Page last updated: 2024-11-08

triiodothyronine and Depressive Disorder, Major

triiodothyronine has been researched along with Depressive Disorder, Major in 44 studies

Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.
3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism.

Depressive Disorder, Major: Disorder in which five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure. Symptoms include: depressed mood most of the day, nearly every daily; markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day; significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain; Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day; psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day; fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day; feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt; diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day; or recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt. (DSM-5)

Research Excerpts

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"In an open trial, we investigated the efficacy of triiodothyronine (T(3)) adjuvant to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) resistant to SSRI treatment."9.11An open study of triiodothyronine augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. ( Alpert, JE; Fava, M; Iosifescu, DV; Mischoulon, D; Nierenberg, AA; Papakostas, GI; Perlis, RH; Ryan, JL, 2005)
" This study aimed to establish the effects of fluoxetine and sertraline treatments on thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity in patients with major depression and primary hypothyroidism and in patients with major depression and normal thyroid function."5.14Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on thyroid function in depressed patients with primary hypothyroidism or normal thyroid function. ( Bahls, SC; Boeving, A; de Carvalho, GA; Graf, H, 2009)
"In an open trial, we investigated the efficacy of triiodothyronine (T(3)) adjuvant to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) resistant to SSRI treatment."5.11An open study of triiodothyronine augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. ( Alpert, JE; Fava, M; Iosifescu, DV; Mischoulon, D; Nierenberg, AA; Papakostas, GI; Perlis, RH; Ryan, JL, 2005)
"Previously we found that late pregnancy total and free thyroxine (TT4, FT4) concentrations were negatively related to greater pre and/or postpartum depressive symptoms."3.83Late pregnancy thyroid-binding globulin predicts perinatal depression. ( Garcia, N; Johnson, J; Leserman, J; Meltzer-Brody, S; Pedersen, C; Stansbury, M, 2016)
"One hundred thirteen patients with major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to 8 wk of double-blind outpatient treatment with low-dose T3 (25 microg), high-dose T3 (25 microg twice daily), or placebo in addition to paroxetine 30 mg daily."2.71Triiodothyronine addition to paroxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder. ( Appelhof, BC; Brouwer, JP; Fliers, E; Hoogendijk, WJ; Huyser, J; Schene, AH; Tijssen, JG; van Dyck, R; Wiersinga, WM, 2004)
" After 4 weeks of treatment with sertraline at a standard dosage of 50 mg/day, both the single TRH test and the combined T3/TRH test were repeated in the depressed patients."2.71The influence of 4-week treatment with sertraline on the combined T3/TRH test in depressed patients. ( Alajbegovic, L; Baghai, TC; Eser, D; Möller, HJ; Rupprecht, R; Schaaf, L; Schüle, C; Schwarz, M; Zwanzger, P, 2005)
"Major depressive disorder is a severe, disabling disorder that affects around 4."2.61Monoaminergic system and depression. ( Berrocoso, E; González-Saiz, F; Mico, JA; Perez-Caballero, L; Romero-López-Alberca, C; Torres-Sanchez, S, 2019)
"Hypothyroidism has been linked to depression as there is irrefutable evidence that it triggers affective disease and psychic disorders."2.49Hypothyroidism and depression: salient aspects of pathogenesis and management. ( Duntas, LH; Maillis, A, 2013)
" T3 was well tolerated in most of the studies and adverse effects do not seem to be an impediment to clinical use."2.44Efficacy and safety of triiodothyronine supplementation in patients with major depressive disorder treated with specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors. ( Cooper-Kazaz, R; Lerer, B, 2008)
"Thyroid dysfunction is common in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients; however, its relationship with psychotic depression (PD) remains unclear."1.91Association between thyroid hormones and comorbid psychotic symptoms in patients with first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder. ( Chen, S; Hao, Y; Li, H; Li, M; Liu, T; Liu, Y; Ma, Y; Peng, P; Ren, H; Wang, Q; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wu, Q; Yang, Q; Zhang, X; Zhou, Y, 2023)
"Treatment with clomipramine alone allowed five patients to achieve sustained remission (MADRS < or = 8), while three patients were responders (MADRS decrease > or = 50%) and three patients were partial responders (MADRS decrease > 25%)."1.35Is there a place for tricyclic antidepressants and subsequent augmentation strategies in obtaining remission for patients with treatment resistant depression? ( Aubry, JM; Bertschy, G; Bondolfi, G; Gervasoni, N; Gex-Fabry, M, 2009)
" This case series shows that T(3) may be successfully employed as a long term treatment augmentation of major depression if over time dosage levels are increased beyond the traditional 50 mcg."1.35Long term augmentation with T3 in refractory major depression. ( Kelly, TF; Lieberman, DZ, 2009)
"Phosphocreatine, which has a buffer role for ATP, decreased in treatment responders compared with nonresponders."1.35Brain bioenergetics and response to triiodothyronine augmentation in major depressive disorder. ( Bolo, NR; Fava, M; Iosifescu, DV; Jensen, JE; Nierenberg, AA; Renshaw, PF, 2008)
"Major depressive disorder has been associated with changes in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and with hypercortisolism."1.33Thyroid and adrenal axis in major depression: a controlled study in outpatients. ( Appelhof, BC; Brouwer, JP; Endert, E; Fliers, E; Hoogendijk, WJ; Huyser, J; Schene, AH; Tijssen, JG; Van Dyck, R; Wiersinga, WM; Zuketto, C, 2005)
"However, the information in regard to low T3 syndrome in psychiatric subjects who are clinically euthyroid and do not have any other systemic illness is scanty."1.33Low T3 syndrome in psychiatric depression. ( Kabir, MA; Premachandra, BN; Williams, IK, 2006)
"One hundred and one patients with major depressive disorder receiving their first antidepressant for their current major depressant episode had baseline thyroid function test performed."1.30Peripheral thyroid hormone levels in treatment resistant depression. ( Joffe, RT, 1999)

Research

Studies (44)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19902 (4.55)18.7374
1990's1 (2.27)18.2507
2000's25 (56.82)29.6817
2010's14 (31.82)24.3611
2020's2 (4.55)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Peng, P1
Wang, Q1
Ren, H1
Zhou, Y1
Hao, Y1
Chen, S1
Wu, Q1
Li, M1
Wang, Y2
Yang, Q1
Wang, X1
Liu, Y1
Ma, Y1
Li, H1
Liu, T1
Zhang, X1
Tost, M1
Monreal, JA1
Armario, A1
Barbero, JD1
Cobo, J1
García-Rizo, C1
Bioque, M1
Usall, J1
Huerta-Ramos, E1
Soria, V1
Labad, J1
Perez-Caballero, L1
Torres-Sanchez, S1
Romero-López-Alberca, C1
González-Saiz, F1
Mico, JA1
Berrocoso, E1
Feng, G1
Kang, C1
Yuan, J1
Zhang, Y1
Wei, Y1
Xu, L1
Zhou, F1
Fan, X1
Yang, J1
Homan, P1
Drevets, WC1
Hasler, G1
Duntas, LH1
Maillis, A1
Wei, J2
Sun, G2
Zhao, L2
Liu, X1
Lin, D1
Li, T1
Ma, X2
Baek, JH1
Kang, ES1
Fava, M4
Mischoulon, D2
Nierenberg, AA3
Lee, D1
Heo, JY1
Jeon, HJ1
Mohagheghi, A1
Arfaie, A1
Amiri, S1
Nouri, M1
Abdi, S1
Safikhanlou, S1
Yang, X1
Huang, B1
Zhou, B1
Tao, L1
Pedersen, C1
Leserman, J1
Garcia, N1
Stansbury, M1
Meltzer-Brody, S1
Johnson, J1
Stipcević, T1
Pivac, N1
Kozarić-Kovacić, D1
Mück-Seler, D1
Karlsson, H1
Gervasoni, N1
Aubry, JM1
Gex-Fabry, M1
Bertschy, G1
Bondolfi, G1
Papakostas, GI2
Cooper-Kazaz, R4
Appelhof, BC3
Posternak, MA1
Johnson, DP1
Klibanski, A1
Lerer, B5
Kelly, TF1
Lieberman, DZ1
de Carvalho, GA1
Bahls, SC1
Boeving, A1
Graf, H1
Plaza, A1
Garcia-Esteve, L1
Ascaso, C1
Navarro, P1
Gelabert, E1
Halperin, I1
Valdés, M1
Martín-Santos, R1
Chilakamarri, G1
Weismantel, D1
Weismantel, A1
Cohen, A1
Dunlop, BW2
DeFife, JA1
Marx, L1
Garlow, SJ2
Nemeroff, CB2
Lilienfeld, SO1
Rosenthal, LJ1
Goldner, WS1
O'Reardon, JP1
Ninan, PT1
Agid, O1
Corruble, E1
Berlin, I1
Lemoine, A1
Hardy, P1
Brouwer, JP2
van Dyck, R2
Fliers, E2
Hoogendijk, WJ2
Huyser, J2
Schene, AH2
Tijssen, JG2
Wiersinga, WM2
Endert, E1
Zuketto, C1
Schüle, C1
Baghai, TC1
Alajbegovic, L1
Schwarz, M1
Zwanzger, P1
Eser, D1
Schaaf, L1
Möller, HJ1
Rupprecht, R1
Monteleone, P1
Fabrazzo, M1
Martiadis, V1
Serritella, C1
Pannuto, M1
Maj, M1
Iosifescu, DV2
Perlis, RH1
Ryan, JL1
Alpert, JE1
Abraham, G1
Milev, R1
Stuart Lawson, J1
Premachandra, BN1
Kabir, MA1
Williams, IK1
Fountoulakis, KN1
Kantartzis, S1
Siamouli, M1
Panagiotidis, P1
Kaprinis, S1
Iacovides, A1
Kaprinis, G1
Valenstein, M1
Joffe, RT2
Sokolov, ST1
Levitt, AJ1
Posternak, M1
Novak, S1
Stern, R1
Hennessey, J1
Joffe, R1
Prange, A1
Zimmerman, M1
Apter, JT1
Cohen, R1
Karagichev, L1
Muhammed-Moussa, S1
Grupper, D1
Drori, T1
Newman, ME1
Sackeim, HA1
Glaser, B1
Bolo, NR1
Jensen, JE1
Renshaw, PF1
Berlim, MT1
Fleck, MP1
Turecki, G1
Nelson, JC1
Eggers, C1
Takahashi, S1
Kondo, H1
Yoshimura, M1
Ochi, Y1

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

TrialPhaseEnrollmentStudy TypeStart DateStatus
Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of add-on Sarcosine in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04975100]Phase 460 participants (Actual)Interventional2021-08-26Completed
Thyroid Axis in Major Depression[NCT00208702]Phase 4153 participants (Actual)Interventional1996-09-30Completed
Biochemical Brain Changes Correlated With The Antidepressant Effect Of Thyroid Hormones[NCT00562367]30 participants (Actual)Interventional2001-10-31Completed
Triiodothyronine (T3) Supplementation in Bipolar and Unipolar Depression: A Random Assignment, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.[NCT00158990]Phase 3220 participants Interventional2002-10-31Completed
Evaluation of Transcranial Photobiomodulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Study of a Novel Approach[NCT05363982]54 participants (Anticipated)Interventional2022-02-11Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Reviews

9 reviews available for triiodothyronine and Depressive Disorder, Major

ArticleYear
Targeting Hormones for Improving Cognition in Major Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia: Thyroid Hormones and Prolactin.
    Clinical drug investigation, 2020, Volume: 40, Issue:1

    Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Cognition Disorders; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Mood Diso

2020
Monoaminergic system and depression.
    Cell and tissue research, 2019, Volume: 377, Issue:1

    Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Biogenic Monoamines; Buspirone; Depressive Disorder, Ma

2019
Hypothyroidism and depression: salient aspects of pathogenesis and management.
    Minerva endocrinologica, 2013, Volume: 38, Issue:4

    Topics: Age Factors; Antidepressive Agents; Autoantibodies; Biomarkers; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Res

2013
Simultaneous initiation (coinitiation) of pharmacotherapy with triiodothyronine and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for major depressive disorder: a quantitative synthesis of double-blind studies.
    International clinical psychopharmacology, 2009, Volume: 24, Issue:1

    Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Randomized Contr

2009
Peripheral thyroid dysfunction in depression.
    The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry, 2006, Volume: 7, Issue:3

    Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hy

2006
Efficacy and safety of triiodothyronine supplementation in patients with major depressive disorder treated with specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
    The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2008, Volume: 11, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Evaluation; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Male; Meta

2008
Current trends in the assessment and somatic treatment of resistant/refractory major depression: an overview.
    Annals of medicine, 2008, Volume: 40, Issue:2

    Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Resistanc

2008
Augmentation strategies in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Recent findings and current status of augmentation strategies.
    CNS spectrums, 2007, Volume: 12, Issue:12 Suppl 2

    Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Delayed-Action Preparations; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Synergism; Drug

2007
[Psychotropic drug therapy in children].
    Fortschritte der Medizin, 1977, Sep-08, Volume: 95, Issue:33

    Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Autistic Disorder;

1977

Trials

15 trials available for triiodothyronine and Depressive Disorder, Major

ArticleYear
Neural correlates of free T3 alteration after catecholamine depletion in subjects with remitted major depressive disorder and in controls.
    Psychopharmacology, 2014, Volume: 231, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; alpha-Methyltyrosine; Case-Control Studies; Catecholamines; Cross-Over Studies; D

2014
Preventive effect of liothyronine on electroconvulsive therapy-induced memory deficit in patients with major depressive disorder: a double-blind controlled clinical trial.
    BioMed research international, 2015, Volume: 2015

    Topics: Adult; Depressive Disorder, Major; Double-Blind Method; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; M

2015
Effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on thyroid function in depressed patients with primary hypothyroidism or normal thyroid function.
    Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Autoantibodies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Fluoxetine; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Iodide

2009
The effects of sertraline on psychopathic traits.
    International clinical psychopharmacology, 2011, Volume: 26, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder, Maj

2011
The combination of triiodothyronine (T3) and sertraline is not superior to sertraline monotherapy in the treatment of major depressive disorder.
    Journal of psychiatric research, 2012, Volume: 46, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Depressive Disorder, Major; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Femal

2012
Algorithm-based treatment of major depression in an outpatient clinic: clinical correlates of response to a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor and to triiodothyronine augmentation.
    The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2003, Volume: 6, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergis

2003
Should major depression with 'high normal' thyroid-stimulating hormone be treated preferentially with tricyclics?
    Neuropsychobiology, 2004, Volume: 50, Issue:2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antidepressive Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Tricycl

2004
Triiodothyronine addition to paroxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2004, Volume: 89, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dose-Response Relations

2004
The influence of 4-week treatment with sertraline on the combined T3/TRH test in depressed patients.
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2005, Volume: 255, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Electrochemist

2005
An open study of triiodothyronine augmentation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder.
    The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2005, Volume: 66, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination;

2005
T3 augmentation of SSRI resistant depression.
    Journal of affective disorders, 2006, Volume: 91, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Citalopram; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dis

2006
Keeping our eyes on STAR*D.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 2006, Volume: 163, Issue:9

    Topics: Cyclohexanols; Delayed-Action Preparations; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Therapy, Combination; H

2006
Lithium and triiodothyronine augmentation of antidepressants.
    Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2006, Volume: 51, Issue:12

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration S

2006
A pilot effectiveness study: placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive L-triiodothyronine (T3) used to accelerate and potentiate the antidepressant response.
    The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2008, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Antidepressive Agents; Combined Modality Therapy; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dou

2008
Combined treatment with sertraline and liothyronine in major depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    Archives of general psychiatry, 2007, Volume: 64, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Depressive Disorder, Major; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; M

2007

Other Studies

20 other studies available for triiodothyronine and Depressive Disorder, Major

ArticleYear
Association between thyroid hormones and comorbid psychotic symptoms in patients with first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder.
    Psychiatry research, 2023, Volume: 320

    Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Thyroid Hormones; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; T

2023
Neuroendocrine abnormalities associated with untreated first episode patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2019, Volume: 107

    Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Endocrine System;

2019
Hair thyroid hormones concentration in patients with depression changes with disease episodes in female Chinese.
    Psychiatry research, 2014, Dec-15, Volume: 220, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; China; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Hair; Humans; Middle Aged; Severity of

2014
Thyroid stimulating hormone and serum, plasma, and platelet brain-derived neurotrophic factor during a 3-month follow-up in patients with major depressive disorder.
    Journal of affective disorders, 2014, Volume: 169

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Biomarkers; Blood Platelets; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Depres

2014
Comparison of hair thyroid hormones between first-episode and recurrent patients with depression in female Chinese.
    Asia-Pacific psychiatry : official journal of the Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists, 2016, Volume: 8, Issue:4

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; China; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Hair; Humans; Middle Aged; Recurrence;

2016
Late pregnancy thyroid-binding globulin predicts perinatal depression.
    Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2016, Volume: 65

    Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Predictive Value

2016
Thyroid activity in patients with major depression.
    Collegium antropologicum, 2008, Volume: 32, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male;

2008
Remission in depression--is it a realistic goal?
    Nordic journal of psychiatry, 2008, Volume: 62, Issue:6

    Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Chronic Disease; Citalopram; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined Modality

2008
Is there a place for tricyclic antidepressants and subsequent augmentation strategies in obtaining remission for patients with treatment resistant depression?
    Pharmacological research, 2009, Volume: 59, Issue:3

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clomipramine; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Resistance;

2009
Long term augmentation with T3 in refractory major depression.
    Journal of affective disorders, 2009, Volume: 115, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Res

2009
Childhood sexual abuse and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis in postpartum major depression.
    Journal of affective disorders, 2010, Volume: 122, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Autoantigens; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Depression, Postpartum; Depressive

2010
Can nonantidepressants help treat depression?
    The Journal of family practice, 2009, Volume: 58, Issue:10

    Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Cohort Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Therap

2009
Noradrenergic adverse effects due to combined treatment with reboxetine and triiodothyronine.
    Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 2010, Volume: 30, Issue:2

    Topics: Adult; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Middle A

2010
T3 augmentation in major depressive disorder: safety considerations.
    The American journal of psychiatry, 2011, Volume: 168, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Male; Tr

2011
Thyroid and adrenal axis in major depression: a controlled study in outpatients.
    European journal of endocrinology, 2005, Volume: 152, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adult; Contraception; Depressive Disorder, Major; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Estr

2005
Circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor is decreased in women with anorexia and bulimia nervosa but not in women with binge-eating disorder: relationships to co-morbid depression, psychopathology and hormonal variables.
    Psychological medicine, 2005, Volume: 35, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Body Mass Index; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Bulimia; Comorbidity; D

2005
Low T3 syndrome in psychiatric depression.
    Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2006, Volume: 29, Issue:6

    Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Euthyroid Sick Syndromes; Humans; Triiodothyronine

2006
Brain bioenergetics and response to triiodothyronine augmentation in major depressive disorder.
    Biological psychiatry, 2008, Jun-15, Volume: 63, Issue:12

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Therap

2008
Brain bioenergetics and response to triiodothyronine augmentation in major depressive disorder.
    Biological psychiatry, 2008, Jun-15, Volume: 63, Issue:12

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Therap

2008
Brain bioenergetics and response to triiodothyronine augmentation in major depressive disorder.
    Biological psychiatry, 2008, Jun-15, Volume: 63, Issue:12

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Therap

2008
Brain bioenergetics and response to triiodothyronine augmentation in major depressive disorder.
    Biological psychiatry, 2008, Jun-15, Volume: 63, Issue:12

    Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Brain; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Therap

2008
Peripheral thyroid hormone levels in treatment resistant depression.
    Biological psychiatry, 1999, Apr-15, Volume: 45, Issue:8

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Male; Sev

1999
Thyrotropin responses to TRH in depressive illness: relation to clinical subtypes and prolonged duration of depressive episode.
    Folia psychiatrica et neurologica japonica, 1974, Volume: 28, Issue:4

    Topics: Adjustment Disorders; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bipolar Disorder; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Ma

1974