titanium has been researched along with Cancer of Mouth in 46 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 7 (15.22) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 15 (32.61) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 10 (21.74) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 11 (23.91) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (6.52) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Cheng, B; Hong, XJ; Li, WG; Ling, YY; Mao, ZW; Su, Q; Tan, CP; Wang, WJ; Wu, T; Zhang, CY; Zhou, JY | 1 |
| Gruber, R; Panahipour, L; Sordi, MB | 1 |
| Bukawa, H; Fukuzawa, S; Hasegawa, S; Hirohata, H; Ishibashi-Kanno, N; Sasaki, K; Sekido, M; Shibuya, Y; Tabuchi, K; Takaoka, S; Uchida, F; Yamagata, K; Yanagawa, T | 1 |
| Harish, S; Hayakawa, Y; Maheswari, P; Muthamizhchelvan, C; Navaneethan, M; Ponnusamy, S | 1 |
| Chundayil Madathil, G; Gowd, GS; Iyer, S; Koyakutty, M; Nair, S; Thankappan, K | 1 |
| Huang, K; Li, Z; Lucky, SS; Muhammad Idris, N; Soo, KC; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Bittermann, G; Duttenhoefer, F; Metzger, MC; Voss, P; Wiedenmann, N; Zimmerer, R | 1 |
| Endo, H; Feril, LB; Kikuta, T; Narihira, K; Nejad, SM; Tachibana, K; Takahashi, H | 1 |
| Endo, H; Hosseini, H; Kikuta, T; Moosavi Nejad, S; Narihira, K; Tachibana, K; Takahashi, H; Watanabe, A | 1 |
| Huang, K; Idris, NM; Kim, J; Li, Z; Lucky, SS; Soo, KC; Thong, PS; Xu, R; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Dresp, BV; Driemel, O; Ettl, T; Pistner, H; Reichert, TE; Reuther, J | 1 |
| Chou, MY; Lin, CY; Lin, JK; Lin, KH; Liu, CC | 1 |
| Guo, ZM; Liu, WW; Peng, HW; Yang, AK; Zhang, Q | 1 |
| An, N; Andrukhov, O; Matejka, M; Rausch-fan, X; Schedle, A; Wieland, M | 1 |
| Bianchi, B; Ferrari, S; Poli, T; Sesenna, E | 1 |
| Cao, Y; Weischer, T | 1 |
| KHANOLKAR, VR | 1 |
| BRAWLEY, BW; PEACOCK, EE | 1 |
| Hosogai, N; Obara, S; Yamamoto, K; Yoshimura, Y | 1 |
| Cai, YL; Lu, SJ; Wang, ZH; Zhang, ZY | 1 |
| Mendenhall, WM; Wang, ZH; Zhang, ZY | 1 |
| Cao, G; Dong, Z; Liu, R; Meng, Z; Yang, Z; Zhang, S | 1 |
| Abemayor, E; Blackwell, KE; Head, C; Kim, Y; Sercarz, JA; Smith, J | 1 |
| Eckelt, U; Markwardt, J; Pfeifer, G; Reitemeier, B | 1 |
| Aoki, H; Hirakuri, K; Kobayashi, S; Ohgoe, Y; Ozeki, K | 1 |
| Jacobs, JR | 1 |
| Bowers, MK; Donald, PJ; Fu, KK; Kubo, HD; Robinson, MG; Rosenthal, SA; Ryu, JK; Stern, RL | 1 |
| Grätz, KW; Sailer, HF; Zimmermann, AP | 1 |
| Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Eisele, DW; Goodstein, ML; Koch, WM; Price, JC; Richtsmeier, WJ; Yoo, GH | 1 |
| Adami, M; Estienne, M; Galli, A; Gipponi, M; Margarino, G; Mereu, P; Meszaros, P; Scala, M; Schenone, G | 1 |
| Kaneda, T; Takahashi, H; Ueda, M | 1 |
| Ervens, J; Herzog, K; Hoffmeister, B; Wolff, KD | 1 |
| Bradley, PF | 1 |
| Greene, D; Singer, MI; Sussman, S | 1 |
| Filirin, MD; Giunter, VE; Sogomonian, AA; Sysoliatin, PG | 1 |
| Caix, P; Duroux, S; Majoufre, C; Michelet, V; Siberchicot, F | 1 |
| al-Nawas, B; Grötz, KA; Krummenauer, F; Kuffner, HD; Wagner, W; Wahlmann, UW; Wegener, J | 1 |
| Huang, TH; Kao, CT; Lee, H | 1 |
| Frössler, H; Springer, L; Wannenmacher, M | 1 |
| Barnard, N; Cawood, JI; Martin, IC; Vaughan, ED | 1 |
| Bretlau, P; Kirkegaard, J | 1 |
| Booth, S; Philips, JG; Postlethwaite, KR; Shaw, J; Slater, A | 1 |
| Lukash, FN; Sachs, SA | 1 |
| Leban, SG; Slotman, GJ | 1 |
| Bowerman, JE | 1 |
3 review(s) available for titanium and Cancer of Mouth
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Advantages of mandibular reconstruction with the titanium hollow screw osseointegrating reconstruction plate (THORP).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Plates; Bone Screws; Equipment Design; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mandible; Mandibular Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Osseointegration; Postoperative Complications; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies; Steel; Time Factors; Titanium | 1994 |
A review of the use of the neodymium YAG laser in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aluminum Silicates; Arthroscopy; Carbon Dioxide; Electronics, Medical; Endoscopy; Face; Facial Neoplasms; Female; Glossectomy; Hemangioma; Hemostasis, Surgical; Humans; Jaw Neoplasms; Laser Coagulation; Laser Therapy; Male; Medical Laboratory Science; Middle Aged; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Neodymium; Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; Palliative Care; Phosphates; Temporomandibular Joint; Titanium; Yttrium | 1997 |
Reconstruction of the anterior mandible: a preliminary report.
Topics: Bone Transplantation; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Humans; Male; Mandible; Middle Aged; Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Prostheses and Implants; Surgical Flaps; Titanium | 1988 |
2 trial(s) available for titanium and Cancer of Mouth
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Radiotherapy for immediate reconstruction of mandibular defects with the titanium plate after tumor resection of mandible].
Topics: Aged; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Titanium | 2005 |
[Self-contained cryoapplicators made of porous titanium nickelide in the treatment of precancer of the lip and oral mucosa].
Topics: Alloys; Cryosurgery; Equipment Design; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lip Neoplasms; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Nickel; Porosity; Precancerous Conditions; Titanium | 1997 |
41 other study(ies) available for titanium and Cancer of Mouth
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Ru(II)-modified TiO
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; Cytokines; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Hypoxia; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Immunotherapy; Metal Nanoparticles; Mouth Neoplasms; Nanoparticles; Photosensitizing Agents; Rats; RNA, Small Interfering; Ruthenium; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Titanium; Tumor Microenvironment | 2022 |
Oral squamous carcinoma cell lysates provoke exacerbated inflammatory response in gingival fibroblasts.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Collagen; Cytokines; Fibroblasts; Gingiva; Humans; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-8; Mouth Neoplasms; NF-kappa B; Titanium | 2023 |
A small number of residual teeth after the mandibular resection of oral cancer is associated with titanium reconstruction plate exposure.
Topics: Aged; Bone Plates; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mandible; Mandibular Neoplasms; Mandibular Prosthesis; Mandibular Reconstruction; Mouth Neoplasms; Oral Surgical Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Titanium; Tooth Loss | 2019 |
Bio-modified TiO
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteria; Cell Line, Tumor; Eclipta; Glycyrrhiza; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Nanoparticles; Titanium; Withania | 2020 |
A Novel Surface Enhanced Raman Catheter for Rapid Detection, Classification, and Grading of Oral Cancer.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Discriminant Analysis; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Grading; Principal Component Analysis; Silver; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Titanium | 2019 |
Titania coated upconversion nanoparticles for near-infrared light triggered photodynamic therapy.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Darkness; Female; Hemolysis; Humans; Infrared Rays; Macrophages; Mice; Mouth Neoplasms; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Polyethylene Glycols; Reactive Oxygen Species; Titanium | 2015 |
Marking of tumor resection borders for improved radiation planning facilitates reduction of radiation dose to free flap reconstruction in head and neck cancer surgery.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Feasibility Studies; Female; Free Tissue Flaps; Humans; Ligation; Male; Microsurgery; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Neck Dissection; Patient Care Planning; Pilot Projects; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Prospective Studies; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Surgery, Computer-Assisted; Surgical Instruments; Titanium; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; User-Computer Interface | 2015 |
Enhanced mechanical damage to in vitro cancer cells by high-intensity-focused ultrasound in the presence of microbubbles and titanium dioxide.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Survival; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Microbubbles; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasms; Sonication; Titanium; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2015 |
Acute effects of sono-activated photocatalytic titanium dioxide nanoparticles on oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Survival; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Nanoparticles; Titanium | 2016 |
In vivo Biocompatibility, Biodistribution and Therapeutic Efficiency of Titania Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy of Solid Oral Cancers.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Cell Line, Tumor; Chlorophyllides; Drug Delivery Systems; ErbB Receptors; Female; Humans; Infrared Rays; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Mouth Neoplasms; Nanoparticles; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Porphyrins; Reactive Oxygen Species; Titanium; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays | 2016 |
Feasibility of alloplastic mandibular reconstruction in patients following removal of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Plates; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Mandibular Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis Implantation; Retrospective Studies; Smoking; Titanium; Treatment Failure | 2010 |
Arecoline N-oxide: its mutagenicity and possible role as ultimate carcinogen in areca oral carcinogenesis.
Topics: Areca; Arecoline; Carcinogens; Cyclic N-Oxides; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Nuts; Poisoning; Salmonella typhimurium; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Temperature; Titanium | 2011 |
Immediate reconstruction of maxillectomy defects using anterolateral thigh free flap in patients from a low resource region.
Topics: Adult; Aged; China; Female; Free Tissue Flaps; Graft Survival; Humans; Male; Maxillary Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Staging; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Mesh; Thigh; Titanium; Treatment Outcome | 2012 |
Initial attachment, subsequent cell proliferation/viability and gene expression of epithelial cells related to attachment and wound healing in response to different titanium surfaces.
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Adhesion; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Coloring Agents; Dental Etching; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Epithelial Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Integrin alpha6; Integrin beta4; Keratin-14; Membrane Proteins; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Surface Properties; Tetrazolium Salts; Thiazoles; Titanium; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Vinculin; Wound Healing | 2012 |
Primary oromandibular reconstruction using free flaps and thorp plates in cancer patients: a 5-year experience.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Plates; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Hematoma; Humans; Lymphatic System; Male; Mandibular Prosthesis Implantation; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis Failure; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Flaps; Surgical Wound Dehiscence; Surgical Wound Infection; Titanium | 2003 |
Comparison of maxillary implant-supported prosthesis in irradiated and non-irradiated patients.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Female; Graft Survival; Humans; Male; Mandibular Prosthesis; Maxilla; Maxillofacial Prosthesis; Maxillofacial Prosthesis Implantation; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Osseointegration; Pilot Projects; Radiation Injuries; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Titanium | 2003 |
Oral cancer in India.
Topics: Humans; India; Mouth Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharynx; Smoking; Titanium | 1959 |
An evaluation of snuff and tobacco in the production of mouth cancer.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Nicotiana; Titanium; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1959 |
Evaluation of TS-1 based treatment and expression of thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase on oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Combined Modality Therapy; Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP); Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Sensitivity and Specificity; Silicates; Thymidylate Synthase; Titanium; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
Postoperative radiotherapy after titanium plate mandibular reconstruction for oral cavity cancer.
Topics: Aged; Bone Plates; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Mandibular Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Postoperative Care; Retrospective Studies; Titanium | 2005 |
[Reconstruction of mandibular defect caused by resection of oral carcinoma with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap and ti-plate system].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Plates; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mandibular Injuries; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications; Surgical Flaps; Titanium; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
Fixation of mandibular osteotomies: comparison of locking and nonlocking hardware.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Plates; Bone Screws; Equipment Design; Female; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Fractures, Ununited; Humans; Male; Mandibular Fractures; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Osteotomy; Reoperation; Surgical Flaps; Surgical Wound Infection; Titanium | 2007 |
Analysis of complications after reconstruction of bone defects involving complete mandibular resection using finite element modelling.
Topics: Bone Plates; Bone Screws; Bone Transplantation; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Combined Modality Therapy; Computer Simulation; Computer-Aided Design; Equipment Failure; Female; Finite Element Analysis; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mandibular Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Postoperative Complications; Prosthesis Design; Prosthesis Failure; Prosthesis Implantation; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Reoperation; Titanium | 2007 |
Dissolution effect and cytotoxicity of diamond-like carbon coatings on orthodontic archwires.
Topics: Carbon; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Corrosion; Diamond; Hardness; Humans; Materials Testing; Mechanics; Models, Biological; Mouth Neoplasms; Nickel; Orthodontic Wires; Surface Properties; Titanium; Toothbrushing; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2007 |
The family of flaps and the flap over implants: advances in oral cavity reconstruction following head and neck oncologic surgery--regarding Ryu et al., IJROBP 32:627-634; 1995.
Topics: Humans; Mandible; Mandibular Prosthesis; Mouth Neoplasms; Surgical Flaps; Titanium; Tongue | 1995 |
Mandibular reconstruction using a titanium plate: the impact of radiation therapy on plate preservation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mandible; Mandibular Prosthesis; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications; Prostheses and Implants; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies; Titanium | 1995 |
Histological evidence of osseointegration 4 years after implantation. A case report.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dental Implants; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Osseointegration; Periodontium; Reoperation; Titanium | 1994 |
[Immediate reconstruction of mandibular defects following tumor surgery with Ti-plate system].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Plates; Bone Transplantation; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mandible; Mandibular Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Postoperative Complications; Surgery, Plastic; Titanium | 1994 |
Mandible reconstruction with metallic endoprosthesis following Commando's operation for advanced head and neck cancer. Personal experience.
Topics: Bone Plates; Combined Modality Therapy; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Mandibular Neoplasms; Mandibular Prosthesis; Mouth Neoplasms; Prosthesis Design; Surgery, Plastic; Surgical Flaps; Survival Analysis; Titanium | 1993 |
Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on osseointegration of titanium implants in irradiated bone: a preliminary report.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Male; Mandible; Maxilla; Maxillary Neoplasms; Maxillofacial Prosthesis; Middle Aged; Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Osseointegration; Prostheses and Implants; Prosthesis Failure; Radiation Injuries; Radiotherapy, High-Energy; Titanium; Wound Healing | 1993 |
Experience with the osteocutaneous fibula flap: an analysis of 24 consecutive reconstructions of composite mandibular defects.
Topics: Adult; Bone Plates; Bone Transplantation; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Female; Fibula; Humans; Male; Mandible; Middle Aged; Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Skin Transplantation; Surgical Flaps; Titanium; Treatment Outcome; Veins; Walking; Wound Healing | 1996 |
Experience with segmental reconstruction of the radiated mandible with alloplastic prostheses.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Mandibular Diseases; Mandibular Prosthesis; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Osteoradionecrosis; Titanium | 1997 |
[Analysis of reconstruction procedures for defects of the mouth floor. Report of 96 cases].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Mandible; Middle Aged; Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Prosthesis Implantation; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Flaps; Titanium | 1996 |
[Prognosis and prognostic factors of endosseous implants in the irradiated jaw].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Transplantation; Combined Modality Therapy; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Prosthesis Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Female; Humans; Jaw Neoplasms; Male; Mandibular Prosthesis; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Mouth Rehabilitation; Osteoradionecrosis; Postoperative Complications; Radiography, Panoramic; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; Retrospective Studies; Titanium | 1999 |
Evaluation of the genotoxicity of zinc oxide eugenol-based, calcium hydroxide-based, and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers by comet assay.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Bismuth; Calcium Hydroxide; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Drug Combinations; Epoxy Resins; Humans; Methenamine; Mouth Neoplasms; Root Canal Filling Materials; Salicylates; Silver; Titanium; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Cement | 2001 |
[Dosimetry in cobalt teletherapy in the oral cavity following titanium metal implantation].
Topics: Cobalt Radioisotopes; Dental Implantation; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Radioisotope Teletherapy; Radiotherapy Dosage; Titanium | 1975 |
Endosseous implants in the irradiated composite radial forearm free flap.
Topics: Bone Transplantation; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Dental Implants; Denture Design; Humans; Male; Mandible; Middle Aged; Mouth Floor; Mouth Neoplasms; Radius; Skin Transplantation; Surgical Flaps; Titanium; Vestibuloplasty | 1992 |
Experience with the Wurzburg titanium miniplate system in maxillo-facial surgery.
Topics: Bone Plates; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Humans; Mandible; Mandibular Neoplasms; Maxillary Fractures; Mouth Neoplasms; Titanium | 1992 |
The effects of small plate osteosynthesis on postoperative radiotherapy.
Topics: Bone Plates; Bone Screws; Humans; Mandible; Models, Structural; Mouth Neoplasms; Postoperative Care; Radiotherapy Dosage; Scattering, Radiation; Stainless Steel; Titanium | 1989 |
Functional mandibular reconstruction: prevention of the oral invalid.
Topics: Adult; Bone Transplantation; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Methods; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Titanium | 1989 |
A review of reconstruction of the mandible.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Lip Neoplasms; Male; Mandibular Prosthesis; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Postoperative Complications; Skin Transplantation; Surgery, Plastic; Titanium; Transplantation, Autologous | 1974 |