trimethoprim--sulfamethoxazole-drug-combination and Leishmaniasis

This study was designed to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a single dose of L. infantum (LiCen

Topics: Animals; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cytokines; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Interleukin-17; Leishmania infantum; Leishmaniasis; Leishmaniasis Vaccines; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Vaccines, Attenuated

Leishmania parasites express various essential proteins in different growth phases (logarithmic/stationary) and forms (promastigote/amastigote). Targeting the genes encoding such proteins paves the way for controlling these parasites. Centrin is an essential gene, which its protein product seems to be vital for the proliferation of Leishmania parasites. Herein, this study was contrived to analyze the expression level of the centrin gene in different growth phases and forms of Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) parasites isolated from various endemic areas of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in Iran.. All three collected isolates were identified as L. infantum using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR revealed a statistically significant up-regulation (3.13-fold) in the logarithmic phase promastigotes compared to stationary ones (p < 0.01), whereas centrin was expressed equally in intracellular amastigotes at different time points during cell culture. Also, our finding revealed a slight up-regulation of the centrin gene (1.22-fold) in the intracellular amastigotes compared to logarithmic phase promastigotes, which was found statistically non-significant (p > 0.05).. Centrin gene in Iranian isolates of L. infantum is more expressed in exponential than stationary phases and seems to be considered as a promising target in the development of a genetically modified live attenuated vaccine for CanL control.

Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gene Expression Regulation; Iran; Leishmania infantum; Leishmaniasis; Life Cycle Stages; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Paracoccidio-domycosisis a deep mycosis due to a dimorphic fungus:Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The principle endemic country is Brazil. We describe the first case of paracoccidio-domycosis, in its cutaneous-mucosal form, diagnosed in French Guiana.. A 20 year-old Brazilian man, having mover to French Guiana a few months earlier, presented with multiple disseminated cutaneous lesions, predominating on the face, and composed of multiple nodules and two ulcerations. The clinical examination also revealed voluminous superficial lymph nodes and ulcerations of the pharynx and larynx. Direct examination, anatomopathology and culture of cutaneous biopsies revealed specific images of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. HIV serology was negative. Treatment combining cotrimoxazole and itraconazole eliminated the lesions in one month.. Because the patient had just moved to Guiana, this observation probably corresponded to an imported disease. The principle differential diagnosis was leishmaniosis.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents; Antifungal Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Face; Guinea; Humans; Itraconazole; Leishmaniasis; Male; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination