Page last updated: 2024-08-23

tramadol and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms

tramadol has been researched along with Drug Withdrawal Symptoms in 53 studies

Research

Studies (53)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	1 (1.89)	18.7374
1990's	3 (5.66)	18.2507
2000's	22 (41.51)	29.6817
2010's	19 (35.85)	24.3611
2020's	8 (15.09)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Bateman, BT; Esposito, DB; Hernández-Díaz, S; Huybrechts, KF; Mogun, H; Straub, L; Werler, MM	1
Bhoora, U; Gloeck, NR; Scheibe, A	1
Maiti, R; Mishra, BR; Mohapatra, D; Padhan, M	1
Cheng, S; Sams, C	1
Bergeria, C; Dunn, K; Huhn, AS; Strain, EC	1
Harburg, GR; Harris, K; Isoardi, KZ	1
Aguilar, L; Álvarez-Navares, A; Casado-Espada, N; Gamonal-Limcaoco, S; Grau-López, L; Lozano-López, MT; Roncero, C; Vicente-Hernández, B	1
Bigelow, GE; Dunn, KE; Strain, EC; Tompkins, DA	1
Williams, JB	1
Dunn, KE; Strain, EC; Tompkins, DA	1
Salm-Reifferscheidt, L	1
Amato, L; Amin-Esmaeili, M; Gholami, J; Hoseinie, L; Rahimi-Movaghar, A; Yousefi-Nooraie, R	1
Bigelow, GE; Dunn, KE; Huhn, AS; Schroeder, JR; Strain, EC; Tompkins, DA; Weerts, EM	1
Chatterjee, B; Chawla, N; Dhawan, A; Mandal, P	1
Ibrahim, MA; Salah-Eldin, AE	1
Babalonis, S; Campbell, C; Lofwall, MR; Nuzzo, PA; Siegel, A; Walsh, SL	1
Ferrari, A; Licata, M; Palazzoli, F; Tiraferri, I	1
El-Hadidy, MA; Helaly, AM	1
Ghossoub, E; Talih, F	1
Holroyd, KB; Pahwa, A; Rittenberg, A	1
Didelot, N; Javelot, H; Javelot, T; Marquis, A; Michel, B; Petitpain, N; Socha, M	1
Kanwar, P; Kumar, R; Sharma, DD; Sharma, RC	1
Choong, K; Ghiculescu, RA	1
Allegaert, K; Ilett, KF; Koren, G	1
Ahlner, J; Hägg, S; Jönsson, AK; Tjäderborn, M	1
Bigelow, GE; Lanier, RK; Lofwall, MR; Mintzer, MZ; Strain, EC	1
Barber, J	1
Abdel-Rahman, MS; Abdel-Zaher, AO; Elwasei, FM	1
Aggarwal, A; Choudhary, S; Jiloha, RC	1
Masoum, B; Shiran, MR; Zarghami, M	1
Barsotti, CE; Mycyk, MB; Reyes, J	1
Adams, EH; Cicero, TJ; Geller, A; Inciardi, JA; Muñoz, A; Schnoll, SH; Senay, EC; Woody, GE	1
Dahlqvist, R; Näslund, S	1
Brunner, H; Friess, E; Pollmächer, T; Wichniak, A	1
Adams, EH; Cicero, TJ; Geller, A; Inciardi, JA; Muñoz, A; Schnoll, S; Senay, EC; Woody, GE	1
Schnoll, SH	1
Brateanu, A; Heggi, A; Parran, TV; Rabb, M; Tamaskar, R; Yu, J	1
Adelman, CL; Grey, SF; Parran, TV; Sobey, PW; Yu, J	1
De Conno, F; Fagnoni, E; Ripamonti, C	1
Kabel, JS; van Puijenbroek, EP	1
Allen, RP; Earley, CJ	1
Bigelow, GE; Lofwall, MR; Strain, EC; Walsh, SL	1
Croissant, B; Grosshans, M; Mann, K	1
Ehrenreich, H; Poser, W	1
Jensen, JB	1
Cai, ZJ; Cao, JQ; Lian, Z; Liu, ZM; Mu, Y; Ren, ZH; Zhou, WH	1
Albaladejo Blanco, C; Carvajal, A; Garcia del Pozo, J; Martin Arias, L; Rodriguez Villamañan, JC; Sanchez Sanchez, A	1
Suresh, M; Thomas, AN	1
Freye, E; Levy, J	1
DeGuiseppe, B; Leo, RJ; Narendran, R	1
Beitz, J; Bonnel, RA; Brinker, A	1
Barth, H; Flohé, L; Giertz, H; Richter, W	1

Reviews

5 review(s) available for tramadol and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms

Article	Year
Efficacy and safety of tramadol in the treatment of opioid withdrawal: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Addictive behaviors, 2023, Volume: 147 Topics: Bayes Theorem; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Humans; Methadone; Narcotics; Opioid-Related Disorders; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2023
Psychosis after buprenorphine, heroin, methadone, morphine, oxycodone, and tramadol withdrawal: a systematic review. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 2021, Volume: 25, Issue:13 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Heroin; Humans; Methadone; Morphine; Oxycodone; Psychotic Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2021
Pharmacological therapies for management of opium withdrawal. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018, 06-21, Volume: 6 Topics: Amantadine; Amines; Baclofen; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Methadone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Opium; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2018
[Treatment with tramadol can give rise to dependence and abuse]. Lakartidningen, 2003, Feb-27, Volume: 100, Issue:9 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2003
[Side effects of tramadol: 12 years of experience in the Netherlands]. Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2005, Apr-02, Volume: 149, Issue:14 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Constipation; Humans; Nausea; Netherlands; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2005

Trials

8 trial(s) available for tramadol and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms

Article	Year
Efficacy of Tramadol Extended-Release for Opioid Withdrawal: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA psychiatry, 2017, 09-01, Volume: 74, Issue:9 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	2017
Preliminary evidence of different and clinically meaningful opioid withdrawal phenotypes. Addiction biology, 2020, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Cluster Analysis; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Opioid-Related Disorders; Phenotype; Severity of Illness Index; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol; Treatment Outcome	2020
Efficacy of extended-release tramadol for treatment of prescription opioid withdrawal: a two-phase randomized controlled trial. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2013, Nov-01, Volume: 133, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Cross-Over Studies; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Opioid-Related Disorders; Prescription Drugs; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2013
Physical dependence potential of daily tramadol dosing in humans. Psychopharmacology, 2010, Volume: 211, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hydromorphone; Male; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2010
Tramadol versus methadone for treatment of opiate withdrawal: a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. Journal of addictive diseases, 2012, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult	2012
Tramadol versus buprenorphine for the treatment of opiate withdrawal: a retrospective cohort control study. Journal of addictive diseases, 2003, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Cohort Studies; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Narcotic Antagonists; Retrospective Studies; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2003
Modest opioid withdrawal suppression efficacy of oral tramadol in humans. Psychopharmacology, 2007, Volume: 194, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Cognition; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Opioid-Related Disorders; Psychomotor Performance; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2007
Clinical investigation on the development of dependence during oral therapy with tramadol. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1985, Volume: 35, Issue:11 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Cyclohexanols; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Middle Aged; Naloxone; Pain; Precipitin Tests; Random Allocation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Tramadol	1985

Other Studies

40 other study(ies) available for tramadol and Drug Withdrawal Symptoms

Article	Year
Characteristics of Prescription Opioid Analgesics in Pregnancy and Risk of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome in Newborns. JAMA network open, 2022, 08-01, Volume: 5, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Codeine; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Hydrocodone; Hydromorphone; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Methadone; Morphine; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Oxycodone; Pain; Pregnancy; Prescriptions; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol; United States	2022
Managing acute opioid withdrawal with tramadol during COVID-19 lockdown in a peri-urban setting. African journal of primary health care & family medicine, 2022, Sep-28, Volume: 14, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Communicable Disease Control; COVID-19; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Heroin; Humans; Male; Methadone; Narcotics; Retrospective Studies; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2022
Atypical Withdrawal Symptoms after Abrupt Tramadol Discontinuation: A Case Report. Journal of pain & palliative care pharmacotherapy, 2023, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol; United States	2023
Differences in patient-reported and observer-rated opioid withdrawal symptom etiology, time course, and relationship to clinical outcome. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2020, 10-01, Volume: 215 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Opioid-Related Disorders; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Swine; Tramadol	2020
Acute tramadol withdrawal: An unusual cause of severe acute behavioural disturbance. Drug and alcohol review, 2021, Volume: 40, Issue:5 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2021
Tramadol Extended Release and Opioid Withdrawal Management-Legal Implications. JAMA psychiatry, 2018, 02-01, Volume: 75, Issue:2 Topics: Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2018
Tramadol Extended-Release and Opioid Withdrawal Management-Legal Implications-Reply. JAMA psychiatry, 2018, 02-01, Volume: 75, Issue:2 Topics: Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2018
Tramadol: Africa's opioid crisis. Lancet (London, England), 2018, 05-19, Volume: 391, Issue:10134 Topics: Africa; Analgesics, Opioid; Health Policy; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Population Surveillance; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2018
Tramadol-associated pica. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2019, Volume: 73, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Male; Narcotics; Pica; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2019
Chronic Addiction to Tramadol and Withdrawal Effect on the Spermatogenesis and Testicular Tissues in Adult Male Albino Rats. Pharmacology, 2019, Volume: 103, Issue:3-4 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Apoptosis; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Opioid-Related Disorders; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Wistar; Spermatogenesis; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Testis; Tramadol	2019
Tramadol abuse in a binge pattern in a young depressed woman. European addiction research, 2014, Volume: 20, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Depression; Female; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2014
Medical and Psychiatric Effects of Long-Term Dependence on High Dose of tramadol. Substance use & misuse, 2015, Volume: 50, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aggression; Anger; Anxiety; Depression; Hostility; Humans; Male; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol; Young Adult	2015
Moxonidine for tramadol withdrawal symptoms during detoxification. BMJ case reports, 2015, Jul-08, Volume: 2015 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Antihypertensive Agents; Female; Humans; Imidazoles; Imidazoline Receptors; Opioid-Related Disorders; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2015
Misanalysis of Urinalysis: A Teachable Moment. JAMA internal medicine, 2016, Volume: 176, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefpodoxime; Ceftizoxime; Clonidine; Diagnostic Errors; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Low Back Pain; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Pyuria; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol; Urinalysis; Urinary Tract Infections; Vancomycin	2016
Acute withdrawal syndrome after discontinuation of a short analgesic treatment with tramadol. Therapie, 2016, Volume: 71, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Polypharmacy; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2016
Opium Withdrawal Delirium: Two Case Reports. Psychopharmacology bulletin, 2017, 01-26, Volume: 47, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anticonvulsants; Clonazepam; Delirium; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Opioid-Related Disorders; Opium; Opium Dependence; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2017
Iatrogenic neuropsychiatric syndromes. Australian family physician, 2008, Volume: 37, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Male; Middle Aged; Psychomotor Disorders; Serotonin Syndrome; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2008
Tramadol withdrawal in a neonate: only one of the clinical presentations to be anticipated... European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2009, Volume: 65, Issue:6 Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Narcotics; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2009
Tramadol dependence: a survey of spontaneously reported cases in Sweden. Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2009, Volume: 18, Issue:12 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Opioid; Data Collection; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Opioid-Related Disorders; Risk Factors; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Sweden; Tramadol	2009
Examining the use of tramadol hydrochloride as an antidepressant. Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, 2011, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Mice; Rats; Respiration; Seizures; Sleep; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Tramadol	2011
Protective effect of Nigella sativa oil against tramadol-induced tolerance and dependence in mice: role of nitric oxide and oxidative stress. Neurotoxicology, 2011, Volume: 32, Issue:6 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Antioxidants; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Drug Tolerance; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Male; Malondialdehyde; Mice; Narcotic Antagonists; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitrites; Opioid-Related Disorders; Oxidative Stress; Pain Threshold; Plant Oils; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors; Tramadol	2011
Opioid withdrawal delirium. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2011,Fall, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Clonazepam; Delirium; GABA Modulators; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Narcotics; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol; Young Adult	2011
Withdrawal syndrome from tramadol hydrochloride. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2003, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2003
Physical dependence on Ultram (tramadol hydrochloride): both opioid-like and atypical withdrawal symptoms occur. Drug and alcohol dependence, 2003, Apr-01, Volume: 69, Issue:3 Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Analgesics, Opioid; Drug and Narcotic Control; Humans; Opioid-Related Disorders; Psychoses, Substance-Induced; Risk Factors; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration	2003
Withdrawal syndrome and dependence: tramadol too. Prescrire international, 2003, Volume: 12, Issue:65 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Tramadol	2003
Successful suppression of cataplectic attacks with tramadol. Neurology, 2003, Sep-23, Volume: 61, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Biogenic Monoamines; Cataplexy; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Morpholines; Narcotics; Reboxetine; Receptors, Opioid; Recurrence; Sleep, REM; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol; Tranylcypromine; Treatment Outcome	2003
An independent assessment of MEDWatch reporting for abuse/dependence and withdrawal from Ultram (tramadol hydrochloride). Drug and alcohol dependence, 2003, Nov-24, Volume: 72, Issue:2 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Electronic Data Processing; Humans; Liability, Legal; Mandatory Reporting; Public Health; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Tramadol; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; World Health Organization	2003
The emperor' s new clothes. Journal of addictive diseases, 2003, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Methadone; Narcotic Antagonists; Opioid-Related Disorders; Retrospective Studies; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2003
The use of tramadol for acute heroin withdrawal: a comparison to clonidine. Journal of addictive diseases, 2003, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2003
Withdrawal syndrome after delayed tramadol intake. The American journal of psychiatry, 2004, Volume: 161, Issue:12 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Pain; Palliative Care; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2004
Restless legs syndrome augmentation associated with tramadol. Sleep medicine, 2006, Volume: 7, Issue:7 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Disease Progression; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Long-Term Care; Restless Legs Syndrome; Retrospective Studies; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2006
[Rapid inpatient tramadol-detoxification using oxcarbazepine]. Psychiatrische Praxis, 2008, Volume: 35, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Carbamazepine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Male; Narcotics; Opioid-Related Disorders; Oxcarbazepine; Patient Admission; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2008
Dependence on tramadol. The Clinical investigator, 1993, Volume: 72, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Drug Tolerance; Euphoria; Female; Humans; Naltrexone; Seizures; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Tramadol	1993
[Dependence after treatment with tramadol]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 1997, Feb-03, Volume: 159, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	1997
Drug dependence and abuse potential of tramadol. Zhongguo yao li xue bao = Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 1999, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance Abuse Detection; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	1999
Withdrawal syndrome after long-term treatment with tramadol. The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2000, Volume: 50, Issue:454 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2000
Opiate withdrawal after tramadol and patient-controlled analgesia. Anaesthesia, 2000, Volume: 55, Issue:8 Topics: Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Contraindications; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2000
Acute abstinence syndrome following abrupt cessation of long-term use of tramadol (Ultram): a case study. European journal of pain (London, England), 2000, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Analgesics, Opioid; Colic; Diarrhea; Female; Headache; Humans; Middle Aged; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Pain; Restless Legs Syndrome; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2000
Methadone detoxification of tramadol dependence. Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2000, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Methadone; Middle Aged; Opioid-Related Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol	2000
Abuse, dependence, or withdrawal associated with tramadol. The American journal of psychiatry, 2002, Volume: 159, Issue:5 Topics: Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Analgesics, Opioid; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Tramadol; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration	2002