triiodothyronine and Disease Models, Animal studies

Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.
3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.

Disease Models, Animal: Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Considering the recognized role of thyroid hormones on the cardiovascular system during health and disease, we hypothesized that type 2 deiodinase (D2) activity, the main activation pathway of thyroxine (T4)-to-triiodothyronine (T3), could be an important site to modulate thyroid hormone status, which would then constitute a possible target for β-adrenergic blocking agents in a myocardial infarction (MI) model induced by left coronary occlusion in rats."	7.91	Propranolol inhibits myocardial infarction-induced brown adipose tissue D2 activation and maintains a low thyroid hormone state in rats. ( Araujo, IG; Império, GE; Marassi, MP; Mecawi, AS; Olivares, EL; Reis, LC; Seara, FAC; Silva, ACM, 2019)
"We assessed the efficacy of biodegradable microspheres (MSs) containing nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) for treatment of endometriosis in a rat model and investigated its preliminary mechanism of action."	7.80	Evaluation of biodegradable microspheres containing nomegestrol acetate in a rat model of endometriosis. ( Chen, Q; Guo, X; Hao, S; Huang, Y; Li, Z; Xie, S; Zhang, J; Zhou, J; Zhou, X; Zhu, Y, 2014)
" The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU), and of the hypothyroidism induced by it, on the development of cutaneous and pulmonary fibrosis in the oxidant stress murine model of SSc."	7.79	Propylthiouracil prevents cutaneous and pulmonary fibrosis in the reactive oxygen species murine model of systemic sclerosis. ( Altavilla, D; Atteritano, M; Bagnato, G; Bitto, A; Cinquegrani, M; Irrera, N; Pizzino, G; Roberts, W; Saitta, A; Sangari, D; Squadrito, F, 2013)
"We investigated the combined roles of a low-nutrition diet (low levels of protein, iodine, and selenium) and T-2 toxin in bone development and to establish an experimental animal model of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) that reliably mimics the disease's pathological changes for further study of the pathogenesis and prevention of the disease."	7.79	An animal model of Kashin-Beck disease induced by a low-nutrition diet and exposure to T-2 toxin. ( Kang, P; Pei, F; Shen, B; Yang, J; Yao, Y; Zhou, Z, 2013)
"This study analyzed the effects of the chronic administration of clofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonist, on the development and established hemodynamic, morphologic, metabolic, and renal manifestations of hyperthyroidism in rats."	7.74	Clofibrate prevents and reverses the hemodynamic manifestations of hyperthyroidism in rats. ( Cruz, A; Moreno, JM; Osuna, A; Rodríguez-Gómez, I; Soler, A; Vargas, F, 2008)
" Serum T4 and T3 concentrations of mice were found to rise immediately before the onset of muscle necrosis in the mdx mouse, and induction of hypothyroidism by treatment of animals with propylthiouracil was found to delay the onset of muscle necrosis."	7.70	Effect of propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism on the onset of skeletal muscle necrosis in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. ( Beckett, GJ; Catapano, M; Davis, A; Helliwell, TR; Jackson, MJ; McArdle, A, 1998)
" Four groups of rat dams, namely control, Group I, II and III were treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) in water for different length of time during pregnancy and nursing periods."	7.70	Effect of propylthiouracil induced hypothyroidism in developing rat cerebellum: comparison of cerebellar parameters in five day old normal and treated rat pups. ( Mwangi, DK, 1998)
"We investigated the effects of T3 treatment on the depression-like behavior in male transgenic 3xTg-AD mice."	5.72	Triiodothyronine Treatment reverses Depression-Like Behavior in a triple-transgenic animal model of Alzheimer's Disease. ( Britto, LRG; da Conceição, RR; da Silva, REC; de Souza, JS; de Souza, TJL; do Nascimento, BPP; Giannocco, G; Laureano-Melo, R; Maciel, RMB; Maglione, AV; Penatti, CAA; Ribeiro, MO; Sato, MA, 2022)
" Furthermore, brain kynurenic acid levels and KATs activities were evaluated in experimental model of hypothyroidism, induced by chronic administration of 0."	5.56	Experimental hypothyroidism raises brain kynurenic acid - Novel aspect of thyroid dysfunction. ( Tomczyk, T; Urbańska, EM, 2020)
"The "sick euthyroid syndrome" is also seen in association with significant illnesses and consists of decreased levels of circulating triiodothyronine (T3)."	5.31	The effects of triiodothyronine augmentation on antithrombin III levels in sepsis. ( Chapital, AD; Hendrick, SR; Lloyd, L; Pieper, D, 2001)
"Hypothyroidism is a common pathological condition characterized by insufficient activity of the thyroid hormones (THs), thyroxine (T4), and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), in the whole body or in specific tissues."	4.02	Thyroid Hormones Regulate Goblet Cell Differentiation and Fgf19-Fgfr4 Signaling. ( Appelbaum, L; Blitz, E; Guenther, S; Kubota, Y; Lerer-Goldshtein, T; Matsuda, H; Morikawa, T; Stainier, DYR; Zada, D, 2021)
"Considering the recognized role of thyroid hormones on the cardiovascular system during health and disease, we hypothesized that type 2 deiodinase (D2) activity, the main activation pathway of thyroxine (T4)-to-triiodothyronine (T3), could be an important site to modulate thyroid hormone status, which would then constitute a possible target for β-adrenergic blocking agents in a myocardial infarction (MI) model induced by left coronary occlusion in rats."	3.91	Propranolol inhibits myocardial infarction-induced brown adipose tissue D2 activation and maintains a low thyroid hormone state in rats. ( Araujo, IG; Império, GE; Marassi, MP; Mecawi, AS; Olivares, EL; Reis, LC; Seara, FAC; Silva, ACM, 2019)
"Heterozygous mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor alpha (THRA) gene cause resistance to thyroid hormone alpha (RTHα), a disease characterized by variable manifestations reminiscent of untreated congenital hypothyroidism but a raised triiodothyronine/thyroxine ratio and normal thyrotropin levels."	3.85	In vivo Functional Consequences of Human THRA Variants Expressed in the Zebrafish. ( Carra, S; Cotelli, F; Marelli, F; Persani, L; Rurale, G, 2017)
"We assessed the efficacy of biodegradable microspheres (MSs) containing nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) for treatment of endometriosis in a rat model and investigated its preliminary mechanism of action."	3.80	Evaluation of biodegradable microspheres containing nomegestrol acetate in a rat model of endometriosis. ( Chen, Q; Guo, X; Hao, S; Huang, Y; Li, Z; Xie, S; Zhang, J; Zhou, J; Zhou, X; Zhu, Y, 2014)
"We investigated the combined roles of a low-nutrition diet (low levels of protein, iodine, and selenium) and T-2 toxin in bone development and to establish an experimental animal model of Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) that reliably mimics the disease's pathological changes for further study of the pathogenesis and prevention of the disease."	3.79	An animal model of Kashin-Beck disease induced by a low-nutrition diet and exposure to T-2 toxin. ( Kang, P; Pei, F; Shen, B; Yang, J; Yao, Y; Zhou, Z, 2013)
" The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU), and of the hypothyroidism induced by it, on the development of cutaneous and pulmonary fibrosis in the oxidant stress murine model of SSc."	3.79	Propylthiouracil prevents cutaneous and pulmonary fibrosis in the reactive oxygen species murine model of systemic sclerosis. ( Altavilla, D; Atteritano, M; Bagnato, G; Bitto, A; Cinquegrani, M; Irrera, N; Pizzino, G; Roberts, W; Saitta, A; Sangari, D; Squadrito, F, 2013)
" Cardiac hypertrophy, structural remodeling, and expression of the genes associated with fatty acid metabolism were examined in rats treated with triiodothyronine (T3) alone (8 μg/100 g body weight (BW), i."	3.79	Hyperthyroidism causes cardiac dysfunction by mitochondrial impairment and energy depletion. ( Bandyopadhyay, A; Chander, V; De, K; Kar, D; Maity, S, 2013)
"Hyperthyroidism is characterized by increased vascular relaxation and decreased vascular contraction and is associated with augmented levels of triiodothyronine (T3) that contribute to the diminished systemic vascular resistance found in this condition."	3.79	Emerging role of angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R)/Akt/NO pathway in vascular smooth muscle cell in the hyperthyroidism. ( Barreto-Chaves, ML; Bruno-Fortes, Z; Carrillo-Sepúlveda, MA; Carvalho, MH; Ceravolo, GS; Furstenau, CR; Laurindo, FR; Monteiro, Pde S; Tostes, RC; Webb, RC, 2013)
"We followed up the somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in triiodothyronine (T3)-treated and untreated experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) Dark-Agouti female rats during the electrical stimulation of the tail nerve."	3.78	Functional and molecular evidence of myelin- and neuroprotection by thyroid hormone administration in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. ( Baiguera, C; Calzà, L; D'Intino, G; Dell'Acqua, ML; Filippi, MM; Giardino, L; Lorenzini, L; Panetta, V; Paradisi, M; Pasqualetti, P; Pizzi, M; Rossini, PM; Sivilia, S, 2012)
"To analyze the influence of hyperthyroidism on the gene expression and serum concentration of leptin, resistin, and adiponectin in obese animals."	3.78	Experimental hyperthyroidism decreases gene expression and serum levels of adipokines in obesity. ( Cicogna, AC; Conde, SJ; de Síbio, MT; do Nascimento, AF; Leopoldo, AS; Lima-Leopoldo, AP; Luvizotto, Rde A; Nogueira, CR; Olímpio, RM, 2012)
" Hypothyroidism was induced in C57BL/6J mice by feeding with propylthiouracil (PTU)."	3.78	Thyroid hormone induces sprouting angiogenesis in adult heart of hypothyroid mice through the PDGF-Akt pathway. ( Beyer, AJ; Chen, J; Gerdes, AM; Nareddy, VB; Ortmeier, SB; Savinova, OV; Wang, D, 2012)
" In normal female rats, the sera total thyroxine (TT4) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) levels were detectably increased at day 10 post-partum than those at day 10 of pregnancy."	3.78	Effects of experimentally induced maternal hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on the development of rat offspring: II-the developmental pattern of neurons in relation to oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system. ( Abd El-Tawab, SM; Ahmed, OM; Ahmed, RG; El-Bakry, AM; El-Gareib, AW, 2012)
" Pax8(-/-) mice are incapable of synthesizing thyroxine and serve as a model for congenital hypothyroidism."	3.76	Developmental changes of cone opsin expression but not retinal morphology in the hypothyroid Pax8 knockout mouse. ( Glaschke, A; Glösmann, M; Peichl, L, 2010)
"Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) often have low serum triiodothyronine (T(3)) concentrations."	3.75	Physiological replacement of T3 improves left ventricular function in an animal model of myocardial infarction-induced congestive heart failure. ( Danzi, S; Henderson, KK; Klein, I; Leya, G; Paul, JT; Samarel, AM, 2009)
"The low plasma triiodothyronine (T3) observed during prolonged critical illness can be explained in part by suppressed hepatic deiodinase type I (D1) and increased D3 activity."	3.74	Regulation of tissue iodothyronine deiodinase activity in a model of prolonged critical illness. ( Darras, VM; Debaveye, Y; Ellger, B; Mebis, L; Van den Berghe, G, 2008)
"This study analyzed the effects of the chronic administration of clofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) agonist, on the development and established hemodynamic, morphologic, metabolic, and renal manifestations of hyperthyroidism in rats."	3.74	Clofibrate prevents and reverses the hemodynamic manifestations of hyperthyroidism in rats. ( Cruz, A; Moreno, JM; Osuna, A; Rodríguez-Gómez, I; Soler, A; Vargas, F, 2008)
"Hyperthyroidism was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by daily injections of triiodothyronine in a dose of 12."	3.74	Hyperthyroidism induces apoptosis in rat liver through activation of death receptor-mediated pathways. ( Godbole, MM; Koji, T; Kumar, A; Manhas, N; Pal, L; Rastogi, L; Sahu, RP; Shrivastava, A; Singh, R; Sinha, RA; Tiwari, M, 2007)
"Hyperthyroidism was induced by treating rats with L-thyroxine (12 mg/L) in the drinking water for 21 days."	3.72	Decreased activity and expression of intestinal oligopeptide transporter PEPT1 in rats with hyperthyroidism in vivo. ( Ashida, K; Inui, K; Katsura, T; Saito, H, 2004)
"Propylthiouracil effectively causes primary hypothyroidism."	3.72	Effects of propylthiouracil and bromocryptine on serum concentrations of thyrotrophin and thyroid hormones in normal female horses. ( Ellersieck, MR; Ganjam, VK; Johnson, PJ; Loch, WE; Messer, NT; Refsal, KR; Thompson, DL, 2003)
" Serum T4 and T3 concentrations of mice were found to rise immediately before the onset of muscle necrosis in the mdx mouse, and induction of hypothyroidism by treatment of animals with propylthiouracil was found to delay the onset of muscle necrosis."	3.70	Effect of propylthiouracil-induced hypothyroidism on the onset of skeletal muscle necrosis in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice. ( Beckett, GJ; Catapano, M; Davis, A; Helliwell, TR; Jackson, MJ; McArdle, A, 1998)
" Four groups of rat dams, namely control, Group I, II and III were treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) in water for different length of time during pregnancy and nursing periods."	3.70	Effect of propylthiouracil induced hypothyroidism in developing rat cerebellum: comparison of cerebellar parameters in five day old normal and treated rat pups. ( Mwangi, DK, 1998)
"Hyperthyroidism was induced by subcutaneous injections of L-thyroxine (T(4)) (500 mg/kg/day) for 3 days in order to study whether adrenergic and muscarinic receptor-mediated vascular responses alter at an early stage of the disease."	3.70	Changes in vascular reactivity induced by acute hyperthyroidism in isolated rat aortae. ( Honda, H; Iwata, T; Kogo, H; Mochizuki, T, 2000)
" To test this, positive inotropic and vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine were measured in isolated tissues from rats with experimentally-induced hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and diabetes as well as in genetically spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR)."	3.69	Disease-induced changes in alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated cardiac and vascular responses in rats. ( Amos, G; Brown, L; Miller, B, 1994)
" Hyperthyroidism was induced by enteral administration of five doses of 90 micrograms of triiodothyronine every second day to 8-week-old rats."	3.69	Quantity of Na/K-ATPase and glucose transporters in the plasma membrane of rat adipocytes is reduced by in vivo triiodothyronine. ( Handberg, A; Tranum-Jensen, J; Vinten, J; Voldstedlund, M, 1995)
" There were no alterations in body weight or plasma levels of triiodotHyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)."	3.69	Long-term antiepileptic effects of chronic intake of CNK-602A, a thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue, on spontaneously epileptic rats. ( Fujita, Y; Ishihara, K; Kimura, K; Momiyama, T; Sasa, M; Serikawa, T; Todo, N, 1996)
"Triiodothyronine induced hyperthyroidism caused significantly elevated basal and stimulated glucose and insulin levels in rats."	3.67	Effect of GIP on insulin release to intravenous glucose infusion in hyperthyroid rats. ( Brown, JC; Goebell, H; Hellwig, J; Müller, MK; Schäfer, A, 1986)
"The main objective of this study was to determine whether the principal abnormality of thyroid function observed in patients with chronic renal failure, low serum triiodothyronine (T(3)) concentration, causes hypothyroidism at the tissue level."	3.66	Thyroid function in a uremic rat model. Evidence suggesting tissue hypothyroidism. ( Henriquez, C; Lim, VS; Martino, E; Refetoff, S; Seo, H, 1980)
"In a rabbit model of prolonged critical illness, gene expression levels of MCT8 in liver and of MCT10 in skeletal muscle were increased as compared with healthy controls."	2.74	Expression of thyroid hormone transporters during critical illness. ( D'Hoore, A; Darras, VM; Debaveye, Y; Ellger, B; Langouche, L; Mebis, L; Paletta, D; Van den Berghe, G; Visser, TJ, 2009)
"Severe mental retardation of the child can occur due to compromised iodine intake or thyroid disease."	2.43	Thyroid hormones and fetal brain development. ( Franklyn, JA; Kilby, MD; Pemberton, HN, 2005)
"Hypothyroidism is the most common type of thyroid gland dysfunction reported in horses."	2.41	Equine thyroid dysfunction. ( Frank, N; Messer, NT; Sojka, J, 2002)
"We investigated the effects of T3 treatment on the depression-like behavior in male transgenic 3xTg-AD mice."	1.72	Triiodothyronine Treatment reverses Depression-Like Behavior in a triple-transgenic animal model of Alzheimer's Disease. ( Britto, LRG; da Conceição, RR; da Silva, REC; de Souza, JS; de Souza, TJL; do Nascimento, BPP; Giannocco, G; Laureano-Melo, R; Maciel, RMB; Maglione, AV; Penatti, CAA; Ribeiro, MO; Sato, MA, 2022)
"Different rat and mouse models of hepatocarcinogenesis were investigated."	1.56	Thyroid hormone inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression via induction of differentiation and metabolic reprogramming. ( Bellomo, SE; Cabras, L; Columbano, A; Follenzi, A; Fornari, F; Giordano, S; Gramantieri, L; Kowalik, MA; Ledda-Columbano, GM; Merlin, S; Morandi, A; Orrù, C; Parri, M; Perra, A; Petrelli, A; Puliga, E; Rasola, A; Sanchez-Martin, C; Sebastian, C; Sulas, P, 2020)
" Furthermore, brain kynurenic acid levels and KATs activities were evaluated in experimental model of hypothyroidism, induced by chronic administration of 0."	1.56	Experimental hypothyroidism raises brain kynurenic acid - Novel aspect of thyroid dysfunction. ( Tomczyk, T; Urbańska, EM, 2020)
"In vitro, in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line, we found that both T3 and T4 increased the number of viable cells (Trypan blue assay), and only T4 response was fully blocked in the presence of an integrin-binding inhibitor peptide (RGD, arginine-glycine-aspartate)."	1.56	A rise in T3/T4 ratio reduces the growth of prostate tumors in a murine model. ( Aceves, C; Álvarez, L; Anguiano, B; Delgado-González, E; Montes de Oca, C; Ortiz, Z; Rodríguez-Castelán, J; Sánchez-Tusie, A; Zarco, C, 2020)
"Hyperthyroidism was induced in male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injections of triiodothyronine (T3; 7  μg/100 g of body weight) for 7 days and confirmed by raised levels of total T3 and decreased levels of total T4."	1.51	Ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) activation in the cardiac hypertrophy of hyperthyroidism. ( Barreto-Chaves, ML; Demasi, M; Lino, CA, 2019)
"Hyperthyroidism is the result of uncontrolled overproduction of the thyroid hormones."	1.48	Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Thiouracil Derivatives as Potential Antithyroid Agents. ( Ali, SA; Awad, SM; Mahgoub, S; Said, AM; Zohny, YM, 2018)
"Focal cerebral ischemia was induced under Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) guide by 45 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by 7 days of reperfusion in albino mice."	1.46	Effects of the combined treatment of bone marrow stromal cells with mild exercise and thyroid hormone on brain damage and apoptosis in a mouse focal cerebral ischemia model. ( Akhoundzadeh, K; Mohammadkhani, R; Rashidy-Pour, A; Safari, M; Sameni, HR; Vafaei, AA; Vakili, A, 2017)
"Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in male Wistar rats."	1.46	Stimulation of neurotrophic factors and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines by exogenous application of triiodothyronine in the rat model of ischemic stroke. ( Akbari, M; Hassanzadeh, G; Kashani, IR; Mortezaee, K; Sabbaghziarani, F; Soleimani, M; Zendedel, A, 2017)
"The amyloid beta (Aβ) induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with formation the amyloid plaques, cognitive impairments and decline in spontaneous discharge of neurons."	1.46	Peripheral and central administration of T3 improved the histological changes, memory and the dentate gyrus electrophysiological activity in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. ( Ahangarpour, A; Farbood, Y; Khorsandi, L; Mard, SA; Sarkaki, A; Shabani, S, 2017)
"Ischemic stroke is a common leading cause of death and disability with lack of effective therapies."	1.46	Improvement of memory and learning by intracerebroventricular microinjection of T3 in rat model of ischemic brain stroke mediated by upregulation of BDNF and GDNF in CA1 hippocampal region. ( Akbari, M; Attari, F; Ghazi-Khansari, M; Hassanzadeh, G; Kashani, IR; Malek, F; Mokhtari, T; Noorbakhsh, F; Rastegar, T, 2017)
"Whether D3 induction occurs in dilated cardiomyopathy is unknown."	1.46	Myocardial Induction of Type 3 Deiodinase in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. ( Dorfman, DM; Huang, SA; Jay, PY; Jugo, RH; Maynard, MA; Padera, RF; Wassner, AJ; Zavacki, AM, 2017)
" This study was designed to evaluate the effects of retinoic acid (RA)-pretreated Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) in combination with triiodothyronine (T3) in the ischemia stroke model."	1.46	Retinoic acid-pretreated Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells in combination with triiodothyronine improve expression of neurotrophic factors in the subventricular zone of the rat ischemic brain injury. ( Akbari, M; Ataeinejad, N; Hassanzadeh, G; Kashani, IR; Moini, A; Mortezaee, K; Sabbaghziarani, F; Soleimani, M; Zendedel, A, 2017)
"In summary, we describe an in vivo demyelination/remyelination paradigm that can be powered to determine efficacy of therapies that enhance white matter and cortical remyelination."	1.43	A mouse model for testing remyelinating therapies. ( Bai, CB; Benson, E; Dutta, R; Edberg, D; Kidd, G; Macklin, WB; Medicetty, S; Roholt, A; Sun, S; Trapp, B, 2016)
"In both, thyroid cancer is driven by overactivation of PI3K-AKT signaling."	1.43	SAHA-induced loss of tumor suppressor Pten gene promotes thyroid carcinogenesis in a mouse model. ( Cheng, SY; Kim, DW; Willingham, MC; Zhao, L; Zhu, X, 2016)
"Chronic demyelination and plaque formation in multiple sclerosis is accompanied by persisting astrogliosis, negatively influencing central nervous system recovery and remyelination."	1.43	Regulatory effect of triiodothyronine on brain myelination and astrogliosis after cuprizone-induced demyelination in mice. ( Azimzadeh, M; Beyer, C; Clarner, T; Golestani, A; Kashani, IR; Omidi, N; Pasbakhsh, P; Zendedel, A, 2016)
"Sepsis was a systemic response to a local infection."	1.43	Sepsis leads to thyroid impairment and dysfunction in rat model. ( Lin, X; Shi, S, 2016)
"T3-induced cardiac hypertrophy was not observed in TRβΔ337T mice, showing the fundamental role of THRβ in cardiac hypertrophy."	1.42	The Impact of a Non-Functional Thyroid Receptor Beta upon Triiodotironine-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice. ( do Império, GE; dos Santos Almeida, NA; Fuziwara, CS; Kimura, ET; Olivares, EL; Ortiga-Carvalho, TM; Pazos-Moura, CC; Pereira, GF; Ramos, IP; Santiago, LA, 2015)
"Myocardial infarction leads to a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels."	1.42	T3 and T4 decrease ROS levels and increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the myocardium of infarcted rats. ( Belló-Klein, A; Campos, C; Conzatti, A; da Rosa Araujo, AS; de Castro, AL; Fernandes, RO; Fernandes, TR; Llesuy, S; Sartório, CL; Schenkel, PC; Siqueira, R; Tavares, AV, 2015)
"Hyperthyroidism is known to increase food intake and central administration of thyroid hormone shows acute orexigenic effects in rodents."	1.40	Thyroid hormone modulates food intake and glycemia via ghrelin secretion in Zucker fatty rats. ( Dhanesha, N; Jain, MR; Joharapurkar, A; Kshirsagar, S; Patel, K; Patel, V; Raval, P; Raval, S, 2014)
"Overexpression of miR-21 promoted hepatoma cell migration and invasion, similar to that observed with T(3) stimulation in hepatoma cells."	1.39	Thyroid hormone regulation of miR-21 enhances migration and invasion of hepatoma. ( Chen, CY; Chi, HC; Huang, YH; Hung, YT; Liao, CH; Liao, CJ; Lin, CD; Lin, KH; Lin, SY; Lin, YH; Tsai, CY; Tseng, YH; Wang, CJ; Wu, SM, 2013)
" These effects of T3 microinjection to the preoptic region were demonstrated after acute injections and within hours of injection rather than after chronic administration over days."	1.39	Effects of acute microinjections of thyroid hormone to the preoptic region of hypothyroid adult male rats on sleep, motor activity and body temperature. ( Giannopoulos, PF; James, TD; Martin, JV; Moffett, SX, 2013)
" After establishing hypothyroidism, rats were assigned to 1 of 5 graded T(3) dosages plus PTU for a 2-week dose-response experiment."	1.39	Restoration of cardiac tissue thyroid hormone status in experimental hypothyroidism: a dose-response study in female rats. ( Chen, YF; Colligiani, D; Gerdes, AM; Ojamaa, K; Pol, CJ; Saba, A; Savinova, OV; Schlenker, EH; Weltman, NY; Zucchi, R, 2013)
"Hypothyroidism was successfully induced in PTU/LI mice."	1.39	Decreased expression of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 in hypothyroidism: a novel mechanism of atherogenic dyslipidemia in hypothyroidism. ( Cha, BS; Choi, SH; Jang, HC; Kim, HJ; Kim, HM; Lim, S; Moon, JH; Park, YJ, 2013)
" The EEG-defined parameters were significantly influenced by the microinjections in a biphasic dose-response relationship; the lowest (0."	1.39	Effects of acute microinjections of thyroid hormone to the preoptic region of euthyroid adult male rats on sleep and motor activity. ( Giannopoulos, PF; James, TD; Martin, JV; Moffett, SX, 2013)
"Both starvation and critical illness are hallmarked by changes in circulating thyroid hormone parameters with typically low T(3) concentrations in the absence of elevated TSH."	1.38	Contribution of nutritional deficit to the pathogenesis of the nonthyroidal illness syndrome in critical illness: a rabbit model study. ( Darras, VM; Derde, S; Eerdekens, A; Güiza, F; Langouche, L; Mebis, L; Princen, L; Van den Berghe, G; Vanhorebeek, I; Vanwijngaerden, YM, 2012)
"Hyperthyroidism is characterized in rats by increased energy expenditure and marked hyperphagia."	1.38	Hypothalamic mTOR pathway mediates thyroid hormone-induced hyperphagia in hyperthyroidism. ( Chatterjee, K; Diéguez, C; Gallego, R; Gándara, M; López, M; Martínez-Sánchez, N; Nogueiras, R; Roa, J; Schoenmakers, E; Tena-Sempere, M; Varela, L; Vázquez, MJ, 2012)
"TSH elevation in primary hypothyroidism requires both the loss of feedback inhibition by thyroid hormone in the thyrotrophs and the positive effects of TRH."	1.37	Thyroxine-induced expression of pyroglutamyl peptidase II and inhibition of TSH release precedes suppression of TRH mRNA and requires type 2 deiodinase. ( Harney, JW; Larsen, PR; Lechan, RM; Marsili, A; Sanchez, E; Singru, P; Zavacki, AM, 2011)
"Triiodothyronine (T3) was applied in the range of 10(-9)-10(-6) mol/l in acute experiments using isolated perfused aged (14-month-old) guinea pig hearts."	1.35	Thyroid hormones modulate occurrence and termination of ventricular fibrillation by both long-term and acute actions. ( Knezl, V; Okruhlicová, L; Slezák, J; Soukup, T; Tribulová, N, 2008)
" Because of the low oral bioavailability of PA 22c, a series of prodrugs was synthesized and screened for oral efficacy in the CFR assay."	1.35	Synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of liver-selective phosphonic acid thyroid hormone receptor agonists and their prodrugs. ( Boyer, SH; Cable, EE; Erion, MD; Fujitaki, JM; Godwin, JL; Hecker, SJ; Hou, J; Jacintho, JD; Jiang, H; Li, H; Li, W; Reddy, MV; Schulz, WG; Wu, R, 2008)
"Patients with hypothyroidism are at a higher risk for coronary vascular disease."	1.35	Thyroid hormone analog 3,5-diiodothyropropionic acid promotes healthy vasculature in the adult myocardium independent of thyroid effects on cardiac function. ( Gerdes, AM; Liu, Y; Redetzke, RA; Sherer, BA; Wang, D, 2009)
"Adult-onset hypothyroidism is associated with neurological changes such as cognitive dysfunction and impaired learning, which may be related to alterations of synaptic plasticity."	1.35	T3 administration in adult hypothyroid mice modulates expression of proteins involved in striatal synaptic plasticity and improves motor behavior. ( Alfos, S; Enderlin, V; Higueret, P; Micheau, J; Vallortigara, J, 2008)
"Treatment with carvedilol dramatically improved isometric tetanic force production at stimulus frequencies from 40 to 100 Hz (P < 0."	1.34	Myofibrillar protein oxidation and contractile dysfunction in hyperthyroid rat diaphragm. ( Matsunaga, S; Mishima, T; Sakamoto, M; Sugiyama, M; Wada, M; Yamada, T, 2007)
" Montmorillonite at dosage of 1."	1.33	Montmorillonite ameliorates hyperthyroidism of rats and mice attributed to its adsorptive effect. ( Cai, Y; Cao, YX; Lu, H; Meng, XF; Zhou, LZ; Zhu, SF, 2006)
"Isoproterenol caused an increase in the level of cyclic AMP (rho;moles/10(5) myocytes) in the control (from 2."	1.32	Effects of triiodothyronine pretreatment on beta-adrenergic responses in stunned cardiac myocytes. ( Gandhi, A; He, YQ; Tse, J; Weiss, HR; Yan, L, 2003)
"Imipramine (IMI) treatment normalized tT4 values."	1.31	Effects of chronic mild stress (CMS) on thyroid hormone function in two rat strains. ( Antoniou, K; Bekris, S; Christofidis, I; Kioukia, N; Papadopoulou-Daifoti, Z, 2000)
"The "sick euthyroid syndrome" is also seen in association with significant illnesses and consists of decreased levels of circulating triiodothyronine (T3)."	1.31	The effects of triiodothyronine augmentation on antithrombin III levels in sepsis. ( Chapital, AD; Hendrick, SR; Lloyd, L; Pieper, D, 2001)
"Physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy have directionally opposite changes in transcription of thyroid hormone (TH)-responsive genes, including alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), and TH treatment can reverse molecular and functional abnormalities in pathological hypertrophy, such as pressure overload."	1.31	Regulation of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy. ( Aoyagi, T; Baxter, JD; Bristow, MR; Camacho, SA; Eto, Y; Kinugawa, K; Long, CS; Ribeiro, RC; Simpson, PC; Yonekura, K, 2001)
"Arrhythmias were determined in ex vivo Langendorff-perfused hearts, subjected to a 30-min main left coronary artery occlusion, followed by 30-min reperfusion."	1.31	Streptozotocin diabetes protects against arrhythmias in rat isolated hearts: role of hypothyroidism. ( Beastall, GH; Furman, BL; Parratt, JR; Pyne, NJ; Zhang, L, 2002)
"To induce prolonged critical illness, a template controlled 15% deep dermal burn injury was imposed under combined general and regional (paravertebral) anesthesia."	1.31	A novel in vivo rabbit model of hypercatabolic critical illness reveals a biphasic neuroendocrine stress response. ( Bowers, CY; Coopmans, W; Michalaki, M; Van den Berghe, G; Van Herck, E; Veldhuis, JD; Weekers, F, 2002)
"Nitrofen treatment led to decreased plasma T3 and T4 levels without TSH changes."	1.30	Thyroid hormones in the pathogenesis of lung hypoplasia and immaturity induced in fetal rats by prenatal exposure to nitrofen. ( Alfonso, LF; Alvarez, FJ; Arnaiz, A; Diez-Pardo, JA; Morreale de Escobar, G; Qi, B; Tovar, JA; Valls-i-Soler, A, 1997)
"Triiodothyronine treated rats were hyperthyroid compared to controls, with an elevation in serum T3 levels (3."	1.30	Altered thyroid status modulates portal pressure in normal rats. ( BenHaim, M; Brill, S; Dotan, I; Halpern, Z; Jones, BE; Oren, R; Sikuler, E, 1999)
"Triiodothyronine treatment was associated with significantly decreased coronary resistance and increased coronary flow through a range of diastolic loading conditions in the postischemic hearts."	1.29	Triiodothyronine improves left ventricular function without oxygen wasting effects after global hypothermic ischemia. ( Berman, K; Helm, RE; Isom, OW; Klein, I; Klemperer, JD; Krieger, K; Ojamaa, K; Zelano, J, 1995)
"Brain death was caused in young pigs (25-38 kg) by rapid inflation of an intracranially implanted balloon catheter."	1.29	The influence of thyroid hormone replacement in a porcine brain death model. ( Bird, S; Hickman, R; Innes, CR; Lotz, Z; Schwartz, I, 1993)
"Central hypothyroidism is an uncommon condition characterized by insufficient thyroid gland stimulation by TSH, owing to hypothalamic and/or pituitary dysfunction."	1.28	Central hypothyroidism. ( Ridgway, EC; Samuels, MH, 1992)
"Hydrazine sulfate pretreatment also protects D-galactosamine-sensitized mice against the lethal effects of injected tumor necrosis factor/cachectin."	1.28	Hydrazine sulfate protects D-galactosamine-sensitized mice against endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor/cachectin lethality: evidence of a role for the pituitary. ( Christoffersen, CA; Johnson, DC; Morrison, DC; Silverstein, R; Turley, BR, 1991)
"Inhabitants of many severe endemic goiter areas have low serum T4 and high circulating TSH, despite normal levels of T3."	1.26	Are iodine-deficient rats euthyroid? ( De Escobar, GM; Del Rey, FE; Lamas, L; Obregon, MJ; Rodriguez-Peña, A; Santisteban, P, 1982)
"The incidence of lymphocytic thyroiditis was strikingly increased in 8-10-mo-old diabetic rats (59%) as compared with their nondiabetic cohorts (11%) (P less than 0."	1.26	Lymphocytic thyroiditis and diabetes in the BB/W rat. A new model of autoimmune endocrinopathy. ( Braverman, LE; Like, AA; Sarantis, K; Sternthal, E, 1981)
"Severe cardiac hypertrophy has been produced experimentally in rats by long-term, low-dose treatment with tri-iodothyroacetic acid."	1.25	The production of cardiac hypertrophy by tri-iodothyroacetic acid. ( Hawkey, CM; Olsen, EG; Symons, C, 1975)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	31 (11.57)	18.7374
1990's	38 (14.18)	18.2507
2000's	78 (29.10)	29.6817
2010's	102 (38.06)	24.3611
2020's	19 (7.09)	2.80

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Phase 1b, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of the Putative Remyelinating Agent, Liothyronine, in Individuals With MS[NCT02506751]	Phase 1	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Completed
Thyroid Hormone Replacement for Hypothyroidism and Acute Myocardial Infarction[NCT02512978]	Phase 4	160 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Recruiting
Effects of 4-month Therapy of Levothyroxine on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Diabetes Control in Diabetic Patients[NCT03281083]	Phase 2	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-03-28	Terminated (stopped due to Difficult recruitment and end of funding.)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Article	Year
Critical role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in bone. Bone, 2008, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Bone Development; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal S	2008
Thyroid replacement therapy and heart failure. Circulation, 2010, Jul-27, Volume: 122, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diiodothyronines; Disease Models, Animal; Glomerular Filtration Ra	2010
Thyroid hormone and cardiac surgery. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2002, Volume: 12, Issue:6 Topics: Animals; Cardiac Output; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Clinical Trials as Top	2002
Equine thyroid dysfunction. The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice, 2002, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hypothyroidism; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid F	2002
Thyroid hormones and fetal brain development. Minerva ginecologica, 2005, Volume: 57, Issue:4 Topics: Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Growth Retardation; Fetus;	2005
Thyroid hormones, learning and memory. Genes, brain, and behavior, 2007, Volume: 6 Suppl 1 Topics: Animals; Cognition; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Humans; Learning; Memory; Mice; Mice, Transgenic	2007
Inherited disorders of thyroid metabolism. Endocrine reviews, 1983,Summer, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Disease Models, Animal	1983
Development of a thyroid hormone analogue for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 1996, Volume: 6, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Cardiotonic Agents; Diiodothyronines; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation,	1996
Molecular basis of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH). Endocrine journal, 1998, Volume: 45, Issue:6 Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cell Nucleus; Dimerization; Dise	1998
An endocrine experimental model for myofibrillar disarray as found in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology, 1985, Volume: 17 Suppl 2 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophi	1985

triiodothyronine and Disease Models, Animal

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (268)

Authors

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies

Authors	Studies
Ohtsuki, S	1
Kikkawa, T	1
Mori, S	1
Hori, S	1
Takanaga, H	1
Otagiri, M	1
Terasaki, T	1
Boyer, SH	1
Jiang, H	1
Jacintho, JD	1
Reddy, MV	1
Li, H	2
Li, W	2
Godwin, JL	1
Schulz, WG	1
Cable, EE	1
Hou, J	1
Wu, R	1
Fujitaki, JM	1
Hecker, SJ	1
Erion, MD	1
Shiohara, H	1
Nakamura, T	1
Kikuchi, N	1
Ozawa, T	1
Nagano, R	1
Matsuzawa, A	1
Ohnota, H	1
Miyamoto, T	1
Ichikawa, K	1
Hashizume, K	1
Abrams, RPM	1
Yasgar, A	1
Teramoto, T	1
Lee, MH	1
Dorjsuren, D	1
Eastman, RT	1
Malik, N	1
Zakharov, AV	1
Bachani, M	1
Brimacombe, K	1
Steiner, JP	1
Hall, MD	1
Balasubramanian, A	1
Jadhav, A	1
Padmanabhan, R	1
Simeonov, A	1
Nath, A	1
Custodio, RJP	1
Kim, M	1
Sayson, LV	1
Lee, HJ	1
Ortiz, DM	1
Kim, BN	1
Kim, HJ	3
Cheong, JH	1
Venediktova, N	1
Solomadin, I	1
Nikiforova, A	1
Starinets, V	1
Mironova, G	1
Doshi, M	1
Watanabe, S	1
Natori, Y	1
Hosoyamada, M	1
Hirashima-Akae, Y	1
Xi, Y	1
Zhang, D	1
Liang, Y	1
Shan, Z	1
Teng, X	1
Teng, W	1
Maglione, AV	1
do Nascimento, BPP	1
Ribeiro, MO	1
de Souza, TJL	1
da Silva, REC	1
Sato, MA	1
Penatti, CAA	1
Britto, LRG	1
de Souza, JS	2
Maciel, RMB	1
da Conceição, RR	2
Laureano-Melo, R	2
Giannocco, G	2
Neves, JS	1
Leite, AR	1
Conceição, G	1
Gonçalves, A	1
Borges-Canha, M	1
Vale, C	1
Von-Hafe, M	1
Martins, D	1
Miranda-Silva, D	1
Leite, S	1
Rocha-Oliveira, E	1
Sousa-Mendes, C	1
Chaves, J	1
Lourenço, IM	1
Grijota-Martínez, C	1
Bárez-López, S	1
Miranda, IM	1
Almeida-Coelho, J	1
Vasques-Nóvoa, F	1
Carvalho, D	1
Lourenço, A	1
Falcão-Pires, I	1
Leite-Moreira, A	1
Li, D	1
Li, Y	2
Chen, Y	1
She, Y	1
Zhang, X	1
Chen, S	1
Chen, W	1
Qiu, G	1
Huang, H	1
Zhang, S	1
Groeneweg, S	1
Kersseboom, S	1
van den Berge, A	1
Dolcetta-Capuzzo, A	1
van Geest, FS	1
van Heerebeek, REA	1
Arjona, FJ	1
Meima, ME	1
Peeters, RP	1
Visser, WE	1
Visser, TJ	4
Seara, FAC	1
Araujo, IG	2
Império, GE	2
Marassi, MP	2
Silva, ACM	1
Mecawi, AS	2
Reis, LC	2
Olivares, EL	3
Özozan, ÖV	1
Ertorul, D	1
Kowalik, MA	2
Puliga, E	1
Cabras, L	1
Sulas, P	2
Petrelli, A	1
Perra, A	2
Ledda-Columbano, GM	2
Morandi, A	1
Merlin, S	1
Orrù, C	1
Sanchez-Martin, C	1
Fornari, F	1
Gramantieri, L	1
Parri, M	1
Rasola, A	1
Bellomo, SE	1
Sebastian, C	1
Follenzi, A	1
Giordano, S	1
Columbano, A	2
Venediktova, NI	1
Mashchenko, OV	1
Talanov, EY	1
Belosludtseva, NV	1
Mironova, GD	1
Tomczyk, T	1
Urbańska, EM	1
Sabatino, L	2
Kusmic, C	2
Iervasi, G	3
Lin, C	1
Li, N	1
Chang, H	1
Shen, Y	1
Li, Z	2
Wei, W	1
Chen, H	1
Lu, H	2
Ji, J	1
Liu, N	1
Ortiz, VD	1
Türck, P	1
Teixeira, R	1
Belló-Klein, A	3
de Castro, AL	3
Araujo, ASDR	1
Sánchez-Tusie, A	1
Montes de Oca, C	1
Rodríguez-Castelán, J	1
Delgado-González, E	1
Ortiz, Z	1
Álvarez, L	2
Zarco, C	1
Aceves, C	1
Anguiano, B	1
de Souza Cardoso, J	1
Baldissarelli, J	1
Reichert, KP	1
Teixeira, FC	1
Pereira Soares, MS	1
Chitolina Schetinger, MR	1
Morsch, VM	1
Farias Martins Filho, AO	1
Duarte Junior, HR	1
Ribeiro Coriolano, FH	1
Spanevello, RM	1
Stefanello, FM	1
Tavares, RG	1
Blitz, E	1
Matsuda, H	1
Guenther, S	1
Morikawa, T	1
Kubota, Y	1
Zada, D	1
Lerer-Goldshtein, T	1
Stainier, DYR	1
Appelbaum, L	1
Zhang, C	1
Qin, L	1
Sun, B	1
Wu, Y	1
Zhong, F	1
Wu, L	1
Liu, T	2
Lieder, HR	1
Braczko, F	1
Gedik, N	1
Stroetges, M	1
Heusch, G	1
Kleinbongard, P	1
Kerp, H	1
Renko, K	1
Hönes, GS	1
Brix, K	1
Köhrle, J	3
Moeller, LC	1
Führer, D	1
Wassner, AJ	1
Jugo, RH	1
Dorfman, DM	1
Padera, RF	1
Maynard, MA	1
Zavacki, AM	2
Jay, PY	1
Huang, SA	1
Ohba, K	1
Sinha, RA	2
Singh, BK	1
Iannucci, LF	1
Zhou, J	2
Kovalik, JP	1
Liao, XH	2
Refetoff, S	4
Sng, JCG	1
Leow, MK	1
Yen, PM	1
Akhoundzadeh, K	1
Vakili, A	1
Sameni, HR	1
Vafaei, AA	1
Rashidy-Pour, A	1
Safari, M	1
Mohammadkhani, R	1
Li, J	1
Donangelo, I	1
Abe, K	1
Scremin, O	1
Ke, S	1
Li, F	1
Milanesi, A	1
Liu, YY	1
Brent, GA	1
Mehus, AA	1
Picklo, MJ	1
Zhang, J	3
Huang, J	1
Aximujiang, K	1
Xu, C	2
Ahemaiti, A	1
Wu, G	1
Zhong, L	1
Yunusi, K	1
Zhang, K	2
Tang, YD	1
Zhang, Y	1
Ojamaa, K	3
Saini, AS	1
Carrillo-Sepulveda, MA	2
Rajagopalan, V	1
Gerdes, AM	7
Awad, SM	1
Zohny, YM	1
Ali, SA	1
Mahgoub, S	1
Said, AM	1
Bao, L	1
Roediger, J	1
Park, S	1
Fu, L	1
Shi, B	1
Cheng, SY	4
Shi, YB	1
Malagola, E	1
Chen, R	1
Bombardo, M	1
Saponara, E	1
Dentice, M	1
Salvatore, D	1
Reding, T	1
Myers, S	1
Hills, AP	1
Graf, R	1
Sonda, S	1
Bargi-Souza, P	2
Peliciari-Garcia, RA	1
Nunes, MT	3
Onishi, KG	1
Prendergast, BJ	1
Stevenson, TJ	1
Lin, JD	1
Fang, WF	1
Tang, KT	1
Cheng, CW	1
Lino, CA	1
Demasi, M	1
Barreto-Chaves, ML	2
Maity, S	1
Kar, D	1
De, K	1
Chander, V	1
Bandyopadhyay, A	1
Huang, YH	1
Lin, YH	1
Chi, HC	1
Liao, CH	1
Liao, CJ	1
Wu, SM	1
Chen, CY	1
Tseng, YH	1
Tsai, CY	1
Lin, SY	1
Hung, YT	1
Wang, CJ	1
Lin, CD	1
Lin, KH	1
Moon, JH	1
Kim, HM	1
Choi, SH	1
Lim, S	1
Park, YJ	1
Jang, HC	1
Cha, BS	1
Weltman, NY	2
Savinova, OV	3
Chen, YF	1
Schlenker, EH	1
Zucchi, R	1
Saba, A	1
Colligiani, D	1
Pol, CJ	1
Moffett, SX	2
Giannopoulos, PF	2
James, TD	2
Martin, JV	2
Ceravolo, GS	1
Furstenau, CR	1
Monteiro, Pde S	1
Bruno-Fortes, Z	1
Carvalho, MH	1
Laurindo, FR	1
Tostes, RC	1
Webb, RC	1
Kang, P	1
Yao, Y	1
Yang, J	1
Shen, B	1
Zhou, Z	1
Pei, F	1
Ge, JF	1
Peng, YY	1
Qi, CC	1
Chen, FH	1
Zhou, JN	1
Bagnato, G	2
Bitto, A	1
Irrera, N	1
Pizzino, G	1
Sangari, D	1
Cinquegrani, M	1
Roberts, W	1
Atteritano, M	1
Altavilla, D	1
Squadrito, F	1
Saitta, A	1
Buras, A	1
Battle, L	1
Landers, E	1
Nguyen, T	1
Vasudevan, N	1
Patel, K	1
Joharapurkar, A	1
Dhanesha, N	1
Patel, V	1
Kshirsagar, S	1
Raval, P	1
Raval, S	1
Jain, MR	1
Files, MD	1
Kajimoto, M	1
O'Kelly Priddy, CM	1
Ledee, DR	1
Des Rosiers, C	1
Isern, N	1
Portman, MA	1
Szkudlarek, AC	1
Aldenucci, B	1
Miyagui, NI	1
Silva, IK	1
Moraes, RN	1
Ramos, HE	1
Fogaça, RT	1
Tavares, AV	2
Campos, C	2
Fernandes, RO	2
Siqueira, R	2
Conzatti, A	2
Bicca, AM	1
Fernandes, TR	2
Sartório, CL	2
Schenkel, PC	2
da Rosa Araujo, AS	2
Yi, J	1
Zheng, JY	1
Zhang, W	2
Wang, S	1
Yang, ZF	1
Dou, KF	1
Zhu, Y	1
Zhou, X	1
Hao, S	1
Xie, S	1
Guo, X	1
Huang, Y	1
Chen, Q	1
Bozhkov, AI	1
Nikitchenko, YV	1
Waung, JA	1
Bassett, JH	2
Williams, GR	2
Mikłosz, A	1
Łukaszuk, B	1
Chabowski, A	1
Rogowski, F	1
Kurek, K	1
Żendzian-Piotrowska, M	1
Mori, Y	1
Tomonaga, D	1
Kalashnikova, A	1
Furuya, F	2
Akimoto, N	1
Ifuku, M	1
Okuno, Y	1
Beppu, K	1
Fujita, K	1
Katafuchi, T	1
Shimura, H	1
Churilov, LP	1
Noda, M	1
Ragone, MI	1
Bonazzola, P	1
Colareda, GA	1
Consolini, AE	1
Romano, RM	1
Goulart-Silva, F	2
Brunetto, EL	1
Llesuy, S	1
Uysal, E	1
Kirdak, T	1
Korun, N	1
do Império, GE	1
Ramos, IP	1
Santiago, LA	2
Pereira, GF	2
dos Santos Almeida, NA	1
Fuziwara, CS	1
Pazos-Moura, CC	2
Kimura, ET	1
Ortiga-Carvalho, TM	2
Osman, NS	1
Ismail, M	1
Li, QM	1
Wei, JP	1
Li, M	1
Meng, SH	1
Sundaresan, S	1
Balasubbu, S	1
Mustapha, M	1
Gilbert, ME	1
Sanchez-Huerta, K	1
Wood, C	1
Zendedel, A	3
Kashani, IR	4
Azimzadeh, M	1
Pasbakhsh, P	1
Omidi, N	1
Golestani, A	1
Beyer, C	1
Clarner, T	1
Nijampurkar, B	1
Qureshi, F	1
Jain, N	1
Banerjee, T	1
Kumar, A	2
Parmar, HS	1
Oliveira, KC	1
de Carvalho Melo, MC	1
Kasamatsu, TS	1
de Barros Maciel, RM	1
Tu, Y	1
Wang, Y	1
Ding, L	1
Wu, W	1
Maiden, MJ	1
Chapman, MJ	1
Torpy, DJ	1
Kuchel, TR	1
Clarke, IJ	1
Nash, CH	1
Fraser, JD	1
Ludbrook, GL	1
Zhu, X	1
Kim, DW	1
Zhao, L	2
Willingham, MC	2
Cheng, S	1
Xing, W	1
Pourteymoor, S	1
Mohan, S	1
Bai, CB	1
Sun, S	1
Roholt, A	1
Benson, E	1
Edberg, D	1
Medicetty, S	1
Dutta, R	1
Kidd, G	1
Macklin, WB	1
Trapp, B	1
Yousefzadeh, N	1
Jeddi, S	1
Alipour, MR	1
Nicolini, G	1
Amato, R	1
Casini, G	1
Balzan, S	1
Lin, X	1
Shi, S	2
Sabbaghziarani, F	2
Mortezaee, K	2
Akbari, M	3
Soleimani, M	2
Moini, A	1
Ataeinejad, N	1
Hassanzadeh, G	3
Finan, B	1
Clemmensen, C	1
Zhu, Z	1
Stemmer, K	1
Gauthier, K	1
Müller, L	1
De Angelis, M	1
Moreth, K	1
Neff, F	1
Perez-Tilve, D	1
Fischer, K	1
Lutter, D	1
Sánchez-Garrido, MA	1
Liu, P	1
Tuckermann, J	1
Malehmir, M	1
Healy, ME	1
Weber, A	1
Heikenwalder, M	1
Jastroch, M	1
Kleinert, M	1
Jall, S	1
Brandt, S	1
Flamant, F	1
Schramm, KW	1
Biebermann, H	1
Döring, Y	1
Weber, C	1
Habegger, KM	1
Keuper, M	1
Gelfanov, V	1
Liu, F	1
Rozman, J	1
Fuchs, H	1
Gailus-Durner, V	1
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