triiodothyronine and Insulin Resistance studies

Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.
3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.

Insulin Resistance: Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Though most of the observational studies have shown that metformin can reduce serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level in patients of hypothyroidism with diabetes or polycystic ovarian disease, randomised controlled trials are sparse."	9.30	Effect of metformin on thyroid function tests in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: an open-label randomised controlled trial. ( Durgia, H; Kamalanathan, S; Kar, SS; Palui, R; Patil, M; Raj, H; Sahoo, J; Sridharan, K, 2019)
"Our hypothesis of free serum triiodothyronine as an intermediate factor in the insulin resistance syndrome is refuted by these data, but we identified free serum triiodothyronine concentrations as a new determinant of blood pressure, insulin production, and fasting insulin in healthy euthyroid subjects."	9.09	Triiodothyronine: a link between the insulin resistance syndrome and blood pressure? ( Bakker, SJ; Gans, RO; Heine, RJ; Popp-Snijders, C; ter Maaten, JC, 1999)
"High levels of free triiodothyronine are associated with insulin resistance."	7.85	Is free triiodothyronine important in the development of insulin resistance in healthy people? ( Benites-Zapata, VA; Guarnizo-Poma, M; Lázaro-Alcántara, H; Prado-Bravo, C; Torres-Mallma, C; Urrunaga-Pastor, D, 2017)
"Exposure to triclosan (TCS), an antibacterial agent, during pregnancy is associated with hypothyroxinemia and decreases in placental glucose transporter expression and activity."	7.85	Exposure of Pregnant Mice to Triclosan Causes Insulin Resistance via Thyroxine Reduction. ( Cao, XY; Chen, L; Hua, X; Sun, P; Wang, XL, 2017)
" Free triiodothyronine correlated positively with all insulin secretion indices in the prediabetes group."	7.81	Positive association of free triiodothyronine with pancreatic β-cell function in people with prediabetes. ( Hangai, M; Honma, H; Ishigaki, Y; Kajiwara, T; Matsui, M; Nagasawa, K; Nakagawa, R; Oda, T; Ono, M; Sasai, T; Satoh, J; Takahashi, K; Takahashi, Y; Takebe, N; Taneichi, H; Togashi, H, 2015)
" The OB group showed weight gain, increased adiposity, insulin resistance, increased leptin levels and genotoxicity; T3 administration in OS animals led to an increase in genotoxicity and oxidative stress when compared with the OB group."	7.79	A comparative genotoxicity study of a supraphysiological dose of triiodothyronine (T₃) in obese rats subjected to either calorie-restricted diet or hyperthyroidism. ( Conde, SJ; Corrêa, CR; de Oliveira, M; De Sibio, MT; Ferreira, AL; Luvizotto, RA; Marino, J; Nogueira, CR; Olimpio, RM; Padovani, CR, 2013)
"Obesity increases the susceptibility to harbor AITD with an emerging role for leptin as a peripheral determinant, which needs to be confirmed in future investigations."	7.76	Investigations of thyroid hormones and antibodies in obesity: leptin levels are associated with thyroid autoimmunity independent of bioanthropometric, hormonal, and weight-related determinants. ( Aimaretti, G; De Medici, C; Di Blasio, A; Guzzaloni, G; Liuzzi, A; Marzullo, P; Minocci, A; Tagliaferri, MA, 2010)
" Aim of the study We sought to evaluate thyroid function and its possible relationship with body mass index (BMI), leptin, adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in euthyroid obese women."	7.73	Relationship of thyroid function with body mass index, leptin, insulin sensitivity and adiponectin in euthyroid obese women. ( Iacobellis, G; Iannucci, CV; Leonetti, F; Ribaudo, MC; Zappaterreno, A, 2005)
"Our aim was to determine whether serum leptin level is regulated by thyroid hormones, lipid metabolic products and insulin resistance status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)."	7.72	Is serum leptin level regulated by thyroid functions, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome? ( Baysal, B; Erel, CT; Gezer, A; Kaleli, S; Senturk, LM; Tasan, E, 2003)
"At baseline, there were significant correlations between plasma leptin and body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass (FFM) and insulin resistance."	7.70	Associations of leptin, insulin resistance and thyroid function with long-term weight loss in dieting obese men. ( Andersson, I; Degerblad, M; Hellström, PM; Kogner, P; Kral, JG; Näslund, E; Rössner, S, 2000)
"Insulin resistance is associated with low thyroid hormone levels in non-diabetic individuals."	5.48	Low total and free triiodothyronine levels are associated with insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals. ( Chang, TC; Huang, KC; Shih, SR; Wang, CY; Yu, TY, 2018)
"Metabolic syndrome was determined by definition of the Joint Interim Statement adjusted for the Iranian population."	5.40	Serum free thyroxine concentration is associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects. ( Amouzegar, A; Azizi, F; Mehran, L; Moayedi, M; Tohidi, M, 2014)
"Carvedilol treatment reversed thyroxin induced hypertriglyceridemia, whereas propranolol treatment had no effect."	5.34	Comparative effectiveness of carvedilol and propranolol on glycemic control and insulin resistance associated with L-thyroxin-induced hyperthyroidism--an experimental study. ( Bhatt, P; Goyal, R; Makwana, D; Santani, D, 2007)
"This is a cross-sectional study in which weight status (BMI-SDS), thyroid function parameters (TSH, free tri-iodothyronine [fT3], and free thyroxine [fT4]), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and thyroid volume (ultrasound) were determined in 617 overweight children (aged 10."	5.34	Thyroid Volume and Thyroid Function Parameters Are Independently Associated with Weight Status in Overweight Children. ( Barth, A; Lass, N; Reinehr, T, 2020)
"Though most of the observational studies have shown that metformin can reduce serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level in patients of hypothyroidism with diabetes or polycystic ovarian disease, randomised controlled trials are sparse."	5.30	Effect of metformin on thyroid function tests in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: an open-label randomised controlled trial. ( Durgia, H; Kamalanathan, S; Kar, SS; Palui, R; Patil, M; Raj, H; Sahoo, J; Sridharan, K, 2019)
"Our hypothesis of free serum triiodothyronine as an intermediate factor in the insulin resistance syndrome is refuted by these data, but we identified free serum triiodothyronine concentrations as a new determinant of blood pressure, insulin production, and fasting insulin in healthy euthyroid subjects."	5.09	Triiodothyronine: a link between the insulin resistance syndrome and blood pressure? ( Bakker, SJ; Gans, RO; Heine, RJ; Popp-Snijders, C; ter Maaten, JC, 1999)
"The aim of the study is to explore the independent association of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance."	4.02	Independent associations of thyroid-related hormones with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in euthyroid overweight/obese Chinese adults. ( Chen, Y; Huang, B; Li, Z; Lin, M; Liu, C; Ma, D; Xiao, F; Yan, F; Ye, J; Zeng, J; Zeng, X; Zheng, X, 2021)
" During pregnancy, leptin concentrations were greater on Days 14 and 21 (P < 0."	3.96	Energy homeostasis in rabbit does during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. ( Andoni, E; Barbato, O; Brecchia, G; Canali, C; Codini, M; Curone, G; Menchetti, L; Quattrone, A; Vigo, D, 2020)
" A positive association was found between free triiodothyronine and metabolic syndrome (OR: 2."	3.91	Metabolic Syndrome, Thyroid Function and Autoimmunity - The PORMETS Study. ( Ferreira, D; Guimarães, JT; Martins, S; Raposo, L; Santos, AC, 2019)
" This study aimed at evaluating the thyroid function and the effects of the triiodothyronine (T3) treatment on glycemia control, insulin sensitivity and subclinical inflammation in cafeteria-diet-induced obesity in rats."	3.88	Beneficial effects of thyroid hormone on adipose inflammation and insulin sensitivity of obese Wistar rats. ( Bargi-Souza, P; Nunes, MT; Panveloski-Costa, AC; Poyares, LL; Serrano-Nascimento, C; Viana, GS, 2018)
"High levels of free triiodothyronine are associated with insulin resistance."	3.85	Is free triiodothyronine important in the development of insulin resistance in healthy people? ( Benites-Zapata, VA; Guarnizo-Poma, M; Lázaro-Alcántara, H; Prado-Bravo, C; Torres-Mallma, C; Urrunaga-Pastor, D, 2017)
"Exposure to triclosan (TCS), an antibacterial agent, during pregnancy is associated with hypothyroxinemia and decreases in placental glucose transporter expression and activity."	3.85	Exposure of Pregnant Mice to Triclosan Causes Insulin Resistance via Thyroxine Reduction. ( Cao, XY; Chen, L; Hua, X; Sun, P; Wang, XL, 2017)
" Detailed anthropometric measurements (including BMI and skinfold thickness) and fasting blood samples (for TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), HbA1c, lipid profile, plasma glucose and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) analysis) were obtained at 28 weeks gestation."	3.83	Maternal hypothyroxinaemia in pregnancy is associated with obesity and adverse maternal metabolic parameters. ( Hattersley, AT; Knight, BA; Shields, BM; Vaidya, B, 2016)
" Serum prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (free T4), free tri-iodothyronine (free T3), insulin resistance (IR) which was estimated by the homeostasis model assessment, thyroidal microsome (anti-TPO), antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), estradiol (E2), and insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) were evaluated, and thyroid volume was calculated by B-mode doppler USG."	3.81	Are there any causes for increased thyroid volume in women with prolactinoma? ( Arduç, A; Berker, D; Doğan, BA; Güler, S; Müslüm Tuna, M; Taşcı, T, 2015)
" Serum free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroperoxidase antibody (anti-TPO Ab) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg Ab), lipid profile, hs-CRP, fasting insulin levels were measured and insulin resistance calculated by HOMA-IR."	3.81	The association of autoimmune thyroiditis and non-functional adrenal incidentalomas with insulin resistance. ( Arslan, MS; Calıskan, M; Delibasi, T; Demirci, T; Erden, G; Karakose, M; Karbek, B; Sahin, M; Topaloglu, O, 2015)
" Free triiodothyronine correlated positively with all insulin secretion indices in the prediabetes group."	3.81	Positive association of free triiodothyronine with pancreatic β-cell function in people with prediabetes. ( Hangai, M; Honma, H; Ishigaki, Y; Kajiwara, T; Matsui, M; Nagasawa, K; Nakagawa, R; Oda, T; Ono, M; Sasai, T; Satoh, J; Takahashi, K; Takahashi, Y; Takebe, N; Taneichi, H; Togashi, H, 2015)
" The OB group showed weight gain, increased adiposity, insulin resistance, increased leptin levels and genotoxicity; T3 administration in OS animals led to an increase in genotoxicity and oxidative stress when compared with the OB group."	3.79	A comparative genotoxicity study of a supraphysiological dose of triiodothyronine (T₃) in obese rats subjected to either calorie-restricted diet or hyperthyroidism. ( Conde, SJ; Corrêa, CR; de Oliveira, M; De Sibio, MT; Ferreira, AL; Luvizotto, RA; Marino, J; Nogueira, CR; Olimpio, RM; Padovani, CR, 2013)
"Studies on thyroid function in obesity yielded inconsistent results; high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were generally shown; high free triiodothyronine (fT)-3 or fT4 levels were described in some, but not in other studies."	3.76	Weight loss through gastric banding: effects on TSH and thyroid hormones in obese subjects with normal thyroid function. ( Barbieri, M; Dall'Asta, C; Folli, F; Morabito, A; Paganelli, M; Paolisso, G; Pontiroli, AE; Vedani, P, 2010)
" Thyroid function was stratified as euthyroid or subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) status and subsequently by free thyroxine (FT(4)) and TSH tertiles."	3.76	TSH and free thyroxine concentrations are associated with differing metabolic markers in euthyroid subjects. ( Aguilar-Salinas, CA; Alvirde-Garcia, U; Arellano-Campos, O; Choza, R; Garay-Sevilla, ME; Garduño-Garcia, Jde J; Gomez-Perez, FJ; López-Carrasco, G; Malacara, JM; Mehta, R; Padilla Mendoza, ME; Sauque, L, 2010)
"Obesity increases the susceptibility to harbor AITD with an emerging role for leptin as a peripheral determinant, which needs to be confirmed in future investigations."	3.76	Investigations of thyroid hormones and antibodies in obesity: leptin levels are associated with thyroid autoimmunity independent of bioanthropometric, hormonal, and weight-related determinants. ( Aimaretti, G; De Medici, C; Di Blasio, A; Guzzaloni, G; Liuzzi, A; Marzullo, P; Minocci, A; Tagliaferri, MA, 2010)
" Additionally, leptin, insulin, and the insulin resistance index HOMA were analyzed in the obese and normal-weight girls."	3.74	Thyroid hormones and their relation to weight status. ( Andler, W; de Sousa, G; Dieffenbach, R; Isa, A; Reinehr, T, 2008)
" Aim of the study We sought to evaluate thyroid function and its possible relationship with body mass index (BMI), leptin, adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in euthyroid obese women."	3.73	Relationship of thyroid function with body mass index, leptin, insulin sensitivity and adiponectin in euthyroid obese women. ( Iacobellis, G; Iannucci, CV; Leonetti, F; Ribaudo, MC; Zappaterreno, A, 2005)
"Our aim was to determine whether serum leptin level is regulated by thyroid hormones, lipid metabolic products and insulin resistance status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)."	3.72	Is serum leptin level regulated by thyroid functions, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome? ( Baysal, B; Erel, CT; Gezer, A; Kaleli, S; Senturk, LM; Tasan, E, 2003)
"At baseline, there were significant correlations between plasma leptin and body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass (FFM) and insulin resistance."	3.70	Associations of leptin, insulin resistance and thyroid function with long-term weight loss in dieting obese men. ( Andersson, I; Degerblad, M; Hellström, PM; Kogner, P; Kral, JG; Näslund, E; Rössner, S, 2000)
"Reduced insulin sensitivity is associated with augmented TSH and fT(4), while progressive central fat accumulation is strictly related to a parallel increase in fT(3) levels, independently from total body fat."	2.77	Thyroid function tests in obese prepubertal children: correlations with insulin sensitivity and body fat distribution. ( Barbetti, F; Brufani, C; Cappa, M; Fintini, D; Manco, M; Nobili, V, 2012)
"It is frequently preceded by gestational diabetes."	2.67	Reduced postprandial energy expenditure in women predisposed to type 2 diabetes. ( Anyaoku, V; Beard, RW; Elkeles, RS; Johnston, DG; Niththyananthan, R; Robinson, S, 1994)
"The incidence of thyroid cancer and metabolic syndrome has been increasing at the same rate over the past few decades."	1.72	The relationship between papillary thyroid cancer and triglyceride/glucose index, which is an indicator of insulin resistance. ( Alkurt, EG; Canal, K; Şahin, F; Turhan, VB; Tutan, B, 2022)
"Thyroid function and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are both associated with increased risks of adverse clinical outcomes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)."	1.56	Association between Thyroid Function and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Euthyroid Type 2 Diabetes Patients. ( Huang, B; Yang, S; Ye, S, 2020)
"Insulin resistance is associated with low thyroid hormone levels in non-diabetic individuals."	1.48	Low total and free triiodothyronine levels are associated with insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals. ( Chang, TC; Huang, KC; Shih, SR; Wang, CY; Yu, TY, 2018)
"Hypothyroidism was considered at a thyroid stimulating hormone level ≥ 4."	1.43	FT3/FT4 ratio predicts non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independent of metabolic parameters in patients with euthyroidism and hypothyroidism. ( Ahbab, S; Ataoğlu, HE; Çetin, F; Gökmen, FY; Mamaç, RY; Türker, BÇ; Türker, F; Yenigün, M, 2016)
"Weight loss was associated with decreases in fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) by 72."	1.40	Impact of body composition during weight change on resting energy expenditure and homeostasis model assessment index in overweight nonsmoking adults. ( Bosy-Westphal, A; Braun, W; Glüer, CC; Müller, MJ; Pourhassan, M; Schautz, B, 2014)
"NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups had slightly higher fasting blood glucose values than the control group."	1.40	Thyroid function in obese children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Bilgin, H; Pirgon, Ö, 2014)
"Metabolic syndrome was determined by definition of the Joint Interim Statement adjusted for the Iranian population."	1.40	Serum free thyroxine concentration is associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects. ( Amouzegar, A; Azizi, F; Mehran, L; Moayedi, M; Tohidi, M, 2014)
"NAFLD was diagnosed by conventional ultrasound examination."	1.40	Thyroid hormone levels in obese children and adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ( Aydın, S; Cesur, Y; Gökçe, S; Özgen, IT; Torun, E, 2014)
"Insulin resistance has been proposed to play a pivotal role in vasoconstriction due to increased oxidative stress."	1.40	Thyroid hormone exacerbates vasoconstriction in insulin resistance: the role of ONOO(-). ( Ding, QL; Guan, QH; Hu, DH; Peng, J; Yan, SM; Zhang, X; Zhang, YT; Zheng, HL, 2014)
"Although overt thyrotoxicosis is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity (IS), the effects of subclinical thyrotoxicosis (SCTox) (i."	1.37	The association of insulin resistance with subclinical thyrotoxicosis. ( Alberto, M; Brenta, G; Niepomniszcze, H; Pusiol, E; Rezzonico, J; Rezzonico, M, 2011)
"Twenty-eight athyreotic thyroid cancer patients (4 male and 24 female; mean age, 52."	1.36	Circulating adiponectin concentrations were related to free thyroxine levels in thyroid cancer patients after thyroid hormone withdrawal. ( Huang, SC; Lin, SY; Sheu, WH, 2010)
"Insulin resistance is closely related to post-THW hypothyroidism in patients of DTC."	1.35	Factors related to clinical hypothyroid severity in thyroid cancer patients after thyroid hormone withdrawal. ( Chang, WD; Huang, SC; Lin, SY; Lin, YH; Sheu, WH; Song, YM; Wu, CC; Wu, VC, 2009)
"Fatty liver is an important complication of obesity; however, regulatory mechanisms mediating altered gene expression patterns have not been identified."	1.35	Thyroid hormone-related regulation of gene expression in human fatty liver. ( Bianco, AC; Boes, T; Dearie, F; Goldfine, AB; Kim, BW; Kim, EY; Mun, E; Nasser, I; Park, PJ; Patti, ME; Pihlajamäki, J; Schroeder, J, 2009)
"The metabolic syndrome was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III criteria."	1.34	Thyroid function is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects. ( Bakker, SJ; Gans, RO; Links, TP; Roos, A; Wolffenbuttel, BH, 2007)
"Carvedilol treatment reversed thyroxin induced hypertriglyceridemia, whereas propranolol treatment had no effect."	1.34	Comparative effectiveness of carvedilol and propranolol on glycemic control and insulin resistance associated with L-thyroxin-induced hyperthyroidism--an experimental study. ( Bhatt, P; Goyal, R; Makwana, D; Santani, D, 2007)
"Insulin sensitivity was assessed by euglycemic insulin clamp method in the rats given Kanechlor (KC)-400 for 1 to 12 weeks."	1.29	[Effect of PCBs on insulin sensitivity in rats]. ( Higaki, Y; Nishizumi, M, 1995)
"To determine the effect of thyroid hormone excess on insulin secretion, metabolism and action in humans, we examined intravenous glucose tolerance, glucose-induced insulin secretion, insulin clearance, monocyte insulin receptor binding, and the dose-response characteristics for the effects of insulin on glucose production, uptake, oxidation, and nonoxidative disposal in 10 normal volunteers for 14 days before and after oral administration of triiodothyronine (T3) in doses that increased plasma T3 to levels observed in spontaneous thyrotoxicosis (P less than 0."	1.27	Effect of thyroid hormone excess on action, secretion, and metabolism of insulin in humans. ( Baker, B; Bergman, R; Dimitriadis, G; Gerich, J; Haymond, M; Mandarino, L; Marsh, H; Rizza, R, 1985)
"Obesity-associated insulin resistance is probably due to a decrease in number of insulin receptors, induced by hyperinsulinemia."	1.26	[Obesity: state of research and therapy]. ( Berchtold, P; Berger, M; Gries, FA; Zimmermann, H, 1980)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	5 (4.85)	18.7374
1990's	5 (4.85)	18.2507
2000's	22 (21.36)	29.6817
2010's	58 (56.31)	24.3611
2020's	13 (12.62)	2.80

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Effects of 4-month Therapy of Levothyroxine on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Diabetes Control in Diabetic Patients[NCT03281083]	Phase 2	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-28	Terminated (stopped due to Difficult recruitment and end of funding.)
"The Metabolically-obese Normal-weight Phenotype in Two Asian Ethnic Groups and Its Reversal by Calorie Restriction"[NCT03239782]		77 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-03-29	Completed
Longitudinal Extension Phase of Sibling Pair Linkage Analysis of Bone Mineral Density / Geometry and Sex Steroid and Thyroid Status in Healthy Young Men[NCT02997033]		709 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-05-31	Completed
Energy Balance Following Islet Transplantation[NCT03063229]		2 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Terminated (stopped due to Unable to recruit participants due to lack of patients eligible at the time)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Heart failure as a multiple hormonal deficiency syndrome. Circulation. Heart failure, 2009, Volume: 2, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Disease Progression; Exercise Tolerance; Heart; Heart Failure; Hormones; Humans; Insulin Re	2009
[Hormone receptor disease (author's transl)]. Horumon to rinsho. Clinical endocrinology, 1980, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome; Antibody Formation; Child, Preschool; Cycl	1980

Article	Year
Thyroid Volume and Thyroid Function Parameters Are Independently Associated with Weight Status in Overweight Children. Hormone research in paediatrics, 2020, Volume: 93, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Body Weight; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insul	2020
Effect of metformin on thyroid function tests in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: an open-label randomised controlled trial. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2019, Volume: 42, Issue:12 Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Insulin Resistance;	2019
Relationships between adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin and insulin resistance in hyperthyroid Graves' disease women. Endokrynologia Polska, 2013, Volume: 64, Issue:1 Topics: Adiponectin; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Middle Aged; Sex Hormone-Binding Gl	2013
Comparative study between the effects of replacement therapy with liquid and tablet formulations of levothyroxine on mood states, self-perceived psychological well-being and thyroid hormone profile in recently thyroidectomized patients. Endocrine, 2017, Volume: 55, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Affect; Drug Compounding; Female; Health Status; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Insulin	2017
Thyroid function tests in obese prepubertal children: correlations with insulin sensitivity and body fat distribution. Hormone research in paediatrics, 2012, Volume: 78, Issue:2 Topics: Adiponectin; Adiposity; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Child; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance	2012
Reduced postprandial energy expenditure in women predisposed to type 2 diabetes. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 1994, Volume: 11, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Temperature Regulation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational;	1994
Triiodothyronine: a link between the insulin resistance syndrome and blood pressure? Journal of hypertension, 1999, Volume: 17, Issue:12 Pt 1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female;	1999

Article	Year
Smoothelin-Like Protein 1 Regulates Development and Metabolic Transformation of Skeletal Muscle in Hyperthyroidism. Frontiers in endocrinology, 2021, Volume: 12 Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Cell Line; Gene Expression Regulation; Glucose; Glycolysis;	2021
Independent associations of thyroid-related hormones with hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in euthyroid overweight/obese Chinese adults. BMC gastroenterology, 2021, Nov-18, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatty Liver; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Overweight;	2021
The effect of obesity-related allostatic changes on cardio-metabolic risk in euthyroid children. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2023, Volume: 46, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cholesterol, HDL; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Pediatric Obesity; Retrosp	2023
The relationship between papillary thyroid cancer and triglyceride/glucose index, which is an indicator of insulin resistance. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2022, Volume: 26, Issue:17 Topics: Blood Glucose; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Retrospective Studies; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary	2022
Central and peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones and glucose metabolism in prepubertal children with obesity: pilot multicenter evaluation. Endocrine, 2023, Volume: 80, Issue:2 Topics: Child; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Overweight; Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome	2023
Central and peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones and glucose metabolism in prepubertal children with obesity: pilot multicenter evaluation. Endocrine, 2023, Volume: 80, Issue:2 Topics: Child; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Overweight; Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome	2023
Central and peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones and glucose metabolism in prepubertal children with obesity: pilot multicenter evaluation. Endocrine, 2023, Volume: 80, Issue:2 Topics: Child; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Overweight; Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome	2023
Central and peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones and glucose metabolism in prepubertal children with obesity: pilot multicenter evaluation. Endocrine, 2023, Volume: 80, Issue:2 Topics: Child; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Overweight; Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome	2023
The insulin resistance is reversed by exogenous 3,5,3'triiodothyronine in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats by an inflammatory-independent pathway. Endocrine, 2020, Volume: 68, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Mu	2020
Urolithin A exerts antiobesity effects through enhancing adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice. PLoS biology, 2020, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Adipocytes, Brown; Adipocytes, White; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Anti-Ob	2020
Energy homeostasis in rabbit does during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. Animal reproduction science, 2020, Volume: 218 Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Female; Homeostasis; Hydrocortisone; Insulin;	2020
High T3 Induces Mediators of inflammation, 2020, Volume: 2020 Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Butylamines; Cell Line; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; Endoplasmic	2020
Association between Thyroid Function and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Euthyroid Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Journal of diabetes research, 2020, Volume: 2020 Topics: Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Non-a	2020
Lower free thyroid hormone levels are associated with high blood glucose and insulin resistance; these normalize with metabolic improvement of type 2 diabetes. Journal of diabetes, 2021, Volume: 13, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabet	2021
Free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) ratio is strongly associated with insulin resistance in euthyroid and hypothyroid adults: a cross-sectional study. Endokrynologia Polska, 2021, Volume: 72, Issue:1 Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Risk	2021
Free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine ratio rather than thyrotropin is more associated with metabolic parameters in healthy euthyroid adult subjects. Clinical endocrinology, 2017, Volume: 87, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Hum	2017
Is free triiodothyronine important in the development of insulin resistance in healthy people? Diabetes & metabolic syndrome, 2017, Volume: 11 Suppl 2 Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Healthy Volunteers; Huma	2017
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, Degree of Obesity, and Metabolic Risk Markers in a Cohort of Swedish Children with Obesity. Hormone research in paediatrics, 2017, Volume: 88, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Ins	2017
Insulin Resistance and Glucose Levels in Subjects with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2017, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fasting; Female; Goiter, Nodular; Humans;	2017
Hormetic effect of triiodothyronine in metabolically healthy obese persons. Endocrine, 2017, Volume: 57, Issue:3 Topics: Academic Medical Centers; Adiposity; Adult; Body Mass Index; Female; Hormesis; Humans; Incidence; In	2017
Exposure of Pregnant Mice to Triclosan Causes Insulin Resistance via Thyroxine Reduction. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2017, Nov-01, Volume: 160, Issue:1 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Diabetes, Gestatio	2017
Beneficial effects of thyroid hormone on adipose inflammation and insulin sensitivity of obese Wistar rats. Physiological reports, 2018, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Feedback, Physiological; Insulin Resistance; Male	2018
Low total and free triiodothyronine levels are associated with insulin resistance in non-diabetic individuals. Scientific reports, 2018, Jul-16, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin Resistan	2018
Metabolic Syndrome, Thyroid Function and Autoimmunity - The PORMETS Study. Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2019, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoimmune Diseases; Blood Pressure; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin R	2019
Heterogeneity of Thyroid Function and Impact of Peripheral Thyroxine Deiodination in Centenarians and Semi-Supercentenarians: Association With Functional Status and Mortality. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2019, 05-16, Volume: 74, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Blood Proteins; Cholesterol, HDL; Cognition; Depression; Disability	2019
Association of serum thyrotropin levels with coronary artery disease documented by quantitative coronary angiography: a transversal study. Archives of endocrinology and metabolism, 2018, Volume: 62, Issue:4 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Cholesterol; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Stenosis; Cr	2018
A comparative genotoxicity study of a supraphysiological dose of triiodothyronine (T₃) in obese rats subjected to either calorie-restricted diet or hyperthyroidism. PloS one, 2013, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Body Composition; Body Weight; Caloric Restriction; Comet Assay; Energy Int	2013
Cardiac expression of human type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase increases glucose metabolism and protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction in male mice. Endocrinology, 2013, Volume: 154, Issue:10 Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Doxorubicin; Glucose; Glucose C	2013
Association between thyroid hormones and body fat in euthyroid subjects. Clinical endocrinology, 2014, Volume: 80, Issue:4 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Ins	2014
Recovery of insulin sensitivity and Slc2a4 mRNA expression depend on T3 hormone during refeeding. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2014, Volume: 63, Issue:3 Topics: Amino Acids; Animal Feed; Animals; Blood Glucose; Glucose; Glucose Transporter Type 4; Insulin; Insu	2014
Impact of body composition during weight change on resting energy expenditure and homeostasis model assessment index in overweight nonsmoking adults. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2014, Volume: 99, Issue:4 Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Basal Metabolism; Body Mass Index; Diet, Reducing; Energy Metabolism; Female; Foll	2014
Thyroid hormone exacerbates vasoconstriction in insulin resistance: the role of ONOO(-). European journal of pharmacology, 2014, May-05, Volume: 730 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cell Line; Hyperthyroidism; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin Resistance; Male; N	2014
Thyroid hormone levels in obese children and adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology, 2014, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Child; Fatty Liver; Female; Follow-Up S	2014
Serum free thyroxine concentration is associated with metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2014, Volume: 24, Issue:11 Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Iran;	2014
Postnatal exposure to a high-carbohydrate diet interferes epigenetically with thyroid hormone receptor induction of the adult male rat skeletal muscle glucose transporter isoform 4 expression. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2014, Volume: 25, Issue:10 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cells, Cultured; CpG Islands; CREB-Binding Protein; Dietary Carbohydrates	2014
Thyroid function in obese children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology, 2014, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Child; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin	2014
Positive association of free triiodothyronine with pancreatic β-cell function in people with prediabetes. Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2015, Volume: 32, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Insulin; Ins	2015
The effect of metformin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with type 2 diabetes and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 2015, Volume: 123, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypogl	2015
Brown Adipose Tissue Transplantation Reverses Obesity in Ob/Ob Mice. Endocrinology, 2015, Volume: 156, Issue:7 Topics: Adiponectin; Adipose Tissue; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Adipose Tissue, White; Animals; Energy Metabolis	2015
The association of autoimmune thyroiditis and non-functional adrenal incidentalomas with insulin resistance. Archives of endocrinology and metabolism, 2015, Volume: 59, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Aged; Autoantibodies; Blood Glucose; Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol, HDL	2015
Are there any causes for increased thyroid volume in women with prolactinoma? Annales d'endocrinologie, 2015, Volume: 76, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I;	2015
Maternal hypothyroxinaemia in pregnancy is associated with obesity and adverse maternal metabolic parameters. European journal of endocrinology, 2016, Volume: 174, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Female; Gestational Age; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypo	2016
Thyroid hormone reduces inflammatory cytokines improving glycaemia control in alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats. Acta physiologica (Oxford, England), 2016, Volume: 217, Issue:2 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Alloxan; Animals; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Inflamm	2016
FT3/FT4 ratio predicts non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independent of metabolic parameters in patients with euthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 2016, Volume: 71, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cholesterol; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic	2016
Thyrotropin Levels Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Euthyroid Adolescents. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2016, Volume: 26, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dys	2016
3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) reduces blood glucose independently of insulin sensitization in obese mice. Acta physiologica (Oxford, England), 2017, Volume: 220, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diet, High-Fat; Diiodothyronines; Energy Metabolism; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; I	2017
The relationship between thyroid function and metabolic changes in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2017, Volume: 33, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Apolipoproteins A; Apolipoproteins B; Body Mass Index; China; Cholesterol; Female; Follicle S	2017
High dose of radioactive iodine per se has no effect on glucose metabolism in thyroidectomized rats. Endocrine, 2017, Volume: 56, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Glucose Tolerance Test; Insulin; Insulin Resistance	2017
Change of visfatin, C-reactive protein concentrations, and insulin sensitivity in patients with hyperthyroidism. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2008, Volume: 57, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Carbimazole; Cytokines; Female; Graves	2008
Factors related to clinical hypothyroid severity in thyroid cancer patients after thyroid hormone withdrawal. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Carcinoma, Papillary, Follicular; Cholesterol; Female; Homeostasis; Humans;	2009
Acute thyroid hormone withdrawal in athyreotic patients results in a state of insulin resistance. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:6 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Medullary; Carcinoma, Papillary; Female; Glucose Tolerance Te	2009
Thyroid hormone-related regulation of gene expression in human fatty liver. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2009, Volume: 94, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fatty Liver; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Heat-Sho	2009
Association between thyroid hormones, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Saudi medical journal, 2009, Volume: 30, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic	2009
Circulating adiponectin concentrations were related to free thyroxine levels in thyroid cancer patients after thyroid hormone withdrawal. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 2010, Volume: 59, Issue:2 Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Iodine Ra	2010
Weight loss through gastric banding: effects on TSH and thyroid hormones in obese subjects with normal thyroid function. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2010, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Female; Humans; Insul	2010
Thyroid function and insulin sensitivity before and after bilio-pancreatic diversion. Obesity surgery, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Biliopancreatic Diversion; Body Composition; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Insulin Resistan	2010
Effects of long-term calorie restriction and endurance exercise on glucose tolerance, insulin action, and adipokine production. Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2010, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Adipokines; Analysis of Variance; Area Under Curve; Body Composition; Caloric Restriction; Case-Cont	2010
TSH and free thyroxine concentrations are associated with differing metabolic markers in euthyroid subjects. European journal of endocrinology, 2010, Volume: 163, Issue:2 Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, HDL; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Hu	2010
Investigations of thyroid hormones and antibodies in obesity: leptin levels are associated with thyroid autoimmunity independent of bioanthropometric, hormonal, and weight-related determinants. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2010, Volume: 95, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body W	2010
Adipokine profile and insulin sensitivity in formerly obese women subjected to bariatric surgery or diet-induced long-term caloric restriction. The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2010, Volume: 65, Issue:9 Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Bariatric Surgery; Body Mass Index; Caloric Restriction; Case-Control Studies; C	2010
Relationship between metabolic parameters and thyroid hormones and the level of gastric peptides in children with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM, 2010, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Blood Glucose; Child; Female; Ghrelin; Goiter; Graves Disease; Hashimoto Disease; Humans	2010
Thyroid hormone potentiates insulin signaling and attenuates hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. British journal of pharmacology, 2011, Volume: 162, Issue:3 Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; Adipocytes; Animals; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Blood Glucose; Bloo	2011
Thyroid hormones are positively associated with insulin resistance early in the development of type 2 diabetes. Endocrine, 2011, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fasting; Female; Food; Glucose Intolerance; Humans;	2011
T3/rT3-ratio is associated with insulin resistance independent of TSH. Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2011, Volume: 43, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insu	2011
Thyroid hormone levels predict the change in body weight: a prospective study. European journal of clinical investigation, 2011, Volume: 41, Issue:11 Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Body Weight; Cohort Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Insulin Resistan	2011
Associations of polychlorinated biphenyl exposure and endogenous hormones with diabetes in post-menopausal women previously employed at a capacitor manufacturing plant. Environmental research, 2011, Volume: 111, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol; Cohort Studies; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfa	2011
The association of insulin resistance with subclinical thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2011, Volume: 21, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Argentina; Asymptomatic Diseases; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose	2011
Lower free thyroxin associates with a less favorable metabolic phenotype in healthy pregnant women. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2011, Volume: 96, Issue:12 Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Thyroid Fu	2011
Insulin resistance in nodular thyroid disease. Endocrine research, 2011, Volume: 36, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Logistic Models; Male; Mid	2011
T3 rapidly increases SLC2A4 gene expression and GLUT4 trafficking to the plasma membrane in skeletal muscle of rat and improves glucose homeostasis. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cell Membrane; Gene Expression; Glucose; Glucose Transporter Type 4; In	2012
Relation with HOMA-IR and thyroid hormones in obese Turkish women with metabolic syndrome. Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 2012, Volume: 17, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies;	2012
Metabolic changes enhance the cardiovascular risk with differentiated thyroid carcinoma--a case control study from Manipal Teaching Hospital of Nepal. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2012, Volume: 13, Issue:5 Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Cell Differentiation; Female; Humans; Ins	2012
Fatty acid amide hydrolase ablation promotes ectopic lipid storage and insulin resistance due to centrally mediated hypothyroidism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012, Sep-11, Volume: 109, Issue:37 Topics: Amides; Amidohydrolases; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Arachidonic Acids; Chromatography, Liquid; E	2012
Body composition and metabolic parameters are associated with variation in thyroid hormone levels among euthyroid young men. European journal of endocrinology, 2012, Volume: 167, Issue:5 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Biomarkers; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Carrier Proteins; Confounding	2012
A hypothesis of synergism: the interrelationship of T3 and insulin to disturbances in metabolic homeostasis. Medical hypotheses, 2002, Volume: 59, Issue:6 Topics: GTP-Binding Proteins; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Diseases; Models,	2002
Hyperuricemia in hypothyroidism: is it associated with post-insulin infusion glycemic response? The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 2003, Volume: 199, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Creatinine; Erythrocytes; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Hypothyroidism; Insuli	2003
Is serum leptin level regulated by thyroid functions, lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome? Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology, 2003, Volume: 17, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Choleste	2003
Effects of moderate hyperthyroidism and time relative to feeding on tissue responsiveness to insulin in sheep. Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology, 2003, Volume: 136, Issue:3 Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Glucose Clamp Technique; Hyperthyroidism; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Metabol	2003
Hypothyroidism in rats decreases peripheral glucose utilisation, a defect partially corrected by central leptin infusion. Diabetologia, 2005, Volume: 48, Issue:4 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Glucose; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; Energy Metabolism; Fatty A	2005
The metabolic actions of thyroid hormone and leptin: a mandatory interplay or not? Diabetologia, 2005, Volume: 48, Issue:4 Topics: AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Glucose; Hypothyroidism; Insulin Resistan	2005
Relationship of thyroid function with body mass index, leptin, insulin sensitivity and adiponectin in euthyroid obese women. Clinical endocrinology, 2005, Volume: 62, Issue:4 Topics: Adiponectin; Adult; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Inter	2005
Hyperthyroidism is associated with higher plasma endothelin-1 concentrations. Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2006, Volume: 231, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Antithyroid Agents; Case-Control Studies; Endothelin-1; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Insul	2006
Thyroid function is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome in euthyroid subjects. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2007, Volume: 92, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Female; Homeostasis; Human	2007
Free triiodothyronine and thyroid stimulating hormone are directly associated with waist circumference, independently of insulin resistance, metabolic parameters and blood pressure in overweight and obese women. Clinical endocrinology, 2007, Volume: 67, Issue:2 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Tempe	2007
Comparative effectiveness of carvedilol and propranolol on glycemic control and insulin resistance associated with L-thyroxin-induced hyperthyroidism--an experimental study. Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 2007, Volume: 85, Issue:5 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Appetite; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Body	2007
Obesity increases free thyroxine proportionally to nonesterified fatty acid concentrations in adult neutered female cats. The Journal of endocrinology, 2007, Volume: 194, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Cats; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Progression; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; I	2007
Growth hormone treatment of adults with Prader-Willi syndrome and growth hormone deficiency improves lean body mass, fractional body fat, and serum triiodothyronine without glucose impairment: results from the United States multicenter trial. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2008, Volume: 93, Issue:4 Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Body Composition; Bone Density; Female; Glucose; Human Growth Hor	2008
Thyroid hormones and their relation to weight status. Hormone research, 2008, Volume: 70, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Body Weight; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resis	2008
[Hormone receptor abnormalities]. Horumon to rinsho. Clinical endocrinology, 1983, Volume: 31, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Mellitus; Endocrine System Diseases; Fema	1983
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Effect of triiodothyronine on muscle cell differentiation and blood glucose level in hyperglycemic KK mice. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 1997, Jun-27, Volume: 235, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Cell Differentiation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gl	1997
Associations of leptin, insulin resistance and thyroid function with long-term weight loss in dieting obese men. Journal of internal medicine, 2000, Volume: 248, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Behavior Therapy; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Diet, Reducing; Energy Meta	2000
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Effect of thyroid hormone excess on action, secretion, and metabolism of insulin in humans. The American journal of physiology, 1985, Volume: 248, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Basal Metabolism; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Female; Humans; Hyp	1985

triiodothyronine and Insulin Resistance

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (103)

Authors

Clinical Trials (4)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Major, E	1
Győry, F	1
Horváth, D	1
Keller, I	1
Tamás, I	1
Uray, K	1
Fülöp, P	1
Lontay, B	1
Ma, D	1
Zeng, J	1
Huang, B	2
Yan, F	1
Ye, J	1
Chen, Y	2
Zeng, X	1
Zheng, X	1
Xiao, F	1
Lin, M	1
Liu, C	1
Li, Z	1
Tropeano, A	1
Corica, D	3
Curatola, S	3
Li Pomi, A	1
Casto, C	1
Alibrandi, A	3
Pepe, G	1
Aversa, T	3
Wasniewska, M	3
Alkurt, EG	1
Şahin, F	1
Tutan, B	1
Canal, K	1
Turhan, VB	1
Licenziati, MR	2
Calcaterra, V	2
Currò, M	2
Di Mento, C	2
Zuccotti, G	2
Ientile, R	2
Panveloski-Costa, AC	3
Kuwabara, WMT	1
Munhoz, AC	1
Lucena, CF	1
Curi, R	1
Carpinelli, AR	1
Nunes, MT	5
Xia, B	1
Shi, XC	1
Xie, BC	1
Zhu, MQ	1
Chu, XY	1
Cai, GH	1
Liu, M	1
Yang, SZ	1
Mitchell, GA	1
Pang, WJ	1
Wu, JW	1
Menchetti, L	1
Andoni, E	1
Barbato, O	1
Canali, C	1
Quattrone, A	1
Vigo, D	1
Codini, M	1
Curone, G	1
Brecchia, G	1
Liang, B	1
Liu, L	2
Huang, H	1
Li, L	1
Zhou, J	1
Yang, S	1
Ye, S	1
Gu, L	1
Yang, J	1
Gong, Y	1
Ma, Y	1
Yan, S	1
Huang, Y	2
Wang, Y	1
Peng, Y	1
Lass, N	1
Barth, A	1
Reinehr, T	2
Štěpánek, L	2
Horáková, D	1
Janout, V	1
Janoutová, J	1
Bouchalová, K	1
Martiník, K	1
Park, SY	1
Park, SE	1
Jung, SW	1
Jin, HS	1
Park, IB	1
Ahn, SV	1
Lee, S	1
Benites-Zapata, VA	1
Urrunaga-Pastor, D	1
Torres-Mallma, C	1
Prado-Bravo, C	1
Guarnizo-Poma, M	1
Lázaro-Alcántara, H	1
Lundbäck, V	1
Ekbom, K	1
Hagman, E	1
Dahlman, I	1
Marcus, C	1
Khan, SH	1
Fazal, N	1
Ijaz, A	1
Manzoor, SM	1
Asif, N	1
Rafi, T	1
Yasir, M	1
Niazi, NK	1
Jun, JE	1
Kim, TH	1
Lee, SE	1
Lee, YB	1
Jee, JH	1
Bae, JC	1
Jin, SM	1
Hur, KY	1
Kim, JH	2
Kim, SW	1
Chung, JH	1
Min, YK	1
Lee, MK	1
Hua, X	1
Cao, XY	1
Wang, XL	1
Sun, P	1
Chen, L	1
Serrano-Nascimento, C	2
Bargi-Souza, P	1
Poyares, LL	1
Viana, GS	1
Wang, CY	1
Yu, TY	1
Shih, SR	1
Huang, KC	1
Chang, TC	1
Raposo, L	1
Martins, S	1
Ferreira, D	1
Guimarães, JT	1
Santos, AC	1
Ostan, R	1
Monti, D	1
Mari, D	1
Arosio, B	1
Gentilini, D	1
Ferri, E	1
Passarino, G	1
De Rango, F	1
D'Aquila, P	1
Mariotti, S	1
Pasquali, R	1
Fanelli, F	1
Bucci, L	1
Franceschi, C	1
Vitale, G	1
Ortolani, PD	1
Romaldini, JH	1
Guerra, RA	1
Portes, ES	1
Meireles, GCX	1
Pimenta, J	1
Palui, R	1
Sahoo, J	1
Kamalanathan, S	1
Kar, SS	1
Sridharan, K	1
Durgia, H	1
Raj, H	1
Patil, M	1
Siemińska, L	1
Foltyn, W	1
Głogowska-Szeląg, J	1
Kajdaniuk, D	1
Marek, B	1
Nowak, M	1
Walczak, K	1
Kos-Kudła, B	1
De Sibio, MT	1
Luvizotto, RA	1
Olimpio, RM	1
Corrêa, CR	1
Marino, J	1
de Oliveira, M	1
Conde, SJ	1
Ferreira, AL	1
Padovani, CR	1
Nogueira, CR	1
Hong, EG	1
Kim, BW	2
Jung, DY	1
Yu, T	1
Seixas Da Silva, W	1
Friedline, RH	1
Bianco, SD	1
Seslar, SP	1
Wakimoto, H	1
Berul, CI	1
Russell, KS	1
Lee, KW	1
Larsen, PR	1
Bianco, AC	2
Kim, JK	1
Ren, R	1
Jiang, X	1
Zhang, X	2
Guan, Q	1
Yu, C	1
Li, Y	2
Gao, L	1
Zhang, H	1
Zhao, J	1
Zanquetta, MM	1
Alves-Wagner, AB	1
Mori, RC	1
Campello, RS	1
Machado, UF	2
Pourhassan, M	1
Bosy-Westphal, A	1
Schautz, B	1
Braun, W	1
Glüer, CC	1
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