tribulus and Brain-Ischemia

Gross Saponins of Tribulus terrestris L. Fruit (GSTTF) has been reported to have a protective effect against ischemic stroke, but the related mechanism is complex and still not fully investigated.. The combination of metabolomics and proteomics approach was applied to reveal the mechanisms of GSTTF in treating ischemic stroke.. The metabolite and protein changes in brain tissue were analyzed by the LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics method and tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics technology. The multivariate statistical analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis were conducted to screen out the biomarkers, and their related pathway was further investigated by the joint pathway analysis.. A total of 110 metabolites and 359 differential proteins, which were mainly associated with complement and coagulation cascades, sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and platelet activation, etc. were screened out from the rat brain tissue. The PPI network exhibited that the protein F2, Fga, Fgb, Fgg, Plg, and C3, which are greatly involved in the complement and coagulation cascades, have a relatively high connectivity degree, indicating their importance in the process of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The GSTTF exerted a protective effect against MCAO via modulating multiple proteins on this pathway. Moreover, F2 played a key role during the protective process and worth to be further investigated due to it has been reported as one of the therapeutic targets of ischemic stroke.. The present study could improve the understanding of the potential therapeutic mechanism of GSTTF against ischemic stroke.

Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Fruit; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Ischemic Stroke; Metabolomics; Plant Extracts; Protective Agents; Proteomics; Rats; Saponins; Tribulus

To study the effect of Xinnao Shutong capsule (XNST) on energy metabolism dysfunction, free radical injury and inflammatic factors in the course of acute cerebral ischemic damage, and try to reveal the mechanism of the protection against ischemia.. 60 male Wistar rats weighing 280 - 320 g were randomly divided into five groups: normal, sham operation, model, XNST treatment( XNST-T) , and Western medicine treatment (WM-T) group. Acute multi-infarct model in rats was induced by injecting the embolus of blood powder through the right external carotid artery (ECA) into the internal carotid artery (ICA). At 72 hours after ischemia, morphologic change and the express of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin -1beta ( IL-1beta) in hippocampus CAl section and cortex were observed, biochemical criterions including the activity of Na+ -K+ -ATPase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in hippocampus were examined.. The morphologic change of hippocampus and cortex in both XNST-T and WM-T groups was milder than that in model group. The activity of Na+ -K+ -ATPase, LDH and SOD in hippocampus were all significantly decreased in model group (P <0. 01), and elevated in XNST group (P <0. 01) as well as in WM-T group (P <0. 01). The content of MDA in hippocampus was significantly increased in model group (P <0. 05), and was reduced in XNST group (P <0. 05) as well as in WM-T group (P <0. 01).. The results reveal that XNST has the protective effect against cerebral ischemic injury. And its possible mechanism is that XNST can prevent the upper pathological process.

Topics: Animals; Brain Infarction; Brain Ischemia; Capsules; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hippocampus; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Malondialdehyde; Neuroprotective Agents; Plants, Medicinal; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Saponins; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Superoxide Dismutase; Tribulus