transforming-growth-factor-beta and Facial-Dermatoses

There is a granulomatous variant which is recognized in the rosacea spectrum. However, the pathogenesis of granuloma formation in rosacea has not been clearly demonstrated. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are required for recruitment of inflammatory cells and for tissue remodelling, making way for the development of well-organized granuloma.. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII), Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, MMP-1, 2 and 9 in the granulomatous rosacea (GR) compared with the non-granulomatous rosacea (NGR) and test the hypothesis that the changes of these profiles in GR would be related with chronic ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-exposure.. Facial skin samples were obtained from 20 patients with GR and NGR (control group). The sections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin, Verhoeff's elastic stain, and antibodies to TGF-β, TβRII, TNF-α, MMP-1, -2 and -9.. The amount of elastotic material was significantly increased in the dermis of GR lesions. Expression of TGF-β was significantly decreased in the epidermis of GR lesions compared with NGR lesions. In addition, the expression of MMP-9 was significantly increased in the dermis of GR lesions compared with NGR lesions, especially at the centre of the granuloma on a semi-quantitative analysis. MMP-2 expression was also increased in GR lesions, although the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant.. The results of this study suggest that the increased expression of MMPs in the dermis may participate in granuloma formation of GR in association with UVR.

Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Environmental Exposure; Facial Dermatoses; Female; Humans; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Middle Aged; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; Rosacea; Skin; Time Factors; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Ultraviolet Rays; Young Adult

The authors present a case of scalp and facial edema following craniofacial reconstruction for metopic craniosynostosis in which recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) was used to treat cranial defects related to the frontoorbital reconstruction. The extent of swelling, the onset, and duration were unusual for such cases and suggested a possible role of rhBMP-2 in inducing a local inflammatory response. The edema rapidly resolved after the patient underwent surgery to remove the rhBMP-2 implants.

Topics: Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Bone Plates; Child, Preschool; Cranial Sutures; Craniosynostoses; Craniotomy; Drug Implants; Edema; Facial Dermatoses; Frontal Bone; Humans; Male; Orbit; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Recombinant Proteins; Scalp Dermatoses; Transforming Growth Factor beta