two cancers and corresponding drugs has contributed to precision medicine. We found that CCND2 is a common target in lung and breast cancer. Hypermethylation of the

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cyclin D2; DNA Methylation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Prognosis; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Proportional Hazards Models; RNA, Messenger; Ubiquinone

A major goal of breast cancer research is to prevent the molecular events that lead to tumour metastasis. It is well-established that both cytoplasmic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in cell migration and metastasis. Accordingly, this study examined the molecular mechanisms of the anti-metastatic effects of NecroX-5, a mitochondrial ROS scavenger. NecroX-5 inhibited lung cancer metastasis by ameliorating migration in a mouse model. In human cancer cells, the inhibition of migration by NecroX-5 is cell type-dependent. We observed that the effect of NecroX-5 correlated with a reduction in mitochondrial ROS, but mitochondrial ROS reduction by MitoQ did not inhibit cell migration. NecroX-5 decreased intracellular calcium concentration by blocking Ca2+ influx, which mediated the inhibition of cell migration, AKT downregulation and the reduction of mitochondrial ROS levels. However, the reduction of mitochondrial ROS was not associated with supressed migration and AKT downregulation. Our study demonstrates the potential of NecroX-5 as an inhibitor of breast cancer metastasis.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Calcium; Cell Movement; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; Humans; Mice; Neoplasm Metastasis; Oncogene Protein v-akt; Organophosphorus Compounds; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sulfones; Ubiquinone; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

The present study evaluates the prophylactic efficacy of α-tocopherol (α-TOH), resveratrol (RES), and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) co-loaded self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (α-TOH-RES-CoQ10 SNEDDS) in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced breast cancer model. SNEDDS formulation components were rationally selected and optimized for maximum drug loading by applying the design of experiments and further evaluated for stability in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, functional stability of antioxidants, in vitro release, Caco-2 cell uptake, oral bioavailability and prophylactic anticancer activity. The SNEDDS demonstrated excellent stability in stimulated gastrointestinal fluids. The functional activity of antioxidants was confirmed by 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay wherein significantly (p > .05) higher antioxidant activity was observed in case of SNEDDS as compared with free antioxidants. Coumarin 6 (C-6)-loaded SNEDDS formulation demonstrated remarkably higher Caco-2 cell uptake in comparison with free C-6, indicative of efficient internalization of sub-micron SNEDDS droplets by Caco-2 cells. In line with Caco-2 cell uptake observations, α-TOH-RES-CoQ10-SNEDDS showed ∼2.30- and ∼3.64-fold increase in the AUC

Topics: Administration, Oral; alpha-Tocopherol; Animals; Antioxidants; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Breast Neoplasms; Caco-2 Cells; Coumarins; Drug Delivery Systems; Emulsions; Excipients; Female; Humans; Nanoparticles; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Resveratrol; Stilbenes; Thiazoles; Ubiquinone

Mitochondrial dysregulation is closely associated with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Altered redox homeostasis has been implicated in the onset of several diseases including cancer. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and proteins are particularly sensitive to ROS as they are in close proximity to the respiratory chain (RC). Mitoquinone (MitoQ), a mitochondria-targeted redox agent, selectively damages breast cancer cells possibly through damage induced via enhanced ROS production. However, the effects of MitoQ and other triphenylphosphonium (TPP+) conjugated agents on cancer mitochondrial homeostasis remain unknown. The primary objective of this study was to determine the impact of mitochondria-targeted agent [(MTAs) conjugated to TPP+: mitoTEMPOL, mitoquinone and mitochromanol-acetate] on mitochondrial physiology and mtDNA integrity in breast (MDA-MB-231) and lung (H23) cancer cells. The integrity of the mtDNA was assessed by quantifying the degree of mtDNA fragmentation and copy number, as well as by measuring mitochondrial proteins essential to mtDNA stability and maintenance (TFAM, SSBP1, TWINKLE, POLG and POLRMT). Mitochondrial status was evaluated by measuring superoxide production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, oxygen consumption, extracellular acidification and mRNA or protein levels of the RC complexes along with TCA cycle activity. In this study, we demonstrated that all investigated MTAs impair mitochondrial health and decrease mtDNA integrity in MDA-MB-231 and H23 cells. However, differences in the degree of mitochondrial damage and mtDNA degradation suggest unique properties among each MTA that may be cell line, dose and time dependent. Collectively, our study indicates the potential for TPP+ conjugated molecules to impair breast and lung cancer cells by targeting mitochondrial homeostasis.

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; DNA, Mitochondrial; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Membranes; Mitochondrial Proteins; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Superoxides; Ubiquinone

Antroquinonol (ANQ) is an ubiquinon derivative isolated from the mycelium of Antrodia camphorata. However, the effect of ANQ on breast cancer treatment is unknown. We found that ANQ significantly suppressed the migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, and inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced invasiveness by MCF7 cells. ANQ inhibiting MMP-9 gene expression and enzymatic activity occurred at transcriptional regulation. Mechanistically, activation of ERK and AKT is crucial for MMP-9 gene expression, and the addition of ANQ suppressed phosphorylation of ERK and AKT. The induction of the AP-1 and NF-κB pathway participated in MMP-9 gene expression. Suppression of ERK inhibited AP-1, whereas blocking AKT diminished NF-κB activity, and treatment with ANQ suppressed both AP-1 and NF-κB signaling. Moreover, ANQ suppressed EMT protein expression, and inhibited TPA-induced EMT through downregulating the ERK-AP-1 and AKT-NF-κB signaling cascades. Together, our data showed for the first time that ANQ inhibited breast cancer invasiveness by suppressing ERK-AP-1- and AKT-NF-κB-dependent MMP-9 and EMT expressions.

Topics: Antrodia; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Survival; Down-Regulation; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; MCF-7 Cells; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; NF-kappa B; Phosphorylation; Signal Transduction; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; Transcription Factor AP-1; Ubiquinone

Adjuvant Nutritional Intervention in Cancer (ANICA) was a clinical study carried out in Denmark in the 1990s with 32 typical patients with breast cancer, aged 32-81 yr and classified high risk because of tumor spread to the lymph nodes. The patients received standard therapy for their breast cancer, but got from the start additionally an adjuvant therapy in form of a cocktail consisting of vitamin C (2,850 mg/day), vitamin E (2,500 IU/day), beta-carotene (32.5 IU/day), selenium (Se; 387 micrograms/day), various other vitamins and essential trace elements, essential fatty acids (1.2 g gamma-linolenic acid/day and 3.5 g omega-3 PUFAs/day), and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10, 90 mg/day). The protocol was later changed, with reduction of the Se intake and more coenzyme Q10 than when the study was started. The average survival of high-risk breast patients in the study was 50% after 5 yr, whereas for low-risk breast cancer patients (without metastases in the axilla when treatment was started), the average survival was 90% after ten years. The main investigator died, and the final report from the ANICA study was therefore never written. However, the published preliminary results from the trial were very promising; it seems, therefore, important to follow-up this study.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Breast Neoplasms; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Clinical Trials as Topic; Denmark; Fatty Acids, Essential; Female; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Middle Aged; Nutrition Therapy; Selenium; Survival Rate; Trace Elements; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Present study focuses on enhancing oral antitumor efficacy and safety of Dox-LCNPs in combination with CoQ10-LCNPs. Drug-loaded-LCNPs were prepared by solvent-diffusion-evaporation method and optimized. Median effect analysis suggested dose-reduction-index of 16.84- and 5.047-fold and strong synergism for combination at 1:10 dose ratio owing to higher cellular uptake, nuclear colocalization, higher apoptotic index and 8-OHdG levels. The prophylactic antitumor efficacy of the CoQ10-LCNPs was also established using tumor induction and progression studies. Finally, therapeutic antitumor efficacy was found to be significantly higher (~1.76- and ~4.5-fold) for the combination as compared to Dox-LCNPs (per oral) and Adriamycin (i.v.) respectively. Notably, level of residual tumor burden was insignificant (P>0.05) after 30days in case of combination and LipoDox® (i.v.). Interestingly, with Dox-induced-cardiotoxicity was completely counterfeited in combination. In nutshell, LCNPs pose great potential in improving the therapeutic efficacy of drugs by oral route of administration.. This study describes the use of liquid crystalline nanoparticles containing coenzyme Q10 and doxorubicin. The nano-conjugates not only provided an enhanced oral treatment option for a tumor model, but prevented cardiotoxicity, a major complication of this drug when delivered via conventional methods.

Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Administration, Oral; Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Breast Neoplasms; Cardiotoxicity; Cell Line, Tumor; Doxorubicin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Liquid Crystals; Nanoparticles; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Ubiquinone; Vitamins

The interplay between oxidative stress and autophagy is critical for determining the fate of cancer cells exposed to redox-active and cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Mitoquinone (MitoQ), a mitochondrially-targeted redox-active ubiquinone conjugate, selectively kills breast cancer cells over healthy mammary epithelial cells. We reported previously that MitoQ, although a derivative of the antioxidant ubiquinone, can generate excess ROS and trigger the Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant response in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Following MitoQ treatment, a greater number of cells underwent autophagy than apoptosis. However, the relationship between MitoQ-induced oxidative stress and autophagy as a primary cellular response was unclear. In this report, we demonstrate that MitoQ induces autophagy related gene 7 (Atg7)-dependent, yet Beclin-1-independent, autophagy marked by an increase in LC3-II. Both the ATG7-deficient human MDA-MB-231 cells and Atg7-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibited lower levels of autophagy following MitoQ treatment than their respective wild-type counterparts. Increased apoptosis was confirmed in these autophagy-deficient isogenic cell line pairs, indicating that autophagy was attempted for survival in wild type cell lines. Furthermore, we observed higher levels of ROS in Atg7-deficient cells, as measured by hydroethidine oxidation. In Atg7-deficient cells, redox-sensitive Keap1 degradation was decreased, suggesting autophagy- and Atg7-dependent degradation of Keap1. Conversely, downregulation of Keap1 decreased autophagy levels, increased Nrf2 activation, upregulated cytoprotective antioxidant gene expression, and caused accumulation of p62, suggesting a feedback loop between ROS-regulated Keap1-Nrf2 and Atg7-regulated autophagy. Our data indicate that excessive ROS causes the upregulation of autophagy, and autophagy acts as an antioxidant feedback response triggered by cytotoxic levels of MitoQ.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Autophagy; Autophagy-Related Protein 7; Beclin-1; Blotting, Western; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Membrane Proteins; Mice; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Organophosphorus Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Ubiquinone; Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes

Cancer cells are long known to exhibit increased aerobic glycolysis, but glycolytic inhibition has not offered a viable chemotherapeutic strategy in part because of the systemic toxicity of antiglycolytic agents. However, recent studies suggest that a combined inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial function may help overcome this issue. In this study, we investigated the chemotherapeutic efficacies of mitochondria-targeted drugs (MTD) in combination with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), a compound that inhibits glycolysis. Using the MTDs, termed Mito-CP and Mito-Q, we evaluated relative cytotoxic effects and mitochondrial bioenergetic changes in vitro. Interestingly, both Mito-CP and Mito-Q synergized with 2-DG to decrease ATP levels in two cell lines. However, with time, the cellular bioenergetic function and clonogenic survival were largely restored in some cells. In a xenograft model of human breast cancer, combined treatment of Mito-CP and 2-DG led to significant tumor regression in the absence of significant morphologic changes in kidney, liver, or heart. Collectively, our findings suggest that dual targeting of mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism with MTDs and glycolytic inhibitors such as 2-DG may offer a promising chemotherapeutic strategy.

Topics: Animals; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cyclic N-Oxides; Deoxyglucose; Drug Synergism; Female; Glycolysis; Humans; Mice; Mitochondria; Organophosphorus Compounds; Ubiquinone; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

BACKGROUND/HYPOTHESES: Doxorubicin is a standard adjuvant therapy for early-stage breast cancer, and it significantly improves disease-free and overall survival. However, 3% to 20% of breast cancer patients develop chronic cardiomyopathic changes and congestive heart failure because of doxorubicin therapy. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is thought to be due to the increased generation of reactive oxygen species within cardiac myocyte mitochondria. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that may protect against mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and thus prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Despite the potential benefits of CoQ10 in preventing cardiotoxicity, it is not known if CoQ10 diminishes the antineoplastic effects of doxorubicin therapy.. In vitro cell culture experiments.. Breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468 and BT549) were tested for their ability to uptake exogenous CoQ10 using high-performance liquid chromatography. Breast cancer cell lines were then treated with doxorubicin and a range of CoQ10 concentrations to determine the effect of CoQ10 on doxorubicin's cytotoxicity.. This study demonstrated that intracellular and mitochondrial CoQ10 concentrations increased substantially as higher exogenous concentrations were administered to breast cancer cells. CoQ10 had no effect on the ability of doxorubicin to induce apoptosis or inhibit growth or colony formation in both the cell lines tested when applied over a wide dose range, which encompassed typical basal plasma levels and plasma levels above those typically achieved by supplemented patients.. The clinical testing of CoQ10 as a supplement to prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity requires confidence that it does not decrease the efficacy of chemotherapy. These results support the hypothesis that CoQ10 does not alter the antineoplastic properties of doxorubicin. Further in vivo studies, as well as combination chemotherapy studies, would be reassuring before a large-scale clinical testing of CoQ10 as a cardioprotective drug.

Topics: Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doxorubicin; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Mitochondria; Ubiquinone

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and is considered an important cellular antioxidant. Decreased circulating CoQ10 levels have been reported in women with breast cancer, but evidence is limited. We examined the association of plasma CoQ10 levels with postmenopausal breast cancer risk using prospectively collected blood samples.. Prediagnostic plasma levels of total CoQ10 were measured among 160 incident postmenopausal breast cancer cases and 289 controls in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Cases and controls were individually matched on age, sex, ethnicity, study location (Hawaii or California), hormone replacement therapy use, date and time of specimen collection, and hours of fasting. Logistic regression was used to compute odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.. Plasma CoQ10 levels were positively associated with breast cancer risk, overall (P = 0.04). The association was stronger after women diagnosed within 1 year of blood draw were excluded to eliminate possible preclinical cases (odds ratio for the highest versus the lowest tertile, 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-4.19; P for trend = 0.01).. Higher CoQ10 levels in postmenopausal women may be associated with increased breast cancer risk.. A potential role for CoQ10 in the development and progression of breast cancer has been postulated, but epidemiologic evidence is lacking. Findings from this prospective cohort study add to the limited literature, indicating the potential positive association of circulating CoQ10 with postmenopausal breast cancer risk.

Topics: Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Postmenopause; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Ubiquinone

Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 is a key molecule in cellular invasion and metastasis. Mitochondrial ROS has been established as a mediator of MMP activity. Coenzyme Q(10) contributes to intracellular ROS regulation. Coenzyme Q(10) beneficial effects on cancer are still in controversy but there are indications of Coenzyme Q(10) complementing effect on tamoxifen receiving breast cancer patients.. In this study we aimed to investigate the correlation of the effects of co-incubation of coenzyme Q10 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on intracellular H2O2 content and Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity in MCF-7 cell line.. Our experiment was designed to assess the effect in a time and dose related manner. Gelatin zymography and Flowcytometric measurement of H2O2 by 2'7',-dichlorofluorescin-diacetate probe were employed. The results showed that both coenzyme Q10 and N-acetyl-L-cysteine reduce MMP-2 activity along with the pro-oxidant capacity of the MCF-7 cell in a dose proportionate manner.. Collectively, the present study highlights the significance of Coenzyme Q(10) effect on the cell invasion/metastasis effecter molecules.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Biomarkers; Breast Neoplasms; Buthionine Sulfoximine; Carcinoma; Cell Line, Tumor; Down-Regulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Osmolar Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Time Factors; Ubiquinone

Tamoxifen (TAM) a non-steroidal antiestrogen, is widely used in adjuvant therapy for all stages of breast carcinomas and in chemoprevention of high-risk group. TAM also has estrogenic activity on liver and endometrium causing severe oxidative stress with various biochemical derangements. Coenzyme Q(10), Riboflavin and Niacin (CoRN) are well-known potent antioxidants and protective agents against many diseases including cancer. In this context, this study was undertaken to find if co-administration of TAM along with CoRN could alleviate the sole TAM-induced biochemical derangements in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.. The vitamin supplementation with TAM was given for a period of 90 days. Blood samples were collected at the base line, 45th and 90th day during the course of treatment. Various blood chemistry profiles were assessed in 78 untreated, sole TAM treated and combinatorial treated group along with 46 age- and sex-matched controls.. A statistically significant alteration in various blood chemistry parameters, such as serum total bilirubin (S. BIL), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), uric acid (UA), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferases (LCAT), potassium, calcium and Na(+), K(+)-ATPase in sole TAM-treated group, was favorably reverted back to near normal levels on combinatorial therapy with CoRN.. TAM on co-administration with CoRN has a favorable impact on various blood chemistry profiles. However, large scale randomized studies over a longer time span are required to ascertain the safety and efficacy of co-administrating antioxidants with conventional chemotherapy.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Blood Chemical Analysis; Breast Neoplasms; Dietary Supplements; Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins; Female; Humans; Lipids; Middle Aged; Niacin; Postmenopause; Riboflavin; Tamoxifen; Ubiquinone; Vitamin B Complex

Tamoxifen, a non-steroidal anti-estrogen is now widely used and has led to an increase in both disease-free and overall survival of women after primary surgery. Tamoxifen therapy is found to cause hypertriglyceridemia by reducing activity of lipolytic enzymes on triglycerides, and thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Angiogenesis promotes local tumour progression and invasion and enables tumour cell dissemination and metastasis formation. Our study has found that co-administration of Coenzyme Q10 (100 mg) along with tamoxifen (10 mg, twice a day) to breast cancer patients reduced the level of angiogenesis markers and lipid levels.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Cytokines; Female; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lipids; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Middle Aged; Mucin-1; Tamoxifen; Ubiquinone

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), hydroxyl radical have been implicated in pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer and metastasis. Tamoxifen (TAM) is a non-steroidal anti-estrogen drug most widely used as an adjuvant hormonal therapy in breast cancer. TAM also has estrogenic activity on liver and endometrium causing severe oxidative stress and hypertriglycerdemia. Coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)), Niacin and Riboflavin are well-known potent antioxidants and protective agents against many diseases including cancer. In this context, this study was undertaken to find if co-administration of CoQ(10), Niacin and Riboflavin along with TAM could augment the antioxidant (AO) status in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.. The vitamin supplementation with Tamoxifen was given for a period of 90 days. Blood samples were collected at the base line, 45th and 90th day during the course of treatment. Plasma lipids, lipid peroxides and various circulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were estimated in 78 untreated, sole TAM treated and combinatorial treated group along with 46 age- and sex-matched controls.. Enhanced oxidative stress as evidenced by increased lipids and lipid peroxides with decreased AO levels in untreated breast cancer patients was observed. Adjuvant TAM-treated group had a limited impact on the increased oxidative stress with decreased AO status. Severe hypertriglycerdemia was observed in TAM-treated group when compared to untreated and control subjects. Combinatorial therapy (CT) of CoQ(10), Niacin and Riboflavin along with TAM decreased the oxidative stress and increased the AO status.. The antioxidant defense system is compromised in breast cancer patients. There is a shift in the oxidant / antioxidant balance in favor of lipid peroxidation (LPO), which could lead to tumour promotion observed in the disease. CT of CoQ(10), Niacin and Riboflavin along with TAM significantly increased the AO status, while decreasing lipid and lipid peroxides. The results suggest the necessity of therapeutic co-administration of antioxidants along with conventional drug to such patients. However, due to limited number of cases included in this study, more studies may be required to substantiate the results and arrive at a definitive conclusion, in terms of safety and efficacy of adding an AO therapy in treatment of breast cancer.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Antioxidants; Breast Neoplasms; Enzymes; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipids; Middle Aged; Niacin; Oxidative Stress; Riboflavin; Tamoxifen; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Ubiquinone

Tamoxifen (TAM), a non-steroidal anti-estrogen that is widely used in adjuvant therapy for all stages of breast carcinomas and in chemoprevention of high-risk group. The hepatic estrogenic effect of TAM induces hypertriglyceridemia by reduced activity of lipolytic enzymes (LPL) on triglycerides. Coenzyme Q10 (Co Q10), riboflavin and niacin are proved to be potent antioxidant and protective agents against many diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In this context, the objective of the study is to find the effect of the combined modality of Co Q10 (100 mg), riboflavin (10 mg) and niacin (50 mg) with TAM (10 mg twice a day) on serum lipids and lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.. The vitamin supplementation with tamoxifen was given for a period of 90 days. Blood samples were collected at the base line, 45th and 90th day during the course of treatment. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC), ester cholesterol (EC), phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TGL), free fatty acids (FFA), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density cholesterol (VLDL-C) were estimated in 78 untreated, only TAM-treated and combinatorialy treated group along with 46 age- and sex-matched controls.. Serum TGL and VLDL-C (p<0.001) were found to be significantly elevated and LDL-C (p<0.01), significantly reduced among TAM-treated patients as compared to the untreated breast cancer subjects. All the lipids and lipoprotein levels were found to be significantly altered in the untreated breast cancer patients when compared to their normal counterparts. All the lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities were reverted back to near normal levels on 90 days of treatment on combinatorial therapy.. The study figures the altered lipid and lipoprotein levels in the untreated and TAM-treated breast cancer patients. On combination therapy with Co Q10, riboflavin and niacin, it counteracts the tamoxifen-induced hyperlipidemia to normal levels.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Cholesterol, LDL; Cholesterol, VLDL; Coenzymes; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins; Middle Aged; Niacin; Postmenopause; Riboflavin; Tamoxifen; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in causing mitochondrial changes linked to cancer and metastasis. Uptake of antioxidants by tissue to reduce the ROS production could be instrumental in controlling cancer. Tamoxifen (TAM), a nonsteroidal anti-estrogen drug most used in the chemotherapy and chemoprevention of breast cancer. Riboflavin, niacin and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are proved to be potent antioxidants and protective agents against many diseases including cancer. The objective of this research is to determine the therapeutic efficacy of combinatorial therapy on mammary carcinoma bearing rats in terms of the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status especially MnSOD. Female albino rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were selected for the investigation. Mammary carcinoma was induced with 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA: 25 mg), and the treatment was started by the oral administration of TAM (10 mg/kg body weight/day) along with riboflavin (45 mg/kg body weight/day), niacin (100 mg/kg body weight/day) and CoQ10 (40 mg/kg body weight/day) for 28 days. The levels of lipid peroxides, activities of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were measured in the mitochondria isolated from the mammary gland and liver of control and experimental rats. Rats treated with DMBA showed an increase in mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (mammary gland 52.3%; liver 25.1%) accompanied by high malondialdehyde levels along with lowered activities of mitochondrial enzymic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (mammary gland 19.9%; liver 24.8%), catalase (mammary gland 50%; liver 19.7%), glutathione peroxidase (mammary gland 47.8%; liver 31.1%)] and non-enzymic antioxidants [reduced glutathione (mammary gland 14.3%; liver 13.3%), Vitamin C (mammary gland 6.49%; liver 21.4%) and E (mammary gland 20.3%; liver 22.2%)]. Administration of combinatorial therapy restored lipid peroxide level and the activities of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants to near normalcy. In addition, antitumour activity was also found to be enhanced which is evident from the increased expression of tumour suppressor gene MnSOD thereby preventing cancer cell proliferation. These results suggested that TAM treatment is the most effective during co-administration of riboflavin, niacin and CoQ10 in terms of mitochondrial antioxidant and antitumour activity.

Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Administration, Oral; Animals; Antioxidants; Body Weight; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Coenzymes; Drug Combinations; Female; Lipid Peroxidation; Mitochondria; Niacin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Riboflavin; Tamoxifen; Ubiquinone

An increasing amount of experimental and epidemiological evidence implicates the involvement of oxygen derived radicals in the pathogenesis of cancer development. Oxygen derived radicals are able to cause damage to membranes, mitochondria, and macromolecules including proteins, lipids and DNA. Accumulation of DNA damages has been suggested to contribute to carcinogenesis. It would, therefore, be advantageous to pinpoint the effects of oxygen derived radicals in cancer development.. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between oxidative stress and breast cancer development in tissue level. Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in Western women. Twenty-one breast cancer patients, who underwent radical mastectomy and diagnosed with infiltrative ductal carcinoma, were used in the study. We determined coenzyme Q10 (Q) concentrations, antioxidant enzyme activities (mitochondrial and total superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in tumor and surrounding tumor-free tissues.. Q concentrations in tumor tissues significantly decreased as compared to the surrounding normal tissues (p < 0.001). Higher MDA levels were observed in tumor tissues than noncancerous tissues (p < 0.001). The activities of MnSOD, total SOD, GSH-Px and catalase in tumor tissues significantly increased (p < 0.001) compared to the controls.. These findings may support that reactive oxygen species increased in malignant cells, and may cause overexpression of antioxidant enzymes and the consumption of coenzyme Q10. Increased antioxidant enzyme activities may be related with the susceptibility of cells to carcinogenic agents and the response of tumor cells to the chemotherapeutic agents. Administration of coenzyme Q10 by nutrition may induce the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 on breast tissue.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coenzymes; Cytoprotection; Female; Humans; Malondialdehyde; Mastectomy, Modified Radical; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Ubiquinone

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Coenzymes; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Melatonin; Receptors, Estrogen; Soybean Proteins; Tamoxifen; Ubiquinone

Topics: Aging; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Coenzymes; Cytoprotection; Female; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypercholesterolemia; Incidence; Lovastatin; Postmenopause; Ubiquinone

A multifunctional cell surface protein with NADH oxidase (NOX) activity and capable of oxidizing hydroquinones is located at the exterior of the cell and is shed in soluble form into sera. The oxidase appears to function as a terminal oxidase of a trans plasma membrane electron transport chain consisting of a NAD(P)H-ubiquinone reductase at the cytosolic membrane surface, possibly a b-type cytochrome, ubiquinone and the oxidase. Hyperactivity or conditions that interrupt ordered 2H+ + 2e- transport from NAD(P)H or hydroquinone to molecular oxygen and other acceptors at the external cell surface may result in the generation of superoxide. The latter may serve to propagate aging-related redox changes both to adjacent cells and circulating blood components. A circulating NOX activity form associated with aging and the reduction of cytochrome c by sera of aged patients that is partially inhibited by ubiquinone are described.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Cytochrome c Group; Electron Transport; Epithelial Cells; Female; HeLa Cells; Humans; Kinetics; Multienzyme Complexes; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Superoxides; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Ubiquinone; Ultraviolet Rays

Coenzyme Q10 or ubiquinone is a redox component of the respiratory chain, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of cancer.. In order to better understand the role of this vitamin in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, a clinical trial including 200 women hospitalized for the biopsy and/or the ablation of a breast tumor was conducted. Ubiquinone plasma concentrations were determined simultaneously with vitamin E plasma concentrations (as antioxidant reference) by HPLC.. A coenzyme Q10 deficiency was noted both in carcinomas (80 patients) and non-malignant lesions (120 patients), while vitamin E concentrations were within the normal range. A correlation was shown between the intensity of the deficiency and the bad prognosis of the breast disease based on high TNM and SBR values or the lack of estrogen receptors. However, neither cathepsin D level nor adenopathy invasion was related to ubiquinone levels.. Since prooxidants may promote tumorigenesis, ubiquinone supplementation in breast cancer could be relevant.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Ubiquinone; Vitamin E

In the human, coenzyme Q10 (vitamin Q10) is biosynthesized from tyrosine through a cascade of eight aromatic precursors. These precursors indispensably require eight vitamins, which are tetrahydrobiopterin, vitamins B6, C, B2, B12, folic acid, niacin, and pantothenic acid as their coenzymes. Three of these eight vitamins (the coenzyme B6, and the coenzymes niacin and folic acid) are indispensable in the biosynthesis of the four bases (thymidine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine) of DNA. One or more of the three vitamins required for DNA are known to cause abnormal pairing of the four bases, which can then result in mutations and the diversity of cancer. The coenzyme B6, required for the conversion of tyrosine to p-hydroxybenzoic acid, is the first coenzyme required in the cascade of precursors. A deficiency of the coenzyme B6 can cause dysfunctions, prior to the formation of vitamin Q10, to DNA. Former data on blood levels of Q10 and new data herein on blood levels of B6, measured as EDTA, in cancer patients established deficiencies of Q10 and B6 in cancer. This complete biochemistry relating to biosyntheses of Q10 and the DNA bases is a rationale for the therapy of cancer with Q10 and other entities in this biochemistry.

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Coenzymes; DNA; Female; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasms; Purines; Pyrimidines; Reference Values; Sweden; Ubiquinone; Vitamins

Over 35 years, data and knowledge have internationally evolved from biochemical, biomedical and clinical research on vitamin Q10 (coenzyme Q10; CoQ10) and cancer, which led in 1993 to overt complete regression of the tumors in two cases of breast cancer. Continuing this research, three additional breast cancer patients also underwent a conventional protocol of therapy which included a daily oral dosage of 390 mg of vitamin Q10 (Bio-Quinone of Pharma Nord) during the complete trials over 3-5 years. The numerous metastases in the liver of a 44-year-old patient "disappeared," and no signs of metastases were found elsewhere. A 49-year-old patient, on a dosage of 390 mg of vitamin Q10, revealed no signs of tumor in the pleural cavity after six months, and her condition was excellent. A 75-year-old patient with carcinoma in one breast, after lumpectomy and 390 mg of CoQ10, showed no cancer in the tumor bed or metastases. Control blood levels of CoQ10 of 0.83-0.97 and of 0.62 micrograms/ml increased to 3.34-3.64 and to 3.77 micrograms/ml, respectively, on therapy with CoQ10 for patients A-MRH and EEL.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Breast Neoplasms; Coenzymes; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Mastectomy, Segmental; Middle Aged; Time Factors; Ubiquinone

Topics: Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Cytochrome c Group; Dermatitis; Electron Transport; Female; Humans; Neoplasms; Radiation Injuries; Skin Ulcer; Ubiquinone; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Wound Healing

An unique combination treatment for cancer patients has been attempted in our department. The treatment consists of 500 rad irradiation of cobalt 60 on the first day and drip infusion of mixture of 50mg adriamycin, 500mg cyclophosphamide and 500mg 5-fluorouracil on the next day. This combination therapy was repeated every 3 weeks. The myocardial intoxication may be a great problem in this therapy. Investigation was performed in 40 cancer patients in order to clarify of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) could show any protecting effect upon the possible myocardial intoxication. All patients were divided into 2 groups; one with CoQ10 of 20 patients, who received CoQ10 of 90mg/day orally and the other without CoQ10 of 20 patients. In the group without CoQ10, cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and pulse rate increased significantly in all patients and on ECG low voltage of QRS complex was seen in 2 cases, changes of ST-segment, T-wave and appearance of arrhythmia were more than frequent in the group without CoQ10 than that with CoQ10. It is concluded that CoQ10 is effective for protecting the myocardium in this cancer therapy.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Breast Neoplasms; Coenzymes; Cyclophosphamide; Doxorubicin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Female; Fluorouracil; Heart; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms; Ubiquinone

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Adenofibroma; Breast; Breast Diseases; Breast Neoplasms; Cysts; Epithelium; Esterases; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Methods; Staining and Labeling; Ubiquinone