transforming-growth-factor-beta and Malocclusion

The present study evaluates histologic changes to and expression of angiogenic factors in rats with mandibular functional shift (MFS).. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks of MFS, rats in the experimental and control groups were killed. Histologic micrographs of the ipsilateral condyle cartilage were obtained. The localization and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and type-II collagen (Col-II) in temporomandibular joints (TMJs) were evaluated through immunohistochemical staining.. The results showed that structural changes in the condyle cartilage could be observed 2 weeks after MFS. TGF-β expression reached its peak 2 weeks post-MFS, whereas VEGF and Col-II reached their peaks 4 weeks posttreatment.. Compressive forces applied to the TMJ could enhance the expressions of VEGF, TGF-β, and Col-II, and activate angiogenesis. The proteins appear to play important roles in the remodeling of the TMJ.

Topics: Animals; Cartilage; Collagen Type II; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Malocclusion; Mandibular Condyle; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Temporomandibular Joint; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

The effect of altered occlusion on the mandibular condylar cartilage remains unclear.. This study investigated the effect of unilateral incisor disocclusion on cartilage thickness, on mitotic activity and on chondrocytes maturation and differentiation in the mandibular condylar cartilage of rats.. The upper and lower left incisors were trimmed 2mm every second day in five rats. In other five rats, the incisor occlusion was not altered. Condylar tissues from both sides of each mandible were processed and stained for Herovici's stain and immunohistochemistry for bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN). Measurements of cartilage thickness and the numbers of immunopositive cells for each antibody were analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).. No significant differences were observed in cartilage thickness after 7 days of unilateral incisor disocclusion. However, the numbers of immunopositive cells for BrdU as a marker of DNA synthesising cells, TGF-beta1 as a marker of chondrocytes differentiation, and ALP and OCN as markers of chondrocytes maturation, were significant higher in the cartilage cells on both sides when incisor occlusion was unilaterally altered. Interestingly, alkaline phosphatase was highly expressed on the condylar side of incisor disocclusion, whereas osteocalcin was highly expressed on the side opposite to the incisor disocclusion.. It is demonstrated that after 7 days, unilateral incisor disocclusion affects the mandibular condylar cartilage at the cellular level by increasing the mitotic activity and by accelerating chondrocytes maturation. Chondrocytes maturation appears more accelerated on the side opposite to incisor disocclusion.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Bromodeoxyuridine; Cartilage, Articular; Cell Differentiation; Chondrocytes; Incisor; Malocclusion; Mandibular Condyle; Mitosis; Osteocalcin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

The purpose of this study is to study the biological effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP2) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs).. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were primary cultured and detected the different doses of rhBMP2 on their proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OC) synthesis and formation of the mineralized nodules.. rhBMP2 (0.25-2 mg/ml) had no remarkable effect on the proliferation of HPDLFs. The ALP activity, OC synthesis and formation of the mineralized nodules of HPDLFs were significantly stimulated by 0.5-2 mg/ml rhBMP2.. The effects of rhBMP2 on HPDLFs are dose-dependent. Not only can rhBMP2 stimulate the expression but also promote the maturation of osteoblastic phenotype of HPDLFs.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fibroblasts; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Osteocalcin; Periodontal Ligament; Recombinant Proteins; Transforming Growth Factor beta