triolein and Coronary-Disease

Reductions on the clearance from plasma of chylomicrons are associated with atherosclerosis. Statins improve the removal from plasma of chylomicrons in a dose dependent manner. There is controversy whether ezetimibe modifies the plasma clearance of chylomicrons. Effects of ezetimibe alone or in combination with simvastatin were compared with low and high dose of the latter, upon the kinetics of a chylomicron-like emulsion in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients.. 25 CHD patients were randomized for treatment with ezetimibe 10 mg (group 1) or simvastatin 20 mg (group 2) with progression to ezetimibe + simvastatin 10/20 mg or simvastatin 80 mg, respectively. Kinetic studies were performed at baseline and after each treatment period of 6 weeks. The fractional catabolic rates (FCR) of the emulsion labeled with (14)C-CE and (3)H-TG, that represent respectively chylomicron remnant and triglyceride removal, were calculated. Comparisons were made by ANOVA.. The (14)CE-FCR in group 1 were 0.005 ± 0.004, 0.011 ± 0.008 and 0.018 ± 0.005 min(-1) and in group 2 were 0.004 ± 0.003, 0.011 ± 0.008 and 0.019 ± 0.007 min(-1) respectively at baseline, after 6 and 12 weeks (p < 0.05 vs. baseline, and 6 vs. 12 weeks). The (3)H-TG-FCR in group 1 were 0.017 ± 0.011, 0.024 ± 0.011 and 0.042 ± 0.013 min(-1) and in group 2 were 0.016 ± 0.009, 0.022 ± 0.009 and 0.037 ± 0.012 min(-1) at baseline, after 6 and 12 weeks (p < 0.05 vs. baseline, and 6 vs. 12 weeks). There were no differences between groups in time.. Both treatments increased similarly the removal from plasma of chylomicron and remnants in CHD patients.

Topics: Aged; Azetidines; Cholesterol Esters; Chylomicron Remnants; Chylomicrons; Coronary Disease; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ezetimibe; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Simvastatin; Triglycerides; Triolein

At present, the most effective drugs in treating hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis are the statins, which are potent inhibitors of the rate-limiting enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Serum triacylglycerol (TAG) levels associate positively with the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Triacylglycerols are mainly hydrolyzed by the enzyme lipase (glycerol ester hydrolase [GEH], EC 3.1.1.3) but can also be transformed by transacylation with cholesterol (glycerol ester:cholesterol acyltransferase [GECAT], EC 2.3.1.43). We evaluated the effect of a 3-month treatment with simvastatin (10 mg/day) on GEH and GECAT activity in the serum of 26 outpatients with CHD. The activity of both GEH and GECAT was reduced in the CHD group compared with that in the control group: 5.9 +/- 0.9 mU/mg vs. 7.5 +/- 1.8 mU/mg and 11.1 +/- 1.4 mU/mg vs. 19.3 +/- 3.3 mU/mg, respectively (p < or = 0.05). In addition to the well known effect of reducing total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with CHD, we observed two other results of simvastatin treatment. First, GEH activity increased to values similar to those found in healthy subjects and, simultaneously, GECAT activity decreased. Trioleylglycerol transacylation with cholesterol amounted to 72% and hydrolysis to 28% in the control group and to 65% and 35% in the CHD group, respectively. After simvastatin treatment, transacylation with cholesterol and hydrolysis amounted to 51% and 49%, respectively. In conclusion, by increasing GEH and reducing GECAT, simvastatin seems not only to affect cholesterol synthesis but also to alter triacylglycerol metabolism. Further studies are needed to determine the physiological significance of these changes and their relationship with the development of atherosclerosis.

Topics: Acylation; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cholesterol; Coronary Disease; Female; Humans; Hydrolysis; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Lipase; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase; Simvastatin; Triolein

Chylomicron catabolism in the bloodstream consists of lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase and uptake of remnants by the liver. In rats, triglyceride-rich emulsions can mimic chylomicron metabolism. To further validate this model in man, the emulsion was injected intravenously into fasting and into subjects previously fed a test fatty meal. The plasma kinetic curves of the emulsion 3H-triglyceride and 14C-cholesteryl ester were determined. The fractional clearance rate (FCR) of both labels was markedly reduced in the fed subjects (triglycerides: fed = 0.018 +/- 0.007; fasting = 0.105 +/- 0.013 min-1, P < 0.001; cholesteryl ester: fed = 0.016 +/- 0.001; fasting = 0.040 +/- 0.006 min-1; P < 0.05) indicating that the emulsion and chylomicrons generated from the testinal lipid absorption compete for the same catabolic processes, confirming the validity of the method. The emulsion was injected into 11 patients with CAD and into 11 controls. All had plasma cholesterol < 240 and triglycerides < 250 mg/dl. FCR of triglycerides was 5-fold smaller in CAD compared to controls (0.028 +/- 0.004 and 0.141 +/- 0.069 min-1, respectively, P < 0.01). FCR of cholesteryl ester was 4-fold smaller in CAD than in controls (0.015 +/- 0.004 and 0.056 +/- 0.067 min-1 respectively, P < 0.05). These results indicate that both chylomicron lipolysis and remnant removal are diminished in CAD.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; Cholesterol Esters; Chylomicrons; Coronary Disease; Dietary Fats; Disease Susceptibility; Drug Interactions; Emulsions; Female; Glycoproteins; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Injections, Intravenous; Intestinal Absorption; Lipoproteins; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholines; Rats; Species Specificity; Triglycerides; Triolein

Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Anticoagulants; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Coagulation Tests; Chickens; Cholesterol; Clofibrate; Coronary Disease; Diet Therapy; Fatty Acids, Essential; Female; Heparinoids; Humans; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Phospholipids; Rabbits; Rats; Triolein; Triparanol

Topics: Coronary Disease; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Lipoprotein Lipase; Triolein

Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiomyopathies; Coronary Disease; Heart Diseases; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iodine Isotopes; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Triolein

Topics: Adult; Aged; Androsterone; Anticholesteremic Agents; Butyrates; Cholesterol; Coronary Disease; Female; Humans; Iodine Isotopes; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Male; Middle Aged; Triglycerides; Triolein

Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Blood Circulation Time; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Chylomicrons; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension; Incidence; Iodine Isotopes; Lipoprotein Lipase; Obesity; Triolein

The value of the oral triolein-I(131) "tolerance" test in the study of patients with coronary heart disease was assessed. Thirtynine patients were divided into three groups: those with clinical evidence of coronary heart disease, those with increased risk, and those with no increased risk of coronary heart disease. The variability of the results precluded differentiation between the groups on the basis of this test. A minority of the patients with coronary heart disease showed strikingly elevated blood levels of lipid-bound radioactivity following the oral ingestion of triolein-I(131). It was concluded that this test is of no use in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease but may identify those patients with coronary heart disease who dispose of orally ingested fat in a grossly abnormal fashion.

Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Disease; Dietary Fats; Humans; Iodine Isotopes; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Triolein

Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Disease; Humans; Iodine Isotopes; Lipid Metabolism; Triolein

Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Disease; Iodine Isotopes; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Oils; Triolein

Topics: Coronary Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Gastroenterology; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Iodine Isotopes; Radioisotopes; Radiometry; Triolein

Topics: Arteries; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Disease; Humans; Triolein

Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Disease; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Iodine Isotopes; Myocardial Infarction; Triolein

Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Disease; Iodine Isotopes; Lipid Metabolism; Triolein

Topics: Anticoagulants; Arteriosclerosis; Cholesterol; Coronary Disease; Dicumarol; Hyperlipidemias; Iodine Isotopes; Lipids; Trichloroacetic Acid; Triolein; Warfarin

Topics: Coronary Disease; Glycerides; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypothyroidism; Lipid Metabolism; Triolein

Topics: Aging; Coronary Disease; Fats, Unsaturated; Heart; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Triolein

Topics: Aged; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Disease; Fats, Unsaturated; Heart; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Triolein