tilmicosin and Pneumonia

The prophylactic administration of injectable tilmicosin for pneumonia in weaned beef calves was investigated in 1,806 animals. Comparisons were made among calves receiving an "on-arrival" injection of tilmicosin, calves receiving a single injection of long-acting oxytetracycline, and calves receiving no prophylaxis. Morbidity and mortality attributable to pneumonia, morbidity and mortality attributable to all causes, and case fatality were significantly lower in the group of calves that received tilmicosin, compared with calves that received long-acting oxytetracycline and calves that received no prophylactic antibiotic. Mean time to initial pneumonia treatment was significantly extended in calves that received prophylaxis, compared with those that received no antibiotic on arrival at the feedlot. Calves that received tilmicosin gained significantly more weight than calves that received oxytetracycline. Calves that were not treated for pneumonia during the trial period gained significantly more weight than did those calves that were treated for pneumonia regardless of experimental group. The majority of mortalities were attributable to fibrinous pneumonia (31/34). Important bacterial isolates (Pasteurella spp, Haemophilus somnus, Actinomyces pyogenes) obtained at necropsy did not have resistance to tilmicosin in association with administration of tilmicosin as prophylaxis for pneumonia. However, bacterial resistance to trimethoprim/sulfonamide and to oxytetracycline were commonly found in these postmortem isolates.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Injections; Macrolides; Male; Oxytetracycline; Pneumonia; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tylosin

To examine effects of danofloxacin and tilmicosin on continuously recorded body temperature in beef calves with pneumonia experimentally induced by inoculation of Mannheimia haemolytica.. 41 Angus-cross heifers (body weight, 160 to 220 kg) without a recent history of respiratory tract disease or antimicrobial treatment, all from a single ranch.. Radiotransmitters were implanted intravaginally in each calf. Pneumonia was induced intrabronchially by use of logarithmic-phase cultures of M. haemolytica. At 21 hours after inoculation, calves were treated with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, danofloxacin, or tilmicosin. Body temperature was monitored from 66 hours before inoculation until 72 hours after treatment. Area under the curve (AUC) of the temperature-time plot and mean temperature were calculated for 3-hour intervals and compared among treatment groups.. The AUCs for 3-hour intervals did not differ significantly among treatment groups for any of the time periods. Analysis of the mean temperature for 3-hour intervals revealed significantly higher temperatures at most time periods for saline-treated calves, compared with temperatures for antimicrobial-treated calves; however, we did not detect significant differences between the danofloxacin- and tilmicosin-treated calves. The circadian rhythm of temperatures before exposure was detected again approximately 48 hours after bacterial inoculation.. Danofloxacin and tilmicosin did not differ in their effect on mean body temperature for 3-hour intervals but significantly decreased body temperature, compared with body temperature in saline-treated calves. Normal daily variation in body temperature must be considered in the face of respiratory tract disease during clinical evaluation of feedlot cattle.

Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Circadian Rhythm; Fluoroquinolones; Macrolides; Mannheimia haemolytica; Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic; Pneumonia; Telemetry; Tylosin

Within the scope of the clinical evaluation of Tilmicosin in Enzootic Pneumonia of pigs, nasal swabs from 78 animals were taken, before and after oral medication of different doses (0, 100, 200, 300 mg Tilmicosin/kg dry food), and examined bacteriologically for Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica und Haemophilus parasuis. The bacteria aforementioned were isolated from the nasal secretions of 83% of the pigs, 14 days after crowding without any prophylactic regime. It could be demonstrated, that pigs with clinical symptoms of Enzootic Pneumonia had a 50% higher prevalence-rate of multi-colonization with pneumotropic bacteria than healthy animals. Feeding 300 mg Tilmicosin/kg food for 9 and 14 days respectively, resulted in elimination of Pasteurella spp. and Haemophilus spp. The rate of newly Bordetella bronchiseptica infected pigs was lower than in the placebo-group. Parallel to these bacteriological results improvement of clinical signs and increased daily weight gain were observed.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bordetella Infections; Haemophilus Infections; Macrolides; Pasteurella Infections; Pneumonia; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tylosin

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Temperature; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Disease Outbreaks; Macrolides; Oxytetracycline; Pneumonia; Tylosin

The treatment of an outbreak of acute pneumonia in 50 four- to eight-month-old Friesian and Friesian cross calves is described. At the first visit (day 0) 16 calves received 20 mg/kg bodyweight of oxytetracycline dihydrate intramuscularly and 15 received 10 mg/kg of the macrolide tilmicosin subcutaneously. The remaining 19 in-contact animals were not considered ill enough to be included in the trial and received 20 mg/kg of oxytetracycline dihydrate. The rectal temperature, demeanour, respiratory rate and respiratory effort of each calf was assessed on days 1, 2, 3, 9, 14, 21 and 28, and calves which had not responded were given repeat injections of the same antibiotic. All the calves recovered from the outbreak and of the 19 calves treated strategically, three required a second injection. Among the calves with clinical pneumonia, fewer treatments (P less than 0.01) were required by those treated with tilmicosin. The rectal temperatures of both groups decreased (P less than 0.05) after the first injection, but on day 3 the decrease was greater (P less than 0.05) in the group treated with tilmicosin. Respiratory rates varied widely but respiratory effort was less (P less than 0.05) on day 2 in the calves treated with tilmicosin. When long-acting antibiotic injections are used to treat enzootic pneumonia it is suggested that a second visit should be made on day 3 to assess the animals' response to treatment.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Delayed-Action Preparations; Disease Outbreaks; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Macrolides; Oxytetracycline; Pneumonia; Respiration; Tylosin

Two gnotobiotic calves were treated once with tilmicosin (20 mg kg-1) six hours before they were infected by the intratracheal route with Mycoplasma bovis and Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1. This treatment prevented colonisation of the lungs by P haemolytica and considerably reduced colonisation by M bovis, and the clinical scores and the extent of pneumonic consolidation, compared with two untreated gnotobiotic calves, both of which had to be killed in extremis for humanitarian reasons within 24 hours of infection. In a second experiment, 10 conventionally reared calves were similarly exposed to infection and, at the onset of clinical disease, five were treated once with tilmicosin (20 mg kg-1). Colonisation by P haemolytica and M bovis, the clinical scores and extent of pneumonic consolidation were suppressed or greatly reduced in the treated compared with the untreated calves, one of which had to be killed in extremis two days after infection. It was concluded that tilmicosin had a beneficial effect.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Germ-Free Life; Leucomycins; Macrolides; Pasteurella Infections; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; Random Allocation; Tylosin

Tilmicosin, a new macrolide antibiotic, 20-deoxo-20-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-l-yl)desmycosin, formerly identified as EL-870, has been evaluated in three experiments as a single subcutaneous injection at dosages of 10, 20 or 30 mg/kg for the treatment of naturally occurring pneumonia in neonatal calves. Male Holstein calves, under five days of age, were shipped from Wisconsin and housed in pens. They were assigned sequentially to a treatment group when their temperature was greater than or equal to 39.7 degrees C for two consecutive days or greater than or equal to 39.7 degrees C and signs of respiratory disease were present. Clinical signs were evaluated daily for 14 days after the tilmicosin treatment. Calves that died and those that survived for the 14 day experimental period were examined post mortem. Treatment with tilmicosin was effective at all dosage levels, as determined by significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) reductions in body temperature within 24 hours, in the number of animals that died, in the incidence and severity of clinical signs, in the number of Pasteurella species found in lung tissue and in the severity of the pneumonic lesions. In two of the three experiments severe outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis resulted in significant mortalities within a few days after the arrival of the calves. Treatment with tilmicosin was effective against respiratory disease even in the presence of this severe concurrent disease.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Leucomycins; Macrolides; Male; Pasteurella Infections; Pneumonia; Tylosin