ticlopidine and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 studies

Ticlopidine: An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES.
ticlopidine : A thienopyridine that is 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridine in which the hydrogen attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an o-chlorobenzyl group.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"In patients with ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in 4-6 weeks after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on stable dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel co-adminstrated with rosuvastatin residual platelet reactivity on adenosine diphosphate was higher than in patients receiving atorvastatin."	9.24	[IMPACT OF ATORVASTATIN AND ROSUVASTATIN ON RESIDUAL ON-CLOPIDOGREL TREATMENT PLATELET REACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AFTER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME]. ( Kochubiei, O; Ovrakh, T; Serik, S, 2017)
"In a population of diabetic patients with coronary artery disease and a high risk of time-dependent aspirin resistance, aspirin divided twice per day can significantly decrease the rate of biological loss of efficacy at trough level."	9.16	Biological efficacy of twice daily aspirin in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. ( Bal dit Sollier, C; Dillinger, JG; Drissa, A; Drouet, L; Henry, P; Logeart, D; Manzo Silberman, S; Sideris, G; Voicu, S, 2012)
"Adjunctive treatment with pentoxifylline is not associated with increased platelet inhibitory effects in DM patients with coronary artery disease receiving DAPT."	9.15	Impact of pentoxifylline on platelet function profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease on dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Bass, TA; Capodanno, D; Charlton, RK; Desai, B; Dharmashankar, K; Ferreiro, JL; Kodali, M; Seecheran, N; Tello-Montoliu, A; Tomasello, SD; Ueno, M, 2011)
"ticagrelor, when compared with clopidogrel, reduced ischaemic events in ACS patients irrespective of diabetic status and glycaemic control, without an increase in major bleeding events."	9.14	Ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and diabetes: a substudy from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Cornel, JH; Erlinge, D; Husted, S; James, S; Kontny, F; Maya, J; Nicolau, JC; Spinar, J; Stevens, SR; Storey, RF; Wallentin, L, 2010)
"The aim was to identify factors that influence the efficacy of 600 mg of clopidogrel pretreatment in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention."	9.14	Factors influencing clopidogrel efficacy in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention: statin's advantage and the smoking "paradox". ( Bilkova, D; Kala, P; Marinov, I; Motovska, Z; Petr, R; Simek, S; Widimsky, P, 2009)
" A total of 477 patients receiving double antiaggregation therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, after suffering a first event, were followed for 1 year to record relapse, as a surrogate end point to measure their therapeutic response, as defined by presenting with an acute coronary event (unstable angina, ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, or non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction), stent thrombosis/restenosis, or cardiac mortality."	8.12	Clinical and Pharmacological Parameters Determine Relapse During Clopidogrel Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome. ( Martínez-Quintana, E; Medina-Gil, JM; Rodríguez-González, F; Saavedra-Santana, P; Santana-Mateos, M; Tugores, A, 2022)
"The present case demonstrates that both diabetes mellitus and carriage of CYP2C19*2 allele are associated with a reduced response to clopidogrel in the setting of this standard dose of clopidogrel and a high risk of stent thrombosis."	7.96	Subacute stent thrombosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes and clopidogrel resistance: A case report . ( Cao, SP; Zheng, P; Zhong, HL; Zhou, MC, 2020)
"Our findings indicate a favorable effect of clopidogrel at discharge compared with aspirin in preventing death, recurrent stroke, and CVD events in diabetic patients with a first-ever noncardioembolic AIS."	7.85	Aspirin Versus Clopidogrel for Type 2 Diabetic Patients with First-Ever Noncardioembolic Acute Ischemic Stroke: Ten-Year Survival Data from the Athens Stroke Outcome Project. ( Elisaf, M; Manios, E; Milionis, H; Ntaios, G; Papavasileiou, V; Spengos, K; Vemmos, K, 2017)
"Patients (DM, n = 30; non-DM, n = 30) with stable coronary artery disease taking aspirin 81 mg/day and P2Y12 antagonist naive were enrolled."	7.80	Impaired responsiveness to the platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonist clopidogrel in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Bass, TA; Darlington, A; Desai, B; Ferreiro, JL; Franchi, F; Guzman, LA; Jakubowski, JA; Moser, BA; Rollini, F; Sugidachi, A; Tello-Montoliu, A; Ueno, M, 2014)
"Responsiveness to clopidogrel was evaluated in a cohort of 533 consecutive stented patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain."	7.79	Platelet function testing to predict hyporesponsiveness to clopidogrel in patients with chest pain seen in the emergency department. ( Dod, H; Erickson, SW; Marsh, JD; Reddy, HK; Sharma, R; Sharma, RK; Voelker, DJ, 2013)
" We report a case of a large renal hematoma following SWL that resulted in nephrectomy in a type 2 diabetic patient with primary hyperparathyroidism using clopidogrel due to coronary heart disease CHD."	7.73	Serious clopidogrel associated renal hematoma in a type 2 diabetic patient with primary hyperparathyroidism after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. ( Agil, C; Akay, F; Akay, H; Bahceci, M; Tuzcu, A, 2005)
" The aim of this study was to perform serial pharmacodynamic assessments of prasugrel with high-dose clopidogrel in patients with DM."	6.76	A pharmacodynamic comparison of prasugrel vs. high-dose clopidogrel in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: results of the Optimizing anti-Platelet Therapy In diabetes MellitUS (OPTIMUS)-3 Trial. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Badimon, JJ; Baker, BA; Effron, MB; Frelinger, AL; Jakubowski, JA; Michelson, AD; Ojeh, CK; Saucedo, JF; Zhu, B, 2011)
"Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have reduced platelet inhibition compared with non-diabetics following P2Y(12) receptor blockade."	6.73	A randomized study assessing the impact of cilostazol on platelet function profiles in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease on dual antiplatelet therapy: results of the OPTIMUS-2 study. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Aslam, M; Bass, TA; Box, LC; Capranzano, P; Charlton, RK; Desai, B; Goto, S; Guzman, LA; Shoemaker, SB; Suzuki, Y; Zenni, MM, 2008)
" Whether platelet inhibition can be enhanced by increasing clopidogrel maintenance dosage in T2DM patients is unknown."	6.73	Randomized comparison of a high clopidogrel maintenance dose in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: results of the Optimizing Antiplatelet Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus (OPTIMUS) study. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Bass, TA; Bernardo, E; Charlton, RK; Costa, MA; Desai, B; Guzman, LA; Shoemaker, SB; Yuan, H; Zenni, MM, 2007)
"Stent thrombosis is a morbid complication after percutaneous coronary intervention."	5.40	Clopidogrel resistance in diabetic patient with acute myocardial infarction due to stent thrombosis. ( Duraj, L; Fedor, M; Fedorová, J; Galajda, P; Kovář, F; Kubisz, P; Mokáň, M; Samoš, M; Šimonová, R; Staško, J, 2014)
"Cigarette smoking is associated with a dose-response effect on clopidogrel-induced antiplatelet effects and lower rates of HPR in diabetes mellitus patients."	5.38	Cigarette smoking is associated with a dose-response effect in clopidogrel-treated patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: results of a pharmacodynamic study. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Bass, TA; Capodanno, D; Capranzano, P; Charlton, RK; Desai, B; Dharmashankar, K; Ferreiro, JL; Kodali, M; Tello-Montoliu, A; Tomasello, SD; Ueno, M, 2012)
"In patients with ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in 4-6 weeks after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on stable dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel co-adminstrated with rosuvastatin residual platelet reactivity on adenosine diphosphate was higher than in patients receiving atorvastatin."	5.24	[IMPACT OF ATORVASTATIN AND ROSUVASTATIN ON RESIDUAL ON-CLOPIDOGREL TREATMENT PLATELET REACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AFTER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME]. ( Kochubiei, O; Ovrakh, T; Serik, S, 2017)
" Consecutive diabetic patients with an non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention and loaded with clopidogrel were considered for platelet reactivity assessment immediately before angioplasty with the VerifyNow assay measured in P2Y12 reaction units (PRU)."	5.20	VERifyNow in DIabetes high-on-treatment platelet reactivity: a pharmacodynamic study on switching from clopidogrel to prasugrel. ( Acosta Martínez, J; Cubero Gómez, JM; Díaz De La Llera, LS; Fernández-Quero, M; Guisado Rasco, A; Mendias Benítez, C; Sánchez González, Á; Villa Gil-Ortega, M, 2015)
"In a population of diabetic patients with coronary artery disease and a high risk of time-dependent aspirin resistance, aspirin divided twice per day can significantly decrease the rate of biological loss of efficacy at trough level."	5.16	Biological efficacy of twice daily aspirin in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. ( Bal dit Sollier, C; Dillinger, JG; Drissa, A; Drouet, L; Henry, P; Logeart, D; Manzo Silberman, S; Sideris, G; Voicu, S, 2012)
" Thrombus area was measured in T2DM and non-diabetic patients receiving aspirin and clopidogrel 7-10 days after troponin positive Non ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS)."	5.16	Thrombus and antiplatelet therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A prospective study after non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome and a randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled study in stable angina. ( Badimon, JJ; Balasubramaniam, K; Marshall, SM; Schechter, CB; Viswanathan, GN; Zaman, AG, 2012)
"Adjunctive treatment with pentoxifylline is not associated with increased platelet inhibitory effects in DM patients with coronary artery disease receiving DAPT."	5.15	Impact of pentoxifylline on platelet function profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease on dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Bass, TA; Capodanno, D; Charlton, RK; Desai, B; Dharmashankar, K; Ferreiro, JL; Kodali, M; Seecheran, N; Tello-Montoliu, A; Tomasello, SD; Ueno, M, 2011)
"ticagrelor, when compared with clopidogrel, reduced ischaemic events in ACS patients irrespective of diabetic status and glycaemic control, without an increase in major bleeding events."	5.14	Ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes and diabetes: a substudy from the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Cornel, JH; Erlinge, D; Husted, S; James, S; Kontny, F; Maya, J; Nicolau, JC; Spinar, J; Stevens, SR; Storey, RF; Wallentin, L, 2010)
"The aim was to identify factors that influence the efficacy of 600 mg of clopidogrel pretreatment in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention."	5.14	Factors influencing clopidogrel efficacy in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention: statin's advantage and the smoking "paradox". ( Bilkova, D; Kala, P; Marinov, I; Motovska, Z; Petr, R; Simek, S; Widimsky, P, 2009)
"The effects of therapy with aspirin 300 mg/day and with combined aspirin 100 mg/day plus clopidogrel 75 mg/day on platelet function were compared in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease and impaired antiplatelet responses to aspirin 100 mg/day."	5.13	Comparison of increased aspirin dose versus combined aspirin plus clopidogrel therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease and impaired antiplatelet response to low-dose aspirin. ( Aygul, N; Duzenli, MA; Ozdemir, K; Soylu, A; Tokac, M, 2008)
" The Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition With Prasugrel-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 38 (TRITON-TIMI 38) showed an overall reduction in ischemic events with more intensive antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel than with clopidogrel but with more bleeding."	5.13	Greater clinical benefit of more intensive oral antiplatelet therapy with prasugrel in patients with diabetes mellitus in the trial to assess improvement in therapeutic outcomes by optimizing platelet inhibition with prasugrel-Thrombolysis in Myocardial I ( Angiolillo, DJ; Antman, EM; Braunwald, E; Corbalan, R; Dalby, AJ; Goodman, SG; McCabe, CH; Meisel, S; Murphy, SA; Purdy, DA; Verheugt, FW; Wiviott, SD, 2008)
" Platelet dysfunction has been implicated as a central contributor to the increased risk of coronary artery disease in patients with DM, and it is not surprising that the anti-platelet agent, clopidogrel, has been shown to have efficacy in both short and long term outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention."	4.87	Variability of clopidogrel response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Banerjee, S; Hall, HM; McGuire, DK, 2011)
" A total of 477 patients receiving double antiaggregation therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, after suffering a first event, were followed for 1 year to record relapse, as a surrogate end point to measure their therapeutic response, as defined by presenting with an acute coronary event (unstable angina, ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, or non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction), stent thrombosis/restenosis, or cardiac mortality."	4.12	Clinical and Pharmacological Parameters Determine Relapse During Clopidogrel Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome. ( Martínez-Quintana, E; Medina-Gil, JM; Rodríguez-González, F; Saavedra-Santana, P; Santana-Mateos, M; Tugores, A, 2022)
"The present case demonstrates that both diabetes mellitus and carriage of CYP2C19*2 allele are associated with a reduced response to clopidogrel in the setting of this standard dose of clopidogrel and a high risk of stent thrombosis."	3.96	Subacute stent thrombosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes and clopidogrel resistance: A case report . ( Cao, SP; Zheng, P; Zhong, HL; Zhou, MC, 2020)
"Our findings indicate a favorable effect of clopidogrel at discharge compared with aspirin in preventing death, recurrent stroke, and CVD events in diabetic patients with a first-ever noncardioembolic AIS."	3.85	Aspirin Versus Clopidogrel for Type 2 Diabetic Patients with First-Ever Noncardioembolic Acute Ischemic Stroke: Ten-Year Survival Data from the Athens Stroke Outcome Project. ( Elisaf, M; Manios, E; Milionis, H; Ntaios, G; Papavasileiou, V; Spengos, K; Vemmos, K, 2017)
"Patients (DM, n = 30; non-DM, n = 30) with stable coronary artery disease taking aspirin 81 mg/day and P2Y12 antagonist naive were enrolled."	3.80	Impaired responsiveness to the platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonist clopidogrel in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Bass, TA; Darlington, A; Desai, B; Ferreiro, JL; Franchi, F; Guzman, LA; Jakubowski, JA; Moser, BA; Rollini, F; Sugidachi, A; Tello-Montoliu, A; Ueno, M, 2014)
"A 62-year-old woman with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and coronary heart disease started taking clopidogrel, with no addition of any other new drugs."	3.80	Acquired pure red cell aplasia due to treatment with clopidogrel: first case report. ( Li, G; Li, ZQ; Yang, JD; Yang, QY, 2014)
"Responsiveness to clopidogrel was evaluated in a cohort of 533 consecutive stented patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain."	3.79	Platelet function testing to predict hyporesponsiveness to clopidogrel in patients with chest pain seen in the emergency department. ( Dod, H; Erickson, SW; Marsh, JD; Reddy, HK; Sharma, R; Sharma, RK; Voelker, DJ, 2013)
"Platelet function analyses, which included measures of platelet aggregation and activation, were performed in 173 T2DM patients with coronary artery disease on chronic treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel."	3.74	Impact of platelet reactivity on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. ( Alfonso, F; Angiolillo, DJ; Bañuelos, C; Bass, TA; Bernardo, E; Costa, MA; Escaned, J; Fernandez-Ortiz, A; Guzman, LA; Hernández-Antolin, R; Jimenez-Quevedo, P; Macaya, C; Moreno, R; Palazuelos, J; Sabaté, M, 2007)
" We report a case of a large renal hematoma following SWL that resulted in nephrectomy in a type 2 diabetic patient with primary hyperparathyroidism using clopidogrel due to coronary heart disease CHD."	3.73	Serious clopidogrel associated renal hematoma in a type 2 diabetic patient with primary hyperparathyroidism after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. ( Agil, C; Akay, F; Akay, H; Bahceci, M; Tuzcu, A, 2005)
" The dosage schedules were either single dose of 500 mg P."	2.79	Study of pharmacodynamic interaction of Phyllanthus emblica extract with clopidogrel and ecosprin in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. ( Fatima, N; Muralidhar, N; Pingali, U, 2014)
"Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have impaired clopidogrel-induced antiplatelet effects, which may be in part attributed to their reduced sensitivity to insulin and consequently, results in upregulation of the P2Y12 signalling pathway."	2.77	Effects of pioglitazone on platelet P2Y12-mediated signalling in clopidogrel-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Bass, TA; Box, LC; Desai, B; Ferreiro, JL; Guzman, LA; Rollini, F; Suryadevara, S; Tello-Montoliu, A; Ueno, M; Zenni, M, 2012)
" The aim of this study was to perform serial pharmacodynamic assessments of prasugrel with high-dose clopidogrel in patients with DM."	2.76	A pharmacodynamic comparison of prasugrel vs. high-dose clopidogrel in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: results of the Optimizing anti-Platelet Therapy In diabetes MellitUS (OPTIMUS)-3 Trial. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Badimon, JJ; Baker, BA; Effron, MB; Frelinger, AL; Jakubowski, JA; Michelson, AD; Ojeh, CK; Saucedo, JF; Zhu, B, 2011)
" Whether platelet inhibition can be enhanced by increasing clopidogrel maintenance dosage in T2DM patients is unknown."	2.73	Randomized comparison of a high clopidogrel maintenance dose in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: results of the Optimizing Antiplatelet Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus (OPTIMUS) study. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Bass, TA; Bernardo, E; Charlton, RK; Costa, MA; Desai, B; Guzman, LA; Shoemaker, SB; Yuan, H; Zenni, MM, 2007)
"Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have reduced platelet inhibition compared with non-diabetics following P2Y(12) receptor blockade."	2.73	A randomized study assessing the impact of cilostazol on platelet function profiles in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease on dual antiplatelet therapy: results of the OPTIMUS-2 study. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Aslam, M; Bass, TA; Box, LC; Capranzano, P; Charlton, RK; Desai, B; Goto, S; Guzman, LA; Shoemaker, SB; Suzuki, Y; Zenni, MM, 2008)
"In these patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of TIA, patterns of platelet inhibition differed significantly according to whether treatment was with ER-DP+ASA or clopidogrel with or without ASA."	2.73	Antiplatelet profiles of the fixed-dose combination of extended-release dipyridamole and low-dose aspirin compared with clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of transient ischemic attack: a randomized, single-b ( Hanley, DF; Malinin, AI; Pokov, AN; Serebruany, VL, 2008)
"65 patients with type II diabetes mellitus (DM) entered the trial."	2.69	[Changes in vascular wall, blood insulin spectrum and hemostasis system in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and relevant correction]. ( Al'tshuler, MIu; Iudanova, LS; Starosel'tseva, LK, 1998)
"Stent thrombosis was almost similar in both groups."	2.52	Comparing the effectiveness and safety between triple antiplatelet therapy and dual antiplatelet therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after coronary stents implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ( Bundhun, PK; Chen, MH; Qin, T, 2015)
" Therefore, several new antiplatelet treatment strategies have been developed in order to optimize platelet inhibition: a) modification of dosing of commonly used agents; b) use of new agents; and c) addition of a third antiplatelet drug (triple therapy)."	2.48	Challenges and perspectives of antiplatelet therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Ferreiro, JL, 2012)
"Patients with Type 2 diabetes carry an equivalent cardiovascular risk to that of a non-diabetic individual who has already experienced a coronary event."	2.47	Management of type-2 diabetes with anti-platelet therapies: special reference to aspirin. ( Rao, GH, 2011)
"Ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia (TIAA) is considered very uncommon."	2.41	Ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia: two new case reports, review, and meta-analysis of 55 additional cases. ( Fragopanagou, E; Galani, A; Giannakoulas, N; Kouraklis-Symeonidis, A; Matsouka, P; Seimeni, U; Symeonidis, A; Tiniakou, M; Zoumbos, N, 2002)
" The time interval from ADP receptor blocker loading dosing to the blood sampling was similar in T2D and ND patients in both examinations."	1.43	The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on the Efficacy of ADP Receptor Blockers in Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Prospective Study. ( Bolek, T; Fedor, M; Fedorová, J; Galajda, P; Kovář, F; Kubisz, P; Mokáň, M; Samoš, M; Stančiaková, L; Staško, J, 2016)
"32 normal and 75 patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study."	1.42	Effect of Clopidogrel on Platelet CD Markers in Normal Individuals and in Patients with Untreated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ( Ilyas, S; Saboor, M, 2015)
"Bleeding was assessed using the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria."	1.40	Prognostic value of bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes. ( Byrne, RA; Kastrati, A; Laugwitz, KL; Ndrepepa, G; Neumann, FJ; Pache, J; Pöhler, A; Richardt, G; Schulz, S, 2014)
"T2DM was associated with increased thrombus [14861 (8003 to 30161) vs 8908 (6812 to 11996), μ(2)/mm, median (IQR), p=0."	1.40	Differences in thrombus structure and kinetics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. ( Badimon, JJ; Balasubramaniam, K; Marshall, SM; Viswanathan, GN; Zaman, AG, 2014)
"Stent thrombosis is a morbid complication after percutaneous coronary intervention."	1.40	Clopidogrel resistance in diabetic patient with acute myocardial infarction due to stent thrombosis. ( Duraj, L; Fedor, M; Fedorová, J; Galajda, P; Kovář, F; Kubisz, P; Mokáň, M; Samoš, M; Šimonová, R; Staško, J, 2014)
"Cigarette smoking is associated with a dose-response effect on clopidogrel-induced antiplatelet effects and lower rates of HPR in diabetes mellitus patients."	1.38	Cigarette smoking is associated with a dose-response effect in clopidogrel-treated patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: results of a pharmacodynamic study. ( Angiolillo, DJ; Bass, TA; Capodanno, D; Capranzano, P; Charlton, RK; Desai, B; Dharmashankar, K; Ferreiro, JL; Kodali, M; Tello-Montoliu, A; Tomasello, SD; Ueno, M, 2012)
"Diabetes and more specially type 2 diabetes are a major cardiovascular risk factor."	1.36	[Antiplatelet agents and diabetes mellitus]. ( Bal dit Sollier, C; Drouet, L; Henry, P, 2010)
"We present a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, who had simultaneous oculomotor and trochlear nerve palsies."	1.33	Simultaneous, painless, homolateral oculomotor and trochlear nerve palsies in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Neuropathy or brainstem infarction? ( Heliopoulos, I; Maltezos, E; Papanas, N; Piperidou, H, 2006)
" An independent endpoint review committee adjudicated all reported major adverse cardiovascular events, stent thromboses, and target-vessel revascularizations."	1.33	Safety of coronary sirolimus-eluting stents in daily clinical practice: one-year follow-up of the e-Cypher registry. ( Berge, C; Deme, M; Gershlick, AH; Guagliumi, G; Guyon, P; Lotan, C; Schofer, J; Seth, A; Sousa, JE; Stoll, HP; Urban, P; Wijns, W, 2006)

Research

Studies (105)

Authors

Clinical Trials (19)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

P2Y12 Reaction Unit (PRU)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	2 (1.90)	18.7374
1990's	3 (2.86)	18.2507
2000's	36 (34.29)	29.6817
2010's	61 (58.10)	24.3611
2020's	3 (2.86)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Zhao, X	1
Wang, J	1
Li, Q	1
Ye, Y	1
Zeng, Y	1
Santana-Mateos, M	1
Medina-Gil, JM	1
Saavedra-Santana, P	1
Martínez-Quintana, E	1
Rodríguez-González, F	1
Tugores, A	1
Bates, ER	1
Zhou, MC	1
Cao, SP	1
Zhong, HL	1
Zheng, P	1
Cerrato, E	1
Quirós, A	1
Echavarría-Pinto, M	1
Mejia-Renteria, H	1
Aldazabal, A	1
Ryan, N	1
Gonzalo, N	1
Jimenez-Quevedo, P	4
Nombela-Franco, L	1
Salinas, P	1
Núñez-Gil, IJ	1
Rumoroso, JR	1
Fernández-Ortiz, A	4
Macaya, C	5
Escaned, J	4
Ovrakh, T	1
Serik, S	1
Kochubiei, O	1
Milionis, H	1
Ntaios, G	1
Papavasileiou, V	1
Spengos, K	1
Manios, E	1
Elisaf, M	1
Vemmos, K	1
Zafar, MU	1
Baber, U	1
Smith, DA	1
Sartori, S	1
Contreras, J	1
Rey-Mendoza, J	1
Linares-Koloffon, CA	1
Escolar, G	1
Mehran, R	1
Fuster, V	1
Badimon, JJ	4
Alexopoulos, D	1
Xanthopoulou, I	1
Mavronasiou, E	1
Stavrou, K	1
Siapika, A	1
Tsoni, E	1
Davlouros, P	1
Sharma, RK	1
Erickson, SW	1
Sharma, R	1
Voelker, DJ	1
Reddy, HK	1
Dod, H	1
Marsh, JD	1
Rosiak, M	3
Postuła, M	1
Kapłon-Cieślicka, A	1
Trzepla, E	2
Filipiak, KJ	3
Członkowski, A	1
Opolski, G	3
Ha, SJ	1
Kim, SJ	1
Hwang, SJ	2
Woo, JS	1
Kim, W	1
Kim, WS	1
Kim, KS	1
Kim, MK	1
Fatima, N	1
Pingali, U	1
Muralidhar, N	1
Li, G	1
Li, ZQ	1
Yang, QY	1
Yang, JD	1
Postula, M	2
Kaplon-Cieslicka, A	2
Kondracka, A	1
Czlonkowski, A	1
Janicki, PK	2
Samoš, M	3
Šimonová, R	1
Kovář, F	3
Duraj, L	1
Fedorová, J	2
Galajda, P	3
Staško, J	2
Fedor, M	3
Kubisz, P	3
Mokáň, M	4
Viswanathan, GN	2
Marshall, SM	2
Balasubramaniam, K	2
Zaman, AG	2
Liu, T	2
Yin, T	1
Li, Y	1
Song, LQ	1
Yu, J	1
Si, R	1
Zhang, YM	1
He, Y	1
Guo, WY	1
Wang, HC	1
Ndrepepa, G	1
Schulz, S	1
Neumann, FJ	1
Laugwitz, KL	1
Richardt, G	1
Byrne, RA	1
Pöhler, A	1
Kastrati, A	1
Pache, J	1
Price, MJ	1
Angiolillo, DJ	22
Jakubowski, JA	4
Ferreiro, JL	7
Tello-Montoliu, A	5
Rollini, F	4
Franchi, F	3
Ueno, M	6
Darlington, A	1
Desai, B	10
Moser, BA	1
Sugidachi, A	2
Guzman, LA	7
Bass, TA	14
Feldman, L	1
Tubach, F	1
Juliard, JM	1
Himbert, D	1
Ducrocq, G	1
Sorbets, E	1
Triantafyllou, K	1
Kerner, A	1
Abergel, H	1
Huisse, MG	1
Roussel, R	1
Esposito-Farèse, M	1
Steg, PG	1
Ajzenberg, N	1
Mijovic, R	1
Kovacevic, N	1
Zarkov, M	1
Stosic, Z	1
Cabarkapa, V	1
Mitic, G	1
Schuette, C	1
Steffens, D	1
Witkowski, M	1
Stellbaum, C	1
Bobbert, P	1
Schultheiss, HP	1
Rauch, U	1
Ang, L	1
Mahmud, E	1
Saboor, M	1
Ilyas, S	1
Hsieh, CF	1
Huang, WF	1
Chiang, YT	1
Chen, CY	1
Bundhun, PK	1
Qin, T	1
Chen, MH	1
Cubero Gómez, JM	1
Acosta Martínez, J	1
Mendias Benítez, C	1
Díaz De La Llera, LS	1
Fernández-Quero, M	1
Guisado Rasco, A	1
Villa Gil-Ortega, M	1
Sánchez González, Á	1
Bolek, T	2
Zhang, D	1
Zhang, X	1
Liu, D	1
Cai, W	1
Yan, C	1
Han, Y	1
Carreras, ET	1
Hochholzer, W	1
Frelinger, AL	2
Nordio, F	1
O'Donoghue, ML	1
Wiviott, SD	2
Michelson, AD	2
Sabatine, MS	1
Mega, JL	1
Stančiaková, L	1
Mangiacapra, F	2
Panaioli, E	1
Colaiori, I	1
Ricottini, E	1
Lauria Pantano, A	1
Pozzilli, P	1
Barbato, E	2
Di Sciascio, G	1
Engwenyu, LR	1
Cho, JR	1
DeGroat, C	1
Bhatti, M	1
Alobaidi, Z	1
Ferrante, E	1
Zenni, M	2
Milanowski, L	1
Pordzik, J	1
Peller, M	1
Tyminska, A	1
Ozieranski, K	1
Mirowska-Guzel, D	1
Hong, LF	1
Yan, XN	1
Lu, ZH	1
Fan, Y	1
Ye, F	1
Wu, Q	1
Luo, SH	1
Yang, B	1
Li, JJ	1
Capranzano, P	5
Goto, S	1
Aslam, M	1
Charlton, RK	6
Suzuki, Y	2
Box, LC	2
Shoemaker, SB	4
Zenni, MM	4
Duzenli, MA	1
Ozdemir, K	1
Aygul, N	1
Soylu, A	1
Tokac, M	1
Braunwald, E	1
Meisel, S	1
Dalby, AJ	1
Verheugt, FW	2
Goodman, SG	1
Corbalan, R	1
Purdy, DA	1
Murphy, SA	1
McCabe, CH	1
Antman, EM	1
Charlton, R	1
Motovska, Z	1
Widimsky, P	1
Petr, R	1
Bilkova, D	1
Marinov, I	1
Simek, S	1
Kala, P	1
Stulman, J	1
McGinn, T	1
Korenstein, D	1
Cola, C	1
Brugaletta, S	1
Martín Yuste, V	1
Campos, B	1
Sabaté, M	4
Roffi, M	1
Eberli, FR	1
Singla, A	1
Antonino, MJ	1
Bliden, KP	2
Tantry, US	2
Gurbel, PA	2
Kremneva, LV	1
Shalaev, SV	1
McClung, JA	1
Kruger, AL	1
Ferraris, A	1
Vanella, L	1
Tsenovoy, P	1
Weiss, MB	1
Abraham, NG	1
Geisler, T	1
Mueller, K	1
Aichele, S	1
Bigalke, B	1
Stellos, K	1
Htun, P	1
Ninci, E	1
Fateh-Moghadam, S	1
May, AE	1
Gawaz, M	1
James, S	1
Cornel, JH	1
Erlinge, D	1
Husted, S	1
Kontny, F	1
Maya, J	1
Nicolau, JC	1
Spinar, J	1
Storey, RF	1
Stevens, SR	1
Wallentin, L	1
Harmsze, AM	1
Van Werkum, JW	2
Moral, F	1
Ten Berg, JN	1
Hackeng, CM	2
Klungel, OH	1
De Boer, A	1
Deneer, VH	1
Rao, GH	1
Peace, AJ	1
Wijns, W	2
Tomasello, SD	3
Capodanno, D	4
Kodali, M	3
Seecheran, N	2
Dharmashankar, K	3
Alissa, R	1
Drouet, L	2
Bal dit Sollier, C	2
Henry, P	2
Saucedo, JF	1
Zhu, B	1
Ojeh, CK	1
Baker, BA	1
Effron, MB	1
Ulus, T	1
Ozduman, H	1
Cavuşoğlu, Y	1
El Ghannudi, S	1
Ohlmann, P	1
Jesel, L	1
Radulescu, B	1
El Adraa, E	1
Crimizade, U	1
Wiesel, ML	1
Gachet, C	1
Morel, O	1
Yang, TH	1
Kim, DI	1
Kim, DK	2
Jang, JS	1
Kim, U	1
Seol, SH	1
Hong, GR	1
Park, JS	1
Shin, DG	1
Kim, YJ	1
Cho, YK	1
Nam, CW	1
Hur, SH	1
Kim, KB	1
Kim, DS	1
Hall, HM	1
Banerjee, S	1
McGuire, DK	1
Érlikh, AD	1
Gratsianskiĭ, NA	1
Saad, AA	1
Ismail, EA	1
Darwish, YW	1
Nasr, HA	1
Hassan, AR	1
Bedeer, I	1
Alfons, MA	1
Azcona, L	1
López Farré, AJ	1
Jiménez Mateos-Cáceres, P	1
Segura, A	1
Rodríguez, P	1
Modrego, J	1
Zamorano-León, JJ	1
Linares Vicente, JA	1
Pérez, JO	1
Lacasa, RC	1
Suryadevara, S	1
Jeong, YH	1
Park, Y	1
Kwon, TJ	1
Park, JR	1
Koh, EH	1
Kwak, CH	1
Hwang, JY	1
Kim, S	1
Schechter, CB	1
Dillinger, JG	1
Drissa, A	1
Sideris, G	1
Voicu, S	1
Manzo Silberman, S	1
Logeart, D	1
Valentine, N	1
Van de Laar, FA	1
van Driel, ML	1
Symeonidis, A	1
Kouraklis-Symeonidis, A	1
Seimeni, U	1
Galani, A	1
Giannakoulas, N	1
Fragopanagou, E	1
Tiniakou, M	1
Matsouka, P	1
Zoumbos, N	1
Igaki, N	1
Matsuda, T	1
Yatani, H	1
Kawaguchi, T	1
Kida, A	1
Yanase, K	1
Moriguchi, R	1
Sakai, M	1
Tamada, F	1
Goto, T	1
Nomura, S	2
Takahashi, N	1
Inami, N	1
Kajiura, T	1
Yamada, K	1
Nakamori, H	1
Tsuda, N	1
van der Meijden, PE	1
Feijge, MA	1
Giesen, PL	1
Huijberts, M	1
van Raak, LP	1
Heemskerk, JW	1
Bahceci, M	1
Tuzcu, A	1
Akay, F	1
Agil, C	1
Akay, H	1
Bernardo, E	5
Ramírez, C	2
Hernández, R	2
Moreno, R	3
Alfonso, F	3
Bañuelos, C	3
Costa, MA	5
Chen, WH	1
Kaul, U	1
Leung, SK	1
Lau, YK	1
Tan, HC	1
Leung, AW	1
Lee, MK	1
Li, SK	1
Ng, W	1
Lee, PY	1
Lam, KF	1
Tse, HF	1
Lau, CP	1
Brogan, GX	1
Peterson, ED	1
Mulgund, J	1
Bhatt, DL	1
Ohman, EM	1
Gibler, WB	1
Pollack, CV	1
Farkouh, ME	1
Roe, MT	1
Urban, P	1
Gershlick, AH	1
Guagliumi, G	1
Guyon, P	1
Lotan, C	1
Schofer, J	1
Seth, A	1
Sousa, JE	1
Berge, C	1
Deme, M	1
Stoll, HP	1
Makkar, K	1
Wilensky, RL	1
Julien, MB	1
Herrmann, HC	1
Spinler, SA	1
Papanas, N	1
Heliopoulos, I	1
Piperidou, H	1
Maltezos, E	1
Harding, SA	1
Sarma, J	1
Din, JN	1
Maciocia, PM	1
Newby, DE	1
Fox, KA	1
Scheen, AJ	1
Legrand, D	1
Chin, SP	1
Liew, CK	1
Tay, SP	1
Rapaee, A	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
PRotective Effect on the Coronary Microcirculation of Patients With DIabetes by Clopidogrel or Ticagrelor[NCT02698618]	Phase 4	50 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2016-03-31	Not yet recruiting
Comparative Study of the Antithrombotic Effects of Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel in Type 2 Diabetic Patients[NCT01823510]	Phase 4	20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
Τicagrelor Versus Prasugrel in Diabetic Patients: a Pharmacodynamic Study[NCT01642940]	Phase 4	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-06-30	Completed
Cangrelor vs. Ticagrelor for Early Platelet Inhibition in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction[NCT03182855]	Phase 4	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-09-01	Not yet recruiting
Targeting Platelets in Chronic HIV Infection[NCT02578706]	Phase 2	27 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-10-31	Completed
A Randomized Study With Loading Dose of Prasugrel Opposed to the Standard Dose of Clopidogrel in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Acute Coronary Syndrome, Revascularized Through Drug-eluting Stent.[NCT01684813]	Phase 4	65 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-10-31	Completed
Escalating Clopidogrel by Involving a Genetic Strategy - Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 56[NCT01235351]	Phase 2	335 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2010-10-31	Completed
Genotype Guided Antiplatelet Therapy In Ischemic Stroke[NCT05763862]		350 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2023-04-24	Recruiting
Comparison of Platelet Inhibitory Effect With Adjunctive Cilostazol Versus High Maintenance-dose ClopidogrEL in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients According to CYP2C19 Polymorphism[NCT00915733]	Phase 4	80 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-05-31	Completed
A Comparison of CS-747 and Clopidogrel in Acute Coronary Syndrome Subjects Who Are to Undergo Percutaneous Coronary Intervention[NCT00097591]	Phase 3	13,619 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2004-11-30	Completed
DPP-4 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Myocardial Infarction:Effects on Platelet Function[NCT02377388]	Phase 3	74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-07	Completed
A Randomized, Open-label, Active-controlled, Parallel-group Study to Investigate the Platelet Inhibition of Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus After Recent Elective Percutaneous Coron[NCT02748330]	Phase 4	40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-06-30	Completed
The Role of Multiple Electrode Aggregometry in Detection of Clopidogrel Resistance in Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Prediction of Clinical Outcomes. A Comparative-method, Non Interventional, Single Center Study.[NCT01991093]		280 participants (Actual)	Observational	2014-06-30	Completed
A Pharmacodynamic Comparison of Prasugrel (LY640315) Versus High Dose Clopidogrel in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease.[NCT00642174]	Phase 2	35 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-04-30	Completed
CYP 2C19 Polymorphism and Response to Adjunctive Cilostazol and High Maintenance-dose Clopidogrel in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention[NCT01012193]	Phase 4	134 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Completed
Prospective, Single-Arm, Multi-Centre, Observational Registry to Further Validate Safety and Efficacy of the Nobori DES in Real-World Patients[NCT01261273]		18,000 participants (Actual)	Observational	2010-08-25	Completed
BIOTRONIK-Safety and Clinical PerFormance of the Drug ELuting Orsiro Stent in the Treatment of Subjects With de Novo Coronary Artery Lesions-VI[NCT02870985]	Phase 3	440 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2015-07-31	Recruiting
Optimizing Therapy With Aspirin and Clopidogrel. The BOchum CLopidogrel and Aspirin Plan to Improve Dual Antiplatelet Therapy.[NCT01212302]		500 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-10-31	Completed
Platelet Reactivity in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Receiving Adjunctive Cilostazol Compared to a High-maintenance Dose of Clopidogrel[NCT01328470]	Phase 4	85 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-09-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Platelet reactivity by measuring P2Y12 Reaction Unit using Accumetrics VerifyNow (NCT01823510)
Timeframe: up to 7 days

Platelet Reactivity

Intervention	percentage of baseline PRU (Mean)
	2 hour post-loading dose	6 hour post-loading dose	5-7 days of maintenance dosing
Clopidogrel + Aspirin	77.8	66.8	62.7
Ticagrelor + Aspirin	14.8	8.2	14.5

Platelet reactivity by Multiplate Analyzer (NCT01823510)
Timeframe: up to 7 days

Platelet Reactivity Index (PRI)

Intervention	percentage of baseline Unit (Mean)
	2 hour post-loading dose	6 hour post-loading dose	5-7 days of maintenance dosing
Clopidogrel + Aspirin	54.5	43.6	45.5
Ticagrelor + Aspirin	20.5	20.6	24.2

Platelet reactivity index by Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein phosphorylation (VASP) assay. (NCT01823510)
Timeframe: up to 7 days

Thrombus Formation

Intervention	percentage of baseline PRI (Mean)
	2 hour post-loading dose	6 hour post-loading dose	5-7 days of maintenance dosing
Clopidogrel + Aspirin	85.8	82.5	68.4
Ticagrelor + Aspirin	21.8	17.8	17.2

Thrombus formation in Badimon Perfusion Chamber high-shear) (ex vivo model of thrombosis). (NCT01823510)
Timeframe: up to 7 days

Change in Alpha Angle From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Intervention	percentage of baseline size (Mean)
	2 hour post loading dose	6 hours post loading dose	5-7 days of maintenance dose
Clopidogrel + Aspirin	84.4	79.8	82.6
Ticagrelor + Aspirin	66.9	59.9	68.9

Alpha angle is measured using thromboelastography, measured by a tangent to the clotting curve through the 2mm point (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Classical Monocyte Subsets From Baseline to Week 24

Intervention	degree (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	0.00
Clopidogrel and Placebo	-0.60
Placebo Only	-0.50

The classical monocyte is characterized by high level expression of the CD14 cell surface receptor (CD14++ CD16- monocyte) (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Clot Formation Time (CFT) From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Intervention	10^3 cells/µl (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	-0.09
Clopidogrel and Placebo	-0.12
Placebo Only	-0.04

Clot formation time is measured using thromboelastography. time from 2 to 20 mm amplitude in seconds. (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Coagulation Time (CT) From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	-1.00
Clopidogrel and Placebo	2.00
Placebo Only	1.63

Clot formation kinetics, or coagulation time, is measured using thromboelastography. time to 2mm amplitude in seconds. (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in D-dimer From Baseline to Week 24

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	3.00
Clopidogrel and Placebo	1.00
Placebo Only	-13.13

D-Dimer level looks at coagulation of blood. D-dimers are not normally present in blood except when coagulation has occurred. (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks

Change in IL-6 From Baseline to Week 24

Intervention	mcg/L (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	-295.99
Clopidogrel and Placebo	151.96
Placebo Only	1109.38

Interleukin 6 gene encodes a cytokine that functions in inflammation and implicated in a variety of inflammatory-associated disease states. (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Intermediate Monocyte Subsets From Baseline to Week 24.

Intervention	pg/mL (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	-0.36
Clopidogrel and Placebo	0.02
Placebo Only	0.85

The intermediate monocyte with high level expression of CD14 and low level expression of CD16 (CD14++CD16+ monocytes). (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: Baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Maximum Clot Firmness (MCF) From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Intervention	10^3 cells/µl (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	0.02
Clopidogrel and Placebo	0.06
Placebo Only	0.04

Maximum Clot Firmness (MCF) is measured using thromboelastography. maximum ampliture in mm (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Monocyte Activation sCD163 From Baseline to Week 24

Intervention	mm (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	1.38
Clopidogrel and Placebo	1.20
Placebo Only	0.38

Soluble CD163 is a specific macrophage activation marker, associated with morphological disease grade. A high sCD163 indicates more disease. (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Monocyte Platelet Aggregates From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Intervention	10^3 cells/µl (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	26.88
Clopidogrel and Placebo	15.8
Placebo Only	-63.38

Change in % platelet monocyte aggregates from baseline to week 24 (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Non-classical Monocyte Subsets From Baseline to Week 24

Intervention	% platelet monocyte aggregates (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	10.55
Clopidogrel and Placebo	3.88
Placebo Only	8.96

The non-classical monocyte shows low level expression of CD14 and additional co-expression of the CD16 receptor (CD14+CD16++ monocyte).[ (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Platelet Aggregometry in Response to ADP 20µM From Baseline to Week 24

Intervention	10^3 cells/µl (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	0.002
Clopidogrel and Placebo	0.03
Placebo Only	-0.03

Change in % platelet aggregation in response to stimulation by Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) from baseline to week 24 (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Platelet Aggregometry in Response to Arachidonic Acid 1500µM From Baseline to Week 24

Intervention	% platelet aggregation (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	-7.25
Clopidogrel and Placebo	-32.40
Placebo Only	-6.50

Change in % platelet aggregation in response to stimulation by arachidonic acid 1500µM from baseline to week 24 (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Platelet Aggregometry in Response to Collagen 2µg/mL From Baseline to Week 24

Intervention	% platelet aggregation (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	-53.33
Clopidogrel and Placebo	-31.00
Placebo Only	-13.25

Change in % platelet aggregation in response to stimulation by Collagen 2µg/mL from baseline to week 24 (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Platelet Aggregometry in Response to Epi 5µM From Baseline to Week 24

Intervention	% platelet aggregation (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	-40.37
Clopidogrel and Placebo	-9.60
Placebo Only	8.62

Change in % platelet aggregation in response to stimulation by light transmission aggregometry as measured by epinephrine 5µM from baseline to week 24 (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in sCD14 From Baseline to Week 24

Intervention	% platelet aggregation (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	-35.25
Clopidogrel and Placebo	-21.40
Placebo Only	-10.63

Soluble CD14 (sCD14) levels in blood. sCD14 is a nonspecific maker of monocyte activation. (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in sCD40L From Baseline to Week 24

Change in Spontaneous Platelet Aggregometry From Baseline to Week 24

Intervention	pg/mL (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	35.75
Clopidogrel and Placebo	-251.40
Placebo Only	-101.75

Intervention	pg/mL (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	-28.05
Clopidogrel and Placebo	-25.68
Placebo Only	13.65

Change in spontaneous % platelet from baseline to week 24. Spontaneous platelet aggregation? (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in sTNFR I From Baseline to Week 24

Intervention	% platelet (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	-0.75
Clopidogrel and Placebo	-0.60
Placebo Only	-0.88

Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) serum concentration (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in sTNFR II From Baseline to Week 24

Intervention	pg/ml (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	137.77
Clopidogrel and Placebo	59.46
Placebo Only	19.78

Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) serum concentration (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Thrombus Formation (High Shear) From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Intervention	pg/ml (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	283.13
Clopidogrel and Placebo	347.00
Placebo Only	4.25

substudy - Change in thrombus formation by Badimon chamber (high shear) from baseline to 24 weeks. Thrombus formation on a blood vessel measured by immunohistochemistry staining of tissue cross sections. The high shear chambers (inner lumen diameter 0.1 mm, Reynolds number 60, shear rate 1690 s- 1) mimic the rheologic conditions of a moderately stenosed coronary artery. (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Change in Thrombus Formation (Low Shear) From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Intervention	μ(2)/mm (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	-3052.20
Clopidogrel and Placebo	-2798.80
Placebo Only	-753.00

substudy - Change in thrombus formation by Badimon chamber (low shear) from baseline to 24 weeks. Thrombus formation on a blood vessel measured by immunohistochemistry staining of tissue cross sections. μ(2)/mm is the area of thrombus. The low shear chamber (inner lumen diameter 0.2 mm, Reynolds number 30, shear rate 500 s- 1) simulates flow conditions of a normal coronary artery. (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: baseline and 24 weeks

Number of Subjects With at Least One Grade 3 or Higher Sign/Symptom or Laboratory Abnormality

Intervention	μ(2)/mm (Mean)
Aspirin and Placebo	-1036
Clopidogrel and Placebo	-899.20
Placebo Only	-203.75

Safety as measured by a Summary of the number of subjects with at least one grade 3 or higher sign/symptom or laboratory abnormality. A grade 3 sign/symptom was defined as medically significant but not immediately life threatening. (NCT02578706)
Timeframe: 24 weeks

Comparisons of Vasodilator-stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) Phosphorylation Platelet Reactivity Index (PRI)

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Aspirin and Placebo	0
Clopidogrel and Placebo	1
Placebo Only	0

The outcome measurement was on-treatment PRI determined through flow cytometric assessment of phosphorylation status of VASP. (NCT01235351)
Timeframe: Approximately every 2 weeks for 8 weeks

Comparisons of Vasodilator-stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) Phosphorylation Platelet Reactivity Index (PRI)

Intervention	% of PRI (Mean)
	Clopidogrel 75 mg	Clopidogrel 150 mg
CYP2C19*2 Non-Carriers	57.5	46.9

The outcome measurement was on-treatment PRI determined through flow cytometric assessment of phosphorylation status of VASP. (NCT01235351)
Timeframe: Approximately every 2 weeks for 8 weeks

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of All-Cause Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Nonfatal Stroke

Intervention	% of PRI (Mean)
	Clopidogrel 75 mg	Clopidogrel 150 mg	Clopidogrel 225 mg	Clopidogrel 300 mg
CYP2C19*2 Carriers	71.0	62.4	54.0	50.1

The endpoint in this measure is a combination of all-cause death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. Results are reported for the All ACS population. (NCT00097591)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 15 months

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), Nonfatal Stroke, or Rehospitalization for Cardiac Ischemic Events

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Prasugrel	692
Clopidogrel	822

The endpoint in this measure is a combination of CV death, nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, or rehospitalization for cardiac ischemic events. Results are reported for the All ACS population. (NCT00097591)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 15 months

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Nonfatal Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Number)
Prasugrel	797
Clopidogrel	938

The endpoint in this measure is a combination of CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. Results are reported for the All ACS population for the 30 and 90 day periods. (NCT00097591)
Timeframe: Randomization to 30 days; randomization to 90 days

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Nonfatal Stroke

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	All ACS (Through 30 days)	All ACS (Through 90 days)
Clopidogrel	502	573
Prasugrel	389	462

The endpoint in this measure is a combination of CV death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke. The data is presented by the study population, which is represented as follows: 1) subjects who presented with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI), 2) subjects who presented with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and 3) all subjects with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) (i.e. all subjects with UA/NSTEMI or STEMI). (NCT00097591)
Timeframe: Randomization up to 15 months

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Urgent Target Vessel Revascularization (UTVR)

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	UA/NSTEMI (n=5044, n=5030)	STEMI (n=1769, n=1765)	All ACS (n=6813, n=6795)
Clopidogrel	565	216	781
Prasugrel	469	174	643

The endpoint in this measure is a combination of CV death, nonfatal MI, or UTVR. Results are reported for the All ACS subject population for the 30 and 90 day periods. (NCT00097591)
Timeframe: Randomization to 30 days; randomization to 90 days

Number of Treated Subjects With Non-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Related Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Study Group Major and Minor Bleeding Events

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	All ACS (Through 30 days)	All ACS (Through 90 days)
Clopidogrel	504	588
Prasugrel	399	472

TIMI classification for major and minor bleeding in the subset of subjects who did not undergo a coronary artery bypass operation (CABG) were defined as follows: Major bleeding: any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) OR any clinically overt bleeding (including bleeding evident on imaging studies) associated with a fall in hemoglobin (Hgb) of ≥5 grams/deciliter (gm/dL)from baseline. Minor Bleeding: any clinically overt bleeding associated with a fall in Hgb of ≥3 gm/dL but <5 gm/dL from baseline. Major bleeding events were further examined as events that were deemed life threatening and/or fatal. (NCT00097591)
Timeframe: First dose of study drug up to 15 months (while at risk)

Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation (IPA) 4 Hours After Loading Dose Assessed by Accumetrics VerifyNow™ P2Y12 Assay

Intervention	Participants (Number)
	TIMI Major or Minor Bleeding	TIMI Major Bleeding	TIMI Major Bleeding - Life-threatening (LT)	LT - Fatal	LT - Symptomatic intracranial hemorrage (ICH)	LT - Requiring inotropes	LT - Requiring surgical intervention	LT - Requiring transfusion (>=4 units)	TIMI Minor Bleeding
Clopidogrel	231	111	56	5	17	8	19	30	125
Prasugrel	303	146	85	21	19	21	19	45	164

The inhibition of platelet aggregation 4 hours after the loading dose was administered was assessed using the Accumetrics VerifyNow™ P2Y12 assay. Percentage inhibition, as reported by VerifyNow™ P2Y12, was calculated from P2Y12 Reaction Unit (PRU) (rate and extent of adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-stimulated platelet aggregation) and BASE (estimate of baseline platelet reactivity independent of P2Y12 receptor inhibition [reference values]: rate and extent of Thrombin Receptor-Activated Peptide-stimulated platelet aggregation) values as follows: Percentage (%) inhibition = (1-PRU/BASE) x 100. (NCT00642174)
Timeframe: 4 hours after loading dose

Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation at 1- and 24-Hours After Loading Dose (LD) and 24-Hours After Last Maintenance Dose (LMD) Assessed by Accumetrics VerifyNow™ P2Y12 Assay

Intervention	percent inhibition (Least Squares Mean)
	Baseline	4 Hours After Loading Dose
Clopidogrel	9.3	27.7
Prasugrel	9.4	89.3

Inhibition of platelet aggregation 1- and 24-hours after loading dose and 24-hours after last maintenance dose was administered was assessed using Accumetrics VerifyNow™ P2Y12 assay. Percentage inhibition, as reported by VerifyNow™ P2Y12, was calculated from PRU (rate and extent of ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation) and BASE (estimate of baseline platelet reactivity independent of P2Y12 receptor inhibition [reference values]: rate and extent of Thrombin Receptor-Activated Peptide-stimulated platelet aggregation) values as follows: Percentage (%) inhibition = (1-PRU/BASE) x 100. (NCT00642174)
Timeframe: 1 hour and 24 hours after the loading dose (LD) and 24 hours after the last maintenance dose (LMD)

Inhibition of Platelet Function as Measured by Thromboelastography (TEG)-Platelet Mapping Maximum Amplitude - Adenosine Diphosphate

Intervention	percent inhibition (Least Squares Mean)
	1 Hour After Loading Dose	24 Hours After Loading Dose	24 Hours After Last Maintenance Dose
Clopidogrel	13.4	29.3	44.2
Prasugrel	49.9	87.1	61.8

Thromboelastography (TEG) platelet mapping (MP) maximum amplitude (MA) - Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) millimeters (mm) at each time point. The TEG-MP MA measures strength of clot formation in whole blood. MA-ADP is the maximal amplitude resulting from fibrin and platelets not blocked by ADP-receptor inhibiting drugs. Fibrin strands in blood sample link a rotating sample cup with a stationary pin suspended by a torsion wire. The degree of platelet contribution to the MA through platelet-fibrin bonding directly influences the magnitude of pin movement and ultimately the amplitude of the tracing. (NCT00642174)
Timeframe: Baseline, 1 Hour, 4 Hours, and 24 Hours after loading dose, and 24 Hours after last maintenance dose

Maximum Platelet Aggregation (MPA) as Assessed by Light Transmittance Aggregometry (LTA)

Intervention	millimeters (mm) (Least Squares Mean)
	Baseline	1 Hour After Loading Dose	4 Hours After Loading Dose	24 Hours After Loading Dose	24 Hours After Last Maintenance Dose
Clopidogrel	58.1	54.8	48.1	49.2	46.8
Prasugrel	56.8	38.5	24.2	29.3	44.2

Mean platelet aggregation (MPA) to 5 and 20 µM adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was assessed by light transmittance aggregometry (LTA). Platelet aggregation was monitored for a total of 7 minutes after addition of ADP. Maximum platelet aggregation was the maximal aggregation value achieved during the 7-minute observation period following addition of agonists. (NCT00642174)
Timeframe: Baseline, 1 Hour, 4 Hours, and 24 Hours after loading dose, and 24 Hours after last maintenance dose

Platelet Reactivity Index (PRI)

Intervention	percent platelet aggregation (Least Squares Mean)
	Baseline (5 μM ADP)	1 Hour After Loading Dose (5 μM ADP)	4 Hours After Loading Dose (5 μM ADP)	24 Hours After Loading Dose (5 μM ADP)	24 Hours After Last Maintenance Dose (5 μM ADP)	Baseline (20 μM ADP)	1 Hour After Loading Dose (20 μM ADP)	4 Hours After Loading Dose (20 μM ADP)	24 Hours After Loading Dose (20 μM ADP)	24 Hours After Last Maintenance Dose (20 μM ADP)
Clopidogrel	65.7	56.7	44.6	45.6	38.3	76.9	69.8	57.5	58.4	50.7
Prasugrel	64.9	33.7	18.0	22.3	29.6	77.1	44.7	22.4	27.4	38.3

Data from the Vasodilator-associated stimulated phosphoprotein assay were reported as the platelet reactivity index (PRI) which was calculated from corrected mean fluorescence intensity (cMFI) following incubation of platelets with either prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) alone or PGE1 plus ADP: Platelet Reactivity Index (%) = [1-(cMFI PGEI+ADP/cMFI PGEI)] x 100. Lower PRI values indicate greater platelet P2Y12 inhibition. (NCT00642174)
Timeframe: Baseline, 1 Hour, 4 Hours, and 24 Hours after loading dose, and 24 Hours after last maintenance dose

Number of Participants Who Were Responders or Low-Responders of Antiplatelet Therapy as a Result of Whole Blood Aggregometry Testing (See Outcome Measure Description)

Intervention	percent inhibition (Least Squares Mean)
	Baseline	1 Hour After Loading Dose	4 Hours After Loading Dose	24 Hours After Loading Dose	24 Hours After Last Maintenance Dose
Clopidogrel	80.6	76.2	67.5	58.5	42.3
Prasugrel	83.5	40.0	14.5	15.7	27.4

"In patients treated with aspirin and clopidogrel aggregometry was performed and depending on the results the patients were either responder or low-responder of antiplatelet therapy.~The following definitions were used for clopidogrel low response (CLR: >5 ohm when stimulated with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) 5 μM) and ASA low response (ALR: >0 ohm;stimulated with arachidonic acid 10 μM) with the ChronoLog 590 aggregometer. In the case of low-response alternative antiplatelet therapy was modified according to the study plan (see protocol section)." (NCT01212302)
Timeframe: 2 years

Article	Year
Impact of Pancreatic β-Cell Function on Clopidogrel Responsiveness and Outcomes in Chinese Nondiabetic Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Cardiovascular drugs and therapy, 2023, Volume: 37, Issue:3 Topics: Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; East Asian People; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Percutaneous	2023
Clinical and Pharmacological Parameters Determine Relapse During Clopidogrel Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Journal of clinical pharmacology, 2022, Volume: 62, Issue:6 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aspirin; Calcium Channel Blockers; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Cy	2022
Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Coronary Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. The New England journal of medicine, 2019, 10-03, Volume: 381, Issue:14 Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Ticagre	2019
Subacute stent thrombosis in a patient with type 2 diabetes and clopidogrel resistance: A case report . International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 2020, Volume: 58, Issue:8 Topics: Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Percutaneous Coronary Interventio	2020
Aspirin Versus Clopidogrel for Type 2 Diabetic Patients with First-Ever Noncardioembolic Acute Ischemic Stroke: Ten-Year Survival Data from the Athens Stroke Outcome Project. Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association, 2017, Volume: 26, Issue:12 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspirin; Brain Ischemia; Chi-Square Distribution; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mel	2017
Platelet function testing to predict hyporesponsiveness to clopidogrel in patients with chest pain seen in the emergency department. Vascular health and risk management, 2013, Volume: 9 Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Black or African American; Blood Platelets; Chest Pain; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mel	2013
Acquired pure red cell aplasia due to treatment with clopidogrel: first case report. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 2014, Volume: 38, Issue:2 Topics: Clopidogrel; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hy	2014
Clopidogrel resistance in diabetic patient with acute myocardial infarction due to stent thrombosis. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2014, Volume: 32, Issue:5 Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Coronary Angiography; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resis	2014
Differences in thrombus structure and kinetics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after non ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. Thrombosis research, 2014, Volume: 133, Issue:5 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male	2014
CYP2C19 polymorphisms and coronary heart disease risk factors synergistically impact clopidogrel response variety after percutaneous coronary intervention. Coronary artery disease, 2014, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Platelets; Body Mass Index; Cell Adhesion Molecules; China; Clopidogrel; Cor	2014
Prognostic value of bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes. EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2014, Volume: 10, Issue:1 Topics: Abciximab; Aged; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Anticoagulants; Antithrombins; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Corona	2014
Diabetes mellitus and clopidogrel response variability. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2014, Sep-09, Volume: 64, Issue:10 Topics: Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Platelet Aggr	2014
Impaired responsiveness to the platelet P2Y12 receptor antagonist clopidogrel in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2014, Sep-09, Volume: 64, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Cohort Studies; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type	2014
Impact of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome on acute and chronic on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity in patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing drug-eluting stent placement. American heart journal, 2014, Volume: 168, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type	2014
The effect of clopidogrel on platelet activity in patients with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus: a comparative study. Cardiovascular diabetology, 2015, Feb-03, Volume: 14 Topics: Aged; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pl	2015
Elevated serum fibrinogen: an independent link between diabetes mellitus, impaired on-clopidogrel platelet inhibition, and major adverse cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2015, Apr-28, Volume: 65, Issue:16 Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Platelet Aggregation; Puri	2015
Reply: elevated serum fibrinogen: an independent link between diabetes mellitus, impaired on-clopidogrel platelet inhibition, and major adverse cardiac events after percutaneous coronary intervention. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2015, Apr-28, Volume: 65, Issue:16 Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Platelet Aggregation; Puri	2015
Effect of Clopidogrel on Platelet CD Markers in Normal Individuals and in Patients with Untreated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2015, Volume: 25, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Blood Platelets; Case-Control Studies; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type	2015
Effects of Clopidogrel and Proton Pump Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation: A Nationwide Cohort Study. PloS one, 2015, Volume: 10, Issue:8 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Bypass; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug-	2015
The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes on the Efficacy of ADP Receptor Blockers in Patients with Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Prospective Study. Journal of diabetes research, 2016, Volume: 2016 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aspirin; Case-Control Studies; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type	2016
Impact of chronic kidney disease on platelet P2Y Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2017, 01-05, Volume: 117, Issue:1 Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Platelets; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dose-R	2017
Predictive value of non-fasting remnant cholesterol for short-term outcome of diabetics with new-onset stable coronary artery disease. Lipids in health and disease, 2017, Jan-13, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Clopidogrel;	2017
Impact of P2Y(12) inhibitory effects induced by clopidogrel on platelet procoagulant activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Thrombosis research, 2009, Volume: 124, Issue:3 Topics: Blood Coagulation Factors; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged	2009
Clopidogrel for preventing cardiovascular events. The Mount Sinai journal of medicine, New York, 2009, Volume: 76, Issue:2 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Therapy, Combination; Evidence-Based Medicine;	2009
The relation between platelet reactivity and glycemic control in diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease on maintenance aspirin and clopidogrel therapy. American heart journal, 2009, Volume: 158, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspirin; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clopidogrel; Diabetes	2009
Usefulness of clopidogrel to protect against diabetes-induced vascular damage. The American journal of cardiology, 2010, Apr-01, Volume: 105, Issue:7 Topics: Adult; Aged; Cell Count; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Endothelial	2010
Impact of inflammatory state and metabolic control on responsiveness to dual antiplatelet therapy in type 2 diabetics after PCI: prognostic relevance of residual platelet aggregability in diabetics undergoing coronary interventions. Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2010, Volume: 99, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Clopid	2010
Lack of correlation between platelet reactivity and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with aspirin and clopidogrel. Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis, 2011, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Angina Pectoris; Aspirin; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Diab	2011
Functional profile of the platelet P2Y₁₂ receptor signalling pathway in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2011, Volume: 105, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Blood Platelets; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Melli	2011
[Antiplatelet agents and diabetes mellitus]. Annales de cardiologie et d'angeiologie, 2010, Volume: 59 Suppl 2 Topics: Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Platelet Aggregati	2010
A 23-year patency of a saphenous vein graft in a patient with diabetes mellitus. Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi : AKD = the Anatolian journal of cardiology, 2011, May-25, Volume: 11, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Angina Pectoris; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Bypass; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Male;	2011
Impaired inhibition of P2Y(12) by clopidogrel is a major determinant of cardiac death in diabetes mellitus patients treated by percutaneous coronary intervention. Atherosclerosis, 2011, Volume: 217, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Chi-Square Distribution; Clopidogrel;	2011
Detection of clopidogrel hyporesponsiveness using a point-of-care assay and the impact of additional cilostazol administration after coronary stent implantation in diabetic patients. The Korean journal of internal medicine, 2011, Volume: 26, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Chi-Square Distribution; Cilostazol; Clopidogrel; Cor	2011
Impact of adjunctive cilostazol therapy versus high maintenance dose of clopidogrel in suboptimal responders with diabetes mellitus. Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.), 2012, Volume: 65, Issue:1 Topics: Aspirin; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Cilostazol; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hum	2012
[Acute coronary syndromes in hospitalized patients with diabetes. Data from the RECORD registry]. Kardiologiia, 2011, Volume: 51, Issue:11 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clinical Protocols; Clopidogrel; Coronary Angiogra	2011
Platelet function profile post-clopidogrel therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing coronary stent implantation. Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, 2012, Volume: 18, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Clopidogrel; Coronary Vessels; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Huma	2012
Cigarette smoking is associated with a dose-response effect in clopidogrel-treated patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease: results of a pharmacodynamic study. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, 2012, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Biomarkers; Blood Platelets; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Di	2012
Long-term successful percutaneous coronary intervention in factor VII deficiency. The Journal of invasive cardiology, 2012, Volume: 24, Issue:6 Topics: Angina Pectoris; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Coronary Stenosis; Diabetes M	2012
Pharmacodynamic effect of cilostazol plus standard clopidogrel versus double-dose clopidogrel in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Diabetes care, 2012, Volume: 35, Issue:11 Topics: Cilostazol; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Percutaneous Coronary Inte	2012
Pharmacodynamic effect of cilostazol plus standard clopidogrel versus double-dose clopidogrel in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Diabetes care, 2012, Volume: 35, Issue:11 Topics: Cilostazol; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Percutaneous Coronary Inte	2012
Pharmacodynamic effect of cilostazol plus standard clopidogrel versus double-dose clopidogrel in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Diabetes care, 2012, Volume: 35, Issue:11 Topics: Cilostazol; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Percutaneous Coronary Inte	2012
Pharmacodynamic effect of cilostazol plus standard clopidogrel versus double-dose clopidogrel in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Diabetes care, 2012, Volume: 35, Issue:11 Topics: Cilostazol; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Percutaneous Coronary Inte	2012
Deep venous thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and occlusion of vascular access associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in a diabetic hemodialysis patient. Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2003, Volume: 7, Issue:4 Topics: Anticoagulants; Catheters, Indwelling; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Fi	2003
Platelet P2Y12 receptors enhance signalling towards procoagulant activity and thrombin generation. A study with healthy subjects and patients at thrombotic risk. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2005, Volume: 93, Issue:6 Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adult; Aged; Blood Platelets; Calcium Signaling; Case-Control Studies; Clopid	2005
Serious clopidogrel associated renal hematoma in a type 2 diabetic patient with primary hyperparathyroidism after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Saudi medical journal, 2005, Volume: 26, Issue:6 Topics: Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hematoma; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary; Kidney Calcu	2005
Platelet function profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease on combined aspirin and clopidogrel treatment. Diabetes, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disea	2005
Platelet function profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease on combined aspirin and clopidogrel treatment. Diabetes, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disea	2005
Platelet function profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease on combined aspirin and clopidogrel treatment. Diabetes, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disea	2005
Platelet function profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease on combined aspirin and clopidogrel treatment. Diabetes, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disea	2005
Platelet function profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease on combined aspirin and clopidogrel treatment. Diabetes, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disea	2005
Platelet function profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease on combined aspirin and clopidogrel treatment. Diabetes, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disea	2005
Platelet function profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease on combined aspirin and clopidogrel treatment. Diabetes, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disea	2005
Platelet function profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease on combined aspirin and clopidogrel treatment. Diabetes, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disea	2005
Platelet function profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease on combined aspirin and clopidogrel treatment. Diabetes, 2005, Volume: 54, Issue:8 Topics: Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disea	2005
Treatment disparities in the care of patients with and without diabetes presenting with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes. Diabetes care, 2006, Volume: 29, Issue:1 Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Adult; Aspirin; Cardiac Catheterization; Clopidogrel; Co	2006
Safety of coronary sirolimus-eluting stents in daily clinical practice: one-year follow-up of the e-Cypher registry. Circulation, 2006, Mar-21, Volume: 113, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Cause of Death; Clopidogrel; Comorbidity; Coronary Di	2006
Safety of coronary sirolimus-eluting stents in daily clinical practice: one-year follow-up of the e-Cypher registry. Circulation, 2006, Mar-21, Volume: 113, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Cause of Death; Clopidogrel; Comorbidity; Coronary Di	2006
Safety of coronary sirolimus-eluting stents in daily clinical practice: one-year follow-up of the e-Cypher registry. Circulation, 2006, Mar-21, Volume: 113, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Cause of Death; Clopidogrel; Comorbidity; Coronary Di	2006
Safety of coronary sirolimus-eluting stents in daily clinical practice: one-year follow-up of the e-Cypher registry. Circulation, 2006, Mar-21, Volume: 113, Issue:11 Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Cause of Death; Clopidogrel; Comorbidity; Coronary Di	2006
Rash with both clopidogrel and ticlopidine in two patients following percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents. The Annals of pharmacotherapy, 2006, Volume: 40, Issue:6 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Bypass; Corona	2006
Simultaneous, painless, homolateral oculomotor and trochlear nerve palsies in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Neuropathy or brainstem infarction? Acta diabetologica, 2006, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Cerebral Infarction; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Diabetic N	2006
Insulin therapy is associated with platelet dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on dual oral antiplatelet treatment. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2006, Jul-18, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; Drug	2006
Clopidogrel reduces platelet-leucocyte aggregation, monocyte activation and RANTES secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2006, Volume: 92, Issue:9 Topics: Chemokine CCL5; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lymphocyte	2006
Tackling the diabetic platelet: is high clopidogrel dosing the answer? Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH, 2006, Volume: 4, Issue:12 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Pl	2006
Aspirin and clopidogrel resistance in patients with diabetes mellitus. European heart journal, 2006, Volume: 27, Issue:23 Topics: Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathies; D	2006
Platelet non-responsiveness to dual antiplatelet therapy and relation to coronary disease among diabetes patients. International journal of cardiology, 2007, Jun-12, Volume: 118, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Case-Control Studies; Clopidogrel; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Melli	2007
Impact of platelet reactivity on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2007, Oct-16, Volume: 50, Issue:16 Topics: Aged; Angina, Unstable; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Death, Sudde	2007
Impact of platelet reactivity on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2007, Oct-16, Volume: 50, Issue:16 Topics: Aged; Angina, Unstable; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Death, Sudde	2007
Impact of platelet reactivity on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2007, Oct-16, Volume: 50, Issue:16 Topics: Aged; Angina, Unstable; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Death, Sudde	2007
Impact of platelet reactivity on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2007, Oct-16, Volume: 50, Issue:16 Topics: Aged; Angina, Unstable; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Death, Sudde	2007
Sweet and sticky: diabetic platelets, enhanced reactivity, and cardiovascular risk. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2007, Oct-16, Volume: 50, Issue:16 Topics: Angina, Unstable; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Death, Sudden, Car	2007
Effects of diabetes mellitus on platelet reactivity after dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2008, Volume: 99, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Clopidogrel; Cohort Studies; Coronary Artery Disease;	2008
[Effects of ticlopidine on the plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin and thromboxane B2 in types 1 and 2 diabetics]. Minerva medica, 1984, Jul-31, Volume: 75, Issue:30-31 Topics: Beta-Globulins; beta-Thromboglobulin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans;	1984
[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with ticlopidine]. Anales de medicina interna (Madrid, Spain : 1984), 1996, Volume: 13, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Ischemic Attack, Transient; Platelet Aggregation In	1996
Significance of chemokines and activated platelets in patients with diabetes. Clinical and experimental immunology, 2000, Volume: 121, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Annexin A5; Blood Platelets; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CCL5; Chemokines	2000
Diabetes mellitus with left transverse sinus thrombosis and right transverse sinus aplasia. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 2001, Volume: 51, Issue:1 Topics: Aged; Aspirin; Cerebral Angiography; Cranial Sinuses; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Angiopathi	2001
[The efficacy of the antiaggregants ticlid and diabeton in correcting chronic intravascular microcoagulation of the blood in diabetic patients]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 1991, Volume: 63, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Coagulation Tests; Chronic Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabet	1991
[Effect of ticlopidine on the course of diabetic microangiopathy]. Sovetskaia meditsina, 1988, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Conjunctiva; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Retinopathy; Fema	1988

Article	Year
Comparing the effectiveness and safety between triple antiplatelet therapy and dual antiplatelet therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after coronary stents implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2015, Oct-09, Volume: 15 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Aspirin; Cilostazol; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitu	2015
Type 2 Diabetes and ADP Receptor Blocker Therapy. Journal of diabetes research, 2016, Volume: 2016 Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Monophosphate; Blood Platelets; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clopidogrel; Diabetes	2016
Diabetes mellitus: a prothrombotic state implications for outcomes after coronary revascularization. Vascular health and risk management, 2009, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Topics: Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; Aspirin; Cardiovascular Agents; Clopidogrel; Coronary Angiography; C	2009
Diabetes and acute coronary syndromes. Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism, 2009, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Anticoagulants; Aspirin; Blood Glucose; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus; Dia	2009
[Acute coronary syndrome in patients with carbohydrate metabolic disturbances (a review)]. Terapevticheskii arkhiv, 2009, Volume: 81, Issue:10 Topics: Acute Coronary Syndrome; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clopidogr	2009
Management of type-2 diabetes with anti-platelet therapies: special reference to aspirin. Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition), 2011, 01-01, Volume: 3, Issue:1 Topics: Arachidonic Acid; Aspirin; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Resistance;	2011
Variability of clopidogrel response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes & vascular disease research, 2011, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Drug Monito	2011
Challenges and perspectives of antiplatelet therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Current pharmaceutical design, 2012, Volume: 18, Issue:33 Topics: Aspirin; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Clopidogrel; Coronary Artery Disease; Diabetes Mellitus, Ty	2012
Adenosine-diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonists for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2012, Nov-14, Volume: 11 Topics: Aspirin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clopidogrel; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dipyridamole; Drug Therapy	2012
Ticlopidine-induced aplastic anemia: two new case reports, review, and meta-analysis of 55 additional cases. American journal of hematology, 2002, Volume: 71, Issue:1 Topics: Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agranulocytosis; Anemia, Aplastic; Anti-Bacterial Agents;	2002
[Clopidogrel and statins or once more on the danger of direct transfer of results of experimental studies in clinical practice]. Kardiologiia, 2008, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Atorvastatin; Clopidogrel; Coronary Thrombosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Heptanoic Acids; Humans;	2008

ticlopidine and Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (105)

Authors

Clinical Trials (19)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

P2Y12 Reaction Unit (PRU)

Platelet Reactivity

Platelet Reactivity Index (PRI)

Thrombus Formation

Change in Alpha Angle From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Change in Classical Monocyte Subsets From Baseline to Week 24

Change in Clot Formation Time (CFT) From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Change in Coagulation Time (CT) From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Change in D-dimer From Baseline to Week 24

Change in IL-6 From Baseline to Week 24

Change in Intermediate Monocyte Subsets From Baseline to Week 24.

Change in Maximum Clot Firmness (MCF) From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Change in Monocyte Activation sCD163 From Baseline to Week 24

Change in Monocyte Platelet Aggregates From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Change in Non-classical Monocyte Subsets From Baseline to Week 24

Change in Platelet Aggregometry in Response to ADP 20µM From Baseline to Week 24

Change in Platelet Aggregometry in Response to Arachidonic Acid 1500µM From Baseline to Week 24

Change in Platelet Aggregometry in Response to Collagen 2µg/mL From Baseline to Week 24

Change in Platelet Aggregometry in Response to Epi 5µM From Baseline to Week 24

Change in sCD14 From Baseline to Week 24

Change in sCD40L From Baseline to Week 24

Change in Spontaneous Platelet Aggregometry From Baseline to Week 24

Change in sTNFR I From Baseline to Week 24

Change in sTNFR II From Baseline to Week 24

Change in Thrombus Formation (High Shear) From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Change in Thrombus Formation (Low Shear) From Baseline to 24 Weeks

Number of Subjects With at Least One Grade 3 or Higher Sign/Symptom or Laboratory Abnormality

Comparisons of Vasodilator-stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) Phosphorylation Platelet Reactivity Index (PRI)

Comparisons of Vasodilator-stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) Phosphorylation Platelet Reactivity Index (PRI)

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of All-Cause Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Nonfatal Stroke

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), Nonfatal Stroke, or Rehospitalization for Cardiac Ischemic Events

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Nonfatal Stroke

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Nonfatal Stroke

Number of Subjects Reaching the Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), or Urgent Target Vessel Revascularization (UTVR)

Number of Treated Subjects With Non-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Related Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Study Group Major and Minor Bleeding Events

Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation (IPA) 4 Hours After Loading Dose Assessed by Accumetrics VerifyNow™ P2Y12 Assay

Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation at 1- and 24-Hours After Loading Dose (LD) and 24-Hours After Last Maintenance Dose (LMD) Assessed by Accumetrics VerifyNow™ P2Y12 Assay

Inhibition of Platelet Function as Measured by Thromboelastography (TEG)-Platelet Mapping Maximum Amplitude - Adenosine Diphosphate

Maximum Platelet Aggregation (MPA) as Assessed by Light Transmittance Aggregometry (LTA)

Platelet Reactivity Index (PRI)

Number of Participants Who Were Responders or Low-Responders of Antiplatelet Therapy as a Result of Whole Blood Aggregometry Testing (See Outcome Measure Description)

Reviews

Trials

Other Studies