ticlopidine and Myocardial Ischemia studies

Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.
ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.

Myocardial Ischemia: A disorder of cardiac function caused by insufficient blood flow to the muscle tissue of the heart. The decreased blood flow may be due to narrowing of the coronary arteries (CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE), to obstruction by a thrombus (CORONARY THROMBOSIS), or less commonly, to diffuse narrowing of arterioles and other small vessels within the heart. Severe interruption of the blood supply to the myocardial tissue may result in necrosis of cardiac muscle (MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION).

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"In patients with ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in 4-6 weeks after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on stable dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel co-adminstrated with rosuvastatin residual platelet reactivity on adenosine diphosphate was higher than in patients receiving atorvastatin."	9.24	[IMPACT OF ATORVASTATIN AND ROSUVASTATIN ON RESIDUAL ON-CLOPIDOGREL TREATMENT PLATELET REACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AFTER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME]. ( Kochubiei, O; Ovrakh, T; Serik, S, 2017)
"In CHAMPION PHOENIX, cangrelor reduced ischaemic events with no significant increase in GUSTO-defined severe bleeding."	9.22	The effect of cangrelor and access site on ischaemic and bleeding events: insights from CHAMPION PHOENIX. ( Bhatt, DL; Blankenship, JC; Deliargyris, EN; Généreux, P; Gibson, CM; Gutierrez, JA; Hamm, CW; Harrington, RA; Mahaffey, KW; Prats, J; Price, MJ; Steg, PG; Stone, GW; White, HD, 2016)
"Routine early eptifibatide use, compared with delayed provisional use, may be associated with lower 30-day ischemic risk in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients also treated with clopidogrel before angiography."	9.15	Upstream clopidogrel use and the efficacy and safety of early eptifibatide treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome: an analysis from the Early Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibition in Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (E ( Armstrong, PW; Braunwald, E; Califf, RM; Giugliano, RP; Harrington, RA; James, SK; Montalescot, G; Newby, LK; Tricoci, P; Van de Werf, F; Wang, TY; White, JA; Zeymer, U, 2011)
"In CHARISMA, there was an increased risk of bleeding with long-term clopidogrel."	9.14	Bleeding complications with dual antiplatelet therapy among patients with stable vascular disease or risk factors for vascular disease: results from the Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management, and Avoidance (CHAR ( Berger, PB; Bhatt, DL; Brennan, DM; Fox, KA; Fuster, V; Hacke, W; Montalescot, G; Shao, M; Steg, PG; Steinhubl, SR; Topol, EJ, 2010)
"In this large observational analysis of patients undergoing PCI, low-dose aspirin appeared to be as effective as higher doses in preventing ischaemic events but was also associated with a lower rate of major bleeding and an improved net efficacy to safety balance."	9.14	Effects of aspirin dose on ischaemic events and bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the PCI-CURE study. ( Avezum, A; Fox, KA; Gersh, BJ; Haladyn, K; Jolly, SS; Mehta, SR; Peters, RJ; Pogue, J; Rupprecht, HJ; Yusuf, S, 2009)
"We observed a dose-related increase in bleeding and a trend toward a reduction in ischemic events with the addition of apixaban to antiplatelet therapy in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome."	9.14	Apixaban, an oral, direct, selective factor Xa inhibitor, in combination with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome: results of the Apixaban for Prevention of Acute Ischemic and Safety Events (APPRAISE) trial. ( Alexander, JH; Becker, RC; Bhatt, DL; Cools, F; Crea, F; Dellborg, M; Fox, KA; Goodman, SG; Harrington, RA; Huber, K; Husted, S; Lewis, BS; Lopez-Sendon, J; Mohan, P; Montalescot, G; Ruda, M; Ruzyllo, W; Verheugt, F; Wallentin, L, 2009)
" We investigated if adding clopidogrel to aspirin treatment could attenutate stress-induced platelet activation and myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)."	9.12	Effect of clopidogrel treatment on stress-induced platelet activation and myocardial ischemia in aspirin-treated patients with stable coronary artery disease. ( Hjemdahl, P; Hofman-Bang, C; Ivert, T; Li, N; Perneby, C; Tornvall, P; Wallén, NH, 2007)
" It was the aim of the present study to assess whether the response to aspirin and clopidogrel may be influenced by the 807 C/T polymorphism of the glycoprotein Ia (GpIa) gene in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS)."	9.12	Lack of association between the 807 C/T polymorphism of glycoprotein Ia gene and post-treatment platelet reactivity after aspirin and clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome. ( Alessi, MC; Bonnet, JL; Camoin, L; Cuisset, T; Frere, C; Juhan-Vague, I; Lambert, M; Morange, PE; Quilici, J; Romero-Barra, M; Saut, N, 2007)
"A strategy of clopidogrel with GP IIb/IIIa blockade resulted in superior inhibition of inflammation and cardiac marker release, which was accompanied by superior platelet inhibition immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention compared with a strategy of clopidogrel alone."	9.12	Effect of clopidogrel with and without eptifibatide on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein release after elective stenting: results from the CLEAR PLATELETS 1b study. ( Bliden, KP; Gurbel, PA; Tantry, US, 2006)
"Vorapaxar is a novel antiplatelet agent that has demonstrated efficacy in reducing atherosclerotic events in patients with a history of MI or PAD without a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or ICH when taken in combination with aspirin and clopidogrel."	8.91	Vorapaxar for reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in myocardial infarction and peripheral artery disease. ( Arif, SA; D'Souza, J; Gil, M; Gim, S, 2015)
"The role of concomitant aspirin (ASA) therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving oral anticoagulation (OAC) is unclear."	7.79	Use and associated risks of concomitant aspirin therapy with oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) Registry. ( Ansell, J; Chang, P; Ezekowitz, MD; Fonarow, GC; Gersh, B; Go, AS; Hylek, E; Kim, S; Kowey, P; Lopes, RD; Mahaffey, KW; Peterson, ED; Piccini, JP; Singer, DE; Steinberg, BA; Thomas, L, 2013)
"A clopidogrel loading dose administered during stenting attenuates inflammation marker release."	7.75	Effect of long-term clopidogrel treatment on platelet function and inflammation in patients undergoing coronary arterial stenting. ( Antonino, MJ; Bliden, KP; Gurbel, PA; Mahla, E; Tantry, US, 2009)
"To quantify the relative risk of epistaxis for patients taking low-dose aspirin or clopidogrel compared to patients taking neither drug."	7.75	Clopidogrel versus low-dose aspirin as risk factors for epistaxis. ( Molony, NC; Rainsbury, JW, 2009)
"Nonresponsiveness to clopidogrel is a strong independent predictor of stent thrombosis in patients receiving sirolimus- or paclitaxel-eluting stents."	7.74	Impact of platelet reactivity after clopidogrel administration on drug-eluting stent thrombosis. ( Abbate, R; Antoniucci, D; Buonamici, P; Gensini, GF; Gori, AM; Marcucci, R; Migliorini, A; Moschi, G; Paniccia, R; Santini, A, 2007)
"The aim of this article is to examine whether clopidogrel and ticlopidine treatments produce similar clinical outcomes for patients receiving primary stenting for acute myocardial infarction (AMI)."	7.74	Comparison between ticlopidine and clopidogrel in patients undergoing primary stenting in acute myocardial infarction: results from the CADILLAC trial. ( Brener, M; Carroll, JD; Cox, DA; Cristea, E; Garcia, E; Grines, CL; Guagliumi, G; Lansky, AJ; Leon, MB; Mehran, R; Moses, J; Pietras, C; Rutherford, BD; Stone, GW; Stuckey, T; Tcheng, JE; Tsuchiya, Y; Turco, M, 2008)
"Management of ischemic heart disease in pregnant women is still difficult, as there is little experience with many of the newer treatments such as clopidogrel."	6.47	Clopidogrel treatment during pregnancy: a case report and a review of literature. ( Caruso, A; Cesari, E; De Luca, C; De Santis, M; Mappa, I; Mazza, A; Quattrocchi, T, 2011)
"In patients with ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in 4-6 weeks after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on stable dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel co-adminstrated with rosuvastatin residual platelet reactivity on adenosine diphosphate was higher than in patients receiving atorvastatin."	5.24	[IMPACT OF ATORVASTATIN AND ROSUVASTATIN ON RESIDUAL ON-CLOPIDOGREL TREATMENT PLATELET REACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AFTER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME]. ( Kochubiei, O; Ovrakh, T; Serik, S, 2017)
"In CHAMPION PHOENIX, cangrelor reduced ischaemic events with no significant increase in GUSTO-defined severe bleeding."	5.22	The effect of cangrelor and access site on ischaemic and bleeding events: insights from CHAMPION PHOENIX. ( Bhatt, DL; Blankenship, JC; Deliargyris, EN; Généreux, P; Gibson, CM; Gutierrez, JA; Hamm, CW; Harrington, RA; Mahaffey, KW; Prats, J; Price, MJ; Steg, PG; Stone, GW; White, HD, 2016)
"Dual antiplatelet therapy beyond 1 year after placement of a drug-eluting stent, as compared with aspirin therapy alone, significantly reduced the risks of stent thrombosis and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events but was associated with an increased risk of bleeding."	5.19	Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. ( Braunwald, E; Cohen, DJ; Cutlip, DE; Dauerman, HL; Driscoll-Shempp, P; Garratt, KN; Hermiller, J; Holmes, DR; Kandzari, DE; Kereiakes, DJ; Krucoff, MW; Lee, DP; Massaro, JM; Mauri, L; Normand, SL; Pow, TK; Rinaldi, MJ; Simon, DI; Steg, PG; Ver Lee, P; Wiviott, SD; Yeh, RW, 2014)
"Cangrelor significantly reduced the rate of ischemic events, including stent thrombosis, during PCI, with no significant increase in severe bleeding."	5.17	Effect of platelet inhibition with cangrelor during PCI on ischemic events. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Bhatt, DL; Bramucci, E; Gallup, D; Généreux, P; Gibson, CM; Hamm, CW; Harrington, RA; Leonardi, S; Liu, T; Mahaffey, KW; McLaurin, BT; Prats, J; Price, MJ; Radke, PW; Skerjanec, S; Spriggs, D; Steg, PG; Stone, GW; Tauth, J; Todd, M; Tousek, F; White, HD; Widimský, P, 2013)
"Patients with medically managed unstable angina or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were enrolled in the TRILOGY ACS trial (2008 to 2011) comparing clopidogrel vs prasugrel."	5.16	Platelet function during extended prasugrel and clopidogrel therapy for patients with ACS treated without revascularization: the TRILOGY ACS platelet function substudy. ( Armstrong, PW; Brown, E; Chan, MY; Cornel, JH; Erlinge, D; Fox, KA; Goodman, SG; Gurbel, PA; Huber, K; Jakubowski, JA; Neely, B; Neely, M; Ohman, EM; Prabhakaran, D; Roe, MT; Tantry, US; White, HD; Zhou, C, 2012)
"Routine early eptifibatide use, compared with delayed provisional use, may be associated with lower 30-day ischemic risk in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients also treated with clopidogrel before angiography."	5.15	Upstream clopidogrel use and the efficacy and safety of early eptifibatide treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome: an analysis from the Early Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibition in Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (E ( Armstrong, PW; Braunwald, E; Califf, RM; Giugliano, RP; Harrington, RA; James, SK; Montalescot, G; Newby, LK; Tricoci, P; Van de Werf, F; Wang, TY; White, JA; Zeymer, U, 2011)
"We observed a dose-related increase in bleeding and a trend toward a reduction in ischemic events with the addition of apixaban to antiplatelet therapy in patients with recent acute coronary syndrome."	5.14	Apixaban, an oral, direct, selective factor Xa inhibitor, in combination with antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome: results of the Apixaban for Prevention of Acute Ischemic and Safety Events (APPRAISE) trial. ( Alexander, JH; Becker, RC; Bhatt, DL; Cools, F; Crea, F; Dellborg, M; Fox, KA; Goodman, SG; Harrington, RA; Huber, K; Husted, S; Lewis, BS; Lopez-Sendon, J; Mohan, P; Montalescot, G; Ruda, M; Ruzyllo, W; Verheugt, F; Wallentin, L, 2009)
"In this large observational analysis of patients undergoing PCI, low-dose aspirin appeared to be as effective as higher doses in preventing ischaemic events but was also associated with a lower rate of major bleeding and an improved net efficacy to safety balance."	5.14	Effects of aspirin dose on ischaemic events and bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the PCI-CURE study. ( Avezum, A; Fox, KA; Gersh, BJ; Haladyn, K; Jolly, SS; Mehta, SR; Peters, RJ; Pogue, J; Rupprecht, HJ; Yusuf, S, 2009)
"In CHARISMA, there was an increased risk of bleeding with long-term clopidogrel."	5.14	Bleeding complications with dual antiplatelet therapy among patients with stable vascular disease or risk factors for vascular disease: results from the Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management, and Avoidance (CHAR ( Berger, PB; Bhatt, DL; Brennan, DM; Fox, KA; Fuster, V; Hacke, W; Montalescot, G; Shao, M; Steg, PG; Steinhubl, SR; Topol, EJ, 2010)
" Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction major non-coronary artery bypass graft bleeding was similar to clopidogrel during the first 3 days but was significantly greater with the use of prasugrel from 3 days to the end of the study."	5.13	Early and late benefits of prasugrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a TRITON-TIMI 38 (TRial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet InhibitioN with Prasugrel-Thrombolys ( Antman, EM; Braunwald, E; Chandna, H; Hasin, Y; Macias, W; McCabe, CH; Murphy, SA; Voitk, J; Widimsky, P; Wiviott, SD, 2008)
" The Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition With Prasugrel-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 38 (TRITON-TIMI 38) showed an overall reduction in ischemic events with more intensive antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel than with clopidogrel but with more bleeding."	5.13	Greater clinical benefit of more intensive oral antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel in patients with diabetes mellitus in the trial to assess improvement in therapeutic outcomes by optimizing platelet inhibition with prasugrel-Thrombolysis in Myocardial I ( Angiolillo, DJ; Antman, EM; Braunwald, E; Corbalan, R; Dalby, AJ; Goodman, SG; McCabe, CH; Meisel, S; Murphy, SA; Purdy, DA; Verheugt, FW; Wiviott, SD, 2008)
" We investigated if adding clopidogrel to aspirin treatment could attenutate stress-induced platelet activation and myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD)."	5.12	Effect of clopidogrel treatment on stress-induced platelet activation and myocardial ischemia in aspirin-treated patients with stable coronary artery disease. ( Hjemdahl, P; Hofman-Bang, C; Ivert, T; Li, N; Perneby, C; Tornvall, P; Wallén, NH, 2007)
" It was the aim of the present study to assess whether the response to aspirin and clopidogrel may be influenced by the 807 C/T polymorphism of the glycoprotein Ia (GpIa) gene in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS)."	5.12	Lack of association between the 807 C/T polymorphism of glycoprotein Ia gene and post-treatment platelet reactivity after aspirin and clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndrome. ( Alessi, MC; Bonnet, JL; Camoin, L; Cuisset, T; Frere, C; Juhan-Vague, I; Lambert, M; Morange, PE; Quilici, J; Romero-Barra, M; Saut, N, 2007)
"A strategy of clopidogrel with GP IIb/IIIa blockade resulted in superior inhibition of inflammation and cardiac marker release, which was accompanied by superior platelet inhibition immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention compared with a strategy of clopidogrel alone."	5.12	Effect of clopidogrel with and without eptifibatide on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein release after elective stenting: results from the CLEAR PLATELETS 1b study. ( Bliden, KP; Gurbel, PA; Tantry, US, 2006)
"In the Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent ischemic Events (CURE) trial, 12 562 patients were randomized to clopidogrel or placebo in addition to aspirin, and the primary outcome was cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke."	5.11	Benefits and risks of the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin in patients undergoing surgical revascularization for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: the Clopidogrel in Unstable angina to prevent Recurrent ischemic Events (CURE) Trial. ( Fox, KA; Gersh, BJ; Lakkis, N; Mehta, SR; Peters, R; Yusuf, S; Zhao, F, 2004)
"After acute coronary syndromes (ACS), the so-called dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), which usually consists of low-dose of aspirin in combination with a thienopyridine (clopidogrel, prasugrel) or with a cyclopentyltriazolopyrimidine (ticagrelor), reduces the risk of ischemic events."	4.93	Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ticagrelor in the treatment of cardiac ischemia. ( Bianco, D; Brunelli, C; Chiarella, F; Massobrio, L; Rosa, GM; Valbusa, A, 2016)
"Vorapaxar is a novel antiplatelet agent that has demonstrated efficacy in reducing atherosclerotic events in patients with a history of MI or PAD without a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or ICH when taken in combination with aspirin and clopidogrel."	4.91	Vorapaxar for reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in myocardial infarction and peripheral artery disease. ( Arif, SA; D'Souza, J; Gil, M; Gim, S, 2015)
" The platelet inhibitory effect of the thienopyridine clopidogrel varies widely among individuals, and high on-treatment platelet reactivity has been associated with a substantial hazard for post-PCI cardiovascular events, including stent thrombosis."	4.89	Platelet function monitoring and clopidogrel. ( Harper, AR; Price, MJ, 2013)
"Clopidogrel has demonstrated improved outcomes for patients with acute coronary syndromes in several large randomized controlled trials."	4.84	Clopidogrel: who, when, and how? ( Cannon, CP, 2007)
" This review documents recent advances in the use of clopidogrel for the management of myocardial ischemia."	4.84	The role of clopidogrel in the management of ischemic heart disease. ( Galla, JM; Lincoff, AM, 2007)
"Aspirin is a relatively inexpensive and effective agent for secondary stroke prevention, and lower doses of aspirin appear as effective as higher doses."	4.81	Antiplatelet agents for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. ( Delanty, N; Kantor, J; Majid, A, 2001)
"In clopidogrel treated PCI patients, the 2-year adjusted risk of MACE and NACE was significantly higher in PPI users driven by higher TLR compared to non-PPI users, without a difference in bleeding."	3.85	Impact of proton pump inhibitors and dual antiplatelet therapy cessation on outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention: Results From the PARIS Registry. ( Aquino, M; Ariti, C; Baber, U; Bansilal, S; Chandrasekhar, J; Chieffo, A; Cohen, D; Colombo, A; Dangas, G; Faggioni, M; Farhan, S; Gabriel Steg, P; Giustino, G; Henry, T; Kini, A; Mehran, R; Michael Gibson, C; Moliterno, D; Pocock, S; Saporito, R; Sartori, S; Stuckey, T; Vogel, B; Witzenbichler, B, 2017)
" Aspirin should be continued perioperatively in the majority of surgical operations, whereas dual antiplatelet therapy should not be withdrawn for surgery in the case of low bleeding risk."	3.80	Perioperative management of antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary stents undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery: a consensus document from Italian cardiological, surgical and anaesthesiological societies. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Antonelli, M; Biglioli, F; Boni, L; Bovenzi, F; Bozzani, A; Bramucci, E; Buffoli, F; Capodanno, D; Castiglioni, B; Comel, A; Cremonesi, A; Crescini, C; D'Angelo, F; De Servi, S; Dionigi, G; Droghetti, A; Francetti, L; Gadda, F; Guagliumi, G; Lettieri, C; Lettino, M; Lorini, L; Musumeci, G; Parolari, A; Piccaluga, E; Ravelli, P; Rossini, R; Salvi, L; Savonitto, S; Scarone, P; Setacci, C; Staurenghi, G; Trabattoni, D; Valdatta, L; Visconti, LO, 2014)
"The role of concomitant aspirin (ASA) therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving oral anticoagulation (OAC) is unclear."	3.79	Use and associated risks of concomitant aspirin therapy with oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation: insights from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) Registry. ( Ansell, J; Chang, P; Ezekowitz, MD; Fonarow, GC; Gersh, B; Go, AS; Hylek, E; Kim, S; Kowey, P; Lopes, RD; Mahaffey, KW; Peterson, ED; Piccini, JP; Singer, DE; Steinberg, BA; Thomas, L, 2013)
"Increased baseline platelet reactivity as well as diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndrome are associated with low aspirin response in the aged patients."	3.77	[Aspirin response and related factors in aged patients]. ( Fan, Y; Feng, XR; Liu, F; Liu, ML; Liu, QZ; Tian, QP, 2011)
"To quantify the relative risk of epistaxis for patients taking low-dose aspirin or clopidogrel compared to patients taking neither drug."	3.75	Clopidogrel versus low-dose aspirin as risk factors for epistaxis. ( Molony, NC; Rainsbury, JW, 2009)
"A clopidogrel loading dose administered during stenting attenuates inflammation marker release."	3.75	Effect of long-term clopidogrel treatment on platelet function and inflammation in patients undergoing coronary arterial stenting. ( Antonino, MJ; Bliden, KP; Gurbel, PA; Mahla, E; Tantry, US, 2009)
" We describe a case of very late paclitaxel-eluting stent thrombosis despite 21 months of clopidogrel treatment, which occurred just 2 weeks after its withdrawal, causing an acute coronary syndrome that was promptly resolved with an urgent invasive strategy."	3.74	Very late paclitaxel-eluting stent thrombosis despite 21 months of clopidogrel treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention. ( Bucciarelli-Ducci, C; Colantonio, R; Fedele, F; Mancone, M; Sangiorgi, GM; Sardella, G, 2007)
"Nonresponsiveness to clopidogrel is a strong independent predictor of stent thrombosis in patients receiving sirolimus- or paclitaxel-eluting stents."	3.74	Impact of platelet reactivity after clopidogrel administration on drug-eluting stent thrombosis. ( Abbate, R; Antoniucci, D; Buonamici, P; Gensini, GF; Gori, AM; Marcucci, R; Migliorini, A; Moschi, G; Paniccia, R; Santini, A, 2007)
"High post-treatment platelet reactivity (HPPR=adenosine diphosphate [ADP] 10 microM-induced platelet aggregation >70%) identifies low responders to dual antiplatelet therapy with increased risk of recurrent cardiovascular (CV) events after stenting for non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS)."	3.74	High post-treatment platelet reactivity is associated with a high incidence of myonecrosis after stenting for non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. ( Alessi, MC; Bali, L; Bonnet, JL; Cuisset, T; Frere, C; Lambert, M; Mielot, C; Morange, PE; Nait-Saidi, L; Quilici, J, 2007)
"The aim of this article is to examine whether clopidogrel and ticlopidine treatments produce similar clinical outcomes for patients receiving primary stenting for acute myocardial infarction (AMI)."	3.74	Comparison between ticlopidine and clopidogrel in patients undergoing primary stenting in acute myocardial infarction: results from the CADILLAC trial. ( Brener, M; Carroll, JD; Cox, DA; Cristea, E; Garcia, E; Grines, CL; Guagliumi, G; Lansky, AJ; Leon, MB; Mehran, R; Moses, J; Pietras, C; Rutherford, BD; Stone, GW; Stuckey, T; Tcheng, JE; Tsuchiya, Y; Turco, M, 2008)
" He was subsequently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and prescribed 20 mg methotrexate weekly, 3 mg/kg ciclosporin daily and 5 mg prednisolone daily."	3.73	Lupus anticoagulant and ischemic myocardial microangiopathy in rheumatoid arthritis. ( Alivernini, S; De Santis, M; Ferraccioli, G; Loperfido, F; Verrillo, A; Zoli, A, 2006)
" Thus, we assessed whether platelet function under high shear rates (collagen adenosine diphosphate closure times [CADP-CTs]) measured with the platelet function analyzer (PFA-100) may be enhanced in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and whether it may predict the extent of myocardial damage as measured by creatine kinase (CK-MB) or troponin T (TnT) levels."	3.72	Platelet function predicts myocardial damage in patients with acute myocardial infarction. ( Domanovits, H; Frossard, M; Fuchs, I; Hsieh, K; Jilma, B; Laggner, AN; Leitner, JM; Losert, H; Schreiber, W; Vlcek, M, 2004)
"Elderly men are more likely than elderly women to receive aspirin and ticlopidine and equally like to receive warfarin after a stroke."	3.70	Sex differences and similarities in the management and outcome of stroke patients. ( Austin, PC; Holroyd-Leduc, JM; Kapral, MK; Tu, JV, 2000)
"Among 3,602 patients with STEMI who were enrolled in the HORIZONS-AMI (Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) trial, all ischemic and bleeding events, including recurrent events, were classified according to the timing of their occurrence as acute (≤24 h after PCI), subacute (1 day to 30 days), and late (30 days to 1 year)."	2.84	Characterization of the Average Daily Ischemic and Bleeding Risk After Primary PCI for STEMI. ( Brener, SJ; Dangas, GD; Deliargyris, EN; Généreux, P; Giustino, G; Kirtane, AJ; Mehran, R; Pocock, SJ; Prats, J; Redfors, B; Stone, GW, 2017)
" This study evaluated the effect on platelet aggregation of four different dosing regimens of clopidogrel given before elective PCI in a randomized, prospective, double-blind, and placebo-controlled design."	2.74	Week-long high-maintenance dose clopidogrel regimen achieves better platelet aggregation inhibition than a standard loading dose before percutaneous coronary intervention: results of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. ( Diodati, JG; Lordkipanidzé, M; Nguyen, TA; Palisaitis, DA; Pharand, C; Schampaert, E; Turgeon, J, 2009)
"Aspirin has been associated with adverse heart failure outcomes, probably because of a blunting interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors."	2.72	Clopidogrel is associated with a lesser increase in NT-proBNP when compared to aspirin in patients with ischemic heart failure. ( Jug, B; Keber, I; Sabovic, M; Sebestjen, M, 2006)
"Prospective, randomized, double-blind study (POLENOX) proved that administration of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)--enoxaparin for elective percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is as safe and as effective like unfractionated heparin (UFH)."	2.71	[Safety and efficacy of dalteparin administration for elective percutaneous interventions in patients pre-treated with aspirin and ticlopidine]. ( Bartuś, S; Chyrchel, M; Dubiel, JS; Dudek, D; Legutko, J; Rzeszutko, L, 2004)
"Aspirin was given to all patients, and ticlopidine 250 mg b."	2.71	Starc II, a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial of trapidil for 1-year clinical events and angiographic restenosis reduction after coronary angioplasty and stenting. ( Balducelli, M; Barlera, S; Bernardi, G; Latini, R; Maggioni, AP; Maresta, A; Moccetti, T; Monici Preti, A; Ribeiro da Silva, EE; Sosa, C; Varani, E, 2005)
"Many clinical trials have evaluated the benefit of long-term use of antiplatelet drugs in reducing the risk of clinical thrombotic events."	2.68	A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). CAPRIE Steering Committee. ( , 1996)
"Aspirin was established more than a quarter century ago as an evidence-based therapy to reduce recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease based on limited data by contemporary standards."	2.53	A critical reappraisal of aspirin for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic heart disease. ( Bode, C; Gibson, CM; James, S; Ohman, EM; Povsic, TJ; Roe, MT; Steg, PG; Welsh, RC, 2016)
"Major bleeding was the primary end point, whereas all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis, and stroke were secondary ones."	2.52	Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and adjusted observational results of use of clopidogrel, aspirin, and oral anticoagulants in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. ( Ballocca, F; Bangalore, S; Barbero, U; Capodanno, D; Cerrato, E; Conrotto, F; D'Ascenzo, F; Dewilde, W; DiNicolantonio, J; Fernández, S; Gaita, F; Giordana, F; Grossomarra, W; Lamberts, M; Meier, P; Meynet, I; Moretti, C; Omedè, P; Persson, J; Quadri, G; Reed, M; Rubboli, A; Taha, S; Zoccai, G, 2015)
"Management of ischemic heart disease in pregnant women is still difficult, as there is little experience with many of the newer treatments such as clopidogrel."	2.47	Clopidogrel treatment during pregnancy: a case report and a review of literature. ( Caruso, A; Cesari, E; De Luca, C; De Santis, M; Mappa, I; Mazza, A; Quattrocchi, T, 2011)
" Five adverse events (3."	1.40	Efficacy and safety of antiplatelet-combination therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation. ( Cho, YK; Hur, SH; Jung, BC; Kim, H; Kim, KB; Kim, KS; Kim, W; Kim, YN; Lee, BR; Lee, JB; Lee, JH; Nam, CW; Park, HS; Park, JS; Yang, DH; Yoon, HJ, 2014)
"Hemodynamic significance of all coronary stenoses was assessed with Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR)."	1.39	The relationship between fractional flow reserve, platelet reactivity and platelet leukocyte complexes in stable coronary artery disease. ( de Groot, PG; Hillaert, MA; Pasterkamp, G; Pijls, NH; Roest, M; Rutten, B; Sels, JW; van Holten, TC; Waltenberger, J, 2013)
"Chronic myocardial ischemia was induced using a minimally invasive model in 16 landrace pigs."	1.37	Gene therapy with iNOS enhances regional contractility and reduces delayed contrast enhancement in a model of postischemic congestive heart failure. ( Abegunewardene, N; Gori, T; Horstick, G; Kreitner, KF; Lehr, HA; Münzel, T; Schmidt, KH; Schreiber, LM; Vosseler, M, 2011)
" It is concluded that MEGX test widens opportunities for personalization and safe pharmacotherapy."	1.36	[Individual pharmacotherapy safety in the assessment of cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4) isoenzyme activity]. ( Kukes, IV; Paukov, SV; Ruvinov, IuV; Sivkov, AS, 2010)
"6) by PFA-100], chronic use of aspirin [OR=0."	1.34	Residual platelet reactivity is associated with clinical and laboratory characteristics in patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing PCI on dual antiplatelet therapy. ( Abbate, R; Antoniucci, D; Buonamici, P; Gensini, GF; Giglioli, C; Gori, AM; Marcucci, R; Paniccia, R, 2007)
" It is indicated, at a dosage of 75 mg/day, for the reduction of atherosclerotic events including myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and vascular death in patients with atherosclerosis manifested by recent stroke, myocardial infarction or established peripheral vascular disease."	1.31	[Pharmacy clinics. Medication of the month. Clopidogrel (Plavix)]. ( Scheen, AJ, 2001)
"The incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the abciximab group was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0."	1.30	The effects of antiplatelet agents in the prevention of ventricular tachyarrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia in rats. ( Ahn, YK; Cho, JG; Cho, JH; Jeong, MH; Kang, JC; Kim, JW; Kim, NH; Kim, SH; Park, JC; Park, JH; Park, WS, 1999)

Research

Studies (230)

Authors

Clinical Trials (56)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

The Composite Incidence of All-cause Mortality, Myocardial Infarction (MI), Ischemia-driven Revascularization (IDR) and Stent Thrombosis (ST)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	12 (5.22)	18.2507
2000's	116 (50.43)	29.6817
2010's	102 (44.35)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Wadowski, PP	1
Eichelberger, B	1
Kopp, CW	1
Pultar, J	1
Seidinger, D	1
Koppensteiner, R	1
Lang, IM	1
Panzer, S	1
Gremmel, T	1
Pareek, M	1
Bhatt, DL	9
Ten Berg, JM	1
Kristensen, SD	1
Grove, EL	1
Ovrakh, T	1
Serik, S	1
Kochubiei, O	1
Giustino, G	3
Mehran, R	6
Dangas, GD	2
Kirtane, AJ	2
Redfors, B	1
Généreux, P	4
Brener, SJ	3
Prats, J	3
Pocock, SJ	1
Deliargyris, EN	2
Stone, GW	5
Golukhova, EZ	2
Grigoryan, MV	2
Ryabinina, MN	2
Bulaeva, NI	2
Lynch, DR	1
Dantzler, D	1
Robbins, M	1
Zhao, D	1
Alexopoulos, D	1
Xanthopoulou, I	1
Nakata, T	1
Miyahara, M	1
Nakatani, K	1
Wada, H	1
Tanigawa, T	1
Komada, F	1
Hoshino, K	2
Aoki, T	1
Nishimura, Y	1
Tamaru, S	1
Ito, M	1
Nishikawa, M	1
Lange, RA	1
Hillis, LD	1
Mahaffey, KW	4
Gibson, CM	4
Steg, PG	7
Hamm, CW	2
Price, MJ	4
Leonardi, S	1
Gallup, D	1
Bramucci, E	2
Radke, PW	1
Widimský, P	2
Tousek, F	1
Tauth, J	1
Spriggs, D	1
McLaurin, BT	1
Angiolillo, DJ	8
Liu, T	1
Todd, M	1
Skerjanec, S	1
White, HD	3
Harrington, RA	7
Sarafoff, N	1
Martischnig, A	1
Wealer, J	1
Mayer, K	1
Mehilli, J	2
Sibbing, D	3
Kastrati, A	4
Riezebos, RK	1
Verheugt, FW	4
Steinberg, BA	1
Kim, S	1
Piccini, JP	1
Fonarow, GC	1
Lopes, RD	1
Thomas, L	1
Ezekowitz, MD	1
Ansell, J	1
Kowey, P	1
Singer, DE	1
Gersh, B	1
Hylek, E	1
Go, AS	1
Chang, P	1
Peterson, ED	2
Wong, BY	1
Cattaneo, M	1
Ottani, F	1
Park, MW	1
Her, SH	1
Kim, HS	3
Choi, YS	1
Park, CS	1
Koh, YS	1
Park, HJ	1
Kim, PJ	1
Kim, CJ	1
Jeon, DS	1
Shin, DI	1
Seo, SM	1
Yoo, KD	1
Kim, DB	1
Kim, HY	1
Lee, JM	1
Chung, WS	1
Seung, KB	1
Shin, JG	1
Chang, K	1
Zhang, HZ	2
Kim, MH	2
Han, JY	1
Jeong, YH	3
Sels, JW	1
Rutten, B	1
van Holten, TC	1
Hillaert, MA	1
Waltenberger, J	1
Pijls, NH	1
Pasterkamp, G	1
de Groot, PG	1
Roest, M	1
Zaval's'ka, TV	1
Wijeysundera, HC	1
Bennell, MC	1
Qiu, F	1
Ko, DT	1
Tu, JV	2
Wijeysundera, DN	1
Austin, PC	2
Kashour, T	1
Al-Tannir, M	1
Bahamid, R	1
Fiedler, KA	1
Kufner, S	1
Schlichting, A	1
Ibrahim, T	1
Ott, I	1
Schunkert, H	1
Laugwitz, KL	1
Schulz, S	1
Cho, YK	1
Nam, CW	1
Park, HS	1
Yoon, HJ	1
Kim, H	1
Hur, SH	1
Kim, YN	1
Lee, JH	1
Yang, DH	1
Lee, BR	1
Jung, BC	1
Kim, W	1
Park, JS	1
Lee, JB	1
Kim, KS	1
Kim, KB	1
Thomas, G	1
Rossini, R	2
Musumeci, G	2
Visconti, LO	1
Castiglioni, B	1
De Servi, S	1
Lettieri, C	2
Lettino, M	1
Piccaluga, E	1
Savonitto, S	1
Trabattoni, D	1
Capodanno, D	4
Buffoli, F	1
Parolari, A	1
Dionigi, G	1
Boni, L	1
Biglioli, F	1
Valdatta, L	1
Droghetti, A	1
Bozzani, A	1
Setacci, C	1
Ravelli, P	1
Crescini, C	1
Staurenghi, G	1
Scarone, P	1
Francetti, L	1
D'Angelo, F	1
Gadda, F	1
Comel, A	1
Salvi, L	1
Lorini, L	1
Antonelli, M	1
Bovenzi, F	1
Cremonesi, A	1
Guagliumi, G	3
Taglieri, N	1
Bacchi Reggiani, ML	1
Palmerini, T	1
Ghetti, G	1
Saia, F	1
Gallo, P	1
Moretti, C	2
Dall'Ara, G	1
Marrozzini, C	1
Marzocchi, A	1
Rapezzi, C	1
Christodoulidis, G	1
Baber, U	3
Limbruno, U	1
Tarantini, G	1
Russo, N	1
Calabria, P	1
Romano, M	1
Inashvili, A	1
Sirbu, V	1
Valsecchi, O	1
Senni, M	1
Gavazzi, A	1
Mauri, L	1
Kereiakes, DJ	2
Yeh, RW	1
Driscoll-Shempp, P	1
Cutlip, DE	1
Normand, SL	1
Braunwald, E	4
Wiviott, SD	3
Cohen, DJ	1
Holmes, DR	1
Krucoff, MW	1
Hermiller, J	1
Dauerman, HL	1
Simon, DI	1
Kandzari, DE	2
Garratt, KN	1
Lee, DP	1
Pow, TK	1
Ver Lee, P	1
Rinaldi, MJ	2
Massaro, JM	1
D'Ascenzo, F	1
Taha, S	1
Omedè, P	1
Grossomarra, W	1
Persson, J	1
Lamberts, M	1
Dewilde, W	1
Rubboli, A	1
Fernández, S	1
Cerrato, E	1
Meynet, I	1
Ballocca, F	1
Barbero, U	1
Quadri, G	1
Giordana, F	1
Conrotto, F	1
DiNicolantonio, J	1
Bangalore, S	1
Reed, M	1
Meier, P	1
Zoccai, G	1
Gaita, F	1
Khanna, V	1
Mikael, R	1
Thayalasamy, K	1
Sambu, N	1
Dimitrov, BD	1
Englyst, N	1
Calver, AL	1
Corbett, S	1
Gray, H	1
Simpson, IA	1
Wilkinson, JR	1
Curzen, N	1
Bode, C	2
Halperin, J	1
Verheugt, F	2
Wildgoose, P	1
van Eickels, M	1
Lip, GY	1
Cohen, M	1
Husted, S	2
Peterson, E	1
Fox, K	1
Yang, J	1
Wang, X	1
Peng, L	1
Zhang, L	1
Li, X	1
Liu, J	1
Zhang, Y	1
Xu, Q	1
Lu, C	1
Chen, Y	1
Yin, T	1
Liakishev, AA	1
Ayoub, K	1
Marji, M	1
Nairooz, R	1
Jovin, IS	1
Ebisu, KA	1
Oprea, AD	1
Brandt, CA	1
Natale, D	1
Finta, LA	1
Dziura, J	1
Wackers, FJ	1
Arif, SA	1
D'Souza, J	1
Gil, M	1
Gim, S	1
Gutierrez, JA	1
Blankenship, JC	2
Witzenbichler, B	2
Neumann, FJ	3
Weisz, G	1
Maehara, A	1
Metzger, C	1
Henry, TD	1
Cox, DA	2
Duffy, PL	1
Mazzaferri, EL	1
Brodie, BR	1
Stuckey, TD	1
Gurbel, PA	8
Francese, DP	1
Ozan, O	1
Chandrasekhar, J	1
Bansilal, S	1
Sartori, S	1
Aquino, M	1
Farhan, S	1
Vogel, B	1
Faggioni, M	1
Ariti, C	1
Colombo, A	1
Chieffo, A	1
Kini, A	1
Saporito, R	1
Michael Gibson, C	1
Cohen, D	1
Moliterno, D	1
Stuckey, T	2
Henry, T	1
Pocock, S	1
Dangas, G	1
Gabriel Steg, P	1
Rosa, GM	1
Bianco, D	1
Valbusa, A	1
Massobrio, L	1
Chiarella, F	1
Brunelli, C	1
Welsh, RC	1
Roe, MT	3
James, S	1
Povsic, TJ	1
Ohman, EM	2
Saydam, F	1
Değirmenci, İ	1
Birdane, A	1
Özdemir, M	1
Ulus, T	1
Özbayer, C	1
Çolak, E	1
Ata, N	1
Güneş, HV	1
Ng, FH	2
Lam, KF	1
Wong, SY	1
Chang, CM	1
Lau, YK	2
Yuen, WC	1
Chu, WM	1
Wong, BC	1
Ramaraj, R	1
Cuisset, T	5
Frere, C	4
Quilici, J	5
Alessi, MC	5
Bonnet, JL	5
Djukanovic, N	1
Todorovic, Z	1
Grdinic, A	1
Vojvodic, D	1
Prostran, M	1
Ostojic, M	1
Meisel, S	1
Dalby, AJ	1
Goodman, SG	3
Corbalan, R	1
Purdy, DA	1
Murphy, SA	2
McCabe, CH	2
Antman, EM	2
Jolly, SS	1
Pogue, J	1
Haladyn, K	1
Peters, RJ	1
Fox, KA	8
Avezum, A	1
Gersh, BJ	3
Rupprecht, HJ	1
Yusuf, S	5
Mehta, SR	4
Satler, LF	1
Lansky, AJ	1
Tsuchiya, Y	1
Brener, M	1
Cristea, E	1
Pietras, C	1
Grines, CL	1
Garcia, E	1
Tcheng, JE	3
Turco, M	1
Carroll, JD	1
Rutherford, BD	1
Leon, MB	1
Moses, J	1
Suryadevara, S	1
Capranzano, P	1
Zenni, MZ	1
Guzman, LA	1
Bass, TA	1
Horiuchi, H	1
Tada, T	1
Tazaki, J	1
Nishi, E	1
Kawato, M	1
Ikeda, T	1
Yamamoto, H	1
Akao, M	1
Furukawa, Y	1
Shizuta, S	1
Toma, M	1
Tamura, T	1
Saito, N	1
Doi, T	1
Ozasa, N	1
Jinnai, T	1
Takahashi, K	1
Watanabe, H	1
Yoshikawa, Y	1
Nishimoto, N	1
Ouchi, C	1
Morimoto, T	1
Kita, T	1
Kimura, T	1
Trenk, D	1
Hochholzer, W	1
Müller, B	1
Stratz, C	1
Valina, CM	1
Schmiebusch, P	1
Büttner, HJ	1
Nakashima, K	1
Kirsch, ME	1
Vermes, E	1
Rosanval, O	1
Loisance, D	1
Kremneva, LV	1
Shalaev, SV	1
Zibaeenezhad, MJ	1
Mazloum, Y	1
Mak, KH	1
Shao, M	3
Hankey, GJ	1
Easton, JD	1
Topol, EJ	8
Berger, PB	7
Teirstein, PS	1
Tanguay, JF	1
Cannon, CP	2
Antonino, MJ	1
Mahla, E	1
Bliden, KP	4
Tantry, US	6
Fung, CY	1
Marcus, AJ	1
Broekman, MJ	1
Mahaut-Smith, MP	1
Miao, J	1
Liu, R	1
Li, Z	1
Alexander, JH	2
Becker, RC	1
Cools, F	1
Crea, F	1
Dellborg, M	1
Huber, K	2
Lewis, BS	1
Lopez-Sendon, J	1
Mohan, P	1
Montalescot, G	6

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
A Clinical Trial Comparing Cangrelor to Clopidogrel Standard of Care Therapy in Subjects Who Require Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (CHAMPION PHOENIX)[NCT01156571]	Phase 3	11,145 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-09-30	Completed
Cangrelor vs. Ticagrelor for Early Platelet Inhibition in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction[NCT03182855]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-09-01	Not yet recruiting
Practice Patterns of Antithrombotic Therapy in REAL-world Patients Undergoing PCI in Spain: Parenteral Antiplatelet Agents[NCT05193019]		1,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2022-03-14	Recruiting
CHoosing Triple or Double therApy in the Era of nOac for patientS Undergoing PCI: the CHAOS a Multicenter Study.[NCT03558295]		1,000 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2018-05-01	Recruiting
Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF)[NCT01165710]		10,179 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-06-30	Completed
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial of Abrupt and Tapered Interruption of Long-term Clopidogrel Therapy After Implantation of a Drug-Eluting Stent[NCT00640679]	Phase 4	782 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Terminated (stopped due to Due to slow enrollment the study was stopped prematurely.)
Management of Antiplatelet Regimen During Surgical Procedures (MARS Registry)[NCT03981835]		1,492 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2019-08-01	Recruiting
MONET BRIDGE(Maintenance Of aNtiplatElet Therapy in Patients With Coronary Stenting Undergoing Surgery) - (Mantenimento Della Terapia Antiaggregante Nei Pazienti Portatori di Stent Coronarico Candidati a Chirurgia)[NCT03862651]	Phase 2	140 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-06-01	Not yet recruiting
A Prospective, Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind Trial to Assess the Effectiveness and Safety of 12 Versus 30 Months of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Subjects Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Either Drug-eluting Stent or Bare Metal S[NCT00977938]	Phase 4	25,682 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-10-31	Completed
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With the ANgiolite Drug-Eluting Stent: an Optical CoHerence TOmogRaphy Study. The ANCHOR Study[NCT02776267]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-05-31	Completed
"Outcome of CHAllenging lesioNs and Patients Treated With Polymer Free Drug-CoatEd Stent (Biofreedom): the CHANCE a Multicenter Study"[NCT03622203]		1,000 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2016-01-01	Completed
An Open-label, Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Study Exploring Two Treatment Strategies of Rivaroxaban and a Dose-Adjusted Oral Vitamin K Antagonist Treatment Strategy in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation Who Undergo Percutaneous Coronary Intervention[NCT01830543]	Phase 3	2,124 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-05-10	Completed
A Comparison of CS-747 and Clopidogrel in Acute Coronary Syndrome Subjects Who Are to Undergo Percutaneous Coronary Intervention[NCT00097591]	Phase 3	13,619 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-30	Completed
GRAVITAS: Gauging Responsiveness With A VerifyNow Assay-Impact On Thrombosis And Safety[NCT00645918]		2,800 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Completed
A Phase 2, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel Arm, Dose Ranging Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban in Patients With a Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome.[NCT00313300]	Phase 2	1,741 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-05-31	Completed
A Phase III, Multicenter, Multinational, Randomized, Parallel Group, Double-blind Trial of Clopidogrel Versus Placebo in High-risk Patients Aged 45 Years and Older, at Risk of Atherothrombotic Events, and Who Are Receiving Background Therapy Including Low[NCT00050817]	Phase 3	15,603 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-10-31	Completed
ReAssessment of Anti-Platelet Therapy Using an InDividualized Strategy Based on GENetic Evaluation (The RAPID GENE Study)[NCT01184300]	Phase 2/Phase 3	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-08-31	Completed
Influence of CILostazol-based Triple Anti-platelet Therapy ON Ischemic Complication After Drug-eluting stenT Implantation[NCT00776828]	Phase 4	960 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-11-30	Completed
Pilot Study of Preoperative Aspirin and Postoperative Clopidogrel's Effects on Graft Patency and Cardiac Events in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery[NCT00330772]	Phase 3	150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
Early Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibition in Non-ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating the Clinical Benefits of Early Front-loaded Eptifibatide in the Treatment of Patients With Non-ST-segment Elevati[NCT00089895]	Phase 3	9,406 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-01	Completed
Customized Choice of P2Y12 Oral Receptor Blocker Based on Phenotype Assessment Via Point of Care Testing[NCT01477775]	Phase 4	4,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Recruiting
Effect of Modifying Anti-platelet Treatment to Ticagrelor in Patients With Diabetes and Low Response to Clopidogrel[NCT01643031]	Phase 4	500 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-08-31	Not yet recruiting
Antiplatelet Drug Resistances and Ischemic Events[NCT00501423]		771 participants (Actual)	Observational	2006-06-30	Completed
PhaRmacodynamic Effects of Switching thErapy in paTients With High on Treatment Platelet Reactivity and Genotype Variation: High Clopidogrel Dose Versus Prasugrel RESET GENE Trial[NCT01465828]	Phase 3	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-10-31	Completed
A Comparison of Prasugrel and Clopidogrel in Acute Coronary Syndrome Subjects With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Who Are Medically Managed[NCT00699998]	Phase 3	9,326 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Completed
Laboratory Implications of Non Obstructive Atherosclerotic Plaques Identified by Multiple Detector Coronary Angiotomography[NCT03632785]		90 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-03-27	Completed
Effect of Amlodipine on Platelet Inhibition by Clopidogrel in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease- a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT01203696]	Phase 4	97 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-07-31	Completed
Routine Or Selective Stress Testing After Revascularization: ROSSTAR Trial RCT Outline[NCT03067402]		1,100 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2017-03-20	Not yet recruiting
Register of Cardiovascular Complications Among People Living With HIV[NCT02453919]		800 participants (Anticipated)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2010-02-28	Recruiting
Clopidogrel After Surgery for Coronary Artery Disease (CASCADE Trial): Does Clopidogrel Prevent Saphenous Vein Graft Disease After Coronary Bypass?[NCT00228423]	Phase 2	113 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-05-31	Completed
A Prospective, Double-blinded, Randomised Study to Evaluate the Effects of Different Doses of Statin Treatment on Plaque Volume and Composition in Coronary Disease Determined by Virtual Histology Using Intravascular Ultrasound[NCT01200056]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-08-31	Completed
Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Multicenter Trial of Abciximab And Bivalirudin in Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions (ISAR-REACT-4)[NCT00373451]	Phase 4	1,721 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-07-31	Completed
Influence of Varenicline on the Antiplatelet Action of Clopidogrel : the Randomized, Open-label VACL (Varenicline Clopidogrel) Study[NCT01308671]		198 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Recruiting
A Multicentre, Open-label, Single-arm Phase II Trial on the Efficacy and Safety of Sclerotherapy Using 3% Polidocanol Foam to Treat Second-degree Hemorrhoidal Disease[NCT03791775]	Phase 2	183 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2019-01-02	Completed
Optimization of Antiplatelet Therapy With Clopidogrel on the Basis of the Extent of Platelet Inhibition in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Undergoing PCI With Stent Implantation[NCT00774475]	Phase 3	442 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Not yet recruiting
Phase 4 Study of Randomized Comparison Among Oral Rapamycin Plus Bare Metal Stents Versus Drug Eluting Stents in de Novo Coronary Lesions.[NCT00552669]	Phase 4	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-01-31	Completed
Effects of Prolonged Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Clopidogrel Plus Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) After Percutaneous Lower Extremity Revascularization in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease[NCT02798913]	Phase 3	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-01-31	Recruiting
Aspirin Non-responsiveness and Clopidogrel Endpoint Trial.[NCT00222261]	Phase 4	1,001 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-04-30	Completed
Comparative Study of Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Different Clopidogrel Salts in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease. A Multi-center Non-interventional Clinical Trial.[NCT02126982]		1,500 participants (Actual)	Observational	2012-10-31	Completed
A Multicenter Prospective observationaL Study to evAluate the effecT of Clopidogrel on the prEvention of Major vascuLar Events According to the gEnotype of Cytochrome P450 2C19 in Ischemic Stroke paTients; PLATELET Study[NCT04072705]		2,927 participants (Actual)	Observational	2019-09-20	Completed
Antiplatelet Therapy in HIV - Antiplatelet and Immune Modulating Effects of Aspirin or Clopidogrel in Subjects With HIV[NCT02559414]	Phase 2	55 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-02-28	Completed
Influence of Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg Two Times a Day for Intermittent Claudication and Exercise Tolerance in Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) - a Randomised Controlled Trial[NCT04305028]		100 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2021-03-10	Not yet recruiting
Efficacy of H2 Receptor Antagonist in Prevention of Thienopyridine-related Peptic Ulcer[NCT02418312]		228 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-01-31	Completed
Genotype Guided Antiplatelet Therapy In Ischemic Stroke[NCT05763862]		350 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-24	Recruiting
Pantoprazole Versus Famotidine for the Prevention of Recurrent Peptic Ulcers in Thienopyridine Users - a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial[NCT02551744]		101 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-07-31	Completed
Intensified Antiplatelet Therapy in Post-PCI Patients With High On-treatment Platelet Reactivity: the OPTIMA-2 Trial[NCT01955200]	Phase 4	1,724 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-10-05	Completed
The Role of Multiple Electrode Aggregometry in Detection of Clopidogrel Resistance in Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Prediction of Clinical Outcomes. A Comparative-method, Non Interventional, Single Center Study.[NCT01991093]		280 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-06-30	Completed
WilL LOWer Dose Aspirin be More Effective Following ACS? (WILLOW-ACS)[NCT02741817]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-26	Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled, Parallel-group Study to Investigate the Platelet Inhibition of Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Recent Elective Percutaneous Coron[NCT02748330]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Completed
A Randomized, Single Center Trial to Assess the Endothelial Function With Ticagrelor Monotherapy Compared to Aspirin Monotherapy in Patients With History of Acute Coronary Syndrome[NCT03881943]	Phase 4	200 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-01-31	Completed
A Single-center, Randomized, Open-label, Controlled, Dose-escalating, Parallel-group Study to Assess the Anti-platelet Effect of Berberine in Patients Receiving Aspirin and Clopidogrel After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention[NCT03378934]	Phase 4	64 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-09-26	Recruiting
Gastrointestinal Ulceration in Patients on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention[NCT00413309]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2006-04-30	Completed
The Effect of Inducing the Cytochrome P450 System on the Pharmacodynamic Efficacy of Clopidogrel[NCT01330589]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-04-30	Withdrawn (stopped due to Inability to enroll subjects and changes in standard of care for PCI)
Aspirin Impact on Platelet Reactivity in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients on Novel P2Y12 Inhibitors Therapy[NCT02049762]	Phase 4	29 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-06-30	Completed
The Association Between Plasma or Platelet microRNAs and Clopidogrel Low Response and Its Mechanism[NCT02447809]	Phase 4	400 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-01-31	Recruiting
The Efficacy and Safety of Proton Pump Inhibitor ( in Patients With Moderate Bleeding Risk and Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary: A Randomised, Open ,Compared With Control[NCT05820048]	Phase 4	300 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-05-01	Not yet recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Clinical Events Committee (CEC)-adjudicated results (modified intent-to-treat [mITT] population) (NCT01156571)
Timeframe: 48 hours after randomization

Incidence of Major/Minor Non-coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)-Related Hemorrhage by Clinical Relevant Criteria - GUSTO Severe/Life-threatening, Moderate and Mild

Intervention	participants (Number)
Cangrelor Treatment Arm	257
Clopidogrel Treatment Arm	322

GUSTO = Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries trial (NCT01156571)
Timeframe: 48 hours after randomization

Individual Incidence of Stent Thrombosis (ST), Death, Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Ischemia-driven Revascularization (IDR)

Intervention	participants (Number)
	GUSTO severe/life threatening	GUSTO moderate	GUSTO severe or moderate	TIMI major	TIMI minor	TIMI major or minor	Any blood transfusion
Cangrelor Treatment Arm	9	22	31	5	9	14	25
Clopidogrel Treatment Arm	6	13	19	5	3	8	16

CEC-adjudicated results (mITT population) (NCT01156571)
Timeframe: 48 hours after randomization

Definite or Probable Stent Thrombosis (ST) - Propensity Matched DES vs. BMS

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Stent Thrombosis	Death	MI (myocardial infarction)	IDR (ischemia-driven revascularization)
Cangrelor Treatment Arm	46	18	207	28
Clopidogrel Treatment Arm	74	18	255	38

Secondary powered endpoint (NCT00977938)
Timeframe: 33 months (0-33 months post-index procedure)

Definite or Probable Stent Thrombosis (ST) - Randomized BMS ITT

Intervention	percentage of patients (Number)
Propensity-matched DES	1.70
Propensity-matched BMS	2.61

ST was assessed according to the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) definitions. (NCT00977938)
Timeframe: 18 months (12-30 months post-index procedure)

Definite or Probable Stent Thrombosis (ST) - Randomized BMS ITT

Intervention	percentage of patients (KM estimate) (Number)
BMS 30-month DAPT	0.50
BMS 12-month DAPT	1.11

ST was assessed according to the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) definitions. (NCT00977938)
Timeframe: 21 months (12-33 months post-index procedure)

Definite or Probable Stent Thrombosis (ST) - Randomized DES ITT

Intervention	percentage of patients (KM estimate) (Number)
BMS 30-month DAPT	0.50
BMS 12-month DAPT	1.11

ST was assessed according to the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) definitions. (NCT00977938)
Timeframe: 21 months (12-33 months post-index procedure)

Definite or Probable Stent Thrombosis (ST) - Randomized DES ITT

Intervention	percentage of patients (KM estimate) (Number)
DES 30-month DAPT	0.69
DES 12-month DAPT	1.45

The coprimary efficacy endpoints were the cumulative incidence of MACCE and the cumulative incidence of definite or probable ST within randomized DES ITT patients between 12 and 30 months post procedure. ST was assessed according to the Academic Research Consortium (ARC) definitions. (NCT00977938)
Timeframe: 18 months (12-30 months post-index procedure)

GUSTO Severe or Moderate Bleeding - Randomized BMS ITT

Intervention	percentage of patients (KM estimate) (Number)
DES 30-month DAPT	0.40
DES 12-month DAPT	1.35

Bleeding was assessed according to the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Arteries (GUSTO) criteria. (NCT00977938)
Timeframe: 18 months (12-30 months post-index procedure)

GUSTO Severe or Moderate Bleeding - Randomized BMS ITT

Intervention	percentage of patients (Number)
BMS 30-month DAPT	2.03
BMS 12-month DAPT	0.90

GUSTO Severe or Moderate Bleeding - Randomized DES ITT

Intervention	percentage of patients (Number)
BMS 30-month DAPT	2.09
BMS 12-month DAPT	1.05

Intervention	percentage of patients (Number)
DES 30-month DAPT	2.74
DES 12-month DAPT	1.88

The primary safety endpoint was moderate or severe bleeding within randomized DES ITT patients between 12 and 30 months post procedure. Bleeding was assessed according to the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Arteries (GUSTO) criteria. (NCT00977938)
Timeframe: 18 months (12-30 months post-index procedure)

MACCE (Death, Myocardial Infarction or Stroke) - Propensity Matched DES vs. BMS

Intervention	percentage of patients (Number)
DES 30-month DAPT	2.53
DES 12-month DAPT	1.57

Secondary powered endpoint (NCT00977938)
Timeframe: 33 months (0-33 months post-index procedure)

MACCE (Death, Myocardial Infarction or Stroke) - Randomized BMS ITT

MACCE (Death, Myocardial Infarction or Stroke) - Randomized DES ITT

Intervention	percentage of patients (Number)
Propensity-matched DES	11.37
Propensity-matched BMS	13.24

Intervention	percentage of patients (KM estimate) (Number)
BMS 30-month DAPT	4.04
BMS 12-month DAPT	4.69

Intervention	percentage of patients (KM estimate) (Number)
BMS 30-month DAPT	4.68
BMS 12-month DAPT	5.48

Intervention	percentage of patients (KM estimate) (Number)
DES 30-month DAPT	5.62
DES 12-month DAPT	6.49

The coprimary efficacy endpoints were the cumulative incidence of MACCE and the cumulative incidence of ARC definite or probable stent thrombosis within randomized DES ITT patients between 12 and 30 months post procedure. (NCT00977938)
Timeframe: 18 months (12-30 months post-index procedure)

Percentage of Participants With Clinically Significant Bleeding

Intervention	percentage of patients (KM estimate) (Number)
DES 30-month DAPT	4.34
DES 12-month DAPT	5.92

Clinically significant bleeding is a composite of Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major bleeding, minor bleeding, and bleeding requiring medical attention (BRMA). TIMI major bleeding is defined as any symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, clinically overt signs of hemorrhage (including imaging) associated with a drop in hemoglobin of greater than or equal to (>=) 5 grams per deciliter (g/dL) (or when the hemoglobin concentration is not available, an absolute drop in hematocrit of >=15 percent (%)). TIMI minor bleeding event is defined as any clinically overt sign of hemorrhage (including imaging) that is associated with a fall in hemoglobin concentration of 3 to less than (<) 5 g/dL (or, when hemoglobin concentration is not available, a fall in hematocrit of 9 percent to <15 percent). A BRMA event is defined as any bleeding event that requires medical treatment, surgical treatment, or laboratory evaluation, and does not meet criteria for a major or minor bleeding event. (NCT01830543)
Timeframe: Up to Month 12

Percentage of Participants With Bleeding Requiring Medical Attention (BRMA)

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Rivaroxaban 15 mg	15.7
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg Twice Daily (BID)/15 mg Once Daily(QD)	16.6
Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA)	24.0

A BRMA event is defined as any bleeding event that requires medical treatment, surgical treatment, or laboratory evaluation, and does not meet criteria for a major or minor bleeding event. (NCT01830543)
Timeframe: Up to Month 12 and end of DAPT-Month 1, 6 and 12

Percentage of Participants With Cardiovascular Death

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Up to Month 12 (n= 696, 706, 697)	End of DAPT-1 Month (n= 0, 108, 113)	End of DAPT-6 Month (n= 0, 248, 243)	End of DAPT-12 Month (n= 0, 350, 341)
Rivaroxaban 15 mg	13.4	NA	NA	NA
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg Twice Daily (BID)/15 mg Once Daily(QD)	14.4	16.7	12.9	14.9
Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA)	19.9	18.6	23	18.2

The percentage of participants with the first occurrence of cardiovascular death were evaluated. (NCT01830543)
Timeframe: Up to Month 12 and end of DAPT-Month 1, 6 and 12

Percentage of Participants With Composite of Adverse Cardiovascular Events (Cardiovascular Death, Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Stroke)

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Up to Month 12 (n= 694, 704, 695)	End of DAPT-1 Month (n= 0, 108, 112)	End of DAPT-6 Month (n= 0, 248, 243)	End of DAPT-12 Month (n= 0, 348, 340)
Rivaroxaban 15 mg	2.2	NA	NA	NA
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg Twice Daily (BID)/15 mg Once Daily(QD)	2	1.9	2.4	1.7
Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA)	1.6	1.8	1.6	1.5

Percentage of participants who experienced adverse cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, myocardial Infarction (MI) and stroke) collectively, were assessed. (NCT01830543)
Timeframe: Up to Month 12 and end of DAPT-Month 1, 6 and 12

Percentage of Participants With Myocardial Infarction

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Up to Month 12 (n= 694, 704, 695)	End of DAPT-1 Month (n= 0, 108, 112)	End of DAPT-6 Month (n= 0, 248, 243)	End of DAPT-12 Month (n= 0, 348, 340)
Rivaroxaban 15 mg	5.9	NA	NA	NA
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg Twice Daily (BID)/15 mg Once Daily(QD)	5.1	5.6	6.5	4
Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA)	5.2	4.5	3.7	6.5

The percentage of participants with the first occurrence of Myocardial Infarction were evaluated. (NCT01830543)
Timeframe: Up to Month 12 and end of DAPT-Month 1, 6 and 12

Percentage of Participants With Stent Thrombosis

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Up to Month 12 (n= 694, 704, 695)	End of DAPT-1 Month (n= 0, 108, 112)	End of DAPT-6 Month (n= 0, 248, 243)	End of DAPT-12 Month (n= 0, 348, 340)
Rivaroxaban 15 mg	2.7	NA	NA	NA
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg Twice Daily (BID)/15 mg Once Daily(QD)	2.4	2.8	2.8	2
Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA)	3	0.9	2.5	4.1

The percentage of participants with the first occurrence of stent thrombosis were evaluated. (NCT01830543)
Timeframe: Up to Month 12 and end of DAPT-Month 1, 6 and 12

Percentage of Participants With Stroke

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Up to Month 12 (n= 694, 704, 695)	End of DAPT-1 Month (n= 0, 108, 112)	End of DAPT-6 Month (n= 0, 248, 243)	End of DAPT-12 Month (n= 0, 348, 340)
Rivaroxaban 15 mg	0.7	NA	NA	NA
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg Twice Daily (BID)/15 mg Once Daily(QD)	0.9	1.9	1.6	0
Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA)	0.6	0.9	0.4	0.6

The percentage of participants with the first occurrence of Stroke were evaluated. (NCT01830543)
Timeframe: Up to Month 12 and end of DAPT-Month 1, 6 and 12

Percentage of Participants With Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Major Bleeding

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Up to Month 12 (n= 694, 704, 695)	End of DAPT-1 Month (n= 0, 108, 112)	End of DAPT-6 Month (n= 0, 248, 243)	End of DAPT-12 Month (n= 0, 348, 340)
Rivaroxaban 15 mg	1.2	NA	NA	NA
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg Twice Daily (BID)/15 mg Once Daily(QD)	1.4	1.9	2.4	0.6
Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA)	1	2.7	0	1.2

TIMI major bleeding is defined as any symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, Clinically overt signs of hemorrhage (including imaging) associated with a drop in hemoglobin of >= 5 g/dL (or when the hemoglobin concentration is not available, an absolute drop in hematocrit of >=15 percent). (NCT01830543)
Timeframe: Up to Month 12 and end of DAPT-Month 1, 6 and 12

Percentage of Participants With Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Minor Bleeding

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Up to Month 12 (n= 696, 706, 697)	End of DAPT-1 Month (n= 0, 108,113)	End of DAPT-6 Month (n= 0, 248,243)	End of DAPT-12 Month (n= 0, 350,341)
Rivaroxaban 15 mg	2.0	NA	NA	NA
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg Twice Daily (BID)/15 mg Once Daily(QD)	1.7	0.9	2.8	1.1
Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA)	2.9	4.4	3.7	1.8

TIMI minor bleeding event is defined as any clinically overt sign of hemorrhage (including imaging) that is associated with a fall in hemoglobin concentration of 3 to <5 g/dL (or, when hemoglobin concentration is not available, a fall in hematocrit of 9 percent to <15 percent). (NCT01830543)
Timeframe: Up to Month 12 and end of DAPT-Month 1, 6 and 12

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of All-Cause Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Nonfatal Stroke

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
	Up to Month 12 (n= 696, 706, 697)	End of DAPT-1 Month (n= 0, 108, 113)	End of DAPT-6 Month (n= 0, 248, 243)	End of DAPT-12 Month (n= 0, 350, 341)
Rivaroxaban 15 mg	1.0	NA	NA	NA
Rivaroxaban 2.5 mg Twice Daily (BID)/15 mg Once Daily(QD)	1.0	0.9	0.4	1.4
Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA)	1.9	1.8	2.5	1.5

The endpoint in this measure is a combination of all-cause death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. Results are reported for the All ACS population. (NCT00097591)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 15 months

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), Nonfatal Stroke, or Rehospitalization for Cardiac Ischemic Events

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Prasugrel	692
Clopidogrel	822

The endpoint in this measure is a combination of CV death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or rehospitalization for cardiac ischemic events. Results are reported for the All ACS population. (NCT00097591)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 15 months

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Nonfatal Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Prasugrel	797
Clopidogrel	938

The endpoint in this measure is a combination of CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. Results are reported for the All ACS population for the 30 and 90 day periods. (NCT00097591)
Timeframe: Randomization to 30 days; randomization to 90 days

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Nonfatal Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	All ACS (Through 30 days)	All ACS (Through 90 days)
Clopidogrel	502	573
Prasugrel	389	462

The endpoint in this measure is a combination of CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. The data is presented by the study population, which is represented as follows: 1) subjects who presented with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI), 2) subjects who presented with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and 3) all subjects with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) (i.e. all subjects with UA/NSTEMI or STEMI). (NCT00097591)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 15 months

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Urgent Target Vessel Revascularization (UTVR)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	UA/NSTEMI (n=5044, n=5030)	STEMI (n=1769, n=1765)	All ACS (n=6813, n=6795)
Clopidogrel	565	216	781
Prasugrel	469	174	643

The endpoint in this measure is a combination of CV death, nonfatal MI, or UTVR. Results are reported for the All ACS subject population for the 30 and 90 day periods. (NCT00097591)
Timeframe: Randomization to 30 days; randomization to 90 days

Number of Treated Subjects With Non-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Related Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Study Group Major and Minor Bleeding Events

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	All ACS (Through 30 days)	All ACS (Through 90 days)
Clopidogrel	504	588
Prasugrel	399	472

TIMI classification for major and minor bleeding in the subset of subjects who did not undergo a coronary artery bypass operation (CABG) were defined as follows: Major bleeding: any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) OR any clinically overt bleeding (including bleeding evident on imaging studies) associated with a fall in hemoglobin (Hgb) of ≥5 grams/deciliter (gm/dL)from baseline. Minor Bleeding: any clinically overt bleeding associated with a fall in Hgb of ≥3 gm/dL but <5 gm/dL from baseline. Major bleeding events were further examined as events that were deemed life threatening and/or fatal. (NCT00097591)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 15 months (while at risk)

Event Rate for Adjudicated All Bleeding Events During the Phase B Adjusted Treatment Period - Treated Participants Randomized in Phase B

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	TIMI Major or Minor Bleeding	TIMI Major Bleeding	TIMI Major Bleeding - Life-threatening (LT)	LT - Fatal	LT - Symptomatic intracranial hemorrage (ICH)	LT - Requiring inotropes	LT - Requiring surgical intervention	LT - Requiring transfusion (>=4 units)	TIMI Minor Bleeding
Clopidogrel	231	111	56	5	17	8	19	30	125
Prasugrel	303	146	85	21	19	21	19	45	164

Bleeding was assessed using the ISTH guidelines. Events were adjudicated by the CEC. Event rate was number of participants with events divided by the number of participants treated (%). All bleeding events included major bleeding, clinically relevant non-major bleeding and minor bleeding. Phase B Adjusted Treatment Period=safety events occurring in the period from first dose through 2 days (or through 30 days for SAE tabulations) after the earliest of last dose date or 1-Oct-2007 (termination date for the 10 mg BID group). (NCT00313300)
Timeframe: From first dose (Day 1) to last dose, plus 2 days (plus 30 days for SAEs), up to high dose termination, 1 October 2007

Event Rate for Adjudicated All Bleeding Events During the Treatment Period - Treated Participants With Placebo or Apixaban Low Doses

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	6.1
Apixaban 2.5mg BID	15.1
Apixaban 10mg QD	17.6
Apixaban 10mg BID	24.2
Apixaban 20 mg QD	23.9

Bleeding was assessed using the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) guidelines. Events were adjudicated by the Clinical Events Committee (CEC). Event rate was number of participants with events divided by the number of participants treated (%). All bleeding events includes major bleeding, clinically relevant non-major bleeding and minor bleeding. Treatment Period refers to the period from first dose through 2 days, or through 30 days for Serious Adverse Event (SAE) tabulations, after discontinuation of study drug. Data in this outcome are combined across Phase A and Phase B. (NCT00313300)
Timeframe: first dose (Day 1) to last dose plus 2 days (or for SAEs, plus 30 days), up to Year 2 of the Study

Event Rate of Composite of Adjudicated Major Bleeding and Clinically Relevant Non-Major Bleeding During the Phase B Adjusted Treatment Period- Treated Participants Randomized in Phase B

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	10.5
Apixaban 2.5mg BID	20.6
Apixaban 10mg QD	22.5

Bleeding was assessed using ISTH guidelines. Events were adjudicated by the CEC. Event rate was number of participants with events divided by the number of participants treated, measured as a percentage (%). The analyses of Phase B data across all doses of apixaban are secondary because of the premature termination of the apixaban high-dose groups and the lower duration of exposure. Phase B Adjusted Treatment Period=safety events occurring in the period from first dose through 2 days (or through 30 days for SAE tabulations) after the earliest of last dose date or 1-Oct-2007 (termination date for the 10 mg BID group). (NCT00313300)
Timeframe: From first dose (Day 1) to last dose, plus 2 days (plus 30 days for SAEs), up to high dose termination, 1 October 2007

Event Rate of Composite of Adjudicated Major Bleeding and Clinically Relevant Non-Major Bleeding During the Treatment Period- Treated Participants With Placebo or Apixaban Low Doses

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	0.8
Apixaban 2.5mg BID	5.0
Apixaban 10mg QD	5.6
Apixaban 10mg BID	7.8
Apixaban 20 mg QD	7.3

Bleeding was assessed using the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) guidelines. Events were adjudicated by the Clinical Events Committee (CEC). Event rate was number of participants with events divided by the number of participants treated, measured as a percentage (%). The primary outcome is based on data for the placebo and 2 apixaban low-dose groups (2.5 mg BID and 10 mg QD) combined across Phase A and Phase B. The analyses of Phase B data across all doses of apixaban are secondary because of the premature termination of the apixaban high-dose groups (10mg BID, 20mg QD) and the resulting lower duration of exposure for these groups. (NCT00313300)
Timeframe: From first dose of study drug (Day 1) to last dose plus 2 days, up to Year 2 of the Study

Event Rate of Confirmed Adjudicated Major Bleeding During the Phase B Adjusted Treatment Period - Treated Participants Randomized in Phase B

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	3.0
Apixaban 2.5mg BID	5.7
Apixaban 10mg QD	7.9

Bleeding was assessed using the ISTH guidelines. Events were adjudicated by the CEC. Event rate was number of participants with events divided by the number of participants treated (%). (NCT00313300)
Timeframe: From first dose (Day 1) to last dose, plus 2 days (plus 30 days for SAEs), up to high dose termination, 1 October 2007

Event Rate of Confirmed Adjudicated Major Bleeding During the Treatment Period- Treated Participants With Placebo or Apixaban Low Doses

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	0.0
Apixaban 2.5mg BID	0.8
Apixaban 10mg QD	0.0
Apixaban 10mg BID	2.9
Apixaban 20 mg QD	4.1

Bleeding was assessed using the ISTH guidelines. Events were adjudicated by the Clinical Events Committee. Event rate was number of participants with events divided by the number of participants treated, measured as a percentage (%). (NCT00313300)
Timeframe: from first dose (Day 1) to last dose plus 2 days, up to Year 2 of the Study

Number of Participants With a Composite of Adjudicated All-Cause Death, Non-Fatal Myocardial Infarction, Severe Recurrent Ischemia, and Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke During the Intended Treatment Period - Randomized Participants

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Placebo	0.8
Apixaban 2.5mg BID	1.6
Apixaban 10mg QD	1.9

Events were adjudicated by the Clinical Events Committee (CEC). Event rate was number of participants with events divided by the number of participants treated (%). Intended Treatment Period refers to the period starting on the day of randomization and ending 182 days after the day of randomization (for a total period duration of 183 days). Data in this outcome are combined across Phase A and Phase B (NCT00313300)
Timeframe: Day of randomization to 182 days after day of randomization (183 days)

Number of Participants With a Composite of Adjudicated Cardiovascular Death, Non-Fatal Myocardial Infarction, Severe Recurrent Ischemia and Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke During the Intended Treatment Period - Randomized Participants

Intervention	participants (Number)
Placebo	54
Apixaban 2.5mg BID	24
Apixaban 10mg QD	20

Events were adjudicated by the Clinical Events Committee (CEC). Intended Treatment Period refers to the period starting on the day of randomization and ending 182 days after the day of randomization (for a total period duration of 183 days). Data in this outcome are combined across Phase A and Phase B. (NCT00313300)
Timeframe: Randomization to 182 days after randomization (183 days)

Number of Participants With Composite of Adjudicated All-Cause Death, Non-Fatal Myocardial Infarction, Severe Recurrent Ischemia, Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke During the Phase B Adjusted Intended Treatment Period - Participants Randomized in Phase B

Intervention	participants (Number)
Placebo	53
Apixaban 2.5mg BID	24
Apixaban 10mg QD	19

Phase B Adjusted Intended Treatment Period=day of randomization and ends on termination date of high dose apixaban, 1-Oct-2007. The analyses of Phase B data across all doses of apixaban are secondary due to the premature termination of the apixaban high dose groups and the lower duration of exposure. (NCT00313300)
Timeframe: Day of randomization and ends on high dose termination date, 1-Oct-2007

Number of Participants With Composite of Adjudicated Cardiovascular Death, Non-Fatal Myocardial Infarction, Severe Recurrent Ischemia, Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke During the Phase B Adjusted Intended Treatment Period - Participants Randomized in Phase B

Intervention	participants (Number)
Placebo	16
Apixaban 2.5mg BID	6
Apixaban 10mg QD	4
Apixaban 10mg BID	8
Apixaban 20 mg QD	7

Phase B Adjusted Intended Treatment Period=day of randomization and ends on 1-Oct-2007. The analyses of Phase B data across all doses of apixaban are secondary due to the premature termination of the apixaban high dose groups and the lower duration of exposure. (NCT00313300)
Timeframe: Day of randomization up to high dose termination, 1-Oct-2007

Incidence of the Composite of Death, Myocardial Infarction (MI), Recurrent Ischemia Requiring Urgent Revascularization (RI-UR), and Thrombotic Bail-out.

Incidence of the Composite of Death/MI.

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of All-cause Death, MI, or Stroke

Intervention	participants (Number)
Placebo	16
Apixaban 2.5mg BID	6
Apixaban 10mg QD	4
Apixaban 10mg BID	8
Apixaban 20 mg QD	7

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Eptifibatide	9.3
Placebo	10.0

Intervention	percentage of participants (Number)
Eptifibatide	11.2
Placebo	12.3

The percentage of participants is the total number of participants experiencing an all-cause death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke divided by number of participants in the treatment arm. Endpoint events were adjudicated by the Clinical Endpoint Committee. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Randomization through end of study (30-month visit)

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Stroke

Intervention	percentage of participants with an event (Number)
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	10.61
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	27.04
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	11.12
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	26.83

The percentage of participants is the total number of participants experiencing a CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke divided by number of participants in the treatment arm multiplied by 100. Endpoint events were adjudicated by the Clinical Endpoint Committee. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Randomization through end of study (30-month visit)

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of CV Death and MI

Intervention	percentage of participants with an event (Number)
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	10.06
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	24.64
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	10.96
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	24.13

The percentage of participants is the total number of participants experiencing a CV death or nonfatal MI divided by number of participants in the treatment arm. Endpoint events were adjudicated by the Clinical Endpoint Committee. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Randomization through end of study (30-month visit)

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of CV Death, MI, Stroke, or Re-hospitalization for Recurrent Unstable Angina (UA)

The percentage of participants is the total number of participants experiencing a CV death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke or re-hospitalization for a recurrent UA divided by number of participants in the treatment arm. Endpoints events were adjudicated by the Clinical Endpoint Committee. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Randomization through end of study (30-month visit)

Biomarker Measurements of Inflammation/Hemodynamic Stress: Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to hemodynamic stress and is a biomarker associated with increased CV risk. Results are presented as geometric least squares means (Geometric LS means). Geometric LS means were adjusted for treatment + baseline value + clopidogrel status at randomization. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Day 30 and 6 Months

Biomarker Measurements of Inflammation/Hemodynamic Stress: C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a biomarker associated with inflammation and increased CV risk. Results are presented as geometric least squares means (Geometric LS means). Geometric LS means were adjusted for treatment + baseline value + clopidogrel status at randomization. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Day 30 and Month 6

Economic and Quality of Life Outcomes

Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) is a validated, disease-specific questionnaire containing 11 questions (Q) yielding 5 summary scales related to angina: physical limitations, angina stability, angina frequency, treatment satisfaction and disease perception. In this study only angina frequency and the physical limitations scales were assessed. Anginal Frequency was assessed using Q3 and Q4 which consists of a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 6 (higher values equals better quality of life) to assess how often a patient is having symptoms now. Physical limitations was assessed using Q1 which contains 9 items each assessed via Likert scale ranging from 1 to 6 (higher values equals better quality of life) to assess how much a participant's condition is hampering their ability to do what they want to do. Scale scores are transformed to a 0-100 by subtracting the lowest possible score, dividing by the range of the scale, and multiplying by 100. Higher values equal better quality of life. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Baseline and follow-up (24 months)

Genotyping Related to Drug Metabolism

Variation in the genes encoding the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (CYP2C19) can reduce the ability to metabolize clopidogrel and a reduced platelet response and have been associated with increased rates of CV events including CV death. Participants were classified as extensive metabolizers (EM); reduced metabolizers (RM); or unknown (UNK) metabolizers based on their CYP2C19 genotype. Possible extensive metabolizer (EM) phenotypes include EM=extensive metabolizer, UM=ultra-rapid metabolizer, and EM (non-UM) that are not UM. Possible reduced metabolizer (RM) phenotypes include IM=intermediate metabolizer and PM=poor metabolizer. Genotypes associated with each predicted phenotype are presented; predicted phenotype is presented first followed by the genotype. Percentage=(number of participants with the predicted phenotype and genotype divided by the total number of participants per arm) multiplied by 100. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Baseline

Platelet Aggregation Measures

Platelet aggregation was measured by as measured by Accumetrics Verify Now™ P2Y12. Results were reported in P2Y12 Reaction Units (PRU). PRU represents the rate and extent of adenosine (ADP)-stimulated platelet aggregation. Lower values indicate greater P2Y12 platelet inhibition and lower platelet activity and aggregation. ANCOVA Model was used and values were corrected for treatment + baseline value + clopidogrel status at randomization. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Day 30 and 12 Months

Summary of All Deaths

All deaths, regardless of possible relatedness, with the exception of 1 event, were adjudicated by the Clinical Endpoint Committee (CEC) and are reported in this table. The 1 event which was not adjudicated was a result of the revocation of consent by the participant prior to their death. Deaths possibly related to study drug in the opinion of the investigator are also contained in the Serious Adverse Event (SAE) module. (NCT00699998)
Timeframe: Randomization through end of study (30-month visit)

Incidence of Major Adverse Coronary Events Within One Year Following Surgery

Incidence of Major Bleeding Events Within One Year Following Surgery

Vein Graft Angiographic Patency

Postoperative angiogram 12 months post-CABG (NCT00228423)
Timeframe: One year following surgery

Vein Graft Intimal Area

IVUS imaging 12 months post-CABG, and the average intimal area in the proximal 40 mm of one vein graft per patient will be assessed (NCT00228423)
Timeframe: One year following surgery

Differences in Costs Between Two Revascularization Strategies for de Novo Coronary Lesions.

Overall costs expressed in US dollars at 18 months of follow up between Oral Sirolimus Plus BMS vs DES implantation in denovo coronary lesions. (NCT00552669)
Timeframe: Follow up will be conducted by the coordinating Center at 18 months of follow up

Target Vessel Revascularization (TVR)

Efficacy end point was TVR as revasacularization of the treated vessel. (NCT00552669)
Timeframe: 18 months

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACCE)

Death from any cause, myocardial infarction and stroke. Safety was analyzed as MACCE (major adverse cardiovascular events) including death, MI and stroke. (NCT00552669)
Timeframe: 18 Months

Percentage Leukocyte-Platelet Aggregate

Secondary objectives will compare the effect of each antiplatelet therapy drug on biomarkers related to endothelial function. (NCT02559414)
Timeframe: 14 Days

Percentage Monocyte-Platelet Aggregates

Secondary objectives will compare the effect of each antiplatelet therapy drug on biomarkers related to immune activity (NCT02559414)
Timeframe: 14 Days

Percentage Monocyte-Platelet Aggregates

Secondary objectives will compare the effect of each antiplatelet therapy drug on biomarkers related to inflammation (NCT02559414)
Timeframe: 14 Days

Percentage Platelet Aggregation in PRP After Stimulation With ADP 5μM for 5 Min

Percentage Platelet Aggregation in PRP After Stimulation With Arachidonic Acid 1600 μM for 5 Min

The primary objective of these analyses will be to compare the effects of aspirin versus control and clopidogrel versus control for the outcome of platelet activity. Aspirin is expected to decrease arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation by 50% versus control. Clopidogrel is expected to decrease ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 50% versus control. (NCT02559414)
Timeframe: Baseline, 14 Days

Number of Participants With Healed Peptic Ulcer

Follow-up endoscopy was performed at the end of the 6th month (NCT02418312)
Timeframe: 6 months

Number of Participants With Ulcer Recurrence

Follow-up endoscopy was performed at the end of the 6th month (NCT02551744)
Timeframe: six month

Intervention	percentage of participants with an event (Number)
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	9.61
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	22.53
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	10.21
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	22.69

Intervention	percentage of participants with an event (Number)
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	12.13
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	26.27
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	12.83
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	25.67

Intervention	picograms per milliliter (pg/mL) (Geometric Mean)
	Day 30	6 Months (n=725, 125, 701, 174)
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	319.345	250.982
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	951.359	722.750
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	313.494	253.434
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	1082.396	770.132

Intervention	milligrams per liter (mg/L) (Geometric Mean)
	Day 30	6 Months (n=755, 143, 745, 178)
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	2.287	2.149
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	2.226	1.543
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	2.330	2.272
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	2.441	1.593

Intervention	units on a scale (Mean)
	Baseline, physical limitations	Baseline, angina frequency	24 Months, physical limitations (n=420, 412)	24 Months, angina frequency (n=420, 412)
Clopidogrel	67.0	73.1	74.5	89.5
Prasugrel	67.8	73.6	75.1	89.7

Intervention	percentage participants with geneotype (Number)
	UM, 1/17	UM, 17/17	EM (non-UM), 1/1	IM, 1/2	IM, 1/3	IM, 1/4	IM, 1/6	IM, 1/8	PM, 2/2	PM, 2/3	PM, 2/4	PM, 2/6	PM, 2/8	PM, 3/3	UNK, 1/10	UNK, 1/13	UNK, 1/9	UNK, 1/9, 9/17	UNK, 13/17	UNK, 2/13	UNK, 2/17	UNK, 2/9	UNK, 3/17	UNK, 4/17	UNK, 4/9	UNK, 6/17	UNK, 8/17	UNK, 9/17	UNK, Undefined genotype
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	25.1	5.4	35.7	19.8	0.5	0.1	0.0	0.4	4.3	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.8	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.5
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	21.8	4.3	41.2	19.7	0.6	0.3	0.2	0.3	3.8	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.2	0.0	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.6
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	24.0	5.1	38.8	18.6	0.8	0.4	0.0	0.1	3.9	0.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.3	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.7
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	25.0	3.6	42.1	18.3	0.6	0.0	0.2	0.5	2.2	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	6.1	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.6

Intervention	P2Y12 Reaction Units (PRU) (Least Squares Mean)
	Day 30	Month 12 (n=386, 76, 400, 103)
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	193.489	199.003
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	200.285	181.360
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	93.280	94.529
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	151.872	135.096

Intervention	participants (Number)
	Congestive Heart Failure	Cardiogenic Shock	Cardiac Rupture	Myocardial Infarction	Dysrhythmia	Stent Thrombosis	Directly Related to Revascularization-CABG or PCI	Intracranial Hemorrhage	Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke	Sudden death due to cardiovascular event	Pulmonary Embolism	Stroke, unknown type	Other Cardiovascular Event	Cardiovascular event, unknown type	Accidental	Trauma	Hemorrhage, not intracranial	Infection	Malignancy	Suicide	Other Non-Cardiovascular event	Cause unknown (nonadjudicated event)
Clopidogrel: <75 Years of Age	13	10	0	24	6	0	1	4	4	70	2	0	0	45	1	0	0	16	14	0	8	0
Clopidogrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	23	9	0	21	3	0	1	1	3	43	1	0	1	45	1	1	4	17	11	0	6	0
Prasugrel: <75 Years of Age	10	8	0	16	5	0	1	2	4	75	0	0	6	40	1	2	1	14	14	1	8	0
Prasugrel: 75 Years of Age or Older	21	4	1	24	2	0	1	1	4	39	1	1	1	41	0	3	1	21	7	0	4	1

Intervention	US dollars (Mean)
Oral Sirolimus + Bare Metal Stent	5483
Drug Eluting Stents	7658.2

Intervention	participants (Number)
	MACCE	Death	Acute Myocardial Infarction	Stroke
Drug Eluting Stents	15	7	9	1
Oral Sirolimus + Bare Metal Stent	9	3	6	0

Intervention	%aggregation (Mean)
Placebo Baseline	14.06
Placebo Follow up	13.84
Aspirin Baseline	11.18
Aspirin Randomization	12.11
Clopidogrel Baseline	13.06
Clopidogrel Randomization	12.29

Intervention	%aggregation (Mean)
Placebo Baseline	15.53
Placebo Follow up	15.43
Aspirin Baseline	13.15
Aspirin Follow up	14.96
Clopidogrel Baseline	16.03
Clopidogrel Follow up	14.85

Intervention	%aggregation (Mean)
Placebo Baseline	69.45
Placebo Follow up	80.33
Aspirin Baseline	82.04
Aspirin Randomization	62.00
Clopidogrel Baseline	78.86
Clopidogrel Randomization	39.88

Intervention	%aggregation (Mean)
Placebo Baseline	72.35
Placebo Follow up	79.11
Aspirin Baseline	72.79
Aspirin Randomization	26.77
Clopidogrel Baseline	71.07
Clopidogrel Randomization	65.00

Intervention	participants (Number)
Proton Pump Inhibitor Group	1
Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonist Group	7

Article	Year
Antithrombotic strategies for preventing long-term major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2017, Volume: 18, Issue:9 Topics: Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Atrial Fibrillation; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Drug Therapy, Co	2017
Considerations in antithrombotic therapy among patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 2013, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Aortic Valve Stenosis; Aspirin; Cardiac Catheterization; Clopidogrel; Fibrinolytic Agents; Heart Val	2013
Risk of stroke in patients with high on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity to adenosine diphosphate after percutaneous coronary intervention. The American journal of cardiology, 2014, Jun-01, Volume: 113, Issue:11 Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Global Health	2014
Should P2Y12 inhibitors be given for 12 months in acute coronary syndrome? Current opinion in cardiology, 2014, Volume: 29, Issue:4 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Percutaneous Coronary In	2014
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and adjusted observational results of use of clopidogrel, aspirin, and oral anticoagulants in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The American journal of cardiology, 2015, May-01, Volume: 115, Issue:9 Topics: Administration, Oral; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hemorrhage; H	2015
Vorapaxar for reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events in myocardial infarction and peripheral artery disease. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, 2015, Oct-01, Volume: 72, Issue:19 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Half-Life; Hemorrhage; Humans; L	2015
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ticagrelor in the treatment of cardiac ischemia. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 2016, Volume: 12, Issue:12 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adenosine; Animals; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans	2016
A critical reappraisal of aspirin for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic heart disease. American heart journal, 2016, Volume: 181 Topics: Adenosine; Antithrombins; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evidence-Based Medicine;	2016
Antiplatelet drug response variability and the role of platelet function testing: a practical guide for interventional cardiologists. Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions, 2009, Jan-01, Volume: 73, Issue:1 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clopidogrel; Drug Resistance; Drug	2009
[Resistance to desaggregants: causes, clinical implication, methods of diagnosis and correction]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 2008, Volume: 80, Issue:12 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Coronary Thrombosis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Resistance; Drug T	2008
P2X(1) receptor inhibition and soluble CD39 administration as novel approaches to widen the cardiovascular therapeutic window. Trends in cardiovascular medicine, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Antigens, CD; Apyrase; Aspirin; Biomedical Research; Cardiovascular Diseases	2009
Residual platelet reactivity: predicting short- and long-term clinical outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization. Biomarkers in medicine, 2010, Volume: 4, Issue:3 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia;	2010
Cardiovascular risk in clopidogrel-treated patients according to cytochrome P450 2C192 loss-of-function allele or proton pump inhibitor coadministration: a systematic meta-analysis. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2010, Jul-06, Volume: 56, Issue:2* Topics: Alleles; Clopidogrel; Coronary Thrombosis; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Humans; Myocardial Ischem	2010
Cytochrome P450 2C19 polymorphism is associated with poor clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease patients treated with clopidogrel. Molecular biology reports, 2011, Volume: 38, Issue:3 Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Human	2011
The role of the cytochrome P450 polymorphisms in clopidogrel efficacy and clinical utility. Current medicinal chemistry, 2011, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopidogrel; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia;	2011
[New platelet P2Y12 inhibitors versus clopidogrel in percutaneous coronary interventions. a meta-analysis]. Kardiologiia, 2011, Volume: 51, Issue:2 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Clopidogrel; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Platelet Aggregation; Puri	2011
[ADP receptor blockers: new insights in the therapy and prophylaxis of ischemic heart disease]. Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2011, Volume: 136, Issue:27 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Adenosine Monophosphate; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Clopidogr	2011
Role of platelet function testing in clinical practice: current concepts and future perspectives. Current drug targets, 2011, Volume: 12, Issue:12 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Biotransformation; Brain Ischemia; Clopidogrel; Drug Monitoring; Drug Resis	2011
Clopidogrel treatment during pregnancy: a case report and a review of literature. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan), 2011, Volume: 50, Issue:16 Topics: Adult; Clopidogrel; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Myocardial Ischemia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Compl	2011
High on treatment platelet reactivity. Heart, lung & circulation, 2012, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyclooxygenase Inhi	2012
Prevalence of poor biological response to clopidogrel: a systematic review. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2012, Volume: 107, Issue:3 Topics: Clopidogrel; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Observer Variation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Plate	2012
Platelet function and inhibition in ischemic heart disease. Current cardiology reports, 2012, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Drug Resistance; Hemorrhage; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Platelet Agg	2012
[Genetic factors influencing efficacy of clopidogrel treatment]. Kardiologia polska, 2012, Volume: 70, Issue:11 Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Drug Resistance	2012
Platelet function monitoring and clopidogrel. Current cardiology reports, 2013, Volume: 15, Issue:1 Topics: Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Drug Monitoring; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Platelet Aggregation Inh	2013
Drug interactions in the treatment of depression in patients with ischemic heart disease. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 2012, Volume: 73, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Antidepressive Agents; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Comorbidity; Cytoc	2012
Combination antiplatelet therapy: implications for pharmacists. Pharmacotherapy, 2002, Volume: 22, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Coronary Restenosis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eptifibatide; Female; H	2002
Platelet ADP inhibitors in ischemic heart disease. Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology, 2003, Volume: 22, Issue:5 Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopidogrel; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors;	2003
Integrating antithrombin and antiplatelet therapies with early invasive management for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. The American journal of medicine, 2004, Jan-15, Volume: 116, Issue:2 Topics: Algorithms; Cardiac Catheterization; Clopidogrel; Coronary Angiography; Eptifibatide; Fibrinolytic A	2004
[Treatment of ischemic heart disease with the platelet aggregation inhibitor clopidogrel]. Ugeskrift for laeger, 2004, Apr-26, Volume: 166, Issue:18 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disease; Coronary Thrombosis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Myoc	2004
Relationship between activated clotting time and ischemic or hemorrhagic complications: analysis of 4 recent randomized clinical trials of percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation, 2004, Aug-24, Volume: 110, Issue:8 Topics: Abciximab; Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Bl	2004
Comparative benefits of clopidogrel and aspirin in high-risk patient populations: lessons from the CAPRIE and CURE studies. Archives of internal medicine, 2004, Oct-25, Volume: 164, Issue:19 Topics: Angina, Unstable; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia	2004
[Mechanism of action and clinical use of ticlopidine]. Kardiologiia, 2006, Volume: 46, Issue:4 Topics: Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Brain Ischemia; Diabetic Angiopathies; Fibrinolytic Agents; Humans; Myo	2006
Clopidogrel in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2006, Volume: 7, Issue:9 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Female; Hemorrhage; H	2006
Secondary prevention of ischaemic cardiac events. Clinical evidence, 2006, Issue:15 Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor	2006
Aspirin and clopidogrel resistance: consideration and management. Journal of interventional cardiology, 2006, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Monophosphate; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Clinical Trials as Topi	2006
Debate of adjunctive pharmacology for percutaneous coronary intervention: anticoagulation and clopidogrel are not (always) enough. Journal of interventional cardiology, 2006, Volume: 19, Issue:5 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Anticoagulants; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopidogrel; Combined Moda	2006
The relationship of platelet reactivity to the occurrence of post-stenting ischemic events: emergence of a new cardiovascular risk factor. Reviews in cardiovascular medicine, 2006, Volume: 7 Suppl 4 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Combined Modality Therapy; Dr	2006
Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Does clopidogrel increase morbidity and mortality after minor head injury. Emergency medicine journal : EMJ, 2007, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Clopidogrel; Craniocerebral Trauma; Emergency Medicine; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Hemat	2007
The role of clopidogrel in the management of ischemic heart disease. Current opinion in cardiology, 2007, Volume: 22, Issue:4 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Randomized Contr	2007
Clopidogrel: who, when, and how? Reviews in cardiovascular medicine, 2007, Volume: 8 Suppl 3 Topics: Acute Disease; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clopidogrel; Drug A	2007
Mortality benefit from unrestricted access to clopidogrel: too good to be true? CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2008, Feb-12, Volume: 178, Issue:4 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Canada; Clopidogrel; Coronary Restenosis; Drug Prescriptions; Health	2008
Confusion in reperfusion. Problems in the clinical development of antithrombotic drugs. Circulation, 1997, Feb-18, Volume: 95, Issue:4 Topics: Abciximab; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Aspirin; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fi	1997
Antiplatelet agents for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2001, Volume: 35, Issue:10 Topics: Aspirin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopidogrel; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Dipyridamole; Humans; Myocard	2001

ticlopidine and Myocardial Ischemia

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (230)

Authors

Clinical Trials (56)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

The Composite Incidence of All-cause Mortality, Myocardial Infarction (MI), Ischemia-driven Revascularization (IDR) and Stent Thrombosis (ST)

Incidence of Major/Minor Non-coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)-Related Hemorrhage by Clinical Relevant Criteria - GUSTO Severe/Life-threatening, Moderate and Mild

Individual Incidence of Stent Thrombosis (ST), Death, Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Ischemia-driven Revascularization (IDR)

Definite or Probable Stent Thrombosis (ST) - Propensity Matched DES vs. BMS

Definite or Probable Stent Thrombosis (ST) - Randomized BMS ITT

Definite or Probable Stent Thrombosis (ST) - Randomized BMS ITT

Definite or Probable Stent Thrombosis (ST) - Randomized DES ITT

Definite or Probable Stent Thrombosis (ST) - Randomized DES ITT

GUSTO Severe or Moderate Bleeding - Randomized BMS ITT

GUSTO Severe or Moderate Bleeding - Randomized BMS ITT

GUSTO Severe or Moderate Bleeding - Randomized DES ITT

GUSTO Severe or Moderate Bleeding - Randomized DES ITT

MACCE (Death, Myocardial Infarction or Stroke) - Propensity Matched DES vs. BMS

MACCE (Death, Myocardial Infarction or Stroke) - Randomized BMS ITT

MACCE (Death, Myocardial Infarction or Stroke) - Randomized BMS ITT

MACCE (Death, Myocardial Infarction or Stroke) - Randomized DES ITT

MACCE (Death, Myocardial Infarction or Stroke) - Randomized DES ITT

Percentage of Participants With Clinically Significant Bleeding

Percentage of Participants With Bleeding Requiring Medical Attention (BRMA)

Percentage of Participants With Cardiovascular Death

Percentage of Participants With Composite of Adverse Cardiovascular Events (Cardiovascular Death, Myocardial Infarction (MI) and Stroke)

Percentage of Participants With Myocardial Infarction

Percentage of Participants With Stent Thrombosis

Percentage of Participants With Stroke

Percentage of Participants With Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Major Bleeding

Percentage of Participants With Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Minor Bleeding

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of All-Cause Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Nonfatal Stroke

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), Nonfatal Stroke, or Rehospitalization for Cardiac Ischemic Events

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Nonfatal Stroke

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Nonfatal Stroke

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Urgent Target Vessel Revascularization (UTVR)

Number of Treated Subjects With Non-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Related Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Study Group Major and Minor Bleeding Events

Event Rate for Adjudicated All Bleeding Events During the Phase B Adjusted Treatment Period - Treated Participants Randomized in Phase B

Event Rate for Adjudicated All Bleeding Events During the Treatment Period - Treated Participants With Placebo or Apixaban Low Doses

Event Rate of Composite of Adjudicated Major Bleeding and Clinically Relevant Non-Major Bleeding During the Phase B Adjusted Treatment Period- Treated Participants Randomized in Phase B

Event Rate of Composite of Adjudicated Major Bleeding and Clinically Relevant Non-Major Bleeding During the Treatment Period- Treated Participants With Placebo or Apixaban Low Doses

Event Rate of Confirmed Adjudicated Major Bleeding During the Phase B Adjusted Treatment Period - Treated Participants Randomized in Phase B

Event Rate of Confirmed Adjudicated Major Bleeding During the Treatment Period- Treated Participants With Placebo or Apixaban Low Doses

Number of Participants With a Composite of Adjudicated All-Cause Death, Non-Fatal Myocardial Infarction, Severe Recurrent Ischemia, and Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke During the Intended Treatment Period - Randomized Participants

Number of Participants With a Composite of Adjudicated Cardiovascular Death, Non-Fatal Myocardial Infarction, Severe Recurrent Ischemia and Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke During the Intended Treatment Period - Randomized Participants

Number of Participants With Composite of Adjudicated All-Cause Death, Non-Fatal Myocardial Infarction, Severe Recurrent Ischemia, Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke During the Phase B Adjusted Intended Treatment Period - Participants Randomized in Phase B

Number of Participants With Composite of Adjudicated Cardiovascular Death, Non-Fatal Myocardial Infarction, Severe Recurrent Ischemia, Non-Hemorrhagic Stroke During the Phase B Adjusted Intended Treatment Period - Participants Randomized in Phase B

Incidence of the Composite of Death, Myocardial Infarction (MI), Recurrent Ischemia Requiring Urgent Revascularization (RI-UR), and Thrombotic Bail-out.

Incidence of the Composite of Death/MI.

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of All-cause Death, MI, or Stroke

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Stroke

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of CV Death and MI

Percentage of Participants With a Composite Endpoint of CV Death, MI, Stroke, or Re-hospitalization for Recurrent Unstable Angina (UA)

Biomarker Measurements of Inflammation/Hemodynamic Stress: Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

Biomarker Measurements of Inflammation/Hemodynamic Stress: C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

Economic and Quality of Life Outcomes

Genotyping Related to Drug Metabolism

Platelet Aggregation Measures

Summary of All Deaths

Incidence of Major Adverse Coronary Events Within One Year Following Surgery

Incidence of Major Bleeding Events Within One Year Following Surgery

Vein Graft Angiographic Patency

Vein Graft Intimal Area

Differences in Costs Between Two Revascularization Strategies for de Novo Coronary Lesions.

Target Vessel Revascularization (TVR)

Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACCE)

Percentage Leukocyte-Platelet Aggregate

Percentage Monocyte-Platelet Aggregates

Percentage Monocyte-Platelet Aggregates

Percentage Platelet Aggregation in PRP After Stimulation With ADP 5μM for 5 Min

Percentage Platelet Aggregation in PRP After Stimulation With Arachidonic Acid 1600 μM for 5 Min

Number of Participants With Healed Peptic Ulcer

Number of Participants With Ulcer Recurrence

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies