tilmicosin and Pneumonia--Bacterial

To determine the effects of oral administration of tilmicosin in piglets experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.. Forty 3-week-old specific-pathogen free piglets.. Piglets were assigned to 1 of 4 groups as follows: 1) uninfected sham-treated control piglets; 2) infected untreated piglets that were intratracheally inoculated with 10(7) CFUs of A pleuropneumoniae; 3) infected treated piglets that were intratracheally inoculated with A pleuropneumoniae and received tilmicosin in feed (400 ppm [microg/g]) for 7 days prior to inoculation; or 4) infected treated piglets that were intratracheally inoculated with A pleuropneumoniae and received chlortetracycline (CTC) in feed (1100 ppm [microg/gl) for 7 days prior to inoculation. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue specimens of piglets for each group were evaluated at 3 or 24 hours after inoculation. For each time point, 4 to 6 piglets/group were studied.. Feeding of CTC and tilmicosin decreased bacterial load in lungs of infected piglets. Tilmicosin delivered in feed, but not CTC, enhanced apoptosis in porcine BAL fluid leukocytes. This was associated with a decrease in LTB4 concentrations in BAL fluid of tilmicosin-treated piglets, compared with untreated and CTC-treated piglets, and also with a significant decrease in the number of pulmonary lesions. Tilmicosin inhibited infection-induced increases in rectal temperatures, as measured in untreated and CTC-treated piglets. Pulmonary neutrophil infiltration and prostaglandin E2 concentrations in the BAL fluid were not significantly different among groups at any time.. Oral administration of tilmicosin to infected piglets induces apoptosis in BAL fluid leukocytes and decreases BAL fluid LTB4 concentrations and inflammatory lung lesions.

Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apoptosis; Dinoprostone; Leukocytes; Leukotriene B4; Macrolides; Peroxidase; Phagocytosis; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tylosin

A clinical trial was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of a single dose of carprofen (CPF) in the treatment of bovine respiratory disease in cattle. Tilmicosin was used as a basal treatment in all animals. Six hours after dosing, body temperature and respiratory rates in animals treated with CPF-tilmicosin had decreased and were significantly lower than in the animals treated with tilmicosin alone (P < 0.05). Over the period of clinical observation, CPF-tilmicosin treatment produced a clinical resolution of the pneumonia similar to treatment with tilmicosin alone. However, it is significant from an animal welfare perspective that over the period of the study after treatment, CPF-tilmicosin therapy produced significantly greater symptomatic improvement than tilmicosin.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carbazoles; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Injections, Subcutaneous; Macrolides; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Treatment Outcome; Tylosin

The therapeutic effect of oral tilmicosin was compared with enrofloxacin, and the efficacy of three doses of the drug was examined in two fully randomized blinded field trials. Pneumonic milk-fed calves between 3 days and 2.5 months of age were allocated into two groups in trial 1 (50 animals) and into three groups in trial 2 (69 calves). In the first trial, the animals were treated with 25 mg/kg/day tilmicosin or 2.5 mg/kg/day enrofloxacin in milk for 5 days. In the second trial, the calves received either 25 mg/kg/day tilmicosin for 5 days or 3 days, or else 12.5 mg/kg tilmicosin for 5 days. All calves were clinically examined for 10 days. In the first trial, oral tilmicosin at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day for 5 days proved to be effective for the treatment of endemic pasteurellosis of milk-fed calves. The efficacy was the same as that of enrofloxacin. All three doses in the second trial were effective and were statistically equivalent to the original dose tested.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Enrofloxacin; Female; Fluoroquinolones; Macrolides; Male; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Quinolones; Treatment Outcome; Tylosin

To determine the effective dosage of tilmicosin phosphate when fed to pigs for the control of pneumonia attributable to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.. Randomized complete block design, with initial weight as the blocking factor.. Seeder pigs were used to infect clinically normal male and female pigs weighing between 13.6 and 36.3 kg at each of 4 trials.. Five doses of tilmicosin phosphate (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 micrograms/g) were fed to pigs for 21 days. Pigs received experimental feeds 7 days before the seeder pigs were placed into pens. Feeding continued for an additional 14 days, with seeder pigs removed 3 to 8 days after placement. All pigs were euthanatized and necropsied, with lung bacterial flora and percentages of pneumonic involvement determined.. Improvement in clinical impression score, daily rectal temperature, and weight gain were seen for all doses of tilmicosin, compared with controls. For the same variables, tilmicosin administered at 200 to 400 micrograms/g resulted in improvements over the 100 micrograms/g dose.. Data indicate that tilmicosin phosphate fed to pigs at 200 to 400 micrograms/g is effective in controlling and preventing A pleuropneumoniae-induced pneumonia, when administered in feed for 21 days.

Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Temperature; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Food, Fortified; Macrolides; Male; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tylosin; Weight Gain

To determine and evaluate the efficacy of the dose range of tilmicosin phosphate fed to pigs for control of pneumonia attributable to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during episodes of clinical disease in commercial herds.. 12 trials were run in 9 geographic locations in herds with a history of pneumonia caused by A pleuropneumoniae.. Clinically normal male and female pigs of various body weights.. Two doses of tilmicosin phosphate (200 and 400 micrograms/g) and a 0 dose were administered in the feed for 21 days. Variables for determining efficacy were daily independent composite clinical impression score, individual pig weight, mortality, percentage of pneumonic involvement, and frequency of isolation of bacterial pathogens.. Medicated pigs had significantly lower mortality attributed to pneumonia than did nonmedicated pigs. In trials with confirmed pneumonia caused by A pleuropneumoniae or Pasteurella multocida, weight gain, feed conversion, and clinical impression scores were significantly improved in the pigs receiving 200 or 400 micrograms/g of tilmicosin, compared with nonmedicated pigs.. The clinical field trials reported here confirm that tilmicosin in the feed at 200 micrograms/g is effective for control of swine pneumonia attributable to A pleuropneumoniae or P multocida.. Under the moderate natural challenge conditions encountered, tilmicosin at 400 micrograms/g was not different from tilmicosin at 200 micrograms/g.

Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Food, Fortified; Macrolides; Male; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurella multocida; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tylosin

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Macrolides; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Tylosin

Sixty one strains of Pasteurella multocida and 35 strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from pneumonic lesions of porcine lungs during the period from 1985 to 1989 in Japan were tested for antibiotic susceptibility to chlortetracycline (CTC), thiamphenicol (TP), tylosin (TS), acetylisovaleryl-tylosin (AIV-TS), tilmicosin (TMS), mirosamycin (MRM). Most strains of both species were sensitive to CTC, TP and TMS. Growth of fifty-one strains (83.6%) and forty-six strains (75.4%) of P. multocida were inhibited with 3.13 micrograms/ml of CTC and 0.78 micrograms/ml of TP, respectively. TS showed low activity against almost all strains (MIC > or = 6.25 micrograms/ml). Fifty-eight (95.1%), twenty-three (37.7%) and fifty (82%) of P. multocida showed MICs of > or = 6.25 micrograms/ml against AIV-TS, TMS and MRM, respectively. The MICs of A. pleuropneumoniae against CTC were less than 1.56 micrograms/ml. Thirty-two strains (91.4%) and 33 strains (94.3%) of A. pleuropneumoniae were inhibited with 3.13 micrograms/ml of TP and TMS respectively. However, TS, AIV-TS and MRM showed low activity against all of A. pleuropneumoniae (MIC > or = 6.25 micrograms/ml). Three different resistance patterns were observed in P. multocida and two in A. pleuropneumoniae isolates, respectively.

Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Japan; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurella multocida; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Serotyping; Swine; Swine Diseases; Tylosin