ubiquinone and Attention-Deficit-Disorder-with-Hyperactivity

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a common child neurobehavioral disorder whose pathogenesis is not completely understood. However, some evidence indicates a crucial link between this disorder and the degree of oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol) is an antioxidant that may play a significant role in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.. To assess the safety and efficacy of coenzyme Q10 as an add-on drug treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.. Sixty children, aged 6-16 years, with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, non-responders to atomoxetine treatment for 6 months, were included in this double-blind, randomized, and controlled study. Group 1 received atomoxetine plus coenzyme Q10, and group 2 received atomoxetine plus placebo for 6 months. Follow-up by CONNERS parent rating scale questionnaire (CPRS-48) was performed before and after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment, and any drug-related side effects were reported.. The addition of coenzyme Q10 to atomoxetine in group 1 improved symptoms in a shorter time with minimal adverse effects. Group 1 showed improvement of about 33.87% in CPRS-48 total score versus 18.24% in group 2. There was a statistically significant decrease in CPRS-48 total score and its three subscales (learning problems, impulsive hyperactive subscale, and 10-items hyperactivity index) in group 1 versus group 2 after six months of treatment (p-value <0.001).. Coenzyme Q10 has an important role as an add-on drug treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by improving symptoms, particularly hyperactivity, and in minimizing atomoxetine adverse effects.

Topics: Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Propylamines; Treatment Outcome; Ubiquinone

Mental disorders present a global health concern and have limited treatment options. In today's medical practice, medications such as antidepressants are prescribed not only for depression but also for conditions such as anxiety and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Therefore, identifying gene targets for specific disorders is important and offers improved precision. In this study, we performed a genetic analysis of six common mental disorders-ADHD, anxiety, depression, delays in mental development, intellectual disabilities (IDs) and speech/language disorder-in the ethnic minority of African Americans (AAs) using whole genome sequencing (WGS). WGS data were generated from blood-derived DNA from 4178 AA individuals, including 1384 patients with the diagnosis of at least one mental disorder. Mutation burden analysis was applied based on rare and deleterious mutations in the AA population between cases and controls, and further analyzed in the context of patients with single mental disorder diagnosis. Certain genes uncovered demonstrated significant P-values in mutation burden analysis. In addition, exclusive recurrences in specific type of disorder were scanned through gene-drug interaction databases to assess for availability of potential medications. We uncovered 15 genes harboring deleterious mutations, including 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) and Uronyl 2-Sulfotransferase (UST) for ADHD; Farnesyltransferase, CAAX Box, Beta (FNTB) for anxiety; Xin Actin Binding Repeat Containing 2 (XIRP2), Natriuretic Peptide C (NPPC), Serine/Threonine Kinase 33 (STK33), Pannexin 1 (PANX1) and Neurotensin (NTS) for depression; RUNX Family Transcription Factor 3 (RUNX3), Tachykinin Receptor 1 (TACR1) and NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Core Subunit S7 (NDUFS7) for delays in mental development; Hepsin (HPN) for ID and Collagen Type VI Alpha 3 Chain (COL6A3), Damage Specific DNA Binding Protein 1 (DDB1) and NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Subunit A11 (NDUFA11) for speech/language disorder. Taken together, we have established critical insights into the development of new precision medicine approaches for mental disorders in AAs.

Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Black or African American; Connexins; Ethnicity; Humans; Language Disorders; Mental Disorders; Minority Groups; Mutation; NAD; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Oxidoreductases; Ubiquinone; Whole Genome Sequencing

The aims of this study are to compare serum ubiquinone levels in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with healthy controls and to investigate the correlation between ubiquinone levels of children with ADHD and their ADHD symptoms. Twenty-seven children who are 6-12 years old age with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder having clinically normal intelligence and 23 children with clinically normal intelligence and no psychiatric disorder of similar age and sex who referred to Ankara University School of Medicine Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry were included in this study. All children were diagnosed by same researcher using the Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Scale for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Interview for School Children-Now and for the Life-Long Version (K-SADS-PL). Parents and teachers of the children completed the Conners Parent Rating Scale Revised Long Form (CPRS-LF) and Conners Teacher Rating Scale Revised Long Form (CTRS-LF). There were no statistically significant differences regarding the age, gender, and sociodemographic data of the groups. Serum ubiquinone levels of the ADHD group were significantly lower than the control group. We did not find any correlation between ubiquinone levels and clinical values. Since ubiquinone levels are lower in children with ADHD compared with controls, we suggest that decreased antioxidant levels may play a role in ADHD pathogenesis by disrupting oxidative balance.

Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Biomarkers; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Oxidative Stress; Ubiquinone