Page last updated: 2024-08-26

u 69593 and Ache

u 69593 has been researched along with Ache in 36 studies

Research

Studies (36)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19901 (2.78)18.7374
1990's14 (38.89)18.2507
2000's11 (30.56)29.6817
2010's8 (22.22)24.3611
2020's2 (5.56)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Berzetei-Gurske, IP; Guerrieri, E; Schmidhammer, H; Spetea, M1
Journigan, VB; Khroyan, TV; Polgar, WE; Zaveri, NT1
Fujii, H; Hirayama, S; Iwai, T; Nagase, H; Nagumo, Y; Nakajima, R; Saitoh, A; Yamamoto, N1
Bezawada, P; Coop, A; Cunningham, CW; Devereaux, AL; Griggs, NW; Healy, JR; Matsumoto, RR; Traynor, JR1
de Souza, LHM; Dodick, DW; Kopruszinski, CM; Martinez, AL; Moutal, A; Navratilova, E; Neugebauer, V; Porreca, F; Watanabe, M1
D'Souza, P; Hein, M; Ji, G; Kiritoshi, T; Navratilova, E; Neugebauer, V; Porreca, F; Tidwell, D; Yakhnitsa, V1
Banks, ML; Bowers, MS; Carlezon, WA; Cheng, K; Leitl, MD; Negus, SS; Onvani, S; Rice, KC1
Kuo, A; Meutermans, W; Smith, MT; Wyse, BD1
Altarifi, AA; Carroll, FI; Leitl, MD; Miller, LL; Neddenriep, B; Negus, SS1
Juma, F; Kanui, TI; Maloiy, GM; Olongida Ole Miaron, J; Towett, PK1
Cheng, K; Morrissey, EM; Negus, SS; Rice, KC; Rosenberg, M1
French, AM; Smith, MA1
Ball, JW; Butelman, ER; Harris, TJ; Kreek, MJ1
Folk, JE; Linsenmayer, DC; Negus, SS; Rice, KC; Stevenson, GW1
Fields, HL; Harasawa, I; Johansen, JP; Meng, ID1
Kohno, T1
Galyean, R; Houghten, RA; Junien, JL; Lai, J; Largent-Milnes, T; Menzaghi, F; Porreca, F; Rivière, PJ; Schteingart, C; Stalewski, J; Sueiras-Diaz, J; Trojnar, J; Vanderah, TW; Wisniewski, K1
Almeida, OF; Shippenberg, TS; Spanagel, R1
Desmeules, JA; Guilbaud, G; Kayser, V1
Archer, S; Bidlack, JM; Gatch, MB; Mello, NK; Negus, SS1
Catheline, G; Guilbaud, G; Idänpään-Heikkilä, JJ; Kayser, V1
Bandler, R; Christie, MJ; Crowfoot, LJ; Floyd, NS; Henderson, LA; Keay, KA1
Holtzman, SG; Waddell, AB1
Dickenson, A; Fitzgerald, M; Hatch, D; Marsh, D1
Fields, HL; Hirakawa, N; Manning, BH; Tershner, SA1
Foo, H; Helmstetter, FJ1
Giannini, E; Improta, G; Lattanzi, R; Negri, L; Schmidhammer, H; Schutz, J1
Gear, RW; Levine, JD; Schmidt, BL; Tambeli, CH1
Besse, D; Besson, JM; Butler, SH; Lombard, MC; Weil-Fugazza, J1
Colpaert, FC; Millan, MJ3
Bennett, GJ; Kajander, KC; Seybold, VS; Stevens, CW1
Cheng, J; Pasternak, GW; Paul, D; Pick, CG1
Green, J; Harris, S; Lloyd, P; Lozito, R; Messineo, E; Ossipov, MH1
Herz, A; Huber, A; Millan, MJ; Shippenberg, TS; Stein, C1

Reviews

1 review(s) available for u 69593 and Ache

ArticleYear
[Opioids and spinal analgesia].
    Masui. The Japanese journal of anesthesiology, 2007, Volume: 56 Suppl

    Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Humans; Nerve Fibers; Pain; Posterior Horn Cells; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission

2007

Other Studies

35 other study(ies) available for u 69593 and Ache

ArticleYear
Discovery and pharmacological evaluation of a diphenethylamine derivative (HS665), a highly potent and selective κ opioid receptor agonist.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2012, Nov-26, Volume: 55, Issue:22

    Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Drug Discovery; Mice; Nociception; Pain; Phenethylamines; Receptors, Opioid, kappa

2012
Designing bifunctional NOP receptor-mu opioid receptor ligands from NOP-receptor selective scaffolds. Part II.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2014, Apr-15, Volume: 22, Issue:8

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Ligands; Mice; Models, Animal; Nociceptin Receptor; Pain; Piperidines; Protein Binding; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Structure-Activity Relationship

2014
Synthesis of new opioid derivatives with a propellane skeleton and their pharmacologies: Part 5, novel pentacyclic propellane derivatives with a 6-amide side chain.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2015, Oct-01, Volume: 23, Issue:19

    Topics: Amides; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphinans; Pain; Protein Binding; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spiro Compounds; Structure-Activity Relationship

2015
Benzylideneoxymorphone: A new lead for development of bifunctional mu/delta opioid receptor ligands.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2017, 02-01, Volume: 27, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzylidene Compounds; Ligands; Mice; Oxymorphone; Pain; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu

2017
Kappa opioid receptor agonists produce sexually dimorphic and prolactin-dependent hyperalgesic priming.
    Pain, 2023, 06-01, Volume: 164, Issue:6

    Topics: Animals; Cabergoline; Female; Hyperalgesia; Male; Mice; Pain; Prolactin; Protein Isoforms; Receptors, Opioid, kappa

2023
Kappa opioid receptor activation in the amygdala disinhibits CRF neurons to generate pain-like behaviors.
    Neuropharmacology, 2021, 03-01, Volume: 185

    Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Transgenic; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Stereotaxic Techniques; Vocalization, Animal

2021
Pain-related depression of the mesolimbic dopamine system in rats: expression, blockade by analgesics, and role of endogenous κ-opioids.
    Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014, Volume: 39, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Gene Expression Regulation; Ketoprofen; Lactic Acid; Male; Medial Forebrain Bundle; Morphine; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Self Stimulation; Time Factors

2014
In vivo profiling of seven common opioids for antinociception, constipation and respiratory depression: no two opioids have the same profile.
    British journal of pharmacology, 2015, Volume: 172, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Buprenorphine; Castor Oil; Constipation; Diarrhea; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Fentanyl; Hot Temperature; Male; Morphine; Morphine Derivatives; Oxycodone; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Insufficiency

2015
Effects of ketoprofen, morphine, and kappa opioids on pain-related depression of nesting in mice.
    Pain, 2015, Volume: 156, Issue:6

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Benzeneacetamides; Depression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Freund's Adjuvant; Ketoprofen; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Nesting Behavior; Pain; Piperidines; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Tetrahydroisoquinolines

2015
Activation of micro, delta or kappa opioid receptors by DAMGO, DPDPE, U-50488 or U-69593 respectively causes antinociception in the formalin test in the naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber).
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2009, Volume: 91, Issue:4

    Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Formaldehyde; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Mole Rats; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu

2009
Effects of kappa opioids in an assay of pain-depressed intracranial self-stimulation in rats.
    Psychopharmacology, 2010, Volume: 210, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Lactic Acid; Male; Medial Forebrain Bundle; Morphine; Naltrexone; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reinforcement, Psychology; Self Stimulation

2010
Age-related differences in sensitivity to the antinociceptive effects of kappa opioids in adult male rats.
    Psychopharmacology, 2002, Volume: 162, Issue:3

    Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Age Factors; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Butorphanol; Cold Temperature; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Male; Nalbuphine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid, kappa

2002
Topical capsaicin-induced allodynia in unanesthetized primates: pharmacological modulation.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2003, Volume: 306, Issue:3

    Topics: Aminobutyrates; Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Capsaicin; Disease Models, Animal; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dynorphins; Female; Ketamine; Macaca mulatta; Pain; Pain Measurement; Peptide Fragments; Pyrrolidines

2003
Opioid interactions in rhesus monkeys: effects of delta + mu and delta + kappa agonists on schedule-controlled responding and thermal nociception.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2003, Volume: 307, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzamides; Benzeneacetamides; Benzomorphans; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Hot Temperature; Macaca mulatta; Male; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Piperazines; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reinforcement Schedule

2003
Kappa opioids inhibit physiologically identified medullary pain modulating neurons and reduce morphine antinociception.
    Journal of neurophysiology, 2005, Volume: 93, Issue:3

    Topics: Action Potentials; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Drug Interactions; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Microinjections; Morphine; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa

2005
Novel D-amino acid tetrapeptides produce potent antinociception by selectively acting at peripheral kappa-opioid receptors.
    European journal of pharmacology, 2008, Mar-31, Volume: 583, Issue:1

    Topics: Acetic Acid; Algorithms; Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Binding, Competitive; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Hot Temperature; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Oligopeptides; Opioid Peptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Peripheral Nervous System; Postural Balance; Pyrrolidines; Radioligand Assay; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid, kappa

2008
Evidence that nor-binaltorphimine can function as an antagonist at multiple opioid receptor subtypes.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1994, Oct-24, Volume: 264, Issue:2

    Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Drug Interactions; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Threshold; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Somatostatin

1994
Selective opioid receptor agonists modulate mechanical allodynia in an animal model of neuropathic pain.
    Pain, 1993, Volume: 53, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Benzomorphans; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Oligopeptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Vocalization, Animal

1993
Effects of the structurally novel opioid 14 alpha, 14' beta-[dithiobis [(2-oxo-2,1-ethanediyl)imino]]bis(7,8-dihydromorphinone) on schedule-controlled behavior and thermal nociception in rhesus monkeys.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1996, Volume: 278, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Azocines; Behavior, Animal; Benzeneacetamides; Female; Fentanyl; Hot Temperature; Hydromorphone; Macaca mulatta; Male; Morphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu

1996
The antinociceptive activity of kappa- but not delta-opioid receptor agonists is maintained in morphine-tolerant neuropathic rats.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1996, Dec-30, Volume: 318, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Drug Tolerance; Male; Morphine; Oligopeptides; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Vocalization, Animal

1996
Cardiovascular effects of microinjections of opioid agonists into the 'Depressor Region' of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray region.
    Brain research, 1997, Jul-11, Volume: 762, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Blood Pressure; Bradycardia; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Excitatory Amino Acids; Heart Rate; Homocysteine; Hypertension; Hypotension; Male; Microinjections; Neural Inhibition; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu

1997
Modulation of cocaine-induced antinociception by opioid-receptor agonists.
    Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 1999, Volume: 62, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Cocaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Morphine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa

1999
Epidural opioid analgesia in infant rats II: responses to carrageenan and capsaicin.
    Pain, 1999, Volume: 82, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Benzeneacetamides; Capsaicin; Carrageenan; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Morphine; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu

1999
Bi-directional changes in affective state elicited by manipulation of medullary pain-modulatory circuitry.
    Neuroscience, 2000, Volume: 100, Issue:4

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Affect; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Benzeneacetamides; Conditioning, Operant; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Methoxamine; Microinjections; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; Reward; Spinal Cord

2000
Activation of kappa opioid receptors in the rostral ventromedial medulla blocks stress-induced antinociception.
    Neuroreport, 2000, Oct-20, Volume: 11, Issue:15

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Conditioning, Classical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroshock; Hindlimb; Injections; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Stress, Physiological

2000
HS-599: a novel long acting opioid analgesic does not induce place-preference in rats.
    British journal of pharmacology, 2001, Volume: 134, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzeneacetamides; Binding, Competitive; Buprenorphine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Male; Membranes; Mice; Morphine; Oligopeptides; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Vas Deferens

2001
mu/delta Cooperativity and opposing kappa-opioid effects in nucleus accumbens-mediated antinociception in the rat.
    The European journal of neuroscience, 2002, Volume: 15, Issue:5

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Capsaicin; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Male; Narcotic Antagonists; Neurons; Nociceptors; Nucleus Accumbens; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Reflex

2002
Monoarthritis induces complex changes in mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid binding sites in the superficial dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1992, Nov-17, Volume: 223, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Arthritis, Experimental; Autoradiography; Benzeneacetamides; Disease Models, Animal; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Freund's Adjuvant; Male; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord

1992
Opioid systems in the response to inflammatory pain: sustained blockade suggests role of kappa- but not mu-opioid receptors in the modulation of nociception, behaviour and pathology.
    Neuroscience, 1991, Volume: 42, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Benzeneacetamides; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Inflammation; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu

1991
Bilateral and differential changes in spinal mu, delta and kappa opioid binding in rats with a painful, unilateral neuropathy.
    Pain, 1991, Volume: 46, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Autoradiography; Behavior, Animal; Benzeneacetamides; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Fentanyl; Ligands; Male; Nervous System Diseases; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord; Sufentanil

1991
Genetic influences in opioid analgesic sensitivity in mice.
    Brain research, 1991, Dec-06, Volume: 566, Issue:1-2

    Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Species Specificity

1991
Modification of nociception in a model of localized inflammatory pain by long-term administration of naloxone.
    Progress in clinical and biological research, 1990, Volume: 328

    Topics: Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammation; Male; Morphine; Mycobacterium Infections; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid

1990
The influence of sustained opioid receptor blockade in a model of long-term, localized inflammatory pain in rats.
    Neuroscience letters, 1990, May-18, Volume: 113, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Drinking Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Inflammation; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu

1990
Spinal antinociceptive synergy between clonidine and morphine, U69593, and DPDPE: isobolographic analysis.
    Life sciences, 1990, Volume: 47, Issue:16

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Regression Analysis; Spinal Cord

1990
Motivational effects of opioids in an animal model of prolonged inflammatory pain: alteration in the effects of kappa- but not of mu-receptor agonists.
    Pain, 1988, Volume: 35, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Inflammation; Male; Morphine; Motivation; Narcotics; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu

1988