troglitazone and Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset studies

Troglitazone: A chroman and thiazolidinedione derivative that acts as a PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTORS (PPAR) agonist. It was formerly used in the treatment of TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS, but has been withdrawn due to hepatotoxicity.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"This study was designed to assess the usefulness of a model-based index of insulin sensitivity during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the identification of possible changes in this metabolic parameter produced by pharmacological agents known to be potent insulin sensitizers, that is metformin (M) and thiazolidinedione (T)."	9.12	Insulin sensitivity during oral glucose tolerance test and its relations to parameters of glucose metabolism and endothelial function in type 2 diabetic subjects under metformin and thiazolidinedione. ( Hanusch-Enserer, U; Kautzky-Willer, A; Ludvik, B; Pacini, G; Prager, R; Tura, A; Wagner, OF; Winzer, C, 2006)
"The study was undertaken to assess the long-term cardiovascular effects of troglitazone on non-diabetic individuals with insulin resistance."	9.10	Long-term cardiovascular effects of insulin sensitizer troglitazone on non-diabetic individuals with insulin resistance: double blind, prospective randomized study. ( Boudoulas, H; Osei, K; Schuster, DP; Sparks, EA; Stakos, DA; Wooley, CF, 2003)
"Troglitazone, a newly developed thiazolidinedione derivative, has been shown to ameliorate microalbuminuria in diabetic animal model and in human diabetic nephropathy in short-term studies."	9.09	Effect of troglitazone on urinary albumin excretion and serum type IV collagen concentrations in Type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. ( Ebihara, L; Koide, H; Nakamura, T; Sekizuka, K; Shimada, N; Suzuki, S; Ushiyama, C, 2001)
" Troglitazone (CS-045) is a newly developed antidiabetic agent that enhances insulin sensitivity."	9.08	Enhancement of insulin sensitivity by troglitazone lowers blood pressure in diabetic hypertensives. ( Ikegami, H; Masuo, K; Mikami, H; Ogihara, T; Rakugi, H, 1995)
"Troglitazone ameliorated microalbuminuria in diabetic nephropathy."	9.08	Effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy. ( Arai, K; Hori, M; Imano, E; Kajimoto, Y; Kanda, T; Motomura, M; Nakatani, Y; Nishida, T; Yamasaki, Y, 1998)
"Troglitazone decreases insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), but its effects on subjects without diabetes are not known."	9.07	Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone. ( Beerdsen, P; Joyce, M; Ludvik, B; Nolan, JJ; Olefsky, J, 1994)
"Data from cases of liver failure associated with troglitazone use were abstracted and analyzed."	7.72	Troglitazone-induced liver failure: a case study. ( Graham, DJ; Green, L; Nourjah, P; Senior, JR, 2003)
"A 68-year-old woman, with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and prior long-term simvastatin therapy, self-resumed troglitazone after running out of metformin."	7.71	Myositis, microvesicular hepatitis, and progression to cirrhosis from troglitazone added to simvastatin. ( Caldwell, SH; Hespenheide, EE; von Borstel, RW, 2001)
" When results for patients with and without hypertension were separately analyzed, a significant improvement in SMGU after troglitazone was seen in both normotensive and hypertensive patients (normotensive [n = 10]: baseline, 3."	7.71	Troglitazone improves whole-body insulin resistance and skeletal muscle glucose use in type II diabetic patients. ( Inoue, Y; Momose, T; Moritan, T; Nagai, R; Ohtomo, K; Tateno, M; Yokoyama, I; Yonekura, K, 2001)
"Troglitazone may cause subfulminant liver failure."	7.70	Troglitazone-induced hepatic failure leading to liver transplantation. A case report. ( Brunt, EM; Isley, WL; Neuschwander-Tetri, BA; Oki, JC; Phillips, NJ; Quiason, SG; Ramrakhiani, S, 1998)
"An autopsy case of fatal subacute hepatic failure after administration of troglitazone is described."	7.70	Subacute hepatic failure associated with a new antidiabetic agent, troglitazone: a case report with autopsy examination. ( Adachi, H; Amano, S; Bamba, T; Fujiyama, Y; Fukano, M; Okabe, H; Sato, J; Yamamoto, K, 2000)
"A total of 34 subjects with type 2 diabetes (17 men and 17 women, aged 54+/-2 years and body mass index (BMI) 26."	6.71	Decrease in serum C-reactive protein levels by troglitazone is associated with pretreatment insulin resistance, but independent of its effect on glycemia, in type 2 diabetic subjects. ( Ishibashi, S; Ishikawa, SE; Kusaka, I; Nagasaka, S; Nakamura, T; Yatagai, T; Yoshitaka, A, 2004)
"These hemodynamic changes suggest that a single oral dose of troglitazone induced inotropy without activation of the sympathetic nervous system."	6.70	Troglitazone improves cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure. ( Endo, A; Furuse, Y; Hisatome, I; Igawa, O; Ikawa, S; Kato, M; Kinugawa, T; Ogino, K; Osaki, S; Shigemasa, C; Shimoyama, M; Uchida, K, 2002)
"Seventy-eight patients with type 2 diabetes adequately controlled with glibenclamide were randomly allocated to a troglitazone (400 mg/d)-added group (n = 40) or a control group without placebo (n = 38) and monitored for 24 weeks."	6.70	Troglitazone prevents the rise in visceral adiposity and improves fatty liver associated with sulfonylurea therapy--a randomized controlled trial. ( Hata, S; Ikemoto, S; Inoue, Y; Katoh, S; Matsushima, M; Tajima, N; Yokoyama, J, 2001)
"Troglitazone treatment resulted in a decrease in fasting plasma glucose from 11."	6.69	Effect of troglitazone on B cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Kahn, SE; Porte, D; Prigeon, RL, 1998)
"The management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus with currently available oral agents may be complicated in the elderly by an increased frequency of side-effects."	6.69	Troglitazone, an insulin action enhancer, improves glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in elderly type 2 diabetic patients. ( Barnett, AH; Kumar, S; Lettis, S; Prange, A; Schulze, J, 1998)
"Troglitazone is a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent with insulin-sensitizing activities that was withdrawn from the market in 2000 due to its association with idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity."	5.33	Detection of autoantibody to aldolase B in sera from patients with troglitazone-induced liver dysfunction. ( Kaneko, S; Katoh, K; Maniratanachote, R; Nakajima, M; Sawazaki, T; Shibata, A; Tokudome, S; Wakasugi, T; Yamamori, I; Yokoi, T, 2005)
"Troglitazone has been shown to improve peripheral insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients and animal models."	5.31	Troglitazone improves GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue in an animal model of obese type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Adachi, Y; Araki-Sasaki, R; Furuta, M; Gabazza, EC; Hori, Y; Katsuki, A; Nakatani, K; Sumida, Y; Tanaka, T; Yano, Y, 2002)
"Metformin-treated rats gained significantly less weight."	5.29	Prevention of hyperglycemia in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat by treatment with metformin or troglitazone. ( Burant, CF; Polonsky, KS; Pugh, W; Sreenan, S; Sturis, J, 1996)
"We analyzed data from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) for 2,476 adults in 1996-1999 with prediabetes randomized to receive treatment with lifestyle modification, metformin, or placebo for 2-3 years and followed through 2014 for T2DM and CVD outcomes."	5.27	Use of a Metabolic Syndrome Severity ( DeBoer, MD; Filipp, SL; Gurka, MJ, 2018)
"Insulin sensitization and reduction in blood pressure may be contributory mechanisms by which troglitazone reduced subclinical atherosclerosis progression in this cohort of well-controlled insulin-dependent patients with clinical characteristics suggesting type 2 diabetes."	5.12	Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist treatment on subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes. ( Alaupovic, P; Buchanan, TA; Garcia, K; Hodis, HN; Hollen, B; Li, Y; Mack, WJ; Sevilla, D; Stewart, Y; Torres, M; Zheng, L, 2006)
"This study was designed to assess the usefulness of a model-based index of insulin sensitivity during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the identification of possible changes in this metabolic parameter produced by pharmacological agents known to be potent insulin sensitizers, that is metformin (M) and thiazolidinedione (T)."	5.12	Insulin sensitivity during oral glucose tolerance test and its relations to parameters of glucose metabolism and endothelial function in type 2 diabetic subjects under metformin and thiazolidinedione. ( Hanusch-Enserer, U; Kautzky-Willer, A; Ludvik, B; Pacini, G; Prager, R; Tura, A; Wagner, OF; Winzer, C, 2006)
"We tested the effect-modifying role of Pro12Ala on the 1 year change in obesity-related traits in a randomised clinical trial of treatment with metformin (n = 989), troglitazone (n = 363) or lifestyle modification (n = 1,004) vs placebo (n = 1,000) for diabetes prevention in high-risk individuals."	5.12	The Pro12Ala variant at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene and change in obesity-related traits in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Altshuler, D; Delahanty, L; Florez, JC; Franks, PW; Hanson, RL; Jablonski, KA; Kahn, SE; Knowler, WC, 2007)
"The study was undertaken to assess the long-term cardiovascular effects of troglitazone on non-diabetic individuals with insulin resistance."	5.10	Long-term cardiovascular effects of insulin sensitizer troglitazone on non-diabetic individuals with insulin resistance: double blind, prospective randomized study. ( Boudoulas, H; Osei, K; Schuster, DP; Sparks, EA; Stakos, DA; Wooley, CF, 2003)
" Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIGTs) were conducted on Latino women with impaired glucose tolerance and a history of gestational diabetes before and after 12 weeks of treatment with 400 mg/day troglitazone (n = 13) or placebo (n = 12)."	5.09	Response of pancreatic beta-cells to improved insulin sensitivity in women at high risk for type 2 diabetes. ( Azen, SP; Berkowitz, K; Buchanan, TA; Goico, J; Kjos, SL; Marroquin, A; Ochoa, C; Peters, RK; Xiang, AH, 2000)
"Troglitazone, a newly developed thiazolidinedione derivative, has been shown to ameliorate microalbuminuria in diabetic animal model and in human diabetic nephropathy in short-term studies."	5.09	Effect of troglitazone on urinary albumin excretion and serum type IV collagen concentrations in Type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. ( Ebihara, L; Koide, H; Nakamura, T; Sekizuka, K; Shimada, N; Suzuki, S; Ushiyama, C, 2001)
" Troglitazone (CS-045) is a newly developed antidiabetic agent that enhances insulin sensitivity."	5.08	Enhancement of insulin sensitivity by troglitazone lowers blood pressure in diabetic hypertensives. ( Ikegami, H; Masuo, K; Mikami, H; Ogihara, T; Rakugi, H, 1995)
"We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled study to determine the effects of the thiazolidinedione compound troglitazone on whole-body insulin sensitivity (SI), pancreatic beta-cell function, and glucose tolerance in 42 Latino women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), characteristics that carry an 80% risk of developing NIDDM within 5 years."	5.08	Effect of troglitazone on insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta-cell function in women at high risk for NIDDM. ( Azen, S; Berkowitz, K; Buchanan, TA; Dunn, ME; Goico, J; Kjos, SL; Marroquin, A; Peters, R; Xiang, A, 1996)
"Troglitazone, which improves peripheral insulin resistance of experimental diabetic animals and diabetic patients, affects ob gene expression in the adipose tissue of rodents."	5.08	Troglitazone reduces plasma leptin concentration but increases hunger in NIDDM patients. ( Kobayashi, I; Mori, M; Sato, N; Shimizu, H; Shimomura, Y; Tsuchiya, T, 1998)
"Troglitazone ameliorated microalbuminuria in diabetic nephropathy."	5.08	Effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy. ( Arai, K; Hori, M; Imano, E; Kajimoto, Y; Kanda, T; Motomura, M; Nakatani, Y; Nishida, T; Yamasaki, Y, 1998)
"Troglitazone decreases insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), but its effects on subjects without diabetes are not known."	5.07	Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone. ( Beerdsen, P; Joyce, M; Ludvik, B; Nolan, JJ; Olefsky, J, 1994)
" Metformin and troglitazone, approved for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), improve insulin sensitivity and lower plasma glucose concentrations."	4.80	Insulin resistance syndrome: options for treatment. ( Fonseca, VA; Granberry, MC, 1999)
"Insulin resistance is a major component of type 2 diabetes; therefore, an insulin sensitizer agent like the thiazolidinedione compound troglitazone is considered a very promising drug."	4.80	Troglitazone: antihyperglycemic activity and potential role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Lefèbvre, PJ; Scheen, AJ, 1999)
"Troglitazone, a newly introduced insulin sensitizer, has been implicated in prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease especially associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance."	4.80	[Cardiovascular effects of the thiazolidinedione troglitazone]. ( Kuzuya, H; Nakano, T; Yamada, K, 2000)
" Metformin, an antihyperglycemic drug of the biguanide class, may be effective in subjects with IGT by reducing hepatic glucose output, enhancing insulin sensitivity, or through other mechanisms such as weight loss."	4.79	[Drug therapy in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance]. ( Kawamori, R; Yoshii, H, 1996)
" Recent studies demonstrated that hypoglycemic agents improving insulin resistance such as metformin and troglitazone reduce blood pressure."	4.79	[Treatment of hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus]. ( Katayama, S, 1997)
"The object of this study is to evaluate the effects of age, gender, age-by-gender interaction, Type II diabetes, body weight, race, smoking, and formulation on steady-state pharmacokinetics of troglitazone, Metabolite 1 (sulfate conjugate), and Metabolite 3 (quinone metabolite) following multiple-dose oral administration of troglitazone."	4.79	Meta-analysis of steady-state pharmacokinetics of troglitazone and its metabolites. ( Abel, R; Alvey, CW; Koup, JR; Loi, CM; Randinitis, EJ; Young, MA, 1997)
"Data from cases of liver failure associated with troglitazone use were abstracted and analyzed."	3.72	Troglitazone-induced liver failure: a case study. ( Graham, DJ; Green, L; Nourjah, P; Senior, JR, 2003)
"A 68-year-old woman, with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, and prior long-term simvastatin therapy, self-resumed troglitazone after running out of metformin."	3.71	Myositis, microvesicular hepatitis, and progression to cirrhosis from troglitazone added to simvastatin. ( Caldwell, SH; Hespenheide, EE; von Borstel, RW, 2001)
" When results for patients with and without hypertension were separately analyzed, a significant improvement in SMGU after troglitazone was seen in both normotensive and hypertensive patients (normotensive [n = 10]: baseline, 3."	3.71	Troglitazone improves whole-body insulin resistance and skeletal muscle glucose use in type II diabetic patients. ( Inoue, Y; Momose, T; Moritan, T; Nagai, R; Ohtomo, K; Tateno, M; Yokoyama, I; Yonekura, K, 2001)
"Troglitazone may cause subfulminant liver failure."	3.70	Troglitazone-induced hepatic failure leading to liver transplantation. A case report. ( Brunt, EM; Isley, WL; Neuschwander-Tetri, BA; Oki, JC; Phillips, NJ; Quiason, SG; Ramrakhiani, S, 1998)
"To determine whether hypoglycemic agents such as sulfonylureas, biguanides and the newly developed insulin sensitizers such as troglitazone, have hypotensive effects in an animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus associated with insulin resistance, male Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats aged 12 weeks were administered following hypoglycemic agents or vehicle by gavage for 26 weeks; glibenclamide (5 mg/kg/day), metformin (100 mg/kg/day) and troglitazone (70 mg/kg/day)."	3.70	Troglitazone and metformin, but not glibenclamide, decrease blood pressure in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. ( Awata, T; Chen, S; Katayama, S; Kosegawa, I; Negishi, K, 1999)
"An autopsy case of fatal subacute hepatic failure after administration of troglitazone is described."	3.70	Subacute hepatic failure associated with a new antidiabetic agent, troglitazone: a case report with autopsy examination. ( Adachi, H; Amano, S; Bamba, T; Fujiyama, Y; Fukano, M; Okabe, H; Sato, J; Yamamoto, K, 2000)
"To determine the relationship between hypoglycemic activity and body weight gain induced by insulin sensitizers, we compared the effects of thiazolidinedione analogs (troglitazone and pioglitazone) and the oxadiazolidinedione analog (Z)-1,4-bis4[(3,5-dioxo-1,2,4-oxadiazolidin-2-yl)methyl]phen oxy¿but-2-ene (YM440) in diabetic db/db mice."	3.70	The novel hypoglycemic agent YM440 normalizes hyperglycemia without changing body fat weight in diabetic db/db mice. ( Hirayama, R; Kurosaki, E; Nakano, R; Shibasaki, M; Shikama, H; Shimaya, A, 2000)
" We tested the hypothesis that troglitazone, which improves insulin sensitivity and lowers plasma insulin levels in insulin-resistant obese subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes, would also lower circulating PAI-1 antigen concentrations and activity."	3.70	Effects of troglitazone on blood concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes and in lean and obese normal subjects. ( Kruszynska, YT; Olefsky, JM; Sobel, BE; Yu, JG, 2000)
"Troglitazone (TRG) is an orally active antidiabetic agent that increases insulin sensitivity in models of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), subsequently reducing hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia."	3.69	Metabolic effects of troglitazone in the Goto-Kakizaki rat, a non-obese and normolipidemic rodent model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Cornicelli, JA; Davis, JA; O'Rourke, CM; Saltiel, AR, 1997)
"We found that increasing dosage of the C risk allele at SLC30A8 rs13266634 was significantly associated with higher proinsulin levels at baseline (p = 0."	2.76	Association of the SLC30A8 missense polymorphism R325W with proinsulin levels at baseline and after lifestyle, metformin or troglitazone intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Florez, JC; Goldberg, RB; Jablonski, KA; Kahn, SE; Majithia, AR; Mather, KJ; McAteer, JB, 2011)
"Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their first-degree relatives (FDRs) are characterized by hypoadiponectinaema and insulin resistance."	2.73	Adiponectin and its response to thiazolidinediones are associated with insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients and their first-degree relatives. ( Beck-Nielsen, H; Hulstrøm, V; Højlund, K; Levin, K; Vinten, J, 2008)
"Then troglitazone was resumed for a further 19 months."	2.72	Effect of troglitazone on serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and plasma t-PA/PAI-1 complex in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Akiyama, Y; Koh, H; Yui, K, 2006)
"Metformin treatment had no significant impact on GSK-3 protein expression in either adipocytes or skeletal muscle."	2.72	Tissue-specific expression and regulation of GSK-3 in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. ( Baxi, S; Christiansen, L; Ciaraldi, TP; Henry, RR; Kong, AP; Mudaliar, S; Nikoulina, SE; Oh, DK, 2006)
"Troglitazone treatment increased serum adiponectin levels nearly threefold."	2.71	Modulation of circulating and adipose tissue adiponectin levels by antidiabetic therapy. ( Aroda, V; Bandukwala, R; Baxi, S; Carter, L; Ciaraldi, TP; Henry, RR; Kong, AP; Mudaliar, SR; Phillips, SA, 2003)
"Troglitazone treatment of type 2 diabetic patients diminishes sCD40L levels, suggesting a novel antiinflammatory mechanism for limiting diabetes-associated arterial disease."	2.71	Elevated plasma levels of the atherogenic mediator soluble CD40 ligand in diabetic patients: a novel target of thiazolidinediones. ( Bernal, MR; Calle-Pascual, AL; Fernández-Cruz, A; Goldfine, A; Horton, E; Jarolim, P; Libby, P; Nuzzo, R; Schönbeck, U; Varo, JJ; Varo, N; Veves, A; Vicent, D, 2003)
" The objective of this study was to examine the impact of chronic use of an insulin sensitizer on glucose metabolism in normal glucose tolerant AA at risk for DM (previous gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] or first-degree relative with DM)."	2.71	The impact of an insulin sensitizer, troglitazone, on glucose metabolism in African Americans at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, 24-month randomized study. ( Gaillard, T; Habash, D; Osei, K; Rhinesmith, S; Schuster, D, 2003)
"A total of 34 subjects with type 2 diabetes (17 men and 17 women, aged 54+/-2 years and body mass index (BMI) 26."	2.71	Decrease in serum C-reactive protein levels by troglitazone is associated with pretreatment insulin resistance, but independent of its effect on glycemia, in type 2 diabetic subjects. ( Ishibashi, S; Ishikawa, SE; Kusaka, I; Nagasaka, S; Nakamura, T; Yatagai, T; Yoshitaka, A, 2004)
"The impact of type 2 diabetes on the ability of muscle to accumulate and dispose of fatty acids and triglycerides was evaluated in cultured muscle cells from nondiabetic (ND) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects."	2.71	Impaired fatty acid metabolism in type 2 diabetic skeletal muscle cells is reversed by PPARgamma agonists. ( Carter, L; Cha, BS; Ciaraldi, TP; Henry, RR; Mudaliar, SR; Park, KS, 2005)
"Troglitazone therapy was compared with other DPP interventions, considering both the short-term "in-trial" results and the longer-term results after troglitazone were discontinued."	2.71	Prevention of type 2 diabetes with troglitazone in the Diabetes Prevention Program. ( Barrett-Connor, E; Edelstein, SL; Ehrmann, DA; Fowler, SE; Hamman, RF; Kahn, SE; Knowler, WC; Nathan, DM; Walker, EA, 2005)
"Troglitazone treatment resulted in an average 75% increase in the adiponectin levels, but no changes were observed in the endothelium-dependent vasodilation, any other measurement of vascular reactivity, or any other markers of endothelial activation."	2.71	Troglitazone-induced changes in adiponectin do not affect endothelial function in diabetes. ( Buras, J; Horton, ES; Orlow, D; Reenstra, WR; Veves, A, 2005)
" However, there was a significant reduction in insulin dosage with troglitazone treatment (22."	2.71	The metabolic effects of troglitazone in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease. ( Arakaki, R; Bornemann, M; Genadio, V; Mohideen, P; Sugihara, J; Sugihara, V, 2005)
"Treatment with troglitazone delayed or prevented the onset of type 2 diabetes in high-risk Hispanic women."	2.70	Preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function and prevention of type 2 diabetes by pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance in high-risk hispanic women. ( Azen, SP; Berkowitz, K; Buchanan, TA; Goico, J; Hodis, HN; Kjos, SL; Marroquin, A; Ochoa, C; Peters, RK; Tan, S; Xiang, AH, 2002)
"Metformin was titrated to a maximum dose of 2,000 mg and troglitazone to 600 mg."	2.70	Comparison of insulin monotherapy and combination therapy with insulin and metformin or insulin and troglitazone in type 2 diabetes. ( Avilés-Santa, ML; Raskin, P; Strowig, SM, 2002)
"These hemodynamic changes suggest that a single oral dose of troglitazone induced inotropy without activation of the sympathetic nervous system."	2.70	Troglitazone improves cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure. ( Endo, A; Furuse, Y; Hisatome, I; Igawa, O; Ikawa, S; Kato, M; Kinugawa, T; Ogino, K; Osaki, S; Shigemasa, C; Shimoyama, M; Uchida, K, 2002)
"Seventy-eight patients with type 2 diabetes adequately controlled with glibenclamide were randomly allocated to a troglitazone (400 mg/d)-added group (n = 40) or a control group without placebo (n = 38) and monitored for 24 weeks."	2.70	Troglitazone prevents the rise in visceral adiposity and improves fatty liver associated with sulfonylurea therapy--a randomized controlled trial. ( Hata, S; Ikemoto, S; Inoue, Y; Katoh, S; Matsushima, M; Tajima, N; Yokoyama, J, 2001)
"The thiazolidinedione troglitazone, at a dosage of 400 mg/d, is effective when used in combination with sulfonylurea and metformin."	2.70	The effect of a thiazolidinedione drug, troglitazone, on glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus poorly controlled with sulfonylurea and metformin. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Foyt, HL; Ghazzi, MN; Owens-Grillo, JK; Valiquett, TR; Whitcomb, RW; Yale, JF, 2001)
"Seven obese patients with type 2 diabetes were treated with troglitazone (400 mg/day) for 4 weeks."	2.70	Nuclear factor-kappaB suppressive and inhibitor-kappaB stimulatory effects of troglitazone in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: evidence of an antiinflammatory action? ( Aljada, A; Assian, E; Dandona, P; Garg, R; Ghanim, H; Hamouda, W; Mohanty, P, 2001)
"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and a high rate of arterial thrombotic complications."	2.70	Blood thrombogenicity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is associated with glycemic control. ( Badimon, JJ; Crandall, JP; Fallon, JT; Fuster, V; Heflt, G; Herson, P; Lev, EI; Osende, JI; Rabito, P; Rauch, U; Rodriguez, OJ; Vidhun, R; Zaman, A, 2001)
"Metformin treatment increased insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose disposal rates by 20% (P < 0."	2.70	Regulation of glucose transport and insulin signaling by troglitazone or metformin in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic subjects. ( Baxi, S; Caulfield, M; Chu, NV; Ciaraldi, TP; Henry, RR; Kim, DD; Kong, AP; Loviscach, M; Mudaliar, S; Plodkowski, R; Reitz, R, 2002)
"Troglitazone treatment resulted in a 35 +/- 9% improvement in GDR (P < 0."	2.70	Troglitazone but not metformin restores insulin-stimulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and increases p110beta protein levels in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects. ( Chu, N; Ciaraldi, TP; Henry, RR; Kahn, BB; Kim, D; Kim, YB; Kong, A; Mohideen, P; Mudaliar, S, 2002)
"Troglitazone therapy was associated with increases in LDL size (26."	2.70	Differential effects of metformin and troglitazone on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. ( Armstrong, D; Baxi, S; Caulfield, M; Chu, NV; Deutsch, R; Henry, RR; Kim, DD; Kong, AP; Mudaliar, SR; Reaven, PD; Reitz, R, 2002)
"Troglitazone is a new insulin-sensitizing agent used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus."	2.69	Metabolic effects of troglitazone monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( Buchanan, TA; Burant, CF; Cline, G; Gumbiner, B; Hsueh, WA; Inzucchi, S; Kelley, D; Maggs, DG; Nolan, J; Olefsky, JM; Polonsky, KS; Shulman, GI; Silver, D; Valiquett, TR, 1998)
"Troglitazone treatment resulted in a decrease in fasting plasma glucose from 11."	2.69	Effect of troglitazone on B cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Kahn, SE; Porte, D; Prigeon, RL, 1998)
"Troglitazone is a new oral antidiabetic drug that increases the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin."	2.69	Effect of troglitazone in insulin-treated patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Troglitazone and Exogenous Insulin Study Group. ( Fonseca, V; Graveline, JF; Raskin, P; Schwartz, S, 1998)
" The primary aim of the TRIPOD trial is to test the hypothesis that chronic administration of troglitazone to nondiabetic women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) will improve whole-body insulin sensitivity and reduce the incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM)."	2.69	TRIPOD (TRoglitazone In the Prevention Of Diabetes): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of troglitazone in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus. ( Azen, SP; Berkowitz, K; Buchanan, TA; Kjos, S; Peters, RK; Xiang, A, 1998)
"Troglitazone is a novel once-daily oral antidiabetic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients."	2.69	Establishing the dose response curve for metabolic control with troglitazone, an insulin action enhancer, in type 2 diabetes patients. ( Eastmond, R; Eckland, DJ; Lettis, S; Young, MA, 1998)
"Patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on sulfonylurea can be effectively managed with a combination of troglitazone and sulfonylurea that is safe, well tolerated, and represents a new approach to achieving the glycemic targets recommended by the American Diabetes Association."	2.69	Troglitazone in combination with sulfonylurea restores glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The Troglitazone Study Group. ( Ghazzi, MN; Horton, ES; Venable, TC; Whitcomb, RW; Whitehouse, F, 1998)
"The management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus with currently available oral agents may be complicated in the elderly by an increased frequency of side-effects."	2.69	Troglitazone, an insulin action enhancer, improves glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in elderly type 2 diabetic patients. ( Barnett, AH; Kumar, S; Lettis, S; Prange, A; Schulze, J, 1998)
"Troglitazone is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), which has been shown to improve the metabolic control of type 2 diabetes."	2.69	Pharmacokinetics of troglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, in patients with hepatic insufficiency. ( Ott, P; Ranek, L; Young, MA, 1998)
"Troglitazone was recently reported to specifically promote the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into adipocytes in vitro in subcutaneous fat only, indicating a relation to insulin-resistance-improving action of troglitazone."	2.69	Effect of troglitazone on body fat distribution in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Horikoshi, H; Ikeda, Y; Mori, Y; Murakawa, Y; Okada, K; Tajima, N; Yokoyama, J, 1999)
"The present study examined the hemodynamic mechanisms of blood pressure (BP) lowering by troglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) at rest and during a mental arithmetic test (MAT)."	2.69	Vasodilatory effects of troglitazone improve blood pressure at rest and during mental stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Dandona, P; Izzo, JL; Sung, BH; Wilson, MF, 1999)
"Troglitazone and metformin lower glucose levels in diabetic patients without increasing plasma insulin levels."	2.69	A comparison of troglitazone and metformin on insulin requirements in euglycemic intensively insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. ( Kruszynska, YT; Mulford, MI; Olefsky, JM; Yu, JG, 1999)
"Despite the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes, existing treatment strategies often fail."	2.69	Economic assessment of troglitazone as an adjunct to sulfonylurea therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Caro, JJ; Copley-Merriman, C; Flegel, KM; Kavanagh, PL; Klittich, WS; O'Brien, JA; Raggio, G; Shomphe, LA; Sigler, C, 2000)
"Forty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly treated for 4 weeks with glibenclamide (n = 23) or troglitazone (n = 24)."	2.69	Improvement by the insulin-sensitizing agent, troglitazone, of abnormal fibrinolysis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Kato, K; Midorikawa, S; Sato, W; Watanabe, T; Yamada, D, 2000)
"Troglitazone was well tolerated in these three open-label studies; a total of 758 patients completed a total exposure of 16,264 patient-months to troglitazone in these three studies with minimal adverse events."	2.69	Long-term effects of troglitazone: open-label extension studies in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Fonseca, V; Foyt, HL; Shen, K; Whitcomb, R, 2000)
"Repaglinide monotherapy was more effective in lowering HbA1c levels than troglitazone monotherapy Repaglinide/troglitazone combination therapy was effective and did not show unexpected adverse events."	2.69	Repaglinide/troglitazone combination therapy: improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. ( Berger, S; Jovanovic, L; Raskin, P; Ratner, R; Schwartz, S; Woo, V, 2000)
"Troglitazone was given at a dose of 400 mg/day to 20 patients with type 2 diabetes whose diet and sulfonylurea therapy produced unsatisfactory glycemic control (HbA(1c) >7."	2.69	Efficacy of troglitazone on body fat distribution in type 2 diabetes. ( Akazawa, S; Eguchi, K; Ito, M; Kawasaki, E; Sun, F, 2000)
"There were 284 NIDDM patients (20-82 years of age) whose glycemic control while on a diet was judged stable but was judged unsatisfactory (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] > or = 8."	2.68	Effects of troglitazone: a new hypoglycemic agent in patients with NIDDM poorly controlled by diet therapy. ( Akanuma, Y; Iwamoto, Y; Kaneko, T; Kosaka, K; Kuzuya, T; Shigeta, Y, 1996)
"Treatment with troglitazone is associated with an improvement in hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin-mediated glucose disposal."	2.68	Cardiac and glycemic benefits of troglitazone treatment in NIDDM. The Troglitazone Study Group. ( Antonucci, TK; Driscoll, JH; Faja, BW; Ghazzi, MN; Huang, SM; Perez, JE; Whitcomb, RW, 1997)
"Insulin resistance is a potential target for pharmacologic intervention in non-insulin-dependent diabetes."	2.68	Effects of troglitazone on insulin action and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. ( Anichini, R; Ferrannini, E; Foot, E; Gastaldelli, A; Pecori, N; Seghieri, G; Sironi, AM; Vichi, S, 1997)
"A total of 23, diet-treated, NIDDM subjects received either TR, 200 mg once daily (n = 11) or placebo (PL) (n = 12) for 45 days."	2.68	Good metabolic and safety profile of troglitazone alone and following alcohol in NIDDM subjects. ( Eastmond, R; Foot, EA, 1997)
"Nineteen NIDDM patients (mean +/- SD age 48."	2.67	Effect of new oral antidiabetic agent CS-045 on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in patients with NIDDM. ( Awata, T; Inooka, G; Iwamoto, Y; Kumakura, S; Kuzuya, T; Matsuda, A; Shiraishi, I, 1991)
" The drug was more effective in a dosage of 400 mg than with 200 mg (the rate of efficacy 46% vs 25%) and more effective in obese patients than in lean patients (46% vs 25%)."	2.67	A pilot clinical trial of a new oral hypoglycemic agent, CS-045, in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. ( Akanuma, Y; Iwamoto, Y; Kajinuma, H; Kasuga, M; Kosaka, K; Kuzuya, T; Shigeta, Y; Takebe, K; Yamanouchi, T; Yoshida, S, 1991)
" This article reviews the clinical data behind the use of metformin in combination with TZDs for the management of diabetes, its impact on vascular health, side effects and potential mechanisms of action for combined use."	2.44	Treatment update: thiazolidinediones in combination with metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. ( Elasy, T; Stafford, JM, 2007)
"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing epidemic."	2.43	Pharmacologic prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Anderson, DC, 2005)
"Thus, diabetic nephropathy is currently the number one cause of end-stage renal disease in the Western world."	2.43	Protection of the kidney by thiazolidinediones: an assessment from bench to bedside. ( Bakris, GL; Sarafidis, PA, 2006)
"Type 2 diabetes is the most common metabolic disease."	2.42	Prevention of type 2 diabetes: are we ready? ( Bouche, C; Goldfine, AB, 2003)
"Treatment with metformin was less effective than lifestyle modifications, resulting in an average reduction of risk for development of type 2 diabetes by 31% compared with placebo."	2.42	[Progress in the prevention of type 2 diabetes]. ( Schernthaner, G, 2003)
"Troglitazone was subsequently withdrawn because of concerns about hepatotoxicity, which appears to be less of a problem with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone."	2.41	Troglitazone: the discovery and development of a novel therapy for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Parker, JC, 2002)
" The prandial glucose regulator repaglinide has been studied in combination with metformin (an inhibitor of hepatic glucose production), neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH)-insulin (which has a long duration of effect, but at the risk of early hypoglycaemia and late hyperglycaemia in the dosing interval) and three thiazolidinediones (TZDs--troglitazone, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, which stimulate nuclear receptors to increase insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance) in patients whose diabetes was inadequately controlled by previous monotherapy or combination therapy."	2.41	Repaglinide in combination therapy. ( Moses, R, 2002)
"The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing due to a combination of factors: increasing lifespan, sedentary lifestyle, excessive intake of high energy foods, increasing prevalence of overweight/obese people."	2.41	Prevention of type 2 diabetes. ( Lai, LC, 2002)
"Troglitazone is a useful new oral antihyperglycemic agent, but in about 1."	2.41	Hepatotoxicity due to troglitazone: report of two cases and review of adverse events reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration. ( Banner, BF; Bonkovsky, HL; Kohlroser, J; Mathai, J; Reichheld, J, 2000)
"Troglitazone was designed to combine tocopherol, anti-peroxidant, and thiazolidinedione."	2.41	[The development of thiazolidinedione drugs as anti-diabetic agents]. ( Kuzuya, T, 2000)
"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing problem not only in the United States but also across the world."	2.41	New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers. ( Henry, RR; Mudaliar, S, 2001)
"Insulin resistance is a change in physiologic regulation such that a fixed dose of insulin causes less of an effect on glucose metabolism than occurs in normal individuals."	2.41	Insulin resistance and its treatment by thiazolidinediones. ( Banerji, MA; Lebovitz, HE, 2001)
"Troglitazone was the first drug which reached the market."	2.41	[Thiazolidinediones--a new class of oral antidiabetic drugs]. ( Csermely, P; Jermendy, G, 2001)
" In 80% of patients, addition of TZD caused not only the decrease in insulin dosage and/or HbA1c but also the decrease in hypoglycemic events presumably through improvement in insulin profile, i."	2.41	[Clinical usefulness of combination treatment with thiazolidinedione and insulin]. ( Kitamura, R; Tanaka, Y, 2001)
"particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications."	2.41	Hepatotoxicity with thiazolidinediones: is it a class effect? ( Scheen, AJ, 2001)
" When multiple dosages of a drug were tested, the results of the highest approved dosage were used."	2.41	Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes: scientific review. ( Inzucchi, SE, 2002)
"In these populations, NIDDM may be present in 10% to as much as 50% of the adult population."	2.40	[Steps toward the primary prevention of type II diabetes mellitus. Various epidemiological considerations]. ( Flórez, H, 1997)
"Troglitazone acts as an insulin sensitizer."	2.40	Troglitazone: an antidiabetic agent. ( Chen, C, 1998)
"Although most patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus can be initially managed with diet and exercise alone, most eventually require at least oral agents if not insulin to maintain glycemic control."	2.40	Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bethel, MA; Feinglos, MN, 1998)
"Troglitazone is a valuable addition to the arsenal of antidiabetic drugs for type 2 diabetes."	2.40	Troglitazone. Is it all over? ( Hoekstra, JB; Kuck, EM; Wagenaar, LJ, 1999)
"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that results from defects in both insulin secretion and insulin action."	2.40	Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( DeFronzo, RA, 1999)
"The relief of insulin resistance is one of the two therapeutic targets of the treatment of type 2 diabetes."	2.40	[Current status of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The revival of insulin-resistance drugs]. ( Andres, E; Blicklé, JF; Brogard, JM; Neyrolles, N, 1999)
" Discussion of its putative risks and benefits as well as the barriers to its wider use both in the context of monotherapy and in combination with oral antidiabetic agents is provided."	2.40	The use of insulin alone and in combination with oral agents in type 2 diabetes. ( Buse, JB, 1999)
"Current agents for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus improve the metabolic profile but do not reinstate normality."	2.40	New agents for Type 2 diabetes. ( Bailey, CJ; Nattrass, M, 1999)
"Troglitazone was found to increase mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in the liver mitochondria of diabetic rats to a greater extent than in control rats, whereas mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation were not affected."	1.48	Increased susceptibility to troglitazone-induced mitochondrial permeability transition in type 2 diabetes mellitus model rat. ( Ito, K; Sato, T; Segawa, M; Sekine, S, 2018)
"However, regulation of Angptl8 in human type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and renal dysfunction has not been determined."	1.40	Circulating angiopoietin-like protein 8 is independently associated with fasting plasma glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Bachmann, A; Blüher, M; Ebert, T; Fasshauer, M; Hoffmann, A; Kralisch, S; Kratzsch, J; Lössner, U; Stumvoll, M; Tönjes, A, 2014)
"Troglitazone (TGZ) was used as an insulin sensitizer."	1.39	Role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis and development of type 2 diabetes in WBN/Kob-Lepr(fa) rats. ( Asai, F; Kaji, N; Nagakubo, D; Ohno-Ichiki, K; Okuno, A; Shirai, M; Takahashi, A, 2013)
"Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of future development of type 2 diabetes."	1.39	Prediction of type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes using a genetic risk score. ( Cho, NH; Cho, YM; Choi, SH; Jang, HC; Jung, HS; Kim, K; Kim, SY; Kwak, SH; Lim, S; Park, KS, 2013)
"There is evidence that one of the key type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci identified by GWAS exerts its influence early on in life through its impact on pediatric BMI."	1.38	Expression analyses of the genes harbored by the type 2 diabetes and pediatric BMI associated locus on 10q23. ( Aziz, AR; Deliard, S; Grant, SF; Zhao, J, 2012)
"Troglitazone treatment improved ischemic tolerance by improving glucose metabolism in the myocardium of those rats."	1.34	Exacerbation of acidosis during ischemia and reperfusion arrhythmia in hearts from type 2 Diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. ( Anzawa, R; Horikoshi, K; Mochizuki, S; Seki, S; Taniguchi, M, 2007)
"Rosiglitazone has been available since June 1999 and is still on the market."	1.33	Impact of regulatory labeling for troglitazone and rosiglitazone on hepatic enzyme monitoring compliance: findings from the state of Ohio medicaid program. ( Cluxton, RJ; Heaton, PC; Hsu, VD; Li, Z; Moomaw, CJ; Rodriguez, EM; Weiss, SR; Zuckerman, IH, 2005)
"A total of 32 patients with type 2 diabetes were studied."	1.33	Improvement of liver function parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with thiazolidinediones. ( Babaya, N; Fujisawa, T; Ikegami, H; Inoue, K; Itoi-Babaya, M; Kawabata, Y; Nishino, M; Nojima, K; Ogihara, T; Ono, M; Taniguchi, H, 2005)
"Troglitazone is a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent with insulin-sensitizing activities that was withdrawn from the market in 2000 due to its association with idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity."	1.33	Detection of autoantibody to aldolase B in sera from patients with troglitazone-induced liver dysfunction. ( Kaneko, S; Katoh, K; Maniratanachote, R; Nakajima, M; Sawazaki, T; Shibata, A; Tokudome, S; Wakasugi, T; Yamamori, I; Yokoi, T, 2005)
"To determine, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, whether an association exists between thiazolidinedione therapy or other diabetes therapies and hospital admission for heart failure."	1.33	Risk of hospitalization for heart failure associated with thiazolidinedione therapy: a medicaid claims-based case-control study. ( Bultemeier, NC; Hartung, DM; Haxby, DG; Touchette, DR, 2005)
"Troglitazone is a 2,4-thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent with insulin-sensitizing activities."	1.32	A study to survey susceptible genetic factors responsible for troglitazone-associated hepatotoxicity in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Furukawa, H; Haruyama, H; Izumi, T; Koga, T; Koishi, R; Matsushita, Y; Miyoshi, K; Nakamura, K; Shimizu, M; Sugawara, M; Takahashi, T; Tomita, A; Watanabe, I; Yasumo, H, 2003)
" These data demonstrate that chronic administration of troglitazone is associated with a greatly attenuated responsiveness towards inducers of hepatic TNF-alpha and IL-6 production."	1.31	Down-regulation by troglitazone of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 mRNA expression in a murine model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. ( Bedoucha, M; Boelsterli, UA; Sigrist, S, 2000)
"Troglitazone has low and variable oral bioavailability."	1.31	Pharmacokinetics of the insulin-sensitizing agent troglitazone in cats. ( Boudinot, FD; Ferguson, DC; Hoenig, M; Michels, GM, 2000)
"Seven healthy nonsmoking subjects with type 2 diabetes were studied before and after completion of 3 months of troglitazone (400 mg/day) therapy."	1.31	Mechanism of troglitazone action in type 2 diabetes. ( Cline, GW; Dufour, S; Inzucchi, S; Krssak, M; Petersen, KF; Shulman, GI, 2000)
"Troglitazone has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and thereby exert hypoglycemic effects in various animal models and humans with insulin resistance and diabetes."	1.31	Troglitazone prevents and reverses dyslipidemia, insulin secretory defects, and histologic abnormalities in a rat model of naturally occurring obese diabetes. ( Akiyama, T; Fukumitsu, KI; Jia, DM; Nakamura, H; Otsuki, M; Tabaru, A, 2000)
"Troglitazone is a newly developed antidiabetic drug and is indicated to be useful for the treatment of patients with type II diabetes mellitus."	1.31	Troglitazone prevents fatty changes of the liver in obese diabetic rats. ( Abe, S; Akiyama, T; Jia, DM; Otsuki, M; Tabaru, A, 2000)
"Patients with NIDDM have excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, even in the absence of hypertension."	1.31	Troglitazone, an antidiabetic drug, improves left ventricular mass and diastolic function in normotensive diabetic patients. ( Abe, N; Hirayama, H; Makino, N; Sugano, M; Yonemoch, H, 2001)
"Troglitazone treatment reduced SGLT1 mRNA and protein expression levels by 50% in ZDF and ZLC rats, but had no effect on mucosal mass or the expression levels of GLUT2 mRNA and protein, GLUT5 mRNA, and PPAR-gamma mRNA."	1.31	Effects of type-2 diabetes and troglitazone on the expression patterns of small intestinal sugar transporters and PPAR-gamma in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat. ( Burant, C; Corpe, C; Sreenan, S, 2001)
" This provides a source of excess FAs that enter potentially toxic pathways of nonoxidative metabolism leading to apoptosis of certain tissues."	1.31	Lipotoxicity of beta-cells in obesity and in other causes of fatty acid spillover. ( Unger, RH; Zhou, YT, 2001)
"Troglitazone treatment significantly increased pancreatic wet weight and protein, DNA, and enzyme contents compared with those in the control rats."	1.31	Troglitazone stimulates pancreatic growth in congenitally CCK-A receptor-deficient OLETF rats. ( Akiyama, T; Fukumitsu, KI; Jia, DM; Otsuki, M; Tabaru, A, 2001)
"Diabetic nephropathy is characterized functionally by glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria and histologically by the expansion of glomerular mesangium."	1.31	Cellular mechanisms in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy: activation of the DAG-PKC-ERK pathway. ( Haneda, M; Kikkawa, R; Koya, D, 2001)
"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin-resistant glucose and lipid metabolism."	1.31	Thiazolidinediones enhance insulin-mediated suppression of fatty acid flux in type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Davis, AO; Klein, S; McGill, JB; Racette, SB, 2002)
"Troglitazone treatment had a slight depressor effect (decreasing the blood pressure from 133 +/- 5/72 +/- 3 to 127 +/- 4/68 +/- 1 mmHg; p < 0."	1.31	Effect of troglitazone on endothelial function in type 2 diabetic patients. ( Dohi, Y; Gotoa, T; Hakamata, M; Hayashi, K; Sato, K; Takase, H; Toriyama, T; Ueda, R, 2002)
"Dyslipoproteinemia associated with type 2 diabetes comprises hypertriglyceridemia caused by reduced insulin sensitivity, and consequently, low HDL levels and an increase in the proportion of small dense LDL particles."	1.31	[Diabetic dyslipoproteinemia: physiopathological bases and treatment prospects]. ( Demant, T, 2001)
"Troglitazone has been shown to improve peripheral insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients and animal models."	1.31	Troglitazone improves GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue in an animal model of obese type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Adachi, Y; Araki-Sasaki, R; Furuta, M; Gabazza, EC; Hori, Y; Katsuki, A; Nakatani, K; Sumida, Y; Tanaka, T; Yano, Y, 2002)
" We studied the effects of TRZ on the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) and acetaminophen (APAP) in rats, both of which exert their toxic effects through bioactivation associated with cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) and 2E1 (CYP2E1)."	1.31	Troglitazone enhances the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen by inducing CYP3A in rats. ( Kaneko, T; Li, J; Qin, LQ; Sato, A; Wang, PY; Wang, Y, 2002)
"Troglitazone treatment decreased skeletal muscle, but not hepatic triglyceride and increased hepatic and muscle glycogen content in wild-type mice."	1.30	Troglitazone action is independent of adipose tissue. ( Burant, CF; Davidson, NO; Graves, RA; Hirano, K; Lohmiller, J; Lukens, J; Ross, S; Sreenan, S; Tai, TA, 1997)
" Mean day 15 pharmacokinetic parameter values for metabolite 1 and metabolite 3 were similar in the two groups."	1.30	Lack of effect of type II diabetes on the pharmacokinetics of troglitazone in a multiple-dose study. ( Kazierad, DJ; Koup, JR; Loi, CM; Randinitis, EJ; Sedman, AJ; Vassos, AB, 1997)
"Troglitazone treatment increased PPARgamma mRNA levels up to 3-fold in muscle cultures from type II diabetics (277 +/- 63 to 630 +/- 100 x 10(3) copies/microg total RNA, P = 0."	1.30	Troglitazone effects on gene expression in human skeletal muscle of type II diabetes involve up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. ( Abrams-Carter, L; Ciaraldi, TP; Henry, RR; Lindgren, K; Mudaliar, S; Nikoulina, SE; Park, KS; Tufari, SR; Veerkamp, JH; Vidal-Puig, A, 1998)
"Thirty-one NIDDM patients with poor control were administered troglitazone 400 mg/day."	1.30	The effect of insulin sensitizer, troglitazone, on lipoprotein lipase mass in preheparin serum. ( Itoh, Y; Miyashita, Y; Murano, T; Sasaki, H; Shirai, K; Totsuka, M; Watanabe, H, 1999)
"All the bone resorption markers, BALP and ALP were significantly decreased."	1.30	Short-term treatment with troglitazone decreases bone turnover in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Fujita, T; Fukumoto, S; Hirota, Y; Miura, M; Okazaki, R; Taguchi, M; Takeuchi, A; Tanaka, K; Toriumi, M, 1999)
"Werner's syndrome is a rare inheritated disorder characterized by accelerated aging and is often accompanied by diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance."	1.29	Increased insulin responsiveness after CS-045 treatment in diabetes associated with Werner's syndrome. ( Akazawa, S; Kawasaki, E; Matsumoto, K; Okuno, S; Takao, Y; Takino, H; Uotani, S; Yamaguchi, Y; Yamasaki, H; Yano, M, 1994)
"Metformin-treated rats gained significantly less weight."	1.29	Prevention of hyperglycemia in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat by treatment with metformin or troglitazone. ( Burant, CF; Polonsky, KS; Pugh, W; Sreenan, S; Sturis, J, 1996)
"Eleven NIDDM subjects (mean age 59 yr and body mass index 32."	1.28	Metabolic effects of new oral hypoglycemic agent CS-045 in NIDDM subjects. ( Gumbiner, B; Nolan, JJ; Olefsky, JM; Suter, SL; Wallace, P, 1992)

Research

Studies (354)

Authors

Clinical Trials (28)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Development of Diabetes.

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	133 (37.57)	18.2507
2000's	208 (58.76)	29.6817
2010's	12 (3.39)	24.3611
2020's	1 (0.28)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Cantello, BC	1
Cawthorne, MA	1
Cottam, GP	1
Duff, PT	1
Haigh, D	1
Hindley, RM	1
Lister, CA	1
Smith, SA	1
Thurlby, PL	1
Aicher, TD	1
Balkan, B	1
Bell, PA	1
Brand, LJ	1
Cheon, SH	1
Deems, RO	1
Fell, JB	1
Fillers, WS	1
Fraser, JD	1
Gao, J	1
Knorr, DC	1
Kahle, GG	1
Leone, CL	1
Nadelson, J	1
Simpson, R	1
Smith, HC	1
Reddy, KA	1
Lohray, BB	1
Bhushan, V	1
Reddy, AS	1
Kishore, PH	1
Rao, VV	1
Saibaba, V	1
Bajji, AC	1
Rajesh, BM	1
Reddy, KV	1
Chakrabarti, R	1
Rajagopalan, R	1
Malamas, MS	1
Sredy, J	1
Gunawan, I	1
Mihan, B	1
Sawicki, DR	1
Seestaller, L	1
Sullivan, D	1
Flam, BR	1
Brooks, DA	1
Etgen, GJ	1
Rito, CJ	1
Shuker, AJ	1
Dominianni, SJ	1
Warshawsky, AM	1
Ardecky, R	1
Paterniti, JR	1
Tyhonas, J	1
Karanewsky, DS	1
Kauffman, RF	1
Broderick, CL	1
Oldham, BA	1
Montrose-Rafizadeh, C	1
Winneroski, LL	1
Faul, MM	1
McCarthy, JR	1
Tharp, WG	1
Gupta, D	2
Sideleva, O	1
Deacon, CF	1
Holst, JJ	1
Elahi, D	1
Pratley, RE	1
Banerjee, S	1
Talukdar, I	1
Banerjee, A	1
Gupta, A	1
Balaji, A	1
Aduri, R	1
Allen, KM	1
Coughlan, KA	1
Mahmood, FN	1
Valentine, RJ	1
Ruderman, NB	1
Saha, AK	1
Segawa, M	1
Sekine, S	1
Sato, T	1
Ito, K	1
DeBoer, MD	1
Filipp, SL	1
Gurka, MJ	1
Okuno, A	1
Kaji, N	1
Takahashi, A	1
Nagakubo, D	1
Ohno-Ichiki, K	1
Shirai, M	1
Asai, F	1
Kwak, SH	1
Choi, SH	1
Kim, K	1
Jung, HS	1
Cho, YM	1
Lim, S	1
Cho, NH	1
Kim, SY	2
Park, KS	4
Jang, HC	1
Ebert, T	1
Kralisch, S	1
Hoffmann, A	1
Bachmann, A	1
Lössner, U	1
Kratzsch, J	1
Blüher, M	1
Stumvoll, M	2
Tönjes, A	1
Fasshauer, M	1
Mazerbourg, S	1
Kuntz, S	1
Grillier-Vuissoz, I	1
Berthe, A	1
Geoffroy, M	1
Flament, S	1
Bordessa, A	1
Boisbrun, M	1
Venditti, EM	1
Bray, GA	1
Carrion-Petersen, ML	1
Delahanty, LM	1
Edelstein, SL	2
Hamman, RF	3
Hoskin, MA	1
Knowler, WC	5
Ma, Y	1
Moore, AF	1
Jablonski, KA	4
Mason, CC	1
McAteer, JB	2
Arakaki, RF	1
Goldstein, BJ	1
Kahn, SE	6
Kitabchi, AE	1
Hanson, RL	2
Florez, JC	4
Peshavaria, M	1
Monga, N	1
Jetton, TL	1
Leahy, JL	1
Majithia, AR	1
Mather, KJ	1
Goldberg, RB	1
Pruimboom-Brees, IM	1
Francone, O	1
Pettersen, JC	1
Kerlin, RL	1
Will, Y	1
Amacher, DE	1
Boucher, GG	1
Morton, D	1
Zhao, J	1
Deliard, S	1
Aziz, AR	1
Grant, SF	1
Inukai, T	1
Takanashi, K	1
Tayama, K	1
Aso, Y	1
Takemura, Y	1
Meyer, MM	1
Levin, K	3
Grimmsmann, T	1
Perwitz, N	1
Eirich, A	1
Beck-Nielsen, H	4
Klein, HH	1
Buchanan, TA	12
Xiang, AH	7
Peters, RK	6
Kjos, SL	6
Marroquin, A	7
Goico, J	7
Ochoa, C	6
Tan, S	3
Berkowitz, K	4
Hodis, HN	6
Azen, SP	5
Willi, SM	1
Kennedy, A	1
Brant, BP	1
Wallace, P	2
Rogers, NL	1
Garvey, WT	1
Strowig, SM	1
Avilés-Santa, ML	1
Raskin, P	3
Wasada, T	3
Iwatani, M	3
Ogino, K	1
Furuse, Y	1
Uchida, K	1
Shimoyama, M	1
Kinugawa, T	1
Osaki, S	1
Kato, M	1
Endo, A	1
Igawa, O	1
Hisatome, I	1
Ikawa, S	1
Shigemasa, C	1
Noda, M	1
Yamanouchi, T	4
Ohmura, E	1
Hosaka, D	1
Imai, Y	1
Kawazu, S	1
Kitaoka, H	2
Parker, JC	1
Sakura, H	1
Solignac, M	1
Iida, KT	1
Kawakami, Y	1
Suzuki, M	1
Shimano, H	1
Toyoshima, H	1
Sone, H	1
Shimada, K	1
Iwama, Y	1
Watanabe, Y	1
Mokuno, H	1
Kamata, K	1
Yamada, N	1
Caballero, AE	1
Saouaf, R	1
Lim, SC	1
Hamdy, O	1
Abou-Elenin, K	1
O'Connor, C	1
Logerfo, FW	1
Horton, ES	3
Veves, A	3
Phillips, SA	1
Ciaraldi, TP	9
Kong, AP	4
Bandukwala, R	1
Aroda, V	1
Carter, L	3
Baxi, S	4
Mudaliar, SR	5
Henry, RR	13
Miles, JM	1
Wooldridge, D	1
Grellner, WJ	1
Windsor, S	1
Isley, WL	2
Klein, S	2
Harris, WS	1
Sekino, N	1
Kashiwabara, A	1
Inoue, T	1
Kawasaki, T	1
Ogata, N	1
Sawashige, K	1
Graham, DJ	1
Green, L	1
Senior, JR	1
Nourjah, P	1
Wilmsen, HM	1
Reehman, N	1
Moses, R	2
Bouche, C	1
Goldfine, AB	1
Watanabe, S	1
Takeuchi, Y	1
Fukumoto, S	2
Fujita, H	1
Nakano, T	2
Fujita, T	2
Stakos, DA	1
Schuster, DP	1
Sparks, EA	1
Wooley, CF	1
Osei, K	2
Boudoulas, H	1
Watanabe, I	1
Tomita, A	1
Shimizu, M	1
Sugawara, M	1
Yasumo, H	1
Koishi, R	1
Takahashi, T	1
Miyoshi, K	1
Nakamura, K	2
Izumi, T	1
Matsushita, Y	1
Furukawa, H	1
Haruyama, H	1
Koga, T	1
Varo, N	1
Vicent, D	1
Libby, P	1
Nuzzo, R	1
Calle-Pascual, AL	1
Bernal, MR	1
Fernández-Cruz, A	1
Jarolim, P	1
Varo, JJ	1
Goldfine, A	1
Horton, E	1
Schönbeck, U	1
Mathieu-Costello, O	1
Kong, A	2
Cui, L	1
Ju, Y	1
Chu, N	2
Kim, D	2
Mudaliar, S	7
Muniyappa, R	1
El-Atat, F	1
Aneja, A	1
McFarlane, SI	1
Lindsey, C	1
Graham, M	1
McMurphy, J	1
Lai, LC	1
Schuster, D	1
Gaillard, T	1
Rhinesmith, S	1
Habash, D	1
Narce, M	1
Poisson, JP	1
Blicklé, JF	3
Yotsumoto, T	1
Naitoh, T	1
Kanaki, T	1
Matsuda, M	1
Tsuruzoe, N	1
Yatagai, T	1
Nakamura, T	3
Nagasaka, S	3
Kusaka, I	2
Ishikawa, SE	1
Yoshitaka, A	1
Ishibashi, S	2
Hother-Nielsen, O	1
Henriksen, JE	1
Schröder, AK	1
Tauchert, S	1
Ortmann, O	1
Diedrich, K	1
Weiss, JM	1
Schernthaner, G	1
Kim, HI	1
Park, SK	1
Im, SS	1
Li, T	1
Cheon, HG	1
Ahn, YH	1
Taylor, R	1
Robinson, AC	1
Jeffs, JA	1
Gray, RG	1
Bannister, PA	1
Mather, H	1
Gallagher, JJ	1
Robinson, S	1
Nattrass, M	2
Venkatesan, S	1
Halliday, D	1
Johnston, DG	1
Snitker, S	1
Watanabe, RM	2
Ani, I	1
Shuldiner, AR	1
Ritz, E	1
Adachi, T	1
Inoue, M	1
Hara, H	1
Suzuki, S	2
Cluxton, RJ	1
Li, Z	1
Heaton, PC	1
Weiss, SR	1
Zuckerman, IH	1
Moomaw, CJ	1
Hsu, VD	1
Rodriguez, EM	1
Anderson, DC	1
Wang, C	1
Liu, CR	2
Liu, CH	2
Cha, BS	1
Boden, G	1
Homko, C	1
Mozzoli, M	1
Showe, LC	1
Nichols, C	1
Cheung, P	1
Ehrmann, DA	2
Barrett-Connor, E	1
Walker, EA	1
Fowler, SE	1
Nathan, DM	2
Ono, M	1
Ikegami, H	2
Fujisawa, T	1
Nojima, K	1
Kawabata, Y	2
Nishino, M	1
Taniguchi, H	1
Itoi-Babaya, M	1
Babaya, N	1
Inoue, K	1
Ogihara, T	2
Laakso, M	1
Moreno Sánchez, D	1
Abramowicz, M	1
Zuccotti, G	1
Buras, J	1
Reenstra, WR	1
Orlow, D	1
Maniratanachote, R	1
Shibata, A	1
Kaneko, S	1
Yamamori, I	1
Wakasugi, T	2
Sawazaki, T	1
Katoh, K	1
Tokudome, S	1
Nakajima, M	1
Yokoi, T	1
Hartung, DM	1
Touchette, DR	1
Bultemeier, NC	1
Haxby, DG	1
Matsushita, M	1
Tamura, K	1
Osada, S	1
Kogo, H	1
Wolford, JK	1
Yeatts, KA	1
Dhanjal, SK	1
Black, MH	1
Gale, EA	2
Ogawa, M	1
Hirawa, N	1
Tsuchida, T	1
Eguchi, N	1
Numabe, A	1
Negoro, H	1
Hakamada-Taguchi, R	1
Seiki, K	1
Umemura, S	1
Urade, Y	1
Uehara, Y	1
Mohideen, P	2
Bornemann, M	1
Sugihara, J	1
Genadio, V	1
Sugihara, V	1
Arakaki, R	1
Cohen, JS	1
Koh, H	1
Akiyama, Y	1
Yui, K	1
Oh, DK	1
Christiansen, L	1
Nikoulina, SE	3
Mack, WJ	2
Zheng, L	2
Li, Y	2
Torres, M	1
Sevilla, D	1
Stewart, Y	1
Hollen, B	1
Garcia, K	1
Alaupovic, P	1
Sarafidis, PA	1
Bakris, GL	1
Kautzky-Willer, A	1
Tura, A	1
Winzer, C	1
Wagner, OF	1
Ludvik, B	2
Hanusch-Enserer, U	1
Prager, R	1
Pacini, G	1
Sun, MW	1
Bayley, N	1
Shamoon, H	1
Altshuler, D	2
Díaz-Delfín, J	1
Morales, M	1
Caelles, C	1
Krentz, AJ	3
Anzawa, R	1
Seki, S	1
Horikoshi, K	1
Taniguchi, M	1
Mochizuki, S	1
Seto, SW	1
Lam, TY	1
Leung, GP	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Effects of Pioglitazone on the Regulation of Insulin Secretion in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00656864]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-05-31	Completed
[NCT00004992]	Phase 3	3,234 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1996-07-31	Completed
Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study[NCT00038727]	Phase 3	2,779 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-09-30	Active, not recruiting
Efficacy and Safety of Furocyst in Patients With Poly Cystic Ovary Syndrome[NCT02789488]	Phase 4	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
Modulation of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity in Bangladeshi Type 2 Diabetic Subjects by an Insulin Sensitizer Pioglitazone and T2DM Association With PPARG Gene Polymorphism.[NCT01589445]	Phase 4	77 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Completed
Descriptive, Transversal Study of Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risks Factors and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the Different Phenotypes of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome[NCT00784615]		80 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2007-12-31	Recruiting
Clinical Metabolic and Endocrine Parameters in Response to Metformin and Lifestyle Intervention in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Phase 4 Randomized, Double- Blind and Placebo Control Trial[NCT00679679]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-01-31	Completed
Anxiety and Sexual Malfunction in Infertile Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients[NCT05056272]		128 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-01-01	Recruiting
The Impact of Continuous Aerobic Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training on Reproductive Outcomes in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.[NCT03362918]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-01-01	Completed
Adipose Tissue Angiogenesis in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)[NCT01745471]		36 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2012-12-06	Active, not recruiting
The Effects of Contraceptive Pill and Hormonal Vaginal Ring on Hormonal, Inflammatory and Metabolic Parameters in Women of Reproductive Age With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).[NCT01588873]	Phase 4	42 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-04-30	Recruiting
Rosiglitazone And Fenofibrate Additive Effects on Lipids (RAFAEL)[NCT00819910]	Phase 4	41 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-09-30	Terminated (stopped due to Slow recruitment and increase in deployment overseas limiting follow up)
Study of PPAR Gamma Agonist-Rosiglitazone in Normotensive Type 2 Diabetics With Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring[NCT00290394]	Phase 4	25 participants	Interventional	2004-03-31	Completed
Rosiglitazone Intervention Study in Patients With Type 1.5 Diabetes[NCT00194896]		64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2000-02-29	Completed
Health Benefits of Aerobic and Resistance Training in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes[NCT00458133]		262 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-04-30	Completed
Efficacy of Leptin Replacement in Treatment of Lipodystrophy[NCT00005905]	Phase 2	20 participants	Interventional	2000-06-30	Completed
Long-Term Efficacy of Leptin Replacement in Treatment of Lipodystrophy[NCT00025883]	Phase 2	103 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-10-31	Completed
Bioavailability of Glimepiride/Extended Release Metformin (4/850 mg) in Healthy Mexican Volunteers[NCT01437800]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
Bioavailability of Glimepiride/Extended Release Metformin (4/850 mg) After a High Fat Diet, in Healthy Mexican Volunteers[NCT01437813]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-01-31	Completed
A Multi-Center Trial to Study Acute Liver Failure in Adults[NCT00518440]		3,488 participants (Actual)	Observational	1998-01-31	Completed
Effect of Gain on Closed-Loop Insulin[NCT02065895]		8 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-12-31	Completed
The Effects of Rosiglitazone on Cognition in Patients With MCI[NCT00242593]	Phase 2	120 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Active, not recruiting
Effects of Pioglitazone on Reverse Cholesterol Transport and HDL Function in Persons With Diabetes[NCT01156597]	Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
Comparative Metabolomics in Diabetes Patients From Sri Lanka and Switzerland[NCT05787457]		34 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-07-31	Terminated (stopped due to Insufficient recruitment)
Assessment of Platelet-dependent Thrombosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Using an ex Vivo Arterial Injury Model[NCT00728286]		90 participants (Actual)	Observational	2008-10-31	Completed
Assessment of Platelet-dependent Thrombosis by an ex Vivo Arterial Injury Model: a Placebo Controlled Trial of Clopidogrel as Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease[NCT00728156]	Phase 4	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-08-31	Completed
Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of Thioctic Acid in the Oral Treatment of Symptomatic Diabetic Neuropathy (SYDNEY 2) Randomised, Double-blind,Placebo-controlled Multicentre Trial With 4 Parallel Groups[NCT00328601]	Phase 3	170 participants	Interventional	2005-02-28	Completed
"Can Growth Hormone's Lipolytic and Insulin-Antagonistic Effects be Modified by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Gamma Agonists?"[NCT00459940]		20 participants	Interventional	2004-09-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Primary outcome for years 2002-2008 defined according to American Diabetes Association criteria (fasting plasma glucose level >= 126 mg/dL [7.0 mmol/L] or 2-hour plasma glucose >= 200 mg/dL [11.1 mmol/L], after a 75 gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and confirmed with a repeat test). (NCT00038727)
Timeframe: Outcomes were assessed from 1996-2008 (approximately 12 years including 6 years of DPP).

Mortality

Intervention	diabetes incidence (cases per 100 person (Number)
1 Original Lifestyle	5.3
2 Original Metformin	6.4
3 Original Placebo	7.8

All cause-mortality through clinic reports and National Death Index search (NCT00038727)
Timeframe: Outcomes were assessed throughout follow-up from 1996 to 2022. National Death Index search conducted in 2019 using early release data as of Dec 2018.

Prevalence of Aggregate Microvascular Complication

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
1 Original Lifestyle	158
2 Original Metformin	152
3 Original Placebo	143

Aggregate microvascular disease is defined as the average prevalence of 3 components: (1) retinopathy measured by photography (ETDRS of 20 or greater); (2) neuropathy detected by Semmes Weinstein 10 gram monofilament, and (3) nephropathy based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR by chronic kidney disease (CKD-Epi) equation ) (<45 ml/min, confirmed) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio in spot urine (> 30mg/gm, confirmed). (NCT00038727)
Timeframe: Outcomes were assessed from 2012-2013 (approximately 2 years).

Subclinical Atherosclerosis

Intervention	average percentage of participants (Number)
1 Original Lifestyle	11.3
2 Original Metformin	13
3 Original Placebo	12.4

Measured using coronary artery calcification (CAC). (NCT00038727)
Timeframe: Outcomes were assessed from 2012-2013 (approximately 2 years).

Comparison of Changes in Fasting Serum Glucose (FSG)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	CAC geometric mean in AU (Geometric Mean)
	Men	Women
1 Original Lifestyle	70.1	6.0
2 Original Metformin	40.2	6.1
3 Original Placebo	63.7	5.3

Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin. (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in Fasting Serum Insulin (FSI)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	mmol/l (Mean)
	Baseline FSG	3rd Month FSG
Metformin ( 002 Group)	6.2	6.5
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	6.9	5.4

Comparison of Changes in Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	μU/ml (Mean)
	Baseline FSI	3rd month FSI
Metformin ( 002 Group)	13.0	13.9
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	16.2	12.3

Comparison of Changes in HOMA Percent B and HOMA Percent S With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	percentage (Mean)
	Baseline HbA1c	3rd month HbA1c
Metformin ( 002 Group)	7.8	7.0
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	7.3	6.7

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Beta cell function(HOMA percent B) Analysis 2: Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Sensitivity (Homa percent S)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in Insulin Levels (HOMA IR,QUICKI) With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	percentage (Mean)
	Baseline HOMA percent beta cells function	3rd month HOMA percent beta cells function	Baseline HOMA percent sensitivity	3rd month HOMA percent sensitivity
Metformin ( 002 Group)	109.3	116.0	76.2	67.2
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	118.9	132.3	51.1	69.3

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1: Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance(HOMA IR) Analysis 2: Quantitative Insulin sensitivity Check Index(QUICKI)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Comparison of Changes in Lipid Profiles With Pioglitazone and Metformin

Intervention	Score on a scale ( SI unit) (Mean)
	Baseline QUICKI	3rd month QUICKI	Baseline HOMA IR	3rd month HOMA IR
Metformin ( 002 Group)	0.57	0.54	3.7	4.3
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	0.52	0.59	5.1	2.9

"Response rate was defined by ≥10% decrease of FSG or/and ≥1% decrease of HbA1c from the baseline values after 3 months treatment.48 responded to pioglitazone and 32 responded to metformin.~Analysis 1:Total Cholesterol(TC) Analysis 2:Triglyceride(TG) Analysis 3:High Density Lipoprotein(HDL) Analysis 4:Low Density Lipoprotein(LDL)" (NCT01589445)
Timeframe: 3 months for each drug

Percent Change in Triglyceride (TG) Levels Post Treatment

Intervention	mg/dl (Mean)
	Baseline TC	3rd month TC	Baseline TG	3rd month TG	Baseline HDL	3rd month HDL	Baseline LDL	3rd month LDL
Metformin (002 Group)	193.0	177.0	166.0	175.0	34.4	34.7	125.6	112.0
Pioglitazone (001 Group)	182.0	178	183	195	33	33.2	112.8	105.5

The reported percent change is the difference between TG levels obtained on initial visit (day 0) and TG levels obtained at final visit (week 12) as per protocol (NCT00819910)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)

Post-treatment Percent Change in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Levels

Intervention	% change (Mean)
Rosiglitazone + Placebo	7.4
Fenofibrate + Placebo	-2.2
Rosiglitazone +Fenofibrate	20
Placebo Therapy Daily	7.6

The reported percent change is the difference between HDL levels obtained on initial visit (day 0) and HDL levels obtained at final visit (week 12) as per protocol (NCT00819910)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)

Post-treatment Percent Change in Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Levels

Intervention	% change (Mean)
Rosiglitazone and Placebo	1.9
Fenofibrate + Placebo	14.5
Rosiglitazone +Fenofibrate	5.8
Placebo Therapy Daily	1.7

The reported percent change is the difference between LDL levels obtained on initial visit (day 0) and LDL levels obtained at final visit (week 12) as per protocol (NCT00819910)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)

Mean Levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) at Initial Visit and Final Visit

Intervention	% change (Mean)
Rosiglitazone + Placebo	-0.5
Fenofibrate + Placebo	2.6
Rosiglitazone + Fenofibrate	37.3
Placebo Therapy Daily	13.7

The mean Levels of AST and ALT measured at initial visit (Day 0) and final visit (Week 12) annotated as AST 1, AST 12, and ALT 1 and ALT 12, respectively. (NCT00819910)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)

Post-treatment Percent Change in Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo AI), Apolipoprotein A-II (Apo AII) and Apolipoprotein C-III (Apo CIII) Levels

Intervention	mg/dl (Mean)
	AST 1 (aspartate aminotransferase [10-35 U/L])	AST 12 (aspartate aminotransferase [15-37 U/L])	ALT 1 (alanine aminotransferase [6-60 U/L])	ALT 12 (alanine aminotransferase [6-60 U/L])
Fenofibrate + Placebo	25.25	26.50	25.88	26.38
Placebo Therapy Daily	19.88	17.88	20.88	14.88
Rosiglitazone + Placebo	24.00	30.29	28.14	27.43
Rosiglitazone +Fenofibrate	24.30	19.70	24.10	21.10

Post-treatment median change in Apo AI, Apo AII and Apo CIII levels reported in mg/dL with Interquartile ranges provided (NCT00819910)
Timeframe: 12 weeks from initial visit (day 0) to final visit (12 weeks)

Patients Positive for T Cell Responses to Islet Proteins at 36 Months.

Intervention	% Change (Median)
	Apo AI	Apo AII	Apo CIII
Fenofibrate + Placebo	13	3.4	-4.35
Placebo Therapy Daily	5	-3.5	-2.3
Rosiglitazone + Placebo	-1.00	10.25	0.30
Rosiglitazone +Fenofibrate	1	7.2	-5.3

Number of participants positive for T cell reactivity to islet proteins at 36 months. (NCT00194896)
Timeframe: 36 months

Changes in Beta Cell Function Assessed by Fasting and Stimulated C-peptide Measured at 36 Months.

Intervention	participants (Number)
Rosiglitazone Autoantibody Positive	1
Rosiglitazone Autoantibody Negative	2
Glyburide Autoantibody Positive	2
Glyburide Autoantibody Negative	3

Changes in beta cell function assessed by fasting and stimulated C-peptide measured at 36 months. (NCT00194896)
Timeframe: 36 months

Percentage of Glycosylated Hemoglobin at Baseline, 6 Months, and 12 Months on Treatment With Metreleptin

Intervention	ng per ml (Mean)
	Fasting C-peptide	Glucagon Stimulated C-peptide
Glyburide Autoantibody Negative	0.3	0.3
Glyburide Autoantibody Positive	0.1	3.1
Rosiglitazone Autoantibody Negative	-1.4	-2.8
Rosiglitazone Autoantibody Positive	-0.4	-0.6

Percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin at Baseline, 6 months, and 12 months on treatment with metreleptin (NCT00025883)
Timeframe: Baseline, 6 months, 12 months

Triglycerides at Baseline, 6 Months, and 12 Months on Treatment With Metreleptin

Glucose Area Under the Curve (AUC) Breakfast

Intervention	percentage of glycated hemoglobin (Mean)
	Baseline	6 months	12 months
Generalized Lipodystrophy (GLD)	8.4	6.6	6.4
Partial Lipodystrophy (PLD)	8.1	7.2	7.3

Intervention	mg/dL (Geometric Mean)
	Baseline	6 months	12 months
Generalized Lipodystrophy (GLD)	467	198	180
Partial Lipodystrophy (PLD)	483	339	326

Glucose Area Under the Curve (AUC) Breakfast defines the total exposure to glucose during breakfast. Breakfast is typically considered the most difficult meal to control; low AUC is desirable.This outcome measure was analyzed for each of the three calibration error values (high error, no error and low error). (NCT02065895)
Timeframe: On day #1, day #2 and day #3 (each day could be 24 hours to 7 days apart from prior one, and completed within 6 week period) 8:00 AM to 2:00 PM on day following admission, with samples obtained every 10-15 minutes, for each sequence of calibration errors

Nighttime Time-in-target 5.0-8.33mmol/l (Controller Set-point Plus and Minus 15 mg/dL)

Intervention	mmol/l/min (Mean)
HIGH Error	66.8
NO Error	48.8
LOW Error	37.4

Night-time in target range 5.0-8.33, following the 3 hour controller initialization period blood glucose remained at or near target. (NCT02065895)
Timeframe: On day #1, day #2 and day #3 (each day could be 24 hours to 7 days apart from prior one, and completed within 6 week period) 12:00 AM to 6:00 AM on day following admission, with samples obtained every 10-15 minutes, for each sequence of calibration errors

Peak and Nadir Postprandial Glucose Concentration

Intervention	percentage of time in target range (Median)
HIGH Error	88
NO Errror	100
LOW Error	80

Highest and lowest glucose concentrations obtained during breakfast meal. (NCT02065895)
Timeframe: On day #1, day #2 and day #3 (each day could be 24 hours to 7 days apart from prior one, and completed within 6 week period) 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM on day following admission, with samples obtained every 10-15 minutes, for each sequence of calibration errors

Cholesterol Efflux Capacity of HDL

Intervention	mmol/l (Mean)
	Peak glucose concentration	Nadir glucose concentration
Gain Decreased and Target Increased	11.3	6.6
Gain Increased and Target Decreased	13.3	4.5
Nadir Mean	11.8	4.8

The ability of serum HDL to remove cholesterol from cultured cells will be assessed as an in vitro method to evaluate a functional changes in HDL mediated by changes due to pioglitazone treatment. Cells were incubated with 2% serum from each study subject diluted in culture medium and incubations were performed for a total of 4 hours. Cholesterol efflux was calculated as the percent of cholesterol removed from the cells and appearing in the culture medium normalized to a reference serum pool as described in detail by de la Llera-Moya et al (de la Llera-Moya M, Drazul-Schrader D, Asztalos BF, Cuchel M, Rader DJ, Rothblat GH. The ability to promote efflux via ABCA1 determines the capacity of serum specimens with similar high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to remove cholesterol from macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2010 Apr;30(4):796-801. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.199158. PMID: 20075420). (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

HDL Apolipoprotein Levels at Study End-point

Intervention	Ratio (Mean)
Pioglitazone Group	1.02
Comparator Group	1.05

Lipoproteins will be isolated and analyzed using the gradient ultracentrifugation-high pressure liquid chromatography technique to isolate very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), LDL, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. Protein and lipid compositions of HDL is determined (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Increased HDL-Cholesterol and Decreased Triglycerides

Intervention	mg/dL (Mean)
	HDL-apoAI at end point	HDL-apoAII at end point	HDL-apoCI at end point	HDL-apoCII at end point	HDL-apoCIII at end point	HDL-apoM at end point
Comparator Group	65.7	22.6	8.4	2.8	12.5	0.43
Pioglitazone Group	65.0	26.6	10.9	3.5	11.8	0.62

"The primary endpoint will be increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased triglycerides measured as the difference after 12 or 24 weeks of treatment from baseline levels. The data are expressed as the percent change from the baseline value and calculated using he equation:~Change=[100%*(Endpoint value - Baseline Value)/Baseline Value]" (NCT01156597)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Intervention	% Change (Mean)
	% Change in HDL cholesterol at 12 weeks	% Change in HDL cholesterol at 24 weeks	% Change in triglycerides at 12 weeks	% Change in triglycerides at 24 weeks
Comparator Group	2.7	-1.5	7.4	19.7
Pioglitazone Group	7.9	15.7	-10.9	-15.4

Article	Year
Reprofiling of Troglitazone Towards More Active and Less Toxic Derivatives: A New Hope for Cancer Treatment? Current topics in medicinal chemistry, 2016, Volume: 16, Issue:19 Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Repositioning; Hepatocytes	2016
[Uric acid metabolism and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 8 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Insulin Resista	2002
[Primary prevention of diabetes mellitus by pharmacological intervention]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 9 Topics: Acarbose; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mel	2002
[Insulin sensitizer drugs--review]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 9 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ins	2002
[Combination therapy of insulin sensitizer, thiazolidinedione drugs, and sulfonylurea]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 9 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat	2002
[Efficacy of combination therapy of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and insulin sensitizer in patients with type 2 diabetes]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 9 Topics: Acarbose; Animals; Biguanides; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug T	2002
Troglitazone: the discovery and development of a novel therapy for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Advanced drug delivery reviews, 2002, Nov-05, Volume: 54, Issue:9 Topics: Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Thiazole	2002
[Combination therapy with biguanides]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2002, Volume: 60 Suppl 10 Topics: Acarbose; Biguanides; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, C	2002
Repaglinide in combination therapy. Diabetes, nutrition & metabolism, 2002, Volume: 15, Issue:6 Suppl Topics: Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Age	2002
Prevention of type 2 diabetes: are we ready? Minerva medica, 2003, Volume: 94, Issue:1 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactones; Life Style; Lipase; Metf	2003
Prevention of type 2 diabetes. The Malaysian journal of pathology, 2002, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Acarbose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise; Female; Humans; Hypoglyc	2002
[Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 2003, Dec-15, Volume: 115, Issue:23 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Controlled Clinical Trials as	2003
[Progress in the prevention of type 2 diabetes]. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 2003, Nov-28, Volume: 115, Issue:21-22 Topics: Acarbose; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Blood Glucose; Chromans	2003
PPARgamma agonists: killing two birds with one stone? Journal of hypertension, 2004, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypertension; Hypoglycemic Agents; PPAR gamma; Thiazoli	2004
Pharmacologic prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2005, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Acarbose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lactones; Meta-Analysis	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Polycystic ovary syndrome. The New England journal of medicine, 2005, Mar-24, Volume: 352, Issue:12 Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Contraceptives, Oral; Diabet	2005
Prevention of type 2 diabetes. Current molecular medicine, 2005, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Acarbose; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	2005
[Medical management of primary nonalcoholic fatty liver disease]. Medicina clinica, 2005, Jun-18, Volume: 125, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Anticholesteremic Agents; Atorvastatin; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fa	2005
Protection of the kidney by thiazolidinediones: an assessment from bench to bedside. Kidney international, 2006, Volume: 70, Issue:7 Topics: Albuminuria; Animals; Blood Pressure; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; E	2006
New oral agents for type 2 diabetes. Clinical medicine (London, England), 2007, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Acarbose; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone	2007
Treatment update: thiazolidinediones in combination with metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Vascular health and risk management, 2007, Volume: 3, Issue:4 Topics: Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hy	2007
Potential role of thiazolidinediones in older diabetic patients. Drugs & aging, 1995, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Aging; Animals; Benzopyrans; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Glucose	1995
Effects of troglitazone on insulin sensitivity. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 1996, Volume: 13, Issue:9 Suppl 6 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Gl	1996
[Drug therapy in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1996, Volume: 54, Issue:10 Topics: Acarbose; Biguanides; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Glycoside Hydrolase	1996
Pharmacological regulation of blood glucose levels in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Archives of internal medicine, 1997, Apr-28, Volume: 157, Issue:8 Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hyp	1997
Troglitazone: a new antihyperglycemic agent. Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 1997, Volume: 64, Issue:5 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gluconeogenesis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistanc	1997
[Steps toward the primary prevention of type II diabetes mellitus. Various epidemiological considerations]. Investigacion clinica, 1997, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromans; Comorbidity; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing	1997
Troglitazone. Comprehensive therapy, 1997, Volume: 23, Issue:8 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Tro	1997
[Treatment of hypertension associated with diabetes mellitus]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1997, Volume: 55, Issue:8 Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Antihypertensive Agents; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Chroma	1997
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes. American family physician, 1997, Nov-01, Volume: 56, Issue:7 Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Algorithms; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combi	1997
[Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and insulin sensitizer combination therapy in NIDDM]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1997, Volume: 55 Suppl Topics: Acarbose; Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycoside Hydrola	1997
[Combination therapy of insulin sensitizer and sulfonylurea]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 1997, Volume: 55 Suppl Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blin	1997
Meta-analysis of steady-state pharmacokinetics of troglitazone and its metabolites. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1997, Volume: 37, Issue:11 Topics: Age Factors; Area Under Curve; Body Weight; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemi	1997
[Thiazolidindiones in type II diabetes mellitus]. Medizinische Monatsschrift fur Pharmazeuten, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dru	1998
Troglitazone: an antidiabetic agent. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1998, May-01, Volume: 55, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Biological Availability; Chromans; Controlled Clinical Trials	1998
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Medical clinics of North America, 1998, Volume: 82, Issue:4 Topics: Biguanides; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Exercise Therapy; Gl	1998
Learning to use troglitazone. Diabetes care, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:9 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Thiazoles; Thi	1998
New therapeutic approaches to reversing insulin resistance. Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension, 1998, Volume: 7, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypertension; Hypogly	1998
Insulin resistance syndrome: options for treatment. Southern medical journal, 1999, Volume: 92, Issue:1 Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperlipid	1999
Cardiovascular effects of troglitazone. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 1999, Volume: 33, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Clinical	1999
Troglitazone: a review of its use in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs, 1999, Volume: 57, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Area Under Curve; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Gluc	1999
Troglitazone. Is it all over? The Netherlands journal of medicine, 1999, Volume: 55, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;	1999
Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of internal medicine, 1999, Aug-17, Volume: 131, Issue:4 Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Algorithms; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidenc	1999
Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of internal medicine, 1999, Aug-17, Volume: 131, Issue:4 Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Algorithms; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidenc	1999
Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of internal medicine, 1999, Aug-17, Volume: 131, Issue:4 Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Algorithms; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidenc	1999
Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of internal medicine, 1999, Aug-17, Volume: 131, Issue:4 Topics: Acarbose; Administration, Oral; Algorithms; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Evidenc	1999
[Current status of the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The revival of insulin-resistance drugs]. La Revue de medecine interne, 1999, Volume: 20 Suppl 3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Inhibitors; Exercise; Fenfluramine	1999
Troglitazone: antihyperglycemic activity and potential role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resi	1999
The use of insulin secretagogues in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Primary care, 1999, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Acarbose; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glucagon; Gluc	1999
The use of insulin alone and in combination with oral agents in type 2 diabetes. Primary care, 1999, Volume: 26, Issue:4 Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy	1999
A review of metabolic and cardiovascular effects of oral antidiabetic agents: beyond glucose-level lowering. Journal of cardiovascular risk, 1999, Volume: 6, Issue:5 Topics: Antioxidants; Blood Coagulation; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Cholesterol, LDL; C	1999
Clinical efficacy of metformin against insulin resistance parameters: sinking the iceberg. Drugs, 1999, Volume: 58 Suppl 1 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angio	1999
New drugs for diabetes. The Netherlands journal of medicine, 1999, Volume: 55, Issue:5 Topics: Carbamates; Chromans; Cyclohexanes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin	1999
Hepatotoxicity due to troglitazone: report of two cases and review of adverse events reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2000, Volume: 95, Issue:1 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Liver Failure; Male	2000
New directions in type 2 diabetes mellitus: an update of current oral antidiabetic therapy. Journal of the National Medical Association, 1999, Volume: 91, Issue:7 Topics: Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Piperidines	1999
Improving management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: 5. Thiazolidinediones. Hospital practice (1995), 2000, Jan-15, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Drug Monitoring; Humans;	2000
Hepatic injury due to troglitazone. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2000, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypogly	2000
[The development of thiazolidinedione drugs as anti-diabetic agents]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellit	2000
[Clinical effect and side effect of troglitazone]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Huma	2000
[Proper usage of thiazolidinediones]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Liver Failure,	2000
[Troglitazone]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic	2000
[Insulin sensitizer and urate metabolism]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Gout; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension; H	2000
[Cardiovascular effects of the thiazolidinedione troglitazone]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Chromans; Diabetes Mellit	2000
[Kidney disease and insulin resistance--clinical impact of thiazolidinedione compounds for kidney disease]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents	2000
[Skeletal effects of thiazolidinediones]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Adipocytes; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Resorption; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Dia	2000
[Thiazolidinediones]. Journees annuelles de diabetologie de l'Hotel-Dieu, 1999 Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag	1999
New agents for Type 2 diabetes. Bailliere's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism, 1999, Volume: 13, Issue:2 Topics: Anti-Obesity Agents; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design; Humans; Hypoglyce	1999
The thiazolidinediones or "glitazones" a treatment option for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medicine and health, Rhode Island, 2000, Volume: 83, Issue:4 Topics: Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Female; Follow-Up Stu	2000
[Hypoglycemic agents to improve insulin resistance]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Anim	2000
The glitazones: proceed with caution. The Western journal of medicine, 2000, Volume: 173, Issue:1 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evaluation; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Pioglitazo	2000
Treatment of insulin resistance with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists. The Journal of clinical investigation, 2000, Volume: 106, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Islets of Langerhans; Mice	2000
Troglitazone and related compounds: therapeutic potential beyond diabetes. Life sciences, 2000, Oct-06, Volume: 67, Issue:20 Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination	2000
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers. Annual review of medicine, 2001, Volume: 52 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi	2001
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers. Annual review of medicine, 2001, Volume: 52 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi	2001
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers. Annual review of medicine, 2001, Volume: 52 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi	2001
New oral therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The glitazones or insulin sensitizers. Annual review of medicine, 2001, Volume: 52 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemi	2001
Using dose-response characteristics of therapeutics agents for treatment decisions in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2000, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Acarbose; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug	2000
Combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: the role of repaglinide. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 2001, Jan-25, Volume: 49 Spec No Topics: Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans;	2001
Insulin resistance and its treatment by thiazolidinediones. Recent progress in hormone research, 2001, Volume: 56 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Binding Sites; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dimeri	2001
[Glitazones. Profile of a new class of substances]. Der Internist, 2001, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Albuminuria; Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents; Chromans; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Diabetes M	2001
Lessons from the glitazones: a story of drug development. Lancet (London, England), 2001, Jun-09, Volume: 357, Issue:9271 Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes	2001
[Thiazolidinediones: clinical data and perspectives]. Diabetes & metabolism, 2001, Volume: 27, Issue:2 Pt 2 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycem	2001
Safety of drugs commonly used to treat hypertension, dyslipidemia, and Type 2 diabetes (the metabolic syndrome): part 2. Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2000,Summer, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Acarbose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Human	2000
[Thiazolidinediones--a new class of oral antidiabetic drugs]. Orvosi hetilap, 2001, Jul-22, Volume: 142, Issue:29 Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metabolic Syndrome; Piogl	2001
[Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the vessel wall: new regulators of gene expression in vascular cells]. Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie, 2001, Volume: 90, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus,	2001
[Glitazone--a new class of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2001, Aug-24, Volume: 126, Issue:34-35 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazone; Thiaz	2001
[The thiazolidinedione derivates: a new class of oral blood glucose lowering agents]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2001, Aug-11, Volume: 145, Issue:32 Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship	2001
[Clinical usefulness of combination treatment with thiazolidinedione and insulin]. Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine, 2001, Volume: 59, Issue:11 Topics: Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hy	2001
Hepatotoxicity with thiazolidinediones: is it a class effect? Drug safety, 2001, Volume: 24, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus,	2001
Oral antihyperglycemic therapy for type 2 diabetes: scientific review. JAMA, 2002, Jan-16, Volume: 287, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Biguanides; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Di	2002
[Thiazolidinediones and PPARgamma system in repair of liver damage]. Recenti progressi in medicina, 2002, Volume: 93, Issue:1 Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Arteriosclerosis; Chro	2002
Thiazolidinedione hepatotoxicity: a class effect? International journal of clinical practice. Supplement, 2000, Issue:113 Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag	2000

Article	Year
Effects of Pioglitazone on Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide-Mediated Insulin Secretion and Adipocyte Receptor Expression in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes, 2020, Volume: 69, Issue:2 Topics: Adipocytes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gene Exp	2020
Use of a Metabolic Syndrome Severity Diabetes care, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progress	2018
Use of a Metabolic Syndrome Severity Diabetes care, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progress	2018
Use of a Metabolic Syndrome Severity Diabetes care, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progress	2018
Use of a Metabolic Syndrome Severity Diabetes care, 2018, Volume: 41, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progress	2018
First versus repeat treatment with a lifestyle intervention program: attendance and weight loss outcomes. International journal of obesity (2005), 2008, Volume: 32, Issue:10 Topics: Behavior Therapy; Caloric Restriction; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Fe	2008
The association of ENPP1 K121Q with diabetes incidence is abolished by lifestyle modification in the diabetes prevention program. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2009, Volume: 94, Issue:2 Topics: Chromans; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exercise Therapy; Female; Gene Frequ	2009
Association of the SLC30A8 missense polymorphism R325W with proinsulin levels at baseline and after lifestyle, metformin or troglitazone intervention in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetologia, 2011, Volume: 54, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; C-Peptide; Cation Transport Proteins; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;	2011
High glucose concentrations abolish the superoxide dismutase response of leukocytes to ascorbic acid or troglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Life sciences, 2002, Apr-05, Volume: 70, Issue:20 Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephro	2002
Troglitazone treatment increases protein kinase B phosphorylation in skeletal muscle of normoglycemic subjects at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 2002, Volume: 51, Issue:9 Topics: 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases; Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ	2002
Preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function and prevention of type 2 diabetes by pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance in high-risk hispanic women. Diabetes, 2002, Volume: 51, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gluc	2002
Comparison of insulin monotherapy and combination therapy with insulin and metformin or insulin and troglitazone in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 2002, Volume: 25, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aged; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug The	2002
Troglitazone improves cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2002, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Catecholamines; Chromans; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Typ	2002
The effects of troglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, on the endothelial function in early and late type 2 diabetes: a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2003, Volume: 52, Issue:2 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; Fasting; Female;	2003
Modulation of circulating and adipose tissue adiponectin levels by antidiabetic therapy. Diabetes, 2003, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Chromans; Culture Media, Conditioned;	2003
Nocturnal and postprandial free fatty acid kinetics in normal and type 2 diabetic subjects: effects of insulin sensitization therapy. Diabetes, 2003, Volume: 52, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids,	2003
Usefulness of troglitazone administration to obese hyperglycaemic patients with near-normoglycaemia. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2003, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Deoxyglucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fe	2003
Decrease in serum leptin by troglitazone is associated with preventing bone loss in type 2 diabetic patients. Journal of bone and mineral metabolism, 2003, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Density; Chromans; Collagen; Collagen Type I; Di	2003
Long-term cardiovascular effects of insulin sensitizer troglitazone on non-diabetic individuals with insulin resistance: double blind, prospective randomized study. Journal of cardiology, 2003, Volume: 41, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aorta; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Melli	2003
Elevated plasma levels of the atherogenic mediator soluble CD40 ligand in diabetic patients: a novel target of thiazolidinediones. Circulation, 2003, Jun-03, Volume: 107, Issue:21 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Body Mass Index; CD40 Ligand; Chromans; Chronic Diseas	2003
Regulation of skeletal muscle morphology in type 2 diabetic subjects by troglitazone and metformin: relationship to glucose disposal. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2003, Volume: 52, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Capillaries; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Histocytoche	2003
The Diabetes Prevention Program. Current diabetes reports, 2003, Volume: 3, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ang	2003
The impact of an insulin sensitizer, troglitazone, on glucose metabolism in African Americans at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, 24-month randomized study. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2003, Volume: 52, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Black People; Blood Glucose; Body Constitution; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabete	2003
Decrease in serum C-reactive protein levels by troglitazone is associated with pretreatment insulin resistance, but independent of its effect on glycemia, in type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2004, Volume: 63, Issue:1 Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic	2004
Effects of troglitazone in young first-degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 2004, Volume: 27, Issue:1 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Denmark; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Family; Glucose Clamp Technique; Glucos	2004
Metabolic effects of Troglitazone in patients with diet-controlled type 2 diabetes. European journal of clinical investigation, 2004, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Apolipoprotein B-100; Apolipoproteins B; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty A	2004
Changes in insulin sensitivity in response to troglitazone do not differ between subjects with and without the common, functional Pro12Ala peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene variant: results from the Troglitazone in Prevention of Diabe Diabetes care, 2004, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Primers; F	2004
Pharmacological treatment of insulin resistance at two different stages in the evolution of type 2 diabetes: impact on glucose tolerance and beta-cell function. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2004, Volume: 89, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose Intolerance; Hispanic or	2004
Effect of thiazolidinedione treatment on progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in premenopausal women at high risk for type 2 diabetes. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 90, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Arteriosclerosis; Carotid Arteries; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression;	2005
Impaired fatty acid metabolism in type 2 diabetic skeletal muscle cells is reversed by PPARgamma agonists. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2005, Volume: 289, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Caprylates; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans	2005
Thiazolidinediones upregulate fatty acid uptake and oxidation in adipose tissue of diabetic patients. Diabetes, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:3 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Biological Transport; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Female; Gene	2005
Prevention of type 2 diabetes with troglitazone in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:4 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen	2005
Troglitazone-induced changes in adiponectin do not affect endothelial function in diabetes. Obesity research, 2005, Volume: 13, Issue:7 Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Aged; Brachial Artery; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathie	2005
Sequence variation in PPARG may underlie differential response to troglitazone. Diabetes, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Haplotypes; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Linkage	2005
The metabolic effects of troglitazone in patients with diabetes and end-stage renal disease. Endocrine, 2005, Volume: 28, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Hemoglobin A; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent	2005
Effect of troglitazone on serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and plasma t-PA/PAI-1 complex in type 2 diabetic patients. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2006, Volume: 56, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Antioxidants; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Bilirubin; Blood Glucose; C-R	2006
Tissue-specific expression and regulation of GSK-3 in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2006, Volume: 291, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy; Blood Glucose; Caloric Restriction; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female	2006
Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist treatment on subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 2006, Volume: 29, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Atherosclerosis; Carotid Artery, Common; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Bl	2006
Insulin sensitivity during oral glucose tolerance test and its relations to parameters of glucose metabolism and endothelial function in type 2 diabetic subjects under metformin and thiazolidinedione. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2006, Volume: 8, Issue:5 Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;	2006
Effects of the type 2 diabetes-associated PPARG P12A polymorphism on progression to diabetes and response to troglitazone. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2007, Volume: 92, Issue:4 Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Chromans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progr	2007
Effect of antihypertensive therapy on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The American journal of cardiology, 2007, Apr-01, Volume: 99, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Artery, Commo	2007
The Pro12Ala variant at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene and change in obesity-related traits in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetologia, 2007, Volume: 50, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acid Substitution; Body Composition; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet	2007
Effect of pioglitazone on progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in non-diabetic premenopausal Hispanic women with prior gestational diabetes. Atherosclerosis, 2008, Volume: 199, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Carotid Artery Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Disease	2008
Adiponectin and its response to thiazolidinediones are associated with insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients and their first-degree relatives. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2008, Volume: 10, Issue:11 Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Adult Children; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus	2008
Enhancement of insulin sensitivity by troglitazone lowers blood pressure in diabetic hypertensives. American journal of hypertension, 1995, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Rate; Hemogl	1995
Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone. The New England journal of medicine, 1994, Nov-03, Volume: 331, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Tole	1994
Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone. The New England journal of medicine, 1994, Nov-03, Volume: 331, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Tole	1994
Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone. The New England journal of medicine, 1994, Nov-03, Volume: 331, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Tole	1994
Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone. The New England journal of medicine, 1994, Nov-03, Volume: 331, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Tole	1994
Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone. The New England journal of medicine, 1994, Nov-03, Volume: 331, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Tole	1994
Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone. The New England journal of medicine, 1994, Nov-03, Volume: 331, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Tole	1994
Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone. The New England journal of medicine, 1994, Nov-03, Volume: 331, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Tole	1994
Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone. The New England journal of medicine, 1994, Nov-03, Volume: 331, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Tole	1994
Improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in obese subjects treated with troglitazone. The New England journal of medicine, 1994, Nov-03, Volume: 331, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Tole	1994
Effects of troglitazone: a new hypoglycemic agent in patients with NIDDM poorly controlled by diet therapy. Diabetes care, 1996, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitu	1996
Troglitazone, an insulin action enhancer, improves metabolic control in NIDDM patients. Troglitazone Study Group. Diabetologia, 1996, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blin	1996
Troglitazone, an insulin action enhancer, improves metabolic control in NIDDM patients. Troglitazone Study Group. Diabetologia, 1996, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blin	1996
Troglitazone, an insulin action enhancer, improves metabolic control in NIDDM patients. Troglitazone Study Group. Diabetologia, 1996, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blin	1996
Troglitazone, an insulin action enhancer, improves metabolic control in NIDDM patients. Troglitazone Study Group. Diabetologia, 1996, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blin	1996
Effect of troglitazone on insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta-cell function in women at high risk for NIDDM. Diabetes, 1996, Volume: 45, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; California; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LD	1996
Cardiac and glycemic benefits of troglitazone treatment in NIDDM. The Troglitazone Study Group. Diabetes, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:3 Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Confidence Inte	1997
Effect of combination therapy of troglitazone and sulphonylureas in patients with Type 2 diabetes who were poorly controlled by sulphonylurea therapy alone. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 1996, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Demography; Diabetes	1996
Trivalent chromium and the diabetes prevention program. Medical hypotheses, 1997, Volume: 49, Issue:1 Topics: Chromans; Chromium; Clinical Protocols; Complementary Therapies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Ex	1997
Efficacy of troglitazone measured by insulin resistance index. Lancet (London, England), 1997, Jul-19, Volume: 350, Issue:9072 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Male;	1997
Effects of troglitazone on insulin action and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 1997, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mel	1997
Good metabolic and safety profile of troglitazone alone and following alcohol in NIDDM subjects. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 1997, Volume: 38, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind	1997
Increase of lipoprotein (a) with troglitazone. Lancet (London, England), 1997, Dec-13, Volume: 350, Issue:9093 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipoprotein(a); Male; Midd	1997
Troglitazone reduces LDL oxidation and lowers plasma E-selectin concentration in NIDDM patients. Diabetes, 1998, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Doubl	1998
Metabolic effects of troglitazone monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of internal medicine, 1998, Feb-01, Volume: 128, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Do	1998
Effect of troglitazone on B cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1998, Volume: 83, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relations	1998
Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus. The New England journal of medicine, 1998, Mar-26, Volume: 338, Issue:13 Topics: Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination;	1998
Effect of troglitazone in insulin-treated patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Troglitazone and Exogenous Insulin Study Group. The New England journal of medicine, 1998, Mar-26, Volume: 338, Issue:13 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;	1998
TRIPOD (TRoglitazone In the Prevention Of Diabetes): a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of troglitazone in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus. Controlled clinical trials, 1998, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Carotid Stenosis; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blin	1998
Differential vasoactive effects of the insulin sensitizers rosiglitazone (BRL 49653) and troglitazone on human small arteries in vitro. Diabetes, 1998, Volume: 47, Issue:5 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Arteries; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship,	1998
Potent inhibitory effect of troglitazone on carotid arterial wall thickness in type 2 diabetes. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1998, Volume: 83, Issue:5 Topics: Carotid Arteries; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglyc	1998
Establishing the dose response curve for metabolic control with troglitazone, an insulin action enhancer, in type 2 diabetes patients. Annals of medicine, 1998, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Re	1998
Troglitazone use in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. The Troglitazone Insulin Study Group. Diabetes care, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration	1998
Troglitazone reduces plasma leptin concentration but increases hunger in NIDDM patients. Diabetes care, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:9 Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior	1998
Troglitazone in combination with sulfonylurea restores glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. The Troglitazone Study Group. Diabetes care, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:9 Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Dru	1998
Troglitazone, an insulin action enhancer, improves glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in elderly type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 1998, Volume: 15, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Chromans;	1998
Troglitazone monotherapy improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, controlled study. The Troglitazone Study Group. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1998, Volume: 83, Issue:9 Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Fasting; F	1998
Pharmacokinetics of troglitazone, a PPAR-gamma agonist, in patients with hepatic insufficiency. European journal of clinical pharmacology, 1998, Volume: 54, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Disease	1998
Effect of troglitazone on microalbuminuria in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes care, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Chromans	1998
The Diabetes Prevention Program. Design and methods for a clinical trial in the prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus,	1999
Troglitazone in combination with sulphonylurea improves glycaemic control in Type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by sulphonylurea therapy alone. Troglitazone Study Group. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 1999, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypog	1999
Troglitazone's effect on lipoprotein(a) levels. Diabetes care, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipopro	1999
Troglitazone directly increases HDL cholesterol levels. Diabetes care, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fem	1999
Effect of troglitazone on body fat distribution in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes care, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Abdomen; Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus	1999
Vasodilatory effects of troglitazone improve blood pressure at rest and during mental stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 1999, Volume: 34, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glyburide; Hemodynamics; Humans;	1999
Effects of troglitazone on fat distribution in the treatment of male type 2 diabetes. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1999, Volume: 48, Issue:9 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus,	1999
Effect of troglitazone on lipoprotein(a) levels in obese subjects. Diabetes care, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:10 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag	1999
A comparison of troglitazone and metformin on insulin requirements in euglycemic intensively insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes, 1999, Volume: 48, Issue:12 Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Weight; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Ci	1999
Troglitazone reduces hyperglycaemia and selectively acute-phase serum proteins in patients with Type II diabetes. Diabetologia, 1999, Volume: 42, Issue:12 Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Aged; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Chromans; Complement	1999
Economic assessment of troglitazone as an adjunct to sulfonylurea therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Clinical therapeutics, 2000, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Cohort Studies; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type	2000
Improvement by the insulin-sensitizing agent, troglitazone, of abnormal fibrinolysis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fibrinolysis; Glycated Hemoglobin;	2000
A comparison in a clinical setting of the efficacy and side effects of three thiazolidinediones. Diabetes care, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Body Weight; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Female; Glycated Hemoglob	2000
Metabolic effects of troglitazone therapy in type 2 diabetic, obese, and lean normal subjects. Diabetes care, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes	2000
Long-term effects of troglitazone: open-label extension studies in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes care, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dou	2000
Repaglinide/troglitazone combination therapy: improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Carbamates; Chromans; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes Mellitus,	2000
Response of pancreatic beta-cells to improved insulin sensitivity in women at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Glucose; Glucose Intolera	2000
Troglitazone decreases serum uric acid concentrations in type II diabetic patients and non-diabetics. Diabetologia, 2000, Volume: 43, Issue:6 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypogly	2000
Troglitazone or metformin in combination with sulfonylureas for patients with type 2 diabetes? The Journal of family practice, 1999, Volume: 48, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glipizide; Glyc	1999
Efficacy of troglitazone on body fat distribution in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:8 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;	2000
Troglitazone reduces neointimal tissue proliferation after coronary stent implantation in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a serial intravascular ultrasound study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2000, Nov-01, Volume: 36, Issue:5 Topics: Cell Division; Chromans; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Female;	2000
Effects of troglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not adequately controlled by sulfonylureas. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2001, Volume: 51, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus,	2001
Troglitazone prevents the rise in visceral adiposity and improves fatty liver associated with sulfonylurea therapy--a randomized controlled trial. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2001, Volume: 50, Issue:4 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aged; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combinat	2001
The effect of a thiazolidinedione drug, troglitazone, on glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus poorly controlled with sulfonylurea and metformin. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of internal medicine, 2001, May-01, Volume: 134, Issue:9 Pt 1 Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;	2001
Beneficial effect of troglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing antidiabetic agent, on coronary circulation in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Japanese circulation journal, 2001, Volume: 65, Issue:6 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Aged; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Chromans; Coronary Circulation; D	2001
Effect of troglitazone on urinary albumin excretion and serum type IV collagen concentrations in Type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2001, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Albuminuria; Animals; Blood Pressure; Chromans; Collagen; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dia	2001
Nuclear factor-kappaB suppressive and inhibitor-kappaB stimulatory effects of troglitazone in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: evidence of an antiinflammatory action? The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2001, Volume: 86, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Chemokine CCL2; Cholesterol; Chr	2001
Serum leptin level as an indicator to predict the clinical efficacy of troglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2001, Volume: 53, Issue:3 Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin	2001
Blood thrombogenicity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is associated with glycemic control. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2001, Nov-01, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Chromans; Combin	2001
Blood thrombogenicity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is associated with glycemic control. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2001, Nov-01, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Chromans; Combin	2001
Blood thrombogenicity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is associated with glycemic control. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2001, Nov-01, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Chromans; Combin	2001
Blood thrombogenicity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is associated with glycemic control. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2001, Nov-01, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Tests; Chromans; Combin	2001
Regulation of glucose transport and insulin signaling by troglitazone or metformin in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes, 2002, Volume: 51, Issue:1 Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Body Composition; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Diabetes Melli	2002
Further insight on the hypoglycemic and nonhypoglycemic effects of troglitazone 400 or 600 mg/d: effects on the very-low-density and high-density lipoprotein particle distribution. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2002, Volume: 51, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fatty Ac	2002
Impact of troglitazone on coronary stent implantation using small stents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The American journal of cardiology, 2002, Feb-01, Volume: 89, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Chromans; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Coron	2002
Troglitazone but not metformin restores insulin-stimulated phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and increases p110beta protein levels in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes, 2002, Volume: 51, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Isoe	2002
Differential effects of metformin and troglitazone on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 2002, Volume: 25, Issue:3 Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Chromans; D	2002
Cardiac hypertrophy in diabetes patients with and without hypertension: effects of troglitazone, a novel antidiabetic drug, on diastolic function. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 2001, Volume: 498 Topics: Cardiomegaly; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diastole; Female; Humans;	2001
A prospective, randomized comparison of the metabolic effects of pioglitazone or rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes who were previously treated with troglitazone. Diabetes care, 2002, Volume: 25, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Th	2002
Effect of new oral antidiabetic agent CS-045 on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in patients with NIDDM. Diabetes care, 1991, Volume: 14, Issue:11 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glucose Toler	1991
A pilot clinical trial of a new oral hypoglycemic agent, CS-045, in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 1991, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Fem	1991

Article	Year
[[omega-(Heterocyclylamino)alkoxy]benzyl]-2,4-thiazolidinediones as potent antihyperglycemic agents. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1994, Nov-11, Volume: 37, Issue:23 Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Hemoglobins; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mice;	1994
Substituted tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]oxazol-5(6H)-ones and tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazol-5(6H)-ones as hypoglycemic agents. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1998, Nov-05, Volume: 41, Issue:23 Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Glucose; Hypoglycemic A	1998
Novel euglycemic and hypolipidemic agents: Part-2. Antioxidant moiety as structural motif. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 1998, May-05, Volume: 8, Issue:9 Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design; Hypoglycemic Agents; H	1998
New azolidinediones as inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with antihyperglycemic properties. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2000, Mar-09, Volume: 43, Issue:5 Topics: 4-Nitrophenylphosphatase; Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Inhibitors; Huma	2000
Design and synthesis of 2-methyl-2-[4-(2-[5-methyl-2-aryloxazol-4-yl]ethoxy)phenoxy]propionic acids: a new class of dual PPARalpha/gamma agonists. Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2001, Jun-21, Volume: 44, Issue:13 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Design;	2001
Type II diabetes mellitus and obesity: Common links, existing therapeutics and future developments. Journal of biosciences, 2019, Volume: 44, Issue:6 Topics: Adipogenesis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; M	2019
The effects of troglitazone on AMPK in HepG2 cells. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 2017, 06-01, Volume: 623-624 Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Activation; Hep G2 Cells;	2017
Increased susceptibility to troglitazone-induced mitochondrial permeability transition in type 2 diabetes mellitus model rat. The Journal of toxicological sciences, 2018, Volume: 43, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Cardiolipins; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Glutathione; Hep	2018
Role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis and development of type 2 diabetes in WBN/Kob-Lepr(fa) rats. The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2013, Dec-30, Volume: 75, Issue:12 Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Area Under Curve; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal;	2013
Prediction of type 2 diabetes in women with a history of gestational diabetes using a genetic risk score. Diabetologia, 2013, Volume: 56, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Disease Progression; Female; Foll	2013
Circulating angiopoietin-like protein 8 is independently associated with fasting plasma glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2014, Volume: 99, Issue:12 Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8; Angiopoietin-like Proteins; Animals; Blood Gl	2014
Physiologic and pharmacologic modulation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor expression in beta-cells by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma signaling: possible mechanism for the GIP resistance in type 2 diab Diabetes, 2010, Volume: 59, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Gluco	2010
The development of subcutaneous sarcomas in rodents exposed to peroxisome proliferators agonists: hypothetical mechanisms of action and de-risking attitude. Toxicologic pathology, 2012, Volume: 40, Issue:5 Topics: Adipogenesis; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Cell Differentiation; Chromans;	2012
Expression analyses of the genes harbored by the type 2 diabetes and pediatric BMI associated locus on 10q23. BMC medical genetics, 2012, Sep-24, Volume: 13 Topics: Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Body Mass Index; Cell Line; Chromans; Chromosomes, H	2012
Effective use of thiazolidinediones for the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced diabetes. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2002, Volume: 58, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Th	2002
[Meta-analysis shows: insulin sensitizer is safe for the liver]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2002, Oct-03, Volume: 144, Issue:40 Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type	2002
[News on diabetes and public health perspectives]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2002, Nov-23, Volume: 31, Issue:39 Pt 1 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitu	2002
Effect of thiazolidinediones and metformin on LDL oxidation and aortic endothelium relaxation in diabetic GK rats. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2003, Volume: 284, Issue:6 Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mell	2003
Troglitazone-induced liver failure: a case study. The American journal of medicine, 2003, Volume: 114, Issue:4 Topics: Age Distribution; Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Chronic Disease; Confidenc	2003
Thiazolidinediones upregulate impaired fatty acid uptake in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic subjects. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2003, Volume: 285, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; CD36 Antigens; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids	2003
A study to survey susceptible genetic factors responsible for troglitazone-associated hepatotoxicity in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2003, Volume: 73, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Alleles; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver In	2003
A retrospective review of thiazolidinediones with development of a troglitazone conversion protocol. TheScientificWorldJournal, 2003, Jun-09, Volume: 3 Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Chromans; Clinical Protocols; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type	2003
Novel PPARgamma-dependent and independent effects for thiazolidinediones. Current opinion in lipidology, 2003, Volume: 14, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Bezafibrate; Body Weight; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression; Humans; Ins	2003
[Should type 2 diabetes prevention pharmacological studies prompt us to change our prescription habits?]. Diabetes & metabolism, 2003, Volume: 29, Issue:5 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Prescriptions; France; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Thiazo	2003
A novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonist, NIP-222, reduces urinary albumin excretion in streptozotocin-diabetic mice independent of PPARgamma activation. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2003, Volume: 52, Issue:12 Topics: Albuminuria; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body	2003
Liver glucokinase can be activated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. Diabetes, 2004, Volume: 53 Suppl 1 Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dimerization; Enzyme Activation; Gene Expre	2004
Causation of type 2 diabetes -- the Gordian knot unravels. The New England journal of medicine, 2004, Feb-12, Volume: 350, Issue:7 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression; Humans; Insulin; Islet	2004
Effects of PPARgamma ligands and C/EBPbeta enhancer on expression of extracellular-superoxide dismutase. Redox report : communications in free radical research, 2004, Volume: 9, Issue:4 Topics: CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; Cell Line; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; DNA Primers; Ex	2004
Impact of regulatory labeling for troglitazone and rosiglitazone on hepatic enzyme monitoring compliance: findings from the state of Ohio medicaid program. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2005, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Chromans; Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Labeling; Drug Utiliza	2005
Improvement of liver function parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with thiazolidinediones. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:4 Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type	2005
Drugs for diabetes. Treatment guidelines from the Medical Letter, 2005, Volume: 3, Issue:36 Topics: Acarbose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Exenatide; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Metf	2005
Detection of autoantibody to aldolase B in sera from patients with troglitazone-induced liver dysfunction. Toxicology, 2005, Volume: 216, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Autoantibodies; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabet	2005
Risk of hospitalization for heart failure associated with thiazolidinedione therapy: a medicaid claims-based case-control study. Pharmacotherapy, 2005, Volume: 25, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Hospi	2005
Effect of troglitazone on the excess testosterone and LH secretion in thyroidectomized, insulin-resistant, type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Endocrine, 2005, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gene	2005
Troglitazone: the lesson that nobody learned? Diabetologia, 2006, Volume: 49, Issue:1 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Retrospective Studies; Thiazolidin	2006
Urinary excretions of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase predict the development of proteinuria and renal injury in OLETF rats. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2006, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Hypoglycemic Agents; Immunoenz	2006
Risks of troglitazone apparent before approval in USA. Diabetologia, 2006, Volume: 49, Issue:6 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Risk Assessment; Thiazolidinedione	2006
Hypoglycemic action of thiazolidinediones/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma by inhibition of the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway. Diabetes, 2007, Volume: 56, Issue:7 Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease M	2007
Exacerbation of acidosis during ischemia and reperfusion arrhythmia in hearts from type 2 Diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Cardiovascular diabetology, 2007, Jun-05, Volume: 6 Topics: Animals; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Ketoacid	2007
Comparison of vascular relaxation, lipolysis and glucose uptake by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation in +db/+m and +db/+db mice. European journal of pharmacology, 2007, Oct-15, Volume: 572, Issue:1 Topics: Abdominal Fat; Adipocytes; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Chromans; Diabetes Mel	2007
Tort law: Desiano and the Second Circuit's repudiation of de jure tort reform. The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 2007,Fall, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Drug Ind	2007
New directions in treating insulin resistance. Hospital practice (1995), 1995, Sep-15, Volume: 30, Issue:9 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistanc	1995
The new oral hypoglycemic agent, CS-045, inhibits the lipid peroxidation of human plasma low density lipoprotein in vitro. Biochemical pharmacology, 1995, Sep-28, Volume: 50, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Amidines; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Li	1995
Insulin resistance and the prevention of diabetes mellitus. The New England journal of medicine, 1994, Nov-03, Volume: 331, Issue:18 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Insulin Re	1994
Increased insulin responsiveness after CS-045 treatment in diabetes associated with Werner's syndrome. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 1994, Volume: 24, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female;	1994
Prevention of hyperglycemia in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat by treatment with metformin or troglitazone. The American journal of physiology, 1996, Volume: 271, Issue:4 Pt 1 Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Body Weight; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified;	1996
"Glitazones", a prospect for non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Lancet (London, England), 1997, Jan-11, Volume: 349, Issue:9045 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hyperinsulinism; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistanc	1997
Metabolic effects of troglitazone in the Goto-Kakizaki rat, a non-obese and normolipidemic rodent model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 1997, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Glucose; Glucose Clamp	1997
Warner Lambert/Sankyo diabetes drug nears market. Nature biotechnology, 1997, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Industry; Hypogly	1997
New diabetes drug targets insulin resistance. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 1997, Mar-15, Volume: 54, Issue:6 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Thiazoles; Thi	1997
Glitazones and NIDDM. Lancet (London, England), 1997, Mar-29, Volume: 349, Issue:9056 Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Obesit	1997
Troglitazone for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 1997, May-23, Volume: 39, Issue:1001 Topics: Administration, Oral; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relation	1997
Is troglitazone a real indication for obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance? Diabetes care, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:8 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Intolerance; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Obesity; Thia	1997
Troglitazone: a new class of oral antihyperglycemic for the treatment of type II diabetes. The Nurse practitioner, 1997, Volume: 22, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Thiazoles; T	1997
American Diabetes Association Annual Meeting, 1997. Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care, 1997, Volume: 20, Issue:11 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; So	1997
Troglitazone action is independent of adipose tissue. The Journal of clinical investigation, 1997, Dec-01, Volume: 100, Issue:11 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type	1997
Troglitazone action is independent of adipose tissue. The Journal of clinical investigation, 1997, Dec-01, Volume: 100, Issue:11 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type	1997
Troglitazone action is independent of adipose tissue. The Journal of clinical investigation, 1997, Dec-01, Volume: 100, Issue:11 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type	1997
Troglitazone action is independent of adipose tissue. The Journal of clinical investigation, 1997, Dec-01, Volume: 100, Issue:11 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type	1997
A miracle of salamization: positive divided by two equals negative. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 1997, Volume: 14, Issue:11 Topics: Chromans; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent	1997
Novel benzoxazole 2,4-thiazolidinediones as potent hypoglycemic agents. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin, 1997, Volume: 45, Issue:12 Topics: Animals; Benzopyrans; Benzoxazoles; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglyc	1997
New treatment for adult-onset diabetes. Nursing spectrum (D.C./Baltimore metro ed.), 1997, Aug-11, Volume: 7, Issue:16 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Thiazoles; Thiazolidinediones; Tro	1997
Fatty acid-induced beta cell apoptosis: a link between obesity and diabetes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998, Mar-03, Volume: 95, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cells, Cultured; Ceramides; Chromans; Coenzyme A Ligases; Diabetes Mellitus; Dia	1998
Troglitazone: monotherapy indication. Archives of internal medicine, 1998, Feb-23, Volume: 158, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug	1998
Lack of effect of type II diabetes on the pharmacokinetics of troglitazone in a multiple-dose study. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 1997, Volume: 37, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic	1997
Another potential use of troglitazone in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1998, Volume: 83, Issue:3 Topics: Carotid Artery, Common; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Ma	1998
A novel antidiabetic drug, troglitazone--reason for hope and concern. The New England journal of medicine, 1998, Mar-26, Volume: 338, Issue:13 Topics: Administration, Oral; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; H	1998
Troglitazone regulation of glucose metabolism in human skeletal muscle cultures from obese type II diabetic subjects. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1998, Volume: 83, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose; Glucose Tra	1998
International Diabetes Federation meeting, 1997. Issues in the treatment of type 2 diabetes; sulfonylureas, metformin, and troglitazone. Diabetes care, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:6 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; Middle Aged; Sulfonylur	1998
Two cases of severe clinical and histologic hepatotoxicity associated with troglitazone. Annals of internal medicine, 1998, Jul-01, Volume: 129, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes M	1998
Troglitazone-induced hepatic failure leading to liver transplantation. A case report. Annals of internal medicine, 1998, Jul-01, Volume: 129, Issue:1 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Failure; Liver Trans	1998
Troglitazone and small low-density lipoprotein in type 2 diabetes. Annals of internal medicine, 1998, Jul-15, Volume: 129, Issue:2 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Lipoproteins,	1998
Effect of troglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The New England journal of medicine, 1998, Aug-06, Volume: 339, Issue:6 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents	1998
Effect of troglitazone in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The New England journal of medicine, 1998, Aug-06, Volume: 339, Issue:6 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents	1998
Troglitazone effects on gene expression in human skeletal muscle of type II diabetes involve up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1998, Volume: 83, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Carrier Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acid-Binding Pr	1998
Ways of changing sensitivity to insulin. Indian journal of medical sciences, 1997, Volume: 51, Issue:12 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Thiazoles; Thi	1997
Targeted glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. The Journal of the Florida Medical Association, 1998, Volume: 85, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Algorithms; Anti-Obesity Agents; Biguanides; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Chr	1998
Baseline factors affecting the efficacy of troglitazone on plasma glucose in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 1998, Volume: 41, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female;	1998
Treatment of psoriasis with troglitazone therapy. Archives of dermatology, 1998, Volume: 134, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Immunosuppressive Age	1998
An autopsy case of troglitazone-induced fulminant hepatitis. Diabetes care, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:12 Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Autopsy; Bilirubin; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal Outcome; Hepati	1998
LDL cholesterol and troglitazone therapy. Diabetes care, 1998, Volume: 21, Issue:12 Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hu	1998
Pleuropulmonary disease in a man with diabetes who was treated with troglitazone. The New England journal of medicine, 1998, Nov-05, Volume: 339, Issue:19 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Male;	1998
From fat-free mice, the skinny on diabetes. Science (New York, N.Y.), 1998, Oct-23, Volume: 282, Issue:5389 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agen	1998
Fatal hepatotoxicity associated with troglitazone. Annals of internal medicine, 1998, Dec-15, Volume: 129, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	1998
Significant weight gain with rezulin therapy. Archives of internal medicine, 1999, Jan-11, Volume: 159, Issue:1 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edema; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Thiazole	1999
NIH opens conflict-of-interest investigation. Nature medicine, 1999, Volume: 5, Issue:2 Topics: Biomedical Research; Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Conflict of Interest; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty	1999
Pharmacological profiles of a novel oral antidiabetic agent, JTT-501, an isoxazolidinedione derivative. European journal of pharmacology, 1999, Jan-08, Volume: 364, Issue:2-3 Topics: 3T3 Cells; Administration, Oral; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Differentiation; Chromans; Diabetes Me	1999
Inhibition of LDL oxidation in vitro but not ex vivo by troglitazone. Diabetes, 1999, Volume: 48, Issue:4 Topics: Antioxidants; Chromans; Copper; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans;	1999
Troglitazone and metformin, but not glibenclamide, decrease blood pressure in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993), 1999, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose	1999
On the need for outcome trials in preventive pharmacology. Lessons from the recent experience with adverse drug reactions. Diabetes care, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse	1999
Switching insulin-sensitizing agents in patients with type 2 diabetes who require insulin. Diabetes care, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycated Hemoglobin;	1999
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Lancet (London, England), 1999, Oct-09, Volume: 354, Issue:9186 Topics: Chromans; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Hepatitis; Humans; Hypoglycemic	1999
Diabetes drug Rezulin: take it, but take precautions. Health news (Waltham, Mass.), 1999, May-10, Volume: 5, Issue:6 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Failure; Liver Function Test	1999
The effect of insulin sensitizer, troglitazone, on lipoprotein lipase mass in preheparin serum. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 1999, Volume: 46, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Diabetic; Fem	1999
A drug interaction between troglitazone and simvastatin. Diabetes care, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:12 Topics: Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Interactions; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agent	1999
Effects of troglitazone on collagen accumulation and distensibility of aortic wall in prestage of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2000, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Body Weight; Chromans; Collagen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glucose Tolera	2000
Deterioration of rheumatoid arthritis with troglitazone: a rare and unexpected adverse effect. Archives of internal medicine, 2000, Jan-10, Volume: 160, Issue:1 Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hyp	2000
Subacute hepatic failure associated with a new antidiabetic agent, troglitazone: a case report with autopsy examination. Human pathology, 2000, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Failu	2000
Troglitazone-associated hepatic failure. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2000, Volume: 95, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatal Outcome; Fe	2000
Short-term treatment with troglitazone decreases bone turnover in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrine journal, 1999, Volume: 46, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alkaline Phosphatase; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Bone and Bones; Bone Remod	1999
The novel hypoglycemic agent YM440 normalizes hyperglycemia without changing body fat weight in diabetic db/db mice. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:3 Topics: 3T3 Cells; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Differentiation; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus	2000
Managing type 2 diabetes. A look at the newer agents. JAAPA : official journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 1999, Volume: 12, Issue:6 Topics: Acarbose; Carbamates; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin; P	1999
Drugs and disease. Circulation, 2000, Apr-04, Volume: 101, Issue:13 Topics: Chromans; Cisapride; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug and Narcotic Control; Gastroesophageal Reflux;	2000
Troglitazone-induced fulminant hepatic failure. Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2000, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Liver Failure; Midd	2000
Severe but reversible hepatitis induced by troglitazone. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2000, Volume: 45, Issue:5 Topics: Biopsy; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypogly	2000
Troglitazone in progesterone derivative-induced impairment of glucose tolerance. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2000, Volume: 39, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; G	2000
Substituting for troglitazone (Rezulin). The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 2000, Apr-17, Volume: 42, Issue:1076 Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag	2000
Down-regulation by troglitazone of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 mRNA expression in a murine model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Biochemical pharmacology, 2000, Jul-01, Volume: 60, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Down-Regulation; Gene Expressi	2000
Dietary troglitazone decreases oxidative stress in early stage type II diabetic rats. Life sciences, 2000, Apr-14, Volume: 66, Issue:21 Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipid Peroxid	2000
Late-onset troglitazone-induced hepatic dysfunction. Diabetes care, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglyce	2000
Deterioration of glycemic control after long-term treatment with troglitazone in nonobese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes care, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:1 Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypogly	2000
Toward practical prevention of type 2 diabetes. Medical hypotheses, 2000, Volume: 54, Issue:5 Topics: alpha-Linolenic Acid; Animals; Biotin; Calcium; Chromans; Coenzymes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Etha	2000
Acute rhabdomyolysis associated with troglitazone. Diabetes care, 2000, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Chromans; Creatine Kinase; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyburide;	2000
Effects of troglitazone on blood concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes and in lean and obese normal subjects. Diabetes, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Fibrinolysis; G	2000
[Troglitazone, an insulin action enhancer--a drug of precision to treat adult-onset diabetes]. Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja, 1997, Volume: 113, Issue:19 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Thiazoles; Thi	1997
Pharmacokinetics of the insulin-sensitizing agent troglitazone in cats. American journal of veterinary research, 2000, Volume: 61, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Area Under Curve; Cats; Chromans; Chromatography, High Pressure Liqui	2000
Mechanism of troglitazone action in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:5 Topics: Body Composition; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glucose; Glucose-6-Phosphate; Glycoge	2000
Troglitazone decreases collagen accumulation in prediabetic stage of a type II diabetic rat model. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2000, Volume: 84, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Chromans; Collagen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heart Diseases; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; R	2000
Thiazolidinediones for type 2 diabetes. New agents reduce insulin resistance but need long term clinical trials. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2000, Jul-29, Volume: 321, Issue:7256 Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Contraindications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug	2000
[A 75-year-old type 2 diabetes mellitus case responding strikingly troglitazone: possible mechanism of insulin resistance induced by insulin antibody]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai zasshi. Japanese journal of geriatrics, 2000, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Antibodies;	2000
Troglitazone has a reducing effect on thromboxane production. Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators, 2000, Volume: 62, Issue:2 Topics: Arachidonic Acid; Blood Platelets; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibrinolytic Agents; Gas Chr	2000
The rise and fall of troglitazone. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2000, Volume: 17, Issue:6 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Receptors, Cytoplas	2000
Diabetes recall. Though Rezulin's withdrawal is a blow for some patients, there are ways to cope. Here's how. Time, 2000, Apr-03, Volume: 155, Issue:13 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Approval; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Thiazoles; Thiazoli	2000
Troglitazone prevents and reverses dyslipidemia, insulin secretory defects, and histologic abnormalities in a rat model of naturally occurring obese diabetes. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2000, Volume: 49, Issue:9 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Aging; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus	2000
[New development in diabetes therapy. 35th Annual Meeting of the German Diabetes Society, Munich, May 5-June 3, 2000]. Der Internist, 2000, Volume: 41, Issue:9 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Germany; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; P	2000
[Insulin sensitizer. A new therapy option for type 2 diabetic patients]. MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, 2000, Sep-21, Volume: 142, Issue:38 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin	2000
Unraveling the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones. The Journal of clinical investigation, 2000, Volume: 106, Issue:11 Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazo	2000
Troglitazone prevents fatty changes of the liver in obese diabetic rats. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2000, Volume: 15, Issue:10 Topics: Age Factors; Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol;	2000
Troglitazone halts diabetic glomerulosclerosis by blockade of mesangial expansion. Kidney international, 2000, Volume: 58, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Basement Membrane; Body Weight; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; Chromans; Diabetes Melli	2000
UCP3 gene expression does not correlate with muscle oxidation rates in troglitazone-treated Zucker fatty rats. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2000, Dec-15, Volume: 1517, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Body Weight; Carbon Dioxide; Carrier Proteins; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, T	2000
Troglitazone, an antidiabetic drug, improves left ventricular mass and diastolic function in normotensive diabetic patients. International journal of cardiology, 2001, Volume: 77, Issue:1 Topics: Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; Chromans;	2001
Effects of troglitazone on cellular differentiation, insulin signaling, and glucose metabolism in cultured human skeletal muscle cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2001, Jan-26, Volume: 280, Issue:3 Topics: Adipocytes; Base Sequence; Biomarkers; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Chromans; Diabetes Mel	2001
Failure to develop hepatic injury from rosiglitazone in a patient with a history of troglitazone-induced hepatitis. Diabetes care, 2001, Volume: 24, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans;	2001
Pulmonary edema associated with rosiglitazone and troglitazone. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2001, Volume: 35, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Pulmonary Edema; Rosiglitazone; Thiazoles;	2001
Troglitazone has no effect on K(ATP) channel opener induced-relaxations in rat aorta and in human saphenous veins from patients with type 2 diabetes. Life sciences, 2000, Dec-22, Volume: 68, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Aorta; Chromans; Cromakalim; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; In Vit	2000
Does pioglitazone, like troglitazone, increase serum levels of lipoprotein(a) in diabetic patients? Diabetes care, 2001, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Lipoprotein(a); Male; Midd	2001
FDA reviews troglitazone. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 1999, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag	1999
Troglitazone reduces plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2000, Volume: 2, Issue:3 Topics: Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hemoglobi	2000
Antiatherogenic effects of thiazolidinediones? Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2001, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Cell Movement; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Fats; Humans;	2001
Troglitazone inhibits formation of early atherosclerotic lesions in diabetic and nondiabetic low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2001, Volume: 21, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Glu	2001
Effects of type-2 diabetes and troglitazone on the expression patterns of small intestinal sugar transporters and PPAR-gamma in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat. Digestion, 2001, Volume: 63, Issue:2 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, T	2001
Company played down drug's risks, report says. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2001, Mar-24, Volume: 322, Issue:7288 Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Deception; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dru	2001
Lipotoxicity of beta-cells in obesity and in other causes of fatty acid spillover. Diabetes, 2001, Volume: 50 Suppl 1 Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids; Hypoglycemic Agents; Islets of	2001
Myositis, microvesicular hepatitis, and progression to cirrhosis from troglitazone added to simvastatin. Digestive diseases and sciences, 2001, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Antioxidants; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Chromans; Diab	2001
Troglitazone stimulates pancreatic growth in congenitally CCK-A receptor-deficient OLETF rats. American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 2001, Volume: 280, Issue:5 Topics: Aging; Amylases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fibrosis; Homeostasis;	2001
Troglitazone improves whole-body insulin resistance and skeletal muscle glucose use in type II diabetic patients. Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 2001, Volume: 42, Issue:7 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Fluorodeoxyg	2001
Rezulin to be withdrawn from the market. Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2000,Summer, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Industry; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver; Safety; Thia	2000
Warner-Lambert voluntarily withdraws Rezulin. Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2000,Summer, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Chromans; Consumer Product Safety; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Industry; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag	2000
Actos (pioglitazone HCL) provides a safe, effective alternative for patients formerly taking Rezulin. Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2000,Summer, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Chromans; Clinical Trials as Topic; Consumer Product Safety; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Industr	2000
Avandia, a leading alternative for Rezulin patients, prescribed to more than 700,000 patients. Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 2000,Summer, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Chromans; Consumer Product Safety; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Industry; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag	2000
Utilization of oral hypoglycemic agents in a drug-insured U.S. population. Diabetes care, 2001, Volume: 24, Issue:8 Topics: Carbamates; Chromans; Cohort Studies; Databases as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Enzyme Inhibito	2001
New labeling and use changes for Rezulin. Diabetes technology & therapeutics, 1999,Fall, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: Chromans; Consumer Product Safety; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Labeling; Humans; Hypoglycemic Ag	1999
Mechanisms involved in tumor necrosis factor-alpha induction of insulin resistance and its reversal by thiazolidinedione(s). The American journal of the medical sciences, 2001, Volume: 322, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hypoglycem	2001
Cellular mechanisms in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy: activation of the DAG-PKC-ERK pathway. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation, 2001, Volume: 38, Issue:4 Suppl 1 Topics: Animals; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diacylglycerol Kinase; Disease	2001
Increased lymphatic lipid transport in genetically diabetic obese rats. American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology, 2002, Volume: 282, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Body Weight; Carrier Proteins; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes	2002
Beneficial hepatic effect of troglitazone in a patient with antimitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cirrhosis. The American journal of gastroenterology, 2002, Volume: 97, Issue:1 Topics: Autoantibodies; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Liver Cirr	2002
Thiazolidinediones enhance insulin-mediated suppression of fatty acid flux in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2002, Volume: 51, Issue:2 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Fema	2002
Effect of troglitazone on endothelial function in type 2 diabetic patients. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2002, Volume: 52, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelium,	2002
A treatment for Mr WP: thiazolidinediones after troglitazone. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2002, Volume: 19 Suppl 1 Topics: Aged; Animals; Body Mass Index; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Glycated Hem	2002
[Diabetic dyslipoproteinemia: physiopathological bases and treatment prospects]. Fortschritte der Medizin. Originalien, 2001, Volume: 119, Issue:1 Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Clinical Tria	2001
Pioglitazone-induced hepatic injury in a patient previously receiving troglitazone with success. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2002, Volume: 19, Issue:4 Topics: Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glyburide; Glycated Hemoglob	2002
Troglitazone improves GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue in an animal model of obese type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2002, Volume: 56, Issue:3 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus,	2002
Troglitazone enhances the hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen by inducing CYP3A in rats. Toxicology, 2002, Jul-01, Volume: 176, Issue:1-2 Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Oral; Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Carbon Tetrachloride; C	2002
Metabolic effects of new oral hypoglycemic agent CS-045 in NIDDM subjects. Diabetes care, 1992, Volume: 15, Issue:2 Topics: Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Chromans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2;	1992

troglitazone and Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset