tranexamic acid and Embolism, Pulmonary studies

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"A 46-year-old Asian woman who was usually fit and well with no remarkable past medical history except for menorrhagia of 1-year duration for which she was receiving tranexamic acid presented to our accident and emergency department with a 2-week history of intermittent pleuritic central chest pain."	7.96	Bilateral pulmonary embolism while receiving tranexamic acid: a case report. ( Adjei, S; Ijaopo, EO; Ijaopo, RO, 2020)
"Tranexamic acid (TXA) is used as a hemostatic adjunct for hemorrhage control in the injured patient and reduces early preventable death."	7.91	Tranexamic acid administration is associated with an increased risk of posttraumatic venous thromboembolism. ( Brown, JB; Kutcher, ME; Myers, SP; Neal, MD; Peitzman, AB; Rosengart, MR; Sperry, JL, 2019)
"The major concern with the use of tranexamic acid is that it may promote a hypercoagulable state and increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), particularly when chemical thromboprophylaxis is not used."	7.85	Chemical Thromboprophylaxis Is Not Necessary to Reduce Risk of Thromboembolism With Tranexamic Acid After Total Hip Arthroplasty. ( Kim, JS; Kim, YH; Park, JW, 2017)
"Tranexamic acid (TA) used in a variety of conditions associated with bleeding has been associated with potential thrombotic side effects such as formation of thrombi and pulmonary embolism (PE)."	7.77	Recurrent pulmonary embolism associated with a hemostatic drug: tranexamic acid. ( Krivokuca, I; Lammers, JW, 2011)
"Tranexamic acid (an antifibrinolytic agent) is of proven benefit in the treatment of bleeding in patients with congenital and acquired coagulation disorders."	7.71	Pulmonary embolism associated with tranexamic acid in severe acquired haemophilia. ( Cordingley, FT; Leahy, MF; Taparia, M, 2002)
"Tranexamic acid (AMCA) is an inhibitor of fibrinolysis used to treat fibrinolytic bleeding (e."	7.68	Treatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy, and the risk of thrombo-embolic complications. ( Astedt, B; Lindoff, C; Rybo, G, 1993)
"Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that has been shown to reduce blood loss following surgery."	5.91	Intravenous tranexamic acid is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism following sarcoma resection. ( Foster, D; Garner, H; Goulding, K; Houdek, M; Sebro, R; Spaulding, AC; Stanborough, R; Wilke, B, 2023)
"Hemoptysis and pulmonary embolism (PE) are life-threatening pulmonary emergencies that, when present together, create a therapeutic conundrum."	5.56	Nebulized Tranexamic Acid Therapy for Hemoptysis Associated with Submassive Pulmonary Embolism. ( Dhanani, JA; Reade, MC; Roberts, J, 2020)
"Systemic administration of TXA can effectively reduce the postoperative blood loss which results in lower rate of transfusion requirement and wound hematoma in minimally invasive TKA patients when rivaroxaban is used for thromboprophylaxis."	5.24	The Efficacy of Combined Use of Rivaroxaban and Tranexamic Acid on Blood Conservation in Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty a Double-Blind Randomized, Controlled Trial. ( Chen, B; Huang, CC; Kuo, FC; Lin, PC; Wang, JW; Yen, SH, 2017)
"This systematic review was undertaken to answer three specific questions relating to the clinical values of tranexamic acid (TNA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA): (1) Whether there are differences in blood-saving effects between the systemic and topical administrations; (2) Whether blood-saving effects of TNA differ by doses and timings of administration; and (3) Whether the use of TNA is safe at all reported doses, timings, and routes of administration with respect to the incidences of symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE)."	4.90	Practical issues for the use of tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review. ( Chang, CB; Kim, TK; Koh, IJ, 2014)
"A 46-year-old Asian woman who was usually fit and well with no remarkable past medical history except for menorrhagia of 1-year duration for which she was receiving tranexamic acid presented to our accident and emergency department with a 2-week history of intermittent pleuritic central chest pain."	3.96	Bilateral pulmonary embolism while receiving tranexamic acid: a case report. ( Adjei, S; Ijaopo, EO; Ijaopo, RO, 2020)
"Tranexamic acid (TXA) is used as a hemostatic adjunct for hemorrhage control in the injured patient and reduces early preventable death."	3.91	Tranexamic acid administration is associated with an increased risk of posttraumatic venous thromboembolism. ( Brown, JB; Kutcher, ME; Myers, SP; Neal, MD; Peitzman, AB; Rosengart, MR; Sperry, JL, 2019)
"To ascertain whether tranexamic acid reduces the blood loss and transfusion rate and volumes; increase the prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT); and investigate factors associated with DVT in patients undergoing primary bilateral total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) without use of chemical thromboprophylaxis."	3.88	Does tranexamic acid increase the risk of thromboembolism after bilateral simultaneous total knee arthroplasties in Asian Population? ( Kim, JS; Kim, YH; Park, JW; Seo, DH, 2018)
"The major concern with the use of tranexamic acid is that it may promote a hypercoagulable state and increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), particularly when chemical thromboprophylaxis is not used."	3.85	Chemical Thromboprophylaxis Is Not Necessary to Reduce Risk of Thromboembolism With Tranexamic Acid After Total Hip Arthroplasty. ( Kim, JS; Kim, YH; Park, JW, 2017)
" We are reporting the case of a 47-year-old lady, taking tranexamic acid for menorrhagia, who presented with shortness of breath and was diagnosed with extensive bilateral PE."	3.79	The great deception: tranexamic acid and extensive pulmonary emboli. ( King, C; Mak, V; Orhan, O; Salam, A, 2013)
" Reducing injection pain of local anesthetics, reducing irradiation by using alternative diagnostic tools in appendicitis suspicion, and identification of trauma patients who benefit from tranexamic acid administration are other illustrations of the efforts to improve efficacy, safety and comfort in the management of emergency patients."	3.78	[Emergency medicine: updates 2011]. ( Carron, PN; Dami, F; Grosgurin, O; Marti, C; Rutschmann, O; Rutz, P, 2012)
"Tranexamic acid (TA) used in a variety of conditions associated with bleeding has been associated with potential thrombotic side effects such as formation of thrombi and pulmonary embolism (PE)."	3.77	Recurrent pulmonary embolism associated with a hemostatic drug: tranexamic acid. ( Krivokuca, I; Lammers, JW, 2011)
" We then evaluated the patients' hemoglobin, hematocrit, activated thromboplastin time, international normalized ration, fibrinogen, and thrombocyte count and symptoms of pulmonary embolism."	3.73	The role of antifibrinolytic agents in gynecologic cancer surgery. ( Aypar, U; Canbay, O; Celebi, N; Celebioglu, B; Karagoz, AH; Selcuk, M, 2006)
"Tranexamic acid (an antifibrinolytic agent) is of proven benefit in the treatment of bleeding in patients with congenital and acquired coagulation disorders."	3.71	Pulmonary embolism associated with tranexamic acid in severe acquired haemophilia. ( Cordingley, FT; Leahy, MF; Taparia, M, 2002)
"Tranexamic acid (AMCA) is an inhibitor of fibrinolysis used to treat fibrinolytic bleeding (e."	3.68	Treatment with tranexamic acid during pregnancy, and the risk of thrombo-embolic complications. ( Astedt, B; Lindoff, C; Rybo, G, 1993)
"Temperature intervention combined with TXA can significantly reduce blood loss and the transfusion rate of spinal fusion in the perioperative period, reduce the length of stay and accelerate rehabilitation after surgery without increasing the incidence of DVT or PE."	3.30	The efficacy of temperature intervention combined with tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss and accelerating recovery during spinal fusion. ( Huang, X; Huang, Y; Li, F; Liang, B; Yin, D, 2023)
"Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been reported to reduce perioperative blood loss in hip or knee arthroplasty."	3.01	Efficacy and safety of single- and double-dose intravenous tranexamic acid in hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Cheng, QH; Guo, HZ; Yang, X; Yang, YZ; Zhang, AR; Zhang, ZZ, 2023)
"Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been considered effective in preventing anemia in total hip arthroplasty, but its role in hemiarthroplasty is debated."	3.01	Tranexamic acid in hip hemiarthroplasty surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Augustinus, S; Gardenbroek, TJ; Goslings, JC; Mulders, MAM, 2023)
" The ongoing trials create six new comparisons: tranexamic acid (tablet + injection) versus placebo; intravenous tranexamic acid versus oral tranexamic acid; topical tranexamic acid versus oral tranexamic acid; different intravenous tranexamic acid dosing regimes; topical tranexamic acid versus topical fibrin glue; and fibrinogen (injection) versus placebo."	3.01	Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of bleeding in people undergoing definitive fixation or joint replacement for hip, pelvic and long bone fractures. ( Brunskill, SJ; Champaneria, R; Dorée, C; Estcourt, LJ; Geneen, LJ; Gibbs, VN; Novak, A; Palmer, AJ; Raval, P, 2023)
"The primary outcome was postpartum hemorrhage, defined as a calculated estimated blood loss greater than 1000 ml or receipt of a red-cell transfusion within 2 days after delivery."	3.01	Tranexamic Acid for the Prevention of Blood Loss after Cesarean Delivery. ( Azria, E; Benard, A; Bohec, C; Bretelle, F; Chauleur, C; Daniel, V; Darsonval, A; de Marcillac, F; Deneux-Tharaux, C; Desbrière, R; Fuchs, F; Gallot, D; Gauchotte, E; Georget, A; Haddad, B; Kayem, G; Korb, D; Le Lous, M; Le Ray, C; Legendre, G; Letouzey, V; Madar, H; Mattuizzi, A; Mottet, N; Parant, O; Perrotin, F; Regueme, S; Roussillon, C; Rozenberg, P; Salomon, LJ; Sananès, N; Sénat, MV; Sentilhes, L; Vardon, D; Verspyck, E; Winer, N, 2021)
"Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98)."	2.94	Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ( , 2020)
"Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) events were monitored and recorded."	2.94	Combined use of intravenous and topical tranexamic acid efficiently reduces blood loss in patients aged over 60 operated with a 2-level lumbar fusion. ( Bai, T; Huang, Y; Li, J; Liu, Y; Wang, L, 2020)
"However, pulmonary embolism was statistically more frequent in 'TXA' group (11."	2.90	Benefits of the tranexamic acid in head trauma with no extracranial bleeding: a prospective follow-up of 180 patients. ( Bouaziz, M; Chakroun-Walha, O; Chtara, K; Jerbi, M; Kanoun, H; Ksibi, H; Nasri, A; Rekik, N; Samet, A; Souissi, B; Talbi, A, 2019)
"No episodes of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism occurred in all cases."	2.87	Multiple-Dose Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Further Reduces Hidden Blood Loss After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Chen, G; Huang, Q; Huang, Z; Lei, Y; Pei, F; Xie, J, 2018)
"No episodes of transfusion, pulmonary embolism, or major bleeding occurred in either group."	2.84	Comparison of Enoxaparin and Rivaroxaban in Balance of Anti-Fibrinolysis and Anticoagulation Following Primary Total Knee Replacement: A Pilot Study. ( Huang, Q; Ma, J; Pei, F; Xie, J; Yue, C, 2017)
"No pulmonary embolism was observed and no significant differences were found in other complications between the 2 groups."	2.82	The Efficacy and Safety of Combination of Intravenous and Topical Tranexamic Acid in Revision Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. ( Cao, F; Shen, B; Si, HB; Wu, YG; Yang, TM; Zeng, Y, 2016)
"Intravenous combined with topical administration of TXA in patients undergoing a primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty significantly reduced postoperative bleeding and the transfusion rate."	2.82	Tranexamic Acid Administration in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intravenous Combined with Topical Versus Single-Dose Intravenous Administration. ( Bin, S; Fuxing, P; Jing, Y; Pengde, K; Yi, Z; Zongke, Z, 2016)
"No symptomatic deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism was found in all patients."	2.79	Clinical value of tranexamic acid in unilateral and simultaneous bilateral TKAs under a contemporary blood-saving protocol: a randomized controlled trial. ( Chang, CB; Kang, YG; Kim, TK; Lee, JH; Lee, SH; Seo, ES; Yun, JH, 2014)
"Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been reported to reduce perioperative blood loss in hip joint arthroplasty."	2.53	Intravenous versus topical tranexamic acid in primary total hip replacement: A meta-analysis. ( Chen, P; Fang, Y; He, J; Liang, Y; Wang, J; Zhang, P, 2016)
"Meanwhile TA is recommended to reduce deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following TKA."	2.49	Use of intravenous tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Chen, C; Fu, DJ; Guo, L; Yang, L, 2013)
"The meta-analysis shows that the use of tranexamic acid for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty is effective and safe for the reduction of blood loss."	2.48	Effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss in total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis. ( Chen, WP; Wu, LD; Yang, ZG, 2012)
" A total of 19 trials were eligible: 18 used intravenous administration, one also evaluated oral dosing and one trial evaluated topical use."	2.47	Tranexamic acid in total knee replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ( Alshryda, S; Blenkinsopp, J; Mason, JM; Nargol, A; Sarda, P; Sukeik, M, 2011)
"Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that has been shown to reduce blood loss following surgery."	1.91	Intravenous tranexamic acid is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism following sarcoma resection. ( Foster, D; Garner, H; Goulding, K; Houdek, M; Sebro, R; Spaulding, AC; Stanborough, R; Wilke, B, 2023)
" Additional high-quality studies are still needed to determine the most appropriate dosing regimen."	1.72	No Difference in Blood Loss and Risk of Transfusion Between Patients Treated with One or Two Doses of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid After Simultaneous Bilateral TKA. ( Bugbee, WD; Copp, SN; Evans, AS; Ezzet, KA; McCauley, JC; Rosen, AS; Walker, RH; Wilde, JM, 2022)
"The use of TXA was not associated with an increased risk of adverse events including seizure, stroke, PE, and DVT."	1.72	Evaluation of the safety of tranexamic acid use in pediatric patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery: a retrospective comparative cohort study. ( Chang, PS; Chatterjee, A; Geiselmann, MT; Ivasyk, I; Jordan, C; Kamel, H; Khormaee, S, 2022)
"Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been used to treat severe bleeding events for nearly 60 years and is on the list of World Health Organization essential medicines."	1.72	Editorial Commentary: The Current Evidence in Support of Tranexamic Acid in Arthroscopic Surgery Is Poor. ( Hohmann, E, 2022)
" There is no consensus on the ideal dosing regimen in the literature, although there is a growing body of literature stating there is little benefit to additional doses."	1.62	One Versus Two Doses of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Arthroplasty. ( Bernstein, JA; Charette, RS; Kamath, AF; Nchako, CM; Nelson, CL; Sloan, M, 2021)
"Hemoptysis and pulmonary embolism (PE) are life-threatening pulmonary emergencies that, when present together, create a therapeutic conundrum."	1.56	Nebulized Tranexamic Acid Therapy for Hemoptysis Associated with Submassive Pulmonary Embolism. ( Dhanani, JA; Reade, MC; Roberts, J, 2020)
"This study demonstrated that intra-articular 1 g TXA administration during TKA is safe and effective for reducing blood loss and blood transfusion without increasing VTE risk."	1.51	Intra-articular 1 g tranexamic acid administration during total knee arthroplasty is safe and effective for the reduction of blood loss and blood transfusion. ( Furumatsu, T; Hino, T; Kamatsuki, Y; Kodama, Y; Masuda, S; Miyazawa, S; Okazaki, Y; Ozaki, T, 2019)
"Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been shown to significantly reduce transfusion rates in primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs), but high-quality evidence is limited in the revision setting."	1.51	Intravenous tranexamic acid safely and effectively reduces transfusion rates in revision total hip arthroplasty. ( Abdel, MP; Amundson, AW; Hernandez, NM; Hines, JT; Pagnano, MW; Sierra, RJ, 2019)
"Tranexamic acid was not used perioperatively."	1.46	Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolic Events Is Low in Asians After Total Knee Arthroplasty Without Chemoprophylaxis. ( Bin Abd Razak, HR; Binte Abd Razak, NF; Tan, HA, 2017)
"For the TXA+ group, 0."	1.46	Low Risk of Thromboembolic Events After Routine Administration of Tranexamic Acid in Hip and Knee Arthroplasty. ( Husted, H; Kallemose, T; Madsen, RV; Nielsen, CS; Troelsen, A, 2017)
"The incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism was evaluated."	1.43	Tranexamic Acid Can Be Administered to Arthroplasty Patients Who Receive Aspirin for Venous Thromboembolic Prophylaxis. ( Chen, AF; Heller, S; Parvizi, J; Secrist, E; Shahi, A, 2016)
"Tranexamic acid (TXA) has shown safety and efficacy in reducing blood loss associated with various surgical procedures."	1.42	Does Tranexamic Acid Reduce Blood Loss and Transfusion Requirements Associated With the Periacetabular Osteotomy? ( Baca, GR; Clohisy, JC; Keith, AD; Schoenecker, PL; Wingerter, SA, 2015)
"Tranexamic acid was effective in reducing the need for blood transfusions while not increasing the risk of complications, including thromboembolic events and renal failure."	1.40	Tranexamic acid use and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty in the United States: retrospective analysis of effectiveness and safety. ( Boettner, F; Danninger, T; Mazumdar, M; Memtsoudis, SG; Opperer, M; Poeran, J; Rasul, R; Suzuki, S, 2014)
"Tranexamic acid has been shown to reduce perioperative blood loss without increasing the risk of venous thromboembolism after total knee replacement."	1.39	Cerebrovascular infarction following bilateral total knee arthroplasty and tranexamic acid administration. ( Baker, J; Bruce-Brand, R; Dragomir, R; Harty, J, 2013)
"An 89-year-old woman with essential thrombocythemia and chronic respiratory failure was admitted for treatment of hemoptysis."	1.33	[A case of acute exacerbation of chronic pulmonary thromboembolism with essential thrombocythemia during treatment for hemoptysis]. ( Abe, T; Haraguchi, M; Hayashi, M; Ito, K; Nakajima, H; Sakagami, T; Tsutsui, N, 2006)
"In hamsters with pulmonary embolism given 0."	1.29	Differential inhibition with antifibrinolytic agents of staphylokinase and streptokinase induced clot lysis. ( Collen, D; Lijnen, HR; Stassen, JM, 1995)
"Pulmonary edema was induced by an intravenous infusion of bovine thrombin, 500 NIH/kg b."	1.27	Blockade of histamine receptors and thrombin-induced microembolic pulmonary edema in the rat. ( Gerdin, B; Sandler, H, 1985)

Research

Studies (94)

Authors

Clinical Trials (27)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Length of Hospital Stay

Blood Transfusion Rates, Defined Nominally (Binary) as Having at Least One Transfusion

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	11 (11.70)	18.7374
1990's	6 (6.38)	18.2507
2000's	5 (5.32)	29.6817
2010's	48 (51.06)	24.3611
2020's	24 (25.53)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Chang, MJ	1
Shin, JY	1
Yoon, C	1
Kim, TW	1
Chang, CB	3
Kang, SB	1
Hohmann, E	1
Wilde, JM	1
Copp, SN	1
Ezzet, KA	1
Rosen, AS	1
Walker, RH	1
McCauley, JC	1
Evans, AS	1
Bugbee, WD	1
Qu, W	1
Zhou, H	1
Tian, P	2
Qin, X	1
Zhang, Y	1
Shen, W	1
Zhang, D	1
Wu, X	2
Kong, Q	1
Wang, Y	2
Zhang, B	1
Feng, P	1
Wu, Y	5
Guo, C	1
Li, W	1
Porter, SB	2
Spaulding, AC	3
Duncan, CM	2
Wilke, BK	2
Pagnano, MW	3
Abdel, MP	3
Ling, T	1
Zhang, L	1
Huang, L	1
Ivasyk, I	1
Chatterjee, A	1
Jordan, C	1
Geiselmann, MT	1
Chang, PS	1
Kamel, H	1
Khormaee, S	1
Augustinus, S	2
Mulders, MAM	2
Gardenbroek, TJ	2
Goslings, JC	2
Zheng, C	3
Ma, J	4
Xu, J	3
Wu, L	3
Liu, Y	5
Shen, B	5
Li, M	1
Gibbs, VN	1
Geneen, LJ	1
Champaneria, R	1
Raval, P	1
Dorée, C	1
Brunskill, SJ	1
Novak, A	1
Palmer, AJ	1
Estcourt, LJ	1
Foster, D	1
Sebro, R	1
Garner, H	1
Stanborough, R	1
Goulding, K	1
Houdek, M	1
Wilke, B	1
Yang, YZ	1
Cheng, QH	1
Zhang, AR	1
Yang, X	1
Zhang, ZZ	1
Guo, HZ	1
Knowlton, LM	1
Arnow, K	1
Trickey, AW	1
Sauaia, A	1
Knudson, MM	1
Li, F	1
Huang, X	1
Huang, Y	2
Liang, B	1
Yin, D	1
Sukeik, M	2
Alshryda, S	2
Powell, J	1
Haddad, FS	1
Charette, RS	1
Bernstein, JA	1
Sloan, M	1
Nchako, CM	1
Kamath, AF	1
Nelson, CL	1
Li, J	1
Wang, L	1
Bai, T	1
Yang, L	2
Jia, X	1
Yang, J	1
Kang, J	1
Ijaopo, EO	1
Ijaopo, RO	1
Adjei, S	1
Sentilhes, L	1
Sénat, MV	1
Le Lous, M	1
Winer, N	1
Rozenberg, P	1
Kayem, G	1
Verspyck, E	1
Fuchs, F	1
Azria, E	1
Gallot, D	1
Korb, D	1
Desbrière, R	1
Le Ray, C	1
Chauleur, C	1
de Marcillac, F	1
Perrotin, F	1
Parant, O	1
Salomon, LJ	1
Gauchotte, E	1
Bretelle, F	1
Sananès, N	1
Bohec, C	1
Mottet, N	1
Legendre, G	1
Letouzey, V	1
Haddad, B	1
Vardon, D	1
Madar, H	1
Mattuizzi, A	1
Daniel, V	1
Regueme, S	1
Roussillon, C	1
Benard, A	1
Georget, A	1
Darsonval, A	1
Deneux-Tharaux, C	1
Patil, V	1
Ratnayake, G	1
Fastovets, G	1
Liu, WB	1
Li, ZJ	1
Xu, GJ	2
Huang, YT	1
Ma, XL	2
Dai, WL	1
Zhou, AG	1
Zhang, H	1
Zhang, J	1
Wang, Z	1
Shen, X	1
Boonyawat, K	1
O'Brien, SH	1
Bates, SM	1
Kim, YH	2
Park, JW	2
Kim, JS	2
Seo, DH	1
Liu, Q	1
Geng, P	1
Shi, L	1
Wang, Q	1
Wang, P	1
Lei, Y	1
Huang, Q	2
Huang, Z	1
Xie, J	3
Chen, G	1
Pei, F	3
Chakroun-Walha, O	1
Samet, A	1
Jerbi, M	1
Nasri, A	1
Talbi, A	1
Kanoun, H	1
Souissi, B	1
Chtara, K	1
Bouaziz, M	1
Ksibi, H	1
Rekik, N	1
Xiong, H	1
Zeng, Y	2
Myers, SP	1
Kutcher, ME	1
Rosengart, MR	1
Sperry, JL	1
Peitzman, AB	1
Brown, JB	1
Neal, MD	1
Yu, CC	1
Kadri, O	1
Kadado, A	1
Buraimoh, M	1
Pawloski, J	1
Bartol, S	1
Graziano, G	1
Chen, X	1
Zheng, F	1
Zheng, Z	1
Wu, C	1
Hines, JT	1
Hernandez, NM	1
Amundson, AW	1
Sierra, RJ	1
Dhanani, JA	1
Roberts, J	1
Reade, MC	1
Kamatsuki, Y	1
Miyazawa, S	1
Furumatsu, T	1
Kodama, Y	1
Hino, T	1
Okazaki, Y	2
Masuda, S	1
Ozaki, T	1
Fu, DJ	1
Chen, C	1
Guo, L	1
Kim, TK	2
Koh, IJ	1
Kang, YG	1
Seo, ES	1
Lee, JH	1
Yun, JH	1
Lee, SH	1
Gybel, M	1
Kristensen, K	1
Roseva-Nielsen, N	1
Bruce-Brand, R	1
Dragomir, R	1
Baker, J	1
Harty, J	1
Poeran, J	1
Rasul, R	1
Suzuki, S	1
Danninger, T	1
Mazumdar, M	1
Opperer, M	1
Boettner, F	1
Memtsoudis, SG	1
Wang, C	1
Han, Z	1
Ma, JX	1
Jiang, X	1
Yue, C	2
Yang, P	1
Kang, P	1
Wingerter, SA	1
Keith, AD	1
Schoenecker, PL	1
Baca, GR	1
Clohisy, JC	1
Wei, Z	1
Liu, M	1
Chen, JY	1
Lo, NN	1
Tay, DK	1
Chin, PL	1
Chia, SL	1
Yeo, SJ	1
Heller, S	1
Secrist, E	1
Shahi, A	1
Chen, AF	1
Parvizi, J	1
Wu, YG	1
Yang, TM	1
Si, HB	1
Cao, F	1
Deng, C	1
Wu, D	1
Yang, M	1
Chen, Y	1
Ding, H	1
Zhong, Z	1
Lian, N	1
Zhang, Q	1
Wu, S	1
Liu, K	1
Sun, X	1
Dong, Q	1
Zhang, YG	1
Yi, Z	1
Bin, S	1
Jing, Y	1
Zongke, Z	1
Pengde, K	1
Fuxing, P	1
Shin, YS	1
Yoon, JR	1
Lee, HN	1
Park, SH	1
Lee, DH	1
Wang, JW	1
Chen, B	1
Lin, PC	1
Yen, SH	1
Huang, CC	1
Kuo, FC	1
Bin Abd Razak, HR	1
Binte Abd Razak, NF	1
Tan, HA	1
Madsen, RV	1
Nielsen, CS	1
Kallemose, T	1
Husted, H	1
Troelsen, A	1
Zhang, XQ	1
Ni, J	1
Ge, WH	1
Zhang, P	2
Liang, Y	2
Chen, P	2
Fang, Y	2
He, J	2
Wang, J	2
Krivokuca, I	1
Lammers, JW	1
MacGillivray, RG	1
Tarabichi, SB	1
Hawari, MF	1
Raoof, NT	1
Sarda, P	1
Nargol, A	1
Blenkinsopp, J	1
Mason, JM	1
Marti, C	1
Grosgurin, O	1
Dami, F	1
Rutz, P	1
Carron, PN	1
Rutschmann, O	1
Inangil, G	1
Yedekci, AE	1
Sen, H	1
Yang, ZG	1
Chen, WP	1
Wu, LD	1
Maruna, P	1
Klein, AA	1
Kunstýř, J	1
Plocová, KM	1
Mlejnský, F	1
Lindner, J	1
Salam, A	1
King, C	1
Orhan, O	1
Mak, V	1
Taparia, M	1
Cordingley, FT	1
Leahy, MF	1
Hirasawa, K	1
Yamada, D	1
Komine, M	1
Ogishima, T	1
Yamaguchi, H	1
Tominaga, T	1
Hynes, MC	1
Calder, P	1
Rosenfeld, P	1
Scott, G	1
Celebi, N	1
Celebioglu, B	1
Selcuk, M	1
Canbay, O	1
Karagoz, AH	1
Aypar, U	1
Abe, T	1
Hayashi, M	1
Sakagami, T	1
Tsutsui, N	1
Ito, K	1
Nakajima, H	1
Haraguchi, M	1
Lijnen, HR	1
Stassen, JM	1
Collen, D	1
Marsh, JJ	2
Konopka, RG	1
Lang, IM	1
Wang, HY	1
Pedersen, C	2
Chiles, P	1
Reilly, CF	1
Moser, KM	2
Lindoff, C	1
Rybo, G	1
Astedt, B	1
Malik, AB	3
Lee, BC	1
van der Zee, H	2
Johnson, A	1
Lindquist, O	3
Saldeen, T	3
Svensjö, E	1
Wallin, R	1
Costabella, PM	1
Kapanci, Y	1
Hedlund, PO	1
Tomikawa, M	1
Sandler, H	2
Schneider, J	1
Cantor, JP	1
Olman, M	1
Villespin, I	1
Graif, JL	1
Konopka, R	1
Townsley, MI	1
Barman, SA	1
Taylor, AE	1
Woo, KS	2
Tse, LK	2
Woo, JL	2
Vallance-Owen, J	2
McCandless, BK	1
Kaplan, JE	1
Cooper, JA	1
Gerdin, B	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Precise Application of Topical Tranexamic Acid to Enhance Endoscopic Hemostasis for Peptic Ulcer Bleeding: A Randomized Controlled Study[NCT05248321]		60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2022-03-24	Completed
Tranexamic Acid for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage: an International Randomised, Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT01658124]	Phase 3	12,009 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
TRAnexamic Acid for Preventing Postpartum Hemorrhage Following a Cesarean Delivery :a Multicenter Randomised, Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial (TRAAP2)[NCT03431805]	Phase 3	4,574 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-03	Completed
Oral Tranexamic Acid vs. Oral Aminocaproic Acid to Reduce Blood Loss, Transfusion Index and Complications After Total Hip Replacement. A Prospective, Randomized, Double Blind Clinical Trial[NCT04187014]	Phase 2	90 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-02-06	Completed
Evaluating the Use of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in Total Joint Arthroplasty[NCT03825939]	Phase 4	52 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-04-21	Terminated (stopped due to Lack of patient enrollment due to only one surgeon that was enrolling.)
Single Centre Randomised Controlled Trial to Assess the Effect of the Addition of Twenty-four Hours of Oral Tranexamic Acid Post-operatively to a Single Intra-operative Intravenous Dose of Tranexamic Acid on Calculated Blood Loss Following Primary Hip and[NCT03690037]	Phase 4	1,089 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-07-07	Completed
Comparison of the Effect of Two Common Regimens of Administration of Tranexamic Acid on Hemostasis and Clinical Outcome of Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty[NCT04443920]	Phase 4	86 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-10-29	Completed
The Use of Tranexamic Acid to Reduce the Need for Transfusion 1 Week Post-operatively for Hemiarthroplasty or Intramedullary Nailing Needed to Correct Acute Hip Fractures[NCT02947529]	Phase 4	113 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-08-31	Completed
Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Topical Versus Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Anterior Total Hip Arthroplasty[NCT03359525]	Phase 4	114 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-07-01	Recruiting
The Effect of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) on Blood Loss and Transfusion Rates in Burn Wound Surgery - A Randomized, Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Trial[NCT02753816]		25 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-30	Terminated (stopped due to Study enrollment and goals unable to be reached.)
Local Injection of Tranexamic Acid May Reduce Bleeding, Injection Pain, and Other Post-op Complications During Mohs Micrographic Surgery[NCT04630886]	Early Phase 1	200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-06-16	Enrolling by invitation
The Effectiveness Of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid (TXA) on Reducing Perioperative Blood Loss For Patients Undergoing Periacetabular Osteotomy (PAO): A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial[NCT03823417]	Phase 4	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-07-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to Investigators decided not to begin the study.)
Tranexamic Acid for the Prevention of Obstetrical Hemorrhage After Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT03364491]	Phase 3	11,000 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-03-15	Completed
Intravenous Tranexamic Acid to Reduce Blood Loss in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty[NCT02043132]	Phase 2/Phase 3	116 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-09-30	Completed
The Comparative Efficacy of Peri-articular and Intraarticular Tranexamic Acid in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-Blind Randomized, Controlled Trial[NCT03074994]	Phase 2	108 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-10-31	Recruiting
The Use of Tranexamic Acid in Irrigation Fluid to Improve Arthroscopic Visualization in Shoulder Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT04594408]	Phase 4	128 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-09-01	Active, not recruiting
Peri-articular Tranexamic Acid Injection in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02829346]	Phase 2	60 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Perioperative Tranexamic Acid During Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Clinical Trial[NCT05919615]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2021-07-15	Completed
Serial Use of Intravenous and Oral Tranexamic Acid in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study[NCT03109652]	Phase 4	144 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-07-10	Recruiting
Tranexamic Acid in Knee Joint Surgery - a Randomised Controlled Trial[NCT02278263]	Phase 4	150 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-12-31	Completed
Investigation of the Blood Sparing Properties of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid With Anatomic and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty[NCT02569658]		110 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
The Combined Efficacy of Evicel and Tranexamic Acid on Total Knee Arthroplasty During the Early Perioperative Period[NCT02553122]	Phase 3	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Withdrawn (stopped due to Data has been published on this study (this would have been a duplicate study))
Effects on Bleeding in Knee Arthroplasty After Ischemic Preconditioning With Sevoflurane[NCT03379103]		30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-02	Completed
Topical Application of Tranexamic Acid to Reduce Postoperative Blood Loss in Posterior Approach Spinal Surgery[NCT02063035]	Phase 4	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Completed
IV Tranexamic Acid Prior to Hysterectomy for Reduction of Intraoperative Blood Loss: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial[NCT02911831]	Early Phase 1	71 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Completed
The Effect of Local Tranexamic Acid on Post-operative Edema and Ecchymosis in Eyelid Surgery[NCT04951128]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-08-01	Not yet recruiting
Tranexamic Acid in Surgery of Advanced Ovarian Cancer - a Prospective Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study[NCT00740116]	Phase 4	100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-03-31	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Intervention	Days (Mean)
Intravenous Tranexamic Acid	3
Intravenous Placebo	3
Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Followed by Intravenous Placebo	3

To determine the impact of perioperative administration of Tranexamic Acid on transfusion rates in major burn surgeries. (NCT02753816)
Timeframe: First burn surgery to hospital discharge

Effect of Tranexamic Acid on the Total Length of Hospital Admission for a Large (350 cm2) Burn Injury

Intervention	Patients with 1 or more transfusions (Number)
Tranexamic Acid	2
Placebo	3

To determine the impact of Tranexamic Acid on total hospital length of stay by comparing the hospital admission date and the hospital discharge date. This determination will take into account current burn size and location, procedures performed and their effect on wound healing and skin graft survival. (NCT02753816)
Timeframe: Hospital admission to hospital discharge

Intraoperative Blood Loss in mL

Intervention	Days (Median)
Tranexamic Acid	23
Placebo	9

To determine the impact of perioperative administration of Tranexamic Acid on blood loss in major burn surgeries. (NCT02753816)
Timeframe: Intraoperative, average 122 minutes

Change in Hemoglobin

Intervention	mL (Median)
Tranexamic Acid	100
Placebo	325

[Key secondary outcome] Change in hemoglobin from the most recent measured before delivery to lowest measured in the 48 hours after delivery (NCT03364491)
Timeframe: from 4 weeks before delivery to 48 hours postpartum

Length of Stay

Intervention	grams per deciliter (Mean)
Tranexamic Acid	-1.8
Placebo	-1.9

Mother's length of stay from delivery to discharge (NCT03364491)
Timeframe: Until hospital discharge, an average of 3 days

Number of Mothers Who Died or Had Thromboembolic Events (Venous or Arterial), Ischemic Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, New-onset Seizure Activity, or Were Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for More Than 24 Hours

Number of Participants Who Received Open Label TXA or Other Antifibrinolytic

Intervention	days (Median)
Tranexamic Acid	3
Placebo	3

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	35
Placebo	32

This is the number of mothers who were treated with any amount of open-label TXA (not blinded study drug) or another antifibrinolytic (eg., Amicar) (NCT03364491)
Timeframe: within 7 days postpartum

Number of Participants Who Received Surgical or Radiologic Interventions to Control Bleeding and Related Complications

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	108
Placebo	109

This is the number of mothers who required any of the following types of surgical procedures to control bleeding: laparotomy, evacuation of hematoma, hysterectomy, uterine packing, intrauterine balloon tamponade, interventional radiology (NCT03364491)
Timeframe: within 7 days postpartum

Number of Participants Who Received Treatments and Interventions in Response to Bleeding and Related Complications

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	233
Placebo	231

[Key secondary outcome] This is the number of mothers who received treatments and interventions to control bleeding such as: uterotonics such as prostaglandins or methergine, but excluding oxytocin; open label TXA or other antifibrinolytics; transfusion of 1 or more units of fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, or platelets or administration of any factor concentrates; laparotomy, evacuation of hematoma, hysterectomy, uterine packing, intrauterine balloon tamponade, interventional radiology (NCT03364491)
Timeframe: within 7 days postpartum

Number of Participants Who Were Transfused With 4 or More Units of Packed Red Blood Cells

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	892
Placebo	986

Participants were categorized according to the amount of packed red blood cells or whole blood transfused, either as 0 to 3 units, or 4 or more units (NCT03364491)
Timeframe: within 7 days postpartum

Number of Participants Who Were Transfused With Other Blood Products

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	20
Placebo	19

This is the number of mothers who received during the first 7 days after delivery a transfusion of 1 or more units of fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, or platelets, or received any factor concentrates (NCT03364491)
Timeframe: within 7 days postpartum

Number of Participants Who Were Treated With Uterotonics Other Than Oxytocin

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	29
Placebo	31

This is the number of mothers who were treated with uterotonics such as prostaglandins or methergine, but excluding oxytocin, from delivery through 48 hours after delivery. (NCT03364491)
Timeframe: within 48 hours postpartum

Number of Participants With a Thromboembolic Event (Venous or Arterial), Ischemic Stroke, or Myocardial Infarction

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	649
Placebo	732

[Key secondary outcome] This is the number of mothers who experienced a thromboembolic event, ischemic stroke, or myocardial infarction during the 6 weeks after delivery. (NCT03364491)
Timeframe: within 6 weeks postpartum

Number of Participants With Estimated Blood Loss Greater Than 1 Liter During Delivery

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	12
Placebo	13

[Major secondary outcome] The surgeon or anesthesiologist estimated the blood loss during the delivery in milliliters, which was recorded in the anesthesia record and/or operative report (NCT03364491)
Timeframe: From skin incision to transfer from operating room, average of 1 hour

Number of Participants With Maternal Death or Transfusion of Packed Red Blood Cells

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	339
Placebo	368

Participants were monitored from delivery until hospital discharge or 7 days after delivery (postpartum), whichever is sooner. This is the number of mothers who died for any reason, or had a blood transfusion of 1 or more units (of packed red blood cells, including whole blood or cell saver). (NCT03364491)
Timeframe: by hospital discharge or by 7 days postpartum, whichever is sooner

Number of Participants With Postpartum Infectious Complications

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	201
Placebo	233

[Key Secondary Outcome] This is the number of mothers who experienced any of the following infectious complications in the 6 weeks after delivery: endometritis, surgical site infection, pelvic abscess (NCT03364491)
Timeframe: within 6 weeks postpartum

Number of Participants With Seizure Activity That Was Not Seen Prior to Study Enrollment

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	162
Placebo	125

This is the number of mothers who experienced seizure activity, confirmed by central review, whose onset is after enrollment (NCT03364491)
Timeframe: within 6 weeks postpartum

Number of Participants Experiencing Deep Vein Thrombosis

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	2
Placebo	0

"The occurrence of the following systemic and surgical site complications within 6 weeks of surgery will be recorded. Data will be obtained from EMR and from patient at standard of care 2 week and 6 week follow-up appointment.~Deep venous thrombosis" (NCT02043132)
Timeframe: up to 6-weeks post-operatively

Number of Participants Experiencing Hematoma as a Surgical Site Complication

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	0
Normal Saline	0

"The occurrence of the following systemic and surgical site complications within 6 weeks of surgery will be recorded. Data will be obtained from EMR and from patient at standard of care 2 week and 6 week follow-up appointment.~Hematoma" (NCT02043132)
Timeframe: up to 6-weeks post-operatively

Number of Participants Experiencing Infection as a Surgical Site Complication

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	0
Normal Saline	0

"The occurrence of the following systemic and surgical site complications within 6 weeks of surgery will be recorded. Data will be obtained from EMR and from patient at standard of care 2 week and 6 week follow-up appointment.~Infection" (NCT02043132)
Timeframe: up to 6-weeks post-operatively

Number of Participants Experiencing Myocardial Infarction

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	0
Normal Saline	0

"The occurrence of the following systemic and surgical site complications within 6 weeks of surgery will be recorded. Data will be obtained from EMR and from patient at standard of care 2 week and 6 week follow-up appointment.~Myocardial infarction" (NCT02043132)
Timeframe: up to 6-weeks post-operatively

Number of Participants Experiencing Pulmonary Embolism

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	0
Normal Saline	1

"The occurrence of the following systemic and surgical site complications within 6 weeks of surgery will be recorded. Data will be obtained from EMR and from patient at standard of care 2 week and 6 week follow-up appointment.~Pulmonary Embolism" (NCT02043132)
Timeframe: up to 6-weeks post-operatively

Total Blood Loss

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid	0
Normal Saline	0

Total Blood Loss as calculated according to method as described by Good et al. Total Blood Loss (mL) = 1000 X Hb(loss)/Hb(initial) (NCT02043132)
Timeframe: Preoperative through Postoperative Days 1 and 2

Total Drain Output

Intervention	Total Blood Loss (mL) (Mean)
Tranexamic Acid	1122.4
Normal Saline	1472

Total Drain Output as measured postoperatively 0-48 hours (NCT02043132)
Timeframe: 0-48 hours postoperatively

Total Hemoglobin Loss

Intervention	mL (Mean)
Tranexamic Acid	221
Normal Saline	372

Total hemoglobin loss estimated using the formula for total blood volume described by Nadler et al Hb(loss) = blood volume (L) x [Hb(initial)(g/L) - Hb(final)(g/L)] + Hb(transfused) (NCT02043132)
Timeframe: Preoperative through Postoperative Days 1 and 2

Blood Loss

Intervention	g (Mean)
Tranexamic Acid	154.6
Normal Saline	200.1

"The loss of haemoglobin (Hb) was then estimated according to the formula:~Hb(loss) = Blood volume (BV) x (Hbi-Hbe) x 0.001+Hbt~where Hb (loss) (g) is the amount of Hb lost, Hbi (g/L) the Hb concentration before surgery, Hbe (g/L) is the Hbe concentration on the third day after surgery, and Hbt (g) is the total amount of allogeneic Hb transfused. A unit of banked blood is considered to contain a minimum of 40g Hb (Blood component data sheet, New Zealand Blood Services [NZBS]). All units of blood are processed and stored in a nationally standardised manner. The blood loss (ml) was related to the patient's preoperative Hb value (g/L):~Blood loss =1000 x Hb(loss) /Hbi" (NCT02278263)
Timeframe: Post operative day 3

Length of Stay (LOS)

Intervention	mls (Mean)
Control	1090
Intraarticular	716
Systemic	746

Day of surgery is counted as Day 0. (NCT02278263)
Timeframe: Average length of stay is expected to be 3 to 5 days

Number of Participants Receiving Allogenic Blood Transfusion

Intervention	days (Median)
Control	4
Topical	4
Systemic	4

"Those patients receiving blood products. Standardised protocol is as follows:~The criterion for transfusion of blood products will be a haemoglobin < 80g/L or a haemoglobin <100g/L in a patient with ischaemic heart disease or with significant symptomatology" (NCT02278263)
Timeframe: Participants will be followed for the duration of their hospital stay expected to be an average of 3-5 days

Perioperative Fluid Administration

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Control	2
Topical	1
Systemic	0

Intravenous fluid (excluding blood transfusion) given during and first 24 hours after surgery (NCT02278263)
Timeframe: Day 1

Number of Participants Experiencing Symptomatic Venothromboembolic (VTE) Disease

Intervention	mls (Mean)
Control	1765
Topical	1613
Systemic	1807

Rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (PE) in each group recorded as a percentage (NCT02278263)
Timeframe: Postoperatively within 30 days after surgery

Range of Active Flexion

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	DVT	PE
Control	0	0
Systemic	0	1
Topical	0	2

Range of motion measured in degrees on postoperative days 1-3 (NCT02278263)
Timeframe: Days 1-3

Range of Passive Flexion

Intervention	degrees (Mean)
	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3
Control	57	71	75
Systemic	58	72	78
Topical	65	75	82

Range of motion measured in degrees for postoperative days 1 to 3 (NCT02278263)
Timeframe: Days 1-3

Number of Participants With Deep Vein Thrombosis

Intervention	degrees (Mean)
	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3
Control	65	76	82
Systemic	68	80	87
Topical	74	81	87

Must be diagnosed via ultrasound duplex (NCT02569658)
Timeframe: 30 days post-operative

Number of Participants With Pulmonary Embolism

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid Group	0
Placebo Group	1

Must be diagnosed via CT chest or V/Q lung scan (NCT02569658)
Timeframe: 30 days post-operative

Number of Participants With Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid Group	0
Placebo Group	0

Must be diagnosed via CT scan or MRI (NCT02569658)
Timeframe: 30 days post-operative

Number of Patients Transfused

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid Group	0
Placebo Group	0

Patients who received a post-op transfusion of pack red blood cells (NCT02569658)
Timeframe: Average of 3 days post-operatively

Number of Units Transfused

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Acid Group	0
Placebo Group	0

Units of pack red blood cells that the patients recieved (NCT02569658)
Timeframe: Average of 3 days post-operatively

Post-operative Blood Loss

Intervention	Units of PRBCs (Number)
Tranexamic Acid Group	0
Placebo Group	0

Equated based on the patient's predicted blood volume and change in hemoglobin from the pre-operative level to the lowest post-operative level. (NCT02569658)
Timeframe: Average of 3 days post-operatively

Blood Loss Volume Following Surgery

Intervention	mL (Mean)
Tranexamic Acid Group	152.2
Placebo Group	178.0

Blood loss following surgery was defined as the total amount of fluid collected from the drain in the wound site during the hospital stay. (NCT02063035)
Timeframe: From end of surgery on Day 1 to end of hospital stay up to approximately 5 days

Change in Hemoglobin Level From Preoperative Appointment to Postoperative Hospital Discharge

Intervention	mL (Median)
Tranexamic Acid	534
Placebo	530

Blood loss was calculated from the difference between the level of hemoglobin at the preoperative appointment and the lowest level during the postoperative hospitalization period. Reported here is the change in hemoglobin level after surgery. A negative number indicates a reduction in hemoglobin level. (NCT02063035)
Timeframe: From preoperative appointment approximately one week before surgery to end of hospital stay up to approximately 5 days after surgery

Hospital Length of Stay in Days

Intervention	grams per deciliter (g/dL) (Median)
Tranexamic Acid	-3.2
Placebo	-4.6

The number of days the participants stayed in the hospital after surgery was recorded. (NCT02063035)
Timeframe: From end of surgery on Day 1 to end of hospital stay up to approximately 2 weeks

Post-operative Blood Transfusions During Hospitalization

Intervention	days (Median)
Tranexamic Acid	5
Placebo	6

All units of blood transfused during the hospital stay after surgery were recorded. One red blood cell unit contains 300 to 360 mL of whole blood. (NCT02063035)
Timeframe: From end of surgery on Day 1 to end of hospital stay up to approximately 5 days

Median Number of Transfused Units of Red Blood Cells (RBC)

Intervention	units of blood (Median)
Tranexamic Acid	0
Placebo	0

Median number of red blood cells transfused among those who received RBC transfusions (NCT00740116)
Timeframe: From start of operation to discharge from hospital, up to 5 weeks

Number of Patients Receiving Blood Transfusions

Intervention	units (Median)
The Placebo Group	2
The Tranexamic Acid Group	2

Total number of RBC-transfused women in each group (NCT00740116)
Timeframe: From start of operation to discharge from hospital, up to 5 weeks

Number of Patients With Clinically or Radiologically Verified Thromboembolic Events Within 5 Weeks Postoperatively

Intervention	participants (Number)
Tranexamic Group	15
Placebo Group	22

Thromboembolic events including arterial thrombosis, muscle vein thrombosis, superficial and deep venous thrombosis. (NCT00740116)
Timeframe: From time of operation to 5 weeks postoperatively.

Number of Units of Red Blood Cells (RBC) Transfused

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Tranexamic Group	2
Placebo Group	5

Total number of red blood cells (RBC) transfused across all participants (NCT00740116)
Timeframe: From start of operation to discharge from hospital, up to 5 weeks

Perioperative Bleeding Volume

Estimation of total blood loss was based on the estimation of the Hb balance method (Brecher, et al.1997) with the assumption that the body blood volume was normalised on the fifth postoperative day. The haemoglobin level was assessed preoperatively and on the fifth postoperative day. The predicted blood volume (PBV, l) was calculated according to the method described by Nadler et al. (1962), using body weight and height. The extravasation of haemoglobin was calculated taking into account allogenic transfused haemoglobin. Total blood loss perioperatively was related to the patient's preoperative haemoglobin value. Blood loss due to haematomas or a reoperation within the first five days after surgery was also considered. (NCT00740116)
Timeframe: From start of operation to discharge from hospital, up to 5 weeks

Article	Year
Effect of Sequential Intravenous and Oral Tranexamic Acid on Hemoglobin Drop After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 2022, 01-19, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Administration, Oral; Aged; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Arthroplasty, Repl	2022
Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery, 2022, Apr-15, Volume: 36, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Blood Loss, Su	2022
The efficacy of temperature intervention combined with tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss and accelerating recovery during spinal fusion. Medicine, 2023, Nov-24, Volume: 102, Issue:47 Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Blood Loss, Surgical; Hemoglobins; Humans; Postoperative Hemorrhage; Pulmon	2023
Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2020, 06-20, Volume: 395, Issue:10241 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Case-Control Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fema	2020
Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2020, 06-20, Volume: 395, Issue:10241 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Case-Control Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fema	2020
Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2020, 06-20, Volume: 395, Issue:10241 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Case-Control Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fema	2020
Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 2020, 06-20, Volume: 395, Issue:10241 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Aged; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Case-Control Studies; Double-Blind Method; Fema	2020
Combined use of intravenous and topical tranexamic acid efficiently reduces blood loss in patients aged over 60 operated with a 2-level lumbar fusion. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 2020, Aug-20, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Administration, Topical; Age Factors; Aged; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Blood Loss, Surgical; Blood Tra	2020
Tranexamic acid reduces blood cost in long-segment spinal fusion surgery: A randomized controlled study protocol. Medicine, 2020, 09-11, Volume: 99, Issue:37 Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Blood Loss, Surgical; Blood Transfusion; Double-Blind Method; Female; Human	2020
Tranexamic Acid for the Prevention of Blood Loss after Cesarean Delivery. The New England journal of medicine, 2021, 04-29, Volume: 384, Issue:17 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Adult; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Blood Transfusion; Cesarean Section; Do	2021
Multiple-Dose Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Further Reduces Hidden Blood Loss After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of arthroplasty, 2018, Volume: 33, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Aged; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Blood Lo	2018
Benefits of the tranexamic acid in head trauma with no extracranial bleeding: a prospective follow-up of 180 patients. European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, 2019, Volume: 45, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Blood Component Transfusion; Br	2019
Intravenous and Oral Tranexamic Acid Are Equivalent at Reducing Blood Loss in Thoracolumbar Spinal Fusion: A Prospective Randomized Trial. Spine, 2019, Jun-01, Volume: 44, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Administration, Oral; Aged; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Blood Loss, Surgic	2019
Clinical value of tranexamic acid in unilateral and simultaneous bilateral TKAs under a contemporary blood-saving protocol: a randomized controlled trial. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2014, Volume: 22, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Blood Transfusion; Clinical Protocol	2014
The Efficacy and Safety of Combination of Intravenous and Topical Tranexamic Acid in Revision Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. The Journal of arthroplasty, 2016, Volume: 31, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Administration, Topical; Aged; Animals; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Arthro	2016
Tranexamic Acid Administration in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intravenous Combined with Topical Versus Single-Dose Intravenous Administration. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume, 2016, Jun-15, Volume: 98, Issue:12 Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Administration, Topical; Adult; Aged; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Arthropl	2016
The Efficacy of Combined Use of Rivaroxaban and Tranexamic Acid on Blood Conservation in Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty a Double-Blind Randomized, Controlled Trial. The Journal of arthroplasty, 2017, Volume: 32, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Blood Loss, Surgical; Blood Transfus	2017
Comparison of Enoxaparin and Rivaroxaban in Balance of Anti-Fibrinolysis and Anticoagulation Following Primary Total Knee Replacement: A Pilot Study. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 2017, Feb-08, Volume: 23 Topics: Aged; Anticoagulants; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Blood Coagulation; Drug Interactions; Enoxapa	2017
Tranexamic acid to reduce blood loss after bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized double blind study. The Journal of arthroplasty, 2011, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Blood Transfusion, Autologous; Dose-	2011
The use of tranexamic acid to reduce blood loss during total hip arthroplasty: an observational study. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2005, Volume: 87, Issue:2 Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Blood Loss, Surgical; Cohort Studies; Femal	2005
Postoperative venous thrombosis in benign prostatic disease. A study of 316 patients, using the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology, 1975, Issue:27 suppl Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dextrans; Fibrinogen; Heparin; Humans; Male; Middle A	1975

tranexamic acid and Embolism, Pulmonary