tobramycin and Horse-Diseases

To evaluate the in vitro efficacy of an ophthalmic drug combination against common corneal pathogens of horses.. Representative isolates of 3 bacterial and 2 fungal corneal pathogens of horses.. Pathogens were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing of a drug combination that consisted of equal volumes of natamycin 3.33%, tobramycin 0.3%, cefazolin 5.5%, and equine serum. Proteinase inhibitory activity of the drug combination was assessed by use of a fluorescence microplate assay with gelatin and collagen I as substrates. The MICs of the drug combination were compared with those for each of the component medications and antiproteinase activity of the drug combination was compared with that of serum by use of paired t tests and a 2-way ANOVA, respectively.. The drug combination was at least as effective as each medication separately for inhibiting microbial growth of all pathogens tested and was significantly more effective against B-hemolytic Streptococcus spp, Aspergillus spp, and Fusarium spp than the relevant medications separately. Serum and the drug combination both had significant antigelatinase activity, and serum had significant anticollagenase activity. Antiproteinase activity of serum was a concentration-dependent event, which enabled serum to achieve significantly greater activity than the drug combination after 3.5 and 4 hours of incubation [corrected] for the gelatin and collagen I assays, respectively.. Drug combinations have the attractive potential of minimizing the time, stress, and fatigue associated with topical treatment regimens consisting of multiple drugs used separately for horses with keratitis.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillus; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cefazolin; Corneal Diseases; Drug Combinations; Fusarium; Horse Diseases; Horses; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoses; Natamycin; Protease Inhibitors; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus; Tobramycin

To determine in vitro efficacy of gentamicin, tobramycin, and miconazole when used in combination, with or without atropine, against Pseudomonas or Aspergillus sp.. Selected ophthalmic agents were combined for predetermined times. Sterile disks impregnated with the combined solutions were prepared and placed on Mueller-Hinton plates that were seeded with Pseudomonas or Aspergillus sp. Zones of growth inhibition were measured at postincubation hours 24 and 48.. Tobramycin alone inhibited growth of Pseudomonas sp, whereas miconazole inhibited growth of Aspergillus sp. Significant differences in zones of growth inhibition when atropine was combined with tobramycin, when gentamicin was combined with miconazole, or when atropine was combined with miconazole and gentamicin, were not detected.. Combining selected ophthalmic therapeutic agents for as long as 6 hours does not appear to alter the in vitro efficacy of the agents against microorganisms used in this study.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Aspergillus; Atropine; Eye Infections; Gentamicins; Horse Diseases; Horses; In Vitro Techniques; Miconazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ophthalmic Solutions; Pseudomonas; Tobramycin

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in horses with open or infected fractures or joints in which internal fixation or external coaptation devices were used.. Retrospective case series.. 19 horses in which antibiotic-impregnated PMMA was used as part of the treatment regimen.. Medical records of each horse were reviewed, and owners and trainers were contacted to provide additional information.. Musculoskeletal problems in these horses included 10 fractures of long bones, 2 comminuted phalangeal fractures, 5 joint injuries, and 2 chronically septic joints in which ankylosis was stimulated. Nine horses had open fractures, 8 had closed wounds and developed infection after internal fixation of fractures, and 2 had chronically septic joints. Bony union was achieved in 15 of 19 horses. Twelve horses were discharged from the hospital and survived long term. Gentamicin sulfate, tobramycin sulfate, amikacin sulfate, and cefazolin sodium were used in PMMA.. Use of antibiotic-impregnated PMMA provided high local concentrations of antibiotics and should be considered in the treatment of horses with open fractures and acute and chronic bone and joint infections.

Topics: Amikacin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cefazolin; Combined Modality Therapy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Fractures, Open; Gentamicins; Horse Diseases; Horses; Joint Diseases; Joints; Osteomyelitis; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Retrospective Studies; Synovitis; Tobramycin

To determine which antimicrobial agents were most effective against Pseudomonas sp-infected ulcerative keratitis, and identify any trends in the various clinical conditions associated with these bacteria that might assist in effective treatment of the disease.. Retrospective case series.. 66 horses with 70 Pseudomonas sp-infected corneal ulcers.. We reviewed medical records of horses admitted to the George D. Widener Hospital for Large Animals, University of Pennsylvania between July 1977 and December 1994. Records of horses that had Pseudomonas sp isolated from a corneal ulcer scraping or deep swab were included in the study.. Aggressive topical medical treatment was successful in 57 ulcers and most likely would have been effective in 5 additional ulcers. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated susceptibilities of 87, 85, and 93% to tobramycin, gentamicin, and amikacin, respectively. Although concurrent fungal infections were identified in only 2 of 35 ulcers examined, almost three fourths of the ulcers were treated with antifungal medications prophylactically. Clinical outcomes of the 70 affected eyes included: excellent vision with minimal leukoma, 73%; enucleation, 19%; blind phthisical eye, 4%; peripheral vision only, 3%; and euthanasia of newborn, 1%.. Aggressive topical medication with microbial agents effective against Pseudomonas sp can result in excellent vision with minimal leukoma in most horses with corneal ulcers.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Amikacin; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Corneal Ulcer; Female; Gentamicins; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Pseudomonas Infections; Retrospective Studies; Tobramycin

Topics: Aminoglycosides; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gentamicins; Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Rabbits; Rats; Tobramycin