tribulus and Infarction--Middle-Cerebral-Artery

Gross Saponins of Tribulus terrestris L. Fruit (GSTTF) has been reported to have a protective effect against ischemic stroke, but the related mechanism is complex and still not fully investigated.. The combination of metabolomics and proteomics approach was applied to reveal the mechanisms of GSTTF in treating ischemic stroke.. The metabolite and protein changes in brain tissue were analyzed by the LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics method and tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics technology. The multivariate statistical analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were conducted to screen out the biomarkers, and their related pathway was further investigated by the joint pathway analysis.. A total of 110 metabolites and 359 differential proteins, which were mainly associated with complement and coagulation cascades, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and platelet activation, etc. were screened out from the rat brain tissue. The PPI network exhibited that the protein F2, Fga, Fgb, Fgg, Plg, and C3, which are greatly involved in the complement and coagulation cascades, have a relatively high connectivity degree, indicating their importance in the process of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The GSTTF exerted a protective effect against MCAO via modulating multiple proteins on this pathway. Moreover, F2 played a key role during the protective process and worth to be further investigated due to it has been reported as one of the therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke.. The present study could improve the understanding of the potential therapeutic mechanism of GSTTF against ischemic stroke.

Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Fruit; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Ischemic Stroke; Metabolomics; Plant Extracts; Protective Agents; Proteomics; Rats; Saponins; Tribulus

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of injectable caltrop fruit saponin preparation (ICFSP) on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat brain. Rats were injected with ICFSP and then subjected to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Then the neurological deficit score was evaluated by Bederson's method. The infarct size was assessed by TTC staining. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rat cerebrum were measured with kits, and the content of 6 K prostaglandin F1α (6-K-PGF 1α), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and endothelin (ET) in blood plasma was measured by radioimmunoassay. The results demonstrated that ICFSP led to a decrease in infarct size (p < 0.01), neurological deficit score (p < 0.05) and plasma content of TXB2 and ET (p < 0.05), and an increase of the plasma level of 6-K-PGF 1α (p < 0.05) and SOD activity in cerebrum, where the MDA and NO content were decreased. The treatment improved forelimb function. ICFSP showed a similar potency compared to that of Ligustrazine hydrochloride parenteral solution (LHPS) and nimodipine (Nim). We concluded that ICFSP protects the brain damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, and this may be closely related to the regulation of reactive oxygen species (MDA and SOD activity) and NO levels in the rat cerebrum, as well as vasoactive factors in the plasma (6-K-PGF 1α, TXB2 and ET).

Topics: 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cerebral Infarction; Cerebrum; Endothelins; Forelimb; Fruit; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Injections; Male; Malondialdehyde; Neuroprotective Agents; Nitric Oxide; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reperfusion Injury; Saponins; Superoxide Dismutase; Thromboxane B2; Tribulus