Page last updated: 2024-08-17

trypan blue and Retinal Perforations

trypan blue has been researched along with Retinal Perforations in 46 studies

Research

Studies (46)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's28 (60.87)29.6817
2010's17 (36.96)24.3611
2020's1 (2.17)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Gain, P; Garcin, T; Thuret, G1
Chang, Y; Lin, YY; Liu, JH1
Barca, F; Caporossi, T; Finocchio, L; Franco, F; Rizzo, S; Tartaro, R1
Gogia, V; Kakkar, A; Khanduja, S; Sinha, S; Vohra, R1
Bellerive, C; Cinq-Mars, B; Francis, K; Giasson, M; Hébert, M; Louis, M; Tardif, Y1
Jain, S; Kishore, K; Sharma, YR1
Gibran, SK; Heimann, H; Saeed, MU; Wong, D1
Contreras, I; Figueroa, MS; Noval, S; Rebolleda, G1
Christensen, UC; Henning, V; Krøyer, K; la Cour, M; Larsen, M; Sander, B; Villumsen, J1
Gandorfer, A; Haritoglou, C; Kampik, A; Priglinger, SG; Schumann, RG1
Aylward, GW; Gupta, B; Laidlaw, DA; Wong, R1
Farah, ME; Maia, M; Rodrigues, EB1
Cappello, E; Del Borrello, M; Menchini, U; Tollot, L; Virgili, G; Zemella, M1
Chen, KJ; Chen, YP; Chuang, LH; Hwang, YS; Lai, CC; Wang, NK; Wu, WC; Yeung, L1
Binder, S; Lamar, PD; Schenk, A; Schmid-Kubista, KE; Stolba, U1
Christensen, UC1
Bunce, C; Charteris, DG; Gandorfer, A; Gregor, Z; Mackenzie, SE; Rohleder, M; Schlottmann, PG; Schumann, R; Xing, W1
de Smet, MD; Lesnik Oberstein, SY1
Li, KK; Li, PS; Tang, EW; Wong, D1
El Ghrably, I; Ghosh, S; Issa, S; Stannard, K1
Abdelkader, EA; Anand, M; Lois, N; McBain, VA; Rehman Siddiqui, MA; Scott, NW1
Mansoor, Q; Smith, J; Steel, D1
Burton, RL; Gupta, D; Ong, J1
Kalliath, J; Naresh, KB; Neelakantan, N; Ramasamy, K; Shukla, D1
Delas, B; Nadal, J; Piñero, A1
Khan, K1
Ascaso, FJ; Grzybowski, A1
Groenewald, C; Hiscott, P; Li, K; McGalliard, J; Stanga, P; Wong, D1
Perrier, M; Sébag, M1
Kroll, P; Meyer, CH; Rodrigues, EB; Schmidt, JC1
Kroll, P; Meyer, CH; Rodrigues, EB1
Ang, AJ; Ang, GS; Burton, RL1
Hiscott, P; Li, KK; Wong, D1
Joondeph, BC; Russell, MK; Vote, BJ1
Nawrocki, J; Pel-Przybyszewska, E; Szkudlarek, A; Szkudlarek, E1
Dean, S; Guest, S; Lee, KL1
Ling, R; Simcock, P; Smith, M1
Arai, M; Hirose, T; Nakamura, H; Okuno, T; Sakuma, T; Sueda, J; Usumoto, N1
Haritoglou, C; Kampik, A1
Eibl, K; Freyer, W; Haritoglou, C; Kampik, A; Mankowska, A; May, CA; Rejdak, R; Schuettauf, F; Thaler, S; Zrenner, E1
Aylward, W; Jackson, TL; Kwan, AS; Laidlaw, AH1
Beutel, J; Dahmen, G; Hoerauf, H; Ziegler, A1
Dib, E; Farah, ME; Maia, M; Meyer, CH; Penha, FM; Rodrigues, EB1
Hasler, PW; Prünte, C1
Adelman, R; Cisiecki, S; Michalewska, Z; Michalewski, J; Nawrocki, J1
Heimann, H; Saeed, MU1

Reviews

2 review(s) available for trypan blue and Retinal Perforations

ArticleYear
Dyes in ocular surgery: principles for use in chromovitrectomy.
    American journal of ophthalmology, 2009, Volume: 148, Issue:3

    Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Macular Edema; Retinal Perforations; Rosaniline Dyes; Staining and Labeling; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Trypan Blue; Vitrectomy; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

2009
Vital dyes for chromovitrectomy.
    Current opinion in ophthalmology, 2007, Volume: 18, Issue:3

    Topics: Benzenesulfonates; Bromphenol Blue; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Retinal Perforations; Rosaniline Dyes; Trypan Blue; Vitrectomy

2007

Trials

7 trial(s) available for trypan blue and Retinal Perforations

ArticleYear
Retinal function assessment of trypan blue versus indocyanine green assisted internal limiting membrane peeling during macular hole surgery.
    Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie, 2013, Volume: 48, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Basement Membrane; Coloring Agents; Contrast Sensitivity; Electroretinography; Endotamponade; Female; Fluorocarbons; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Male; Middle Aged; Prone Position; Prospective Studies; Retina; Retinal Perforations; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2013
Value of internal limiting membrane peeling in surgery for idiopathic macular hole stage 2 and 3: a randomised clinical trial.
    The British journal of ophthalmology, 2009, Volume: 93, Issue:8

    Topics: Aged; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Retinal Perforations; Treatment Outcome; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2009
Trypan blue selective staining using whole blood for internal limiting membrane peeling during macular hole corrective surgery.
    Cutaneous and ocular toxicology, 2009, Volume: 28, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Prospective Studies; Retinal Perforations; Staining and Labeling; Trypan Blue

2009
Comparison of macular function and visual fields after membrane blue or infracyanine green staining in vitreoretinal surgery.
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2010, Volume: 248, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Basement Membrane; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Macula Lutea; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retinal Perforations; Staining and Labeling; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Visual Field Tests; Visual Fields; Vitrectomy

2010
Value of internal limiting membrane peeling in surgery for idiopathic macular hole and the correlation between function and retinal morphology.
    Acta ophthalmologica, 2009, Volume: 87 Thesis 2

    Topics: Coloring Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epiretinal Membrane; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Intraoperative Period; Postoperative Period; Pseudophakia; Retina; Retinal Perforations; Severity of Illness Index; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Treatment Outcome; Trypan Blue; Vitrectomy; Wound Healing

2009
[Trypan blue staining in treatment of macular hole].
    Klinika oczna, 2004, Volume: 106, Issue:3 Suppl

    Topics: Adult; Coloring Agents; Female; Humans; Intraoperative Period; Male; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue; Vitrectomy

2004
Internal limiting membrane peeling with indocyanine green or trypan blue in macular hole surgery: a randomized trial.
    Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 2007, Volume: 125, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Prognosis; Retinal Perforations; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Visual Field Tests; Vitrectomy

2007

Other Studies

37 other study(ies) available for trypan blue and Retinal Perforations

ArticleYear
Epiretinal large disc of blue-stained lyophilized amniotic membrane to treat complex macular holes: a 1-year follow-up.
    Acta ophthalmologica, 2022, Volume: 100, Issue:2

    Topics: Aged; Amnion; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue; Vitrectomy

2022
Foetal bovine serum can reduce toxicity of indocyanine green, brilliant blue G and trypan blue in ARPE-19 cellular model that suggests new surgical staining protocols for internal limiting membrane peeling procedure.
    Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2018, Volume: 46, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Basement Membrane; Cattle; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Coloring Agents; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Indocyanine Green; Intraoperative Period; Retinal Perforations; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Rosaniline Dyes; Serum; Trypan Blue; Vitrectomy

2018
New Vital Dye Injection Technique With Vitrectomy Probe.
    Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging retina, 2018, 07-01, Volume: 49, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Coloring Agents; Electroretinography; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retinal Perforations; Rosaniline Dyes; Staining and Labeling; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2018
Modified subretinal dye extrusion technique (MORE-DETECH): subretinal diluted trypan blue for detecting occult retinal breaks in retinal detachment after endotamponade removal.
    International ophthalmology, 2013, Volume: 33, Issue:6

    Topics: Coloring Agents; Device Removal; Endotamponade; Humans; Prospective Studies; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2013
Progressive atrophy of retinal pigment epithelium after trypan-blue-assisted ILM peeling for macular hole surgery.
    Indian journal of ophthalmology, 2013, Volume: 61, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Atrophy; Coloring Agents; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Retinal Degeneration; Retinal Perforations; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2013
Heavy silicone oil tamponade after failed macular hole surgery with perfluoropropane (C3F8): a report of five cases.
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2009, Volume: 247, Issue:5

    Topics: Basement Membrane; Coloring Agents; Drainage; Fluorocarbons; Humans; Recurrence; Retinal Perforations; Retrospective Studies; Silicone Oils; Supine Position; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Treatment Failure; Treatment Outcome; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2009
[Evaluation of trypan-blue toxicity in macular hole surgery with electroretinography].
    Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia, 2008, Volume: 83, Issue:11

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coloring Agents; Electroretinography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue

2008
Vital dyes for macular surgery: a comparative electron microscopy study of the internal limiting membrane.
    Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Basement Membrane; Bromphenol Blue; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Male; Middle Aged; Retinal Perforations; Rosaniline Dyes; Trypan Blue; Vitrectomy

2009
Dye extrusion technique (DE-TECH): occult retinal break detection with subretinal dye extrusion during vitrectomy for retinal detachment repair.
    Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coloring Agents; Female; Fluorocarbons; Humans; Intraoperative Complications; Intraoperative Period; Male; Middle Aged; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Perforations; Retrospective Studies; Trypan Blue; Vitrectomy; Young Adult

2009
Reading ability and retinal sensitivity after surgery for macular hole and macular pucker.
    Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:8

    Topics: Aged; Coloring Agents; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Quality of Life; Reading; Retina; Retinal Perforations; Treatment Outcome; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2009
Ultrastructure and retinal imaging of internal limiting membrane: a clinicopathologic correlation of trypan blue stain in macular hole surgery.
    Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2010, Volume: 30, Issue:4

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coloring Agents; Female; Humans; Intraoperative Period; Male; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retina; Retinal Perforations; Time Factors; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Trypan Blue

2010
Use of heavy Trypan blue in macular hole surgery.
    Eye (London, England), 2010, Volume: 24, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue; Vitreoretinal Surgery

2010
Double peel using triamcinolone acetonide and trypan blue in the management of myopic macular hole with retinal detachment: a case-control study.
    Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2010, Volume: 38, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Case-Control Studies; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Myopia; Postoperative Period; Prospective Studies; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Perforations; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2010
Subretinal migration of trypan blue during macular hole and epiretinal membrane peel: an observational case series. Is there a safer method?
    Eye (London, England), 2010, Volume: 24, Issue:11

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2010
In vivo safety of trypan blue use in vitreoretinal surgery.
    Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2011, Volume: 31, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Basement Membrane; Coloring Agents; Electroretinography; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Fluorescence; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retina; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitreoretinal Surgery

2011
Transvitrectomy injection of low-viscosity substances.
    Eye (London, England), 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:7

    Topics: Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Humans; Male; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue; Vitrectomy

2011
Trans-scleral dye injection during vitreous surgery to identify clinically undetectable retinal breaks causing retinal detachment.
    Eye (London, England), 2011, Volume: 25, Issue:8

    Topics: Aged; Coloring Agents; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Injections, Intraocular; Intraoperative Care; Male; Middle Aged; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Perforations; Retrospective Studies; Sclera; Secondary Prevention; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2011
A comparison of brilliant blue G, trypan blue, and indocyanine green dyes to assist internal limiting membrane peeling during macular hole surgery.
    Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2011, Volume: 31, Issue:10

    Topics: Basement Membrane; Coloring Agents; Female; Fluorocarbons; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Male; Middle Aged; Phacoemulsification; Prospective Studies; Retinal Perforations; Retrospective Studies; Rosaniline Dyes; Sulfur Hexafluoride; Time Factors; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2011
Vitrectomy without face-down posturing for idiopathic macular holes.
    Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2012, Volume: 32, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Basement Membrane; Coloring Agents; Endotamponade; Female; Fluorocarbons; Humans; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Male; Microscopy, Acoustic; Middle Aged; Phacoemulsification; Prone Position; Retinal Perforations; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2012
Potential damage to a potential space.
    Eye (London, England), 2012, Volume: 26, Issue:2

    Topics: Coloring Agents; Humans; Male; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue; Vitrectomy

2012
Re: In vivo safety of trypan blue use in vitreoretinal surgery.
    Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2012, Volume: 32, Issue:8

    Topics: Coloring Agents; Electroretinography; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Humans; Male; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitreoretinal Surgery

2012
Trypan blue staining of internal limiting membrane and epiretinal membrane during vitrectomy: visual results and histopathological findings.
    The British journal of ophthalmology, 2003, Volume: 87, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Macula Lutea; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Retinal Perforations; Treatment Outcome; Trypan Blue; Vitrectomy

2003
Trypan blue-assisted peeling of the internal limiting membrane during macular hole surgery.
    American journal of ophthalmology, 2003, Volume: 135, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retinal Perforations; Retrospective Studies; Staining and Labeling; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2003
Trypan blue stains the epiretinal membrane but not the internal limiting membrane.
    The British journal of ophthalmology, 2003, Volume: 87, Issue:11

    Topics: Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Indocyanine Green; Retina; Retinal Perforations; Sensitivity and Specificity; Trypan Blue

2003
Trypan blue has a high affinity to cellular structures such as epiretinal membrane.
    American journal of ophthalmology, 2004, Volume: 137, Issue:1

    Topics: Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Humans; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue

2004
Iatrogenic macula hole and consequent macular detachment caused by intravitreal trypan blue injection.
    Eye (London, England), 2004, Volume: 18, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Coloring Agents; Female; Humans; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue

2004
Trypan blue: authors' reply.
    The British journal of ophthalmology, 2004, Volume: 88, Issue:5

    Topics: Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Humans; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue

2004
Trypan blue-assisted vitrectomy.
    Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2004, Volume: 24, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Basement Membrane; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Humans; Male; Retinal Perforations; Retrospective Studies; Safety; Staining and Labeling; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2004
A comparison of outcomes after indocyanine green and trypan blue assisted internal limiting membrane peeling during macular hole surgery.
    The British journal of ophthalmology, 2005, Volume: 89, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Intraoperative Care; Male; Middle Aged; Osmolar Concentration; Postoperative Complications; Retinal Perforations; Retrospective Studies; Staining and Labeling; Treatment Outcome; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity

2005
Outcomes of macular hole surgery.
    Eye (London, England), 2006, Volume: 20, Issue:12

    Topics: Epiretinal Membrane; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Retinal Perforations; Treatment Outcome; Trypan Blue; Vitrectomy

2006
In vivo and in vitro feasibility studies of intraocular use of seprafilm to close retinal breaks in bovine and rabbit eyes.
    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2006, Volume: 47, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cattle; Electroretinography; Feasibility Studies; Hyaluronic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Injections; Membranes, Artificial; Permeability; Rabbits; Retina; Retinal Perforations; Tissue Adhesions; Trypan Blue; Vitreous Body

2006
[Staining techniques in macular surgery].
    Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft, 2006, Volume: 103, Issue:11

    Topics: Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Epiretinal Membrane; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Retinal Perforations; Sensitivity and Specificity; Triamcinolone; Trypan Blue; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative

2006
Administration of novel dyes for intraocular surgery: an in vivo toxicity animal study.
    Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2006, Volume: 47, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Azo Compounds; Basement Membrane; Bromphenol Blue; Cell Count; Choroid; Coloring Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epiretinal Membrane; Indoles; Injections; Lissamine Green Dyes; Male; Organometallic Compounds; Pigment Epithelium of Eye; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN; Retina; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue; Vitreous Body

2006
Identification of retinal breaks using subretinal trypan blue injection.
    Ophthalmology, 2007, Volume: 114, Issue:3

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Coloring Agents; Humans; Injections; Intraoperative Complications; Male; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Perforations; Trypan Blue; Vitrectomy

2007
Early foveal recovery after macular hole surgery.
    The British journal of ophthalmology, 2008, Volume: 92, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fovea Centralis; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmoscopy; Pressure; Prone Position; Retinal Perforations; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Treatment Outcome; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2008
Correlation between foveal structure and visual outcome following macular hole surgery: a spectral optical coherence tomography study.
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2008, Volume: 246, Issue:6

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Basement Membrane; Child; Female; Fovea Centralis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retinal Perforations; Staining and Labeling; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Treatment Outcome; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2008
Atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium following vitrectomy with trypan blue.
    International ophthalmology, 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:4

    Topics: Aged; Atrophy; Coloring Agents; Epiretinal Membrane; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Fovea Centralis; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Injections; Retinal Perforations; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Staining and Labeling; Trypan Blue; Visual Acuity; Vitrectomy

2009